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Shnaiderman-Torban A, Pe'er O, Gustafsson K, Tatz A, Brizi M, Soback S, Abu Ahmad W, Magen R, Ofri R, Kelmer G. The effect of systemic acetazolamide administration on intraocular pressure in healthy horses-A preliminary study. Vet Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38839562 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In equine glaucoma, topical treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) is recommended. Oral acetazolamide, a systemic CAI, is used in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Information regarding its effect on equine intraocular pressure (IOP) is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of oral acetazolamide treatment on IOP in horses, in a case-control study. ANIMALS Ten healthy horses. PROCEDURES Horses were treated with oral acetazolamide (4.4 mg/kg) BID for 1 week. Serum acetazolamide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and IOP were measured before treatment, daily during treatment, and at 48 and 72 h after treatment. RESULTS Acetazolamide serum levels reached steady state at 72 h after the first oral dose. In a mixed effect model logistic regression, there was a significant decrease in IOP on the third treatment day, of 2.4 mmHg (p = .012) and 2.7 mmHg (p = .006) in the left (OS) and right eye (OD), respectively. On the seventh day, there was a decrease in 2.5 mmHg (p = .008) and 2.7 mmHg (p = .007) OS and OD, respectively. A significant increase occurred 48 h following treatment discontinuation (3.6 mmHg, p < .001 and 3.5 mmHg, p < .001 OS and OD, respectively). The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC(0-10h)) was 1.1 ± 0.5 μg/mL*h, mean residence time 6.7 ± 4.3 h, peak plasma concentration (Cmax) 0.4 ± 0.4 μg/mL and time to reach Cmax 1.8 h. There was a significant increase in serum concentrations 1, 2, 48, 72, and 156 h following the first drug administration (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Further studies are required to determine whether acetazolamide is a potential treatment for equine glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Shnaiderman-Torban
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Pe'er
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kajsa Gustafsson
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Veterinay Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Amos Tatz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Brizi
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Wiessam Abu Ahmad
- Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ramon Magen
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Ofri
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Kelmer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine (KSVM), The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Faccin M, Landsgaard KA, Milliron SM, Jennings AH, Keith Chaffin M, Giaretta PR, Rech RR. Myosin heavy-chain myopathy in 2 American quarter horses. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:462-467. [PMID: 37818977 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231204253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A 1.5-year-old American quarter horse gelding (case 1) and an 11-month-old American quarter horse filly (case 2) were presented for acute onset pelvic lameness and lethargy. Case 1 had nasal discharge, while case 2 developed rapid muscle atrophy. Both horses had elevated serum creatine kinase activity. The horses showed similar polyphasic histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic myositis with necrosis, mineralization, and regeneration. Additionally, case 1 had Streptococcus equi subsp. equi-induced suppurative retropharyngeal lymphadenitis with renal purpura hemorrhagica and myoglobinuric nephropathy. A focal pulmonary abscess caused by Actinobacillus equuli was found in case 2. Genetic testing revealed case 1 as heterozygous and case 2 as homozygous for the E321G MYH1 variant, supporting the diagnosis of myosin heavy-chain myopathy, with concomitant bacterial disease as potential triggers.
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Sperandio LMS, Lago GR, Albertino LG, Araújo CET, Ferreira C, Borges AS, Oliveira-Filho JP. Allele frequency of muscular genetic disorders in bull-catching (vaquejada) quarter horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 136:105052. [PMID: 38531516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Quarter horses (QH), a prominent athletic breed in Brazil, are affected by muscular genetic disorders such as myosin-heavy chain myopathy (MYHM), polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM1), hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyPP), and malignant hyperthermia (MH). Bull-catching (vaquejada), primarily involving QH, is a significant equestrian sport in Brazil. Since the allele frequencies (AF) of MYHM, PSSM1, HyPP, and MH in vaquejada QH remain unknown, this study evaluated the AF in 129 QH vaquejada athletes, specifically from the Brazilian Northeast. These variants were exclusively observed in heterozygosity. The MYHM exhibited the highest AF (0.04 ±0.01), followed by PSSM1 (0.01 ±0.01) and the HyPP variant (0.004 ±0.01), while the MH variant was not identified in this study. This study represents the first identification of these variants in vaquejada QH, emphasizing the need to implement measures to prevent the transmission of pathogenic alleles and reduce the occurrence of clinical cases of these genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M S Sperandio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa street, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 18618681
| | - G R Lago
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa street, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 18618681
| | - L G Albertino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa street, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 18618681
| | - C E T Araújo
- University Center "Doutor Leão Sampaio" (UNILEÃO), Leão Sampaio Avenue, Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil, 63040000
| | - C Ferreira
- Group Ser Educacional (UNINASSAU), Engenheiro Roberto Freire Avenue, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59080-400, Brazil
| | - A S Borges
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa street, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 18618681
| | - J P Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa street, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 18618681.
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Aleman M, Scalco R, Malvick J, Grahn RA, True A, Bellone RR. Prevalence of genetic mutations in horses with muscle disease from a neuromuscular disease laboratory. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 118:104129. [PMID: 36150530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deleterious genetic variants are an important cause of skeletal muscle disease. Immunohistochemical evaluation of muscle biopsies is standard for the diagnosis of muscle disorders. The prevalence of alleles causing hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP), malignant hyperthermia (MH), polysaccharide storage myopathy 1 (PSSM1), glycogen branching enzyme deficiency (GBED), myotonia congenita (MC), and myosin heavy chain myopathy (MYHM) in horses with muscle disease is unknown. Archived slides processed for immunohistochemical analysis from 296 horses with muscle disease were reviewed blinded and clinical information obtained. DNA isolated from stored muscle samples from these horses were genotyped for disease variants. Histological findings were classified as myopathic in 192, neurogenic in 41, and normal in 63 horses. A third of the population had alleles that explained disease which constituted 45% of the horses with confirmed histological myopathic process. Four of six muscle disease alleles were identified only in Quarter horse breeds. The allele causing PSSM1 was detected in other breeds, and MC was not detected in these samples. The My allele, associated with susceptibility for MYHM, was the most common (62%) with homozygotes (16/27) presenting a more severe phenotype compared to heterozygotes (6/33). All cases with the MH allele were fatal upon triggering by anesthesia, stress or concurrent myopathy. Both, muscle histological and genetic analyses are essential in the investigation of muscle disease, since 10% of the horses with muscle disease and normal histology had a muscle disease causing genetic variant, and 63% of histologically confirmed muscle with alterations had no known genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aleman
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Davis, California, United States.
| | - Rebeca Scalco
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Davis, California, United States
| | - Julia Malvick
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Davis, California, United States
| | - Robert A Grahn
- Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Davis, California, United States
| | - Alexander True
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Davis, California, United States
| | - Rebecca R Bellone
- Population Health and Reproduction, Davis, California, United States; Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Davis, California, United States
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de Albuquerque AL, Zanzarini Delfiol DJ, Andrade DGA, Albertino LG, Sonne L, Borges AS, Valberg SJ, Finno CJ, Oliveira-Filho JP. Prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant in Brazilian Quarter Horses. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:952-957. [PMID: 34606642 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Quarter Horse (QH), myosin heavy chain myopathy (MYHM), which is characterised by nonexertional rhabdomyolysis or immune-mediated myositis (IMM) with acute muscle atrophy, is strongly associated with the missense E321G MYH1 mutation. OBJECTIVES To document the existence of MYHM in the Brazilian QH population, this study includes a case report of two related QH foals with the E321G MYH1 mutation that had clinical signs of MYHM, with histological confirmation of IMM in one of the foals. This prompted an investigation the aim of which was to determine the allele frequency of the E321G MYH1 variant across QHs using a DNA archive in Brazil. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional. METHODS To estimate the allele frequency of the E321G MYH1 variant in Brazilian QHs, 299 DNA samples from QHs used in different disciplines (reining, barrel racing, halter, cutting and racing) were analysed. DNA fragments containing the region with the mutation were amplified by PCR and used for direct genomic sequencing. RESULTS Of the 299 genotyped QHs, 44 animals (14.7%) were heterozygous (My/N) for the E321G MYH1 variant, and 255 (85.3%) were homozygous for the wild-type allele (N/N), implying an allele frequency of 0.074. Reining horses had a significantly higher prevalence of heterozygosity than horses in other disciplines (P = .008). MAIN LIMITATIONS The DNA samples were collected from 2010 to 2014. As only registered QHs were evaluated, the results may not reflect the actual incidence in the general population of Brazilian QHs. CONCLUSIONS The reported cases of MYHM and the high prevalence of the MYH1 mutation found in the assessed Brazilian QH population, particularly in reining QHs, suggests that MYHM should be included in genetic screening. Reasonable control measures are important to prevent an increase in the incidence of MYHM in QHs in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L de Albuquerque
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo G A Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lukas G Albertino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Sector of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Federal University of Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S Borges
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Stephanie J Valberg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Carrie J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jose P Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Autry JM, Karim CB, Cocco M, Carlson SF, Thomas DD, Valberg SJ. Purification of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from horse gluteal muscle. Anal Biochem 2020; 610:113965. [PMID: 32956693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed protein expression and enzyme activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-transporting ATPase (SERCA) in horse gluteal muscle. Horses exhibit a high incidence of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, with myosolic Ca2+ proposed, but yet to be established, as the underlying cause. To better assess Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms, we developed an improved protocol for isolating sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles from horse skeletal muscle, based on mechanical homogenization and optimized parameters for differential centrifugation. Immunoblotting identified the peak subcellular fraction containing the SERCA1 protein (fast-twitch isoform). Gel analysis using the Stains-all dye demonstrated that calsequestrin (CASQ) and phospholipids are highly enriched in the SERCA-containing subcellular fraction isolated from horse gluteus. Immunoblotting also demonstrated that these horse SR vesicles show low content of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), which is likely an abundant contaminating protein of traditional horse SR preps. The maximal Ca2+-activated ATPase activity (Vmax) of SERCA in horse SR vesicles isolated using this protocol is 5‒25-fold greater than previously-reported SERCA activity in SR preps from horse skeletal muscle. We propose that this new protocol for isolating SR vesicles will be useful for determining enzymatic parameters of horse SERCA with high fidelity, plus assessing regulatory effect of SERCA peptide subunit(s) expressed in horse muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Autry
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Christine B Karim
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mariana Cocco
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Samuel F Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Stephanie J Valberg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, McPhail Equine Performance Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
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