1
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Torruella X, Puggioni A, Santos B, Brama P, Huuskonen V. Ultrasound-guided perineural injection of the saphenous nerve in goat cadavers. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:17. [PMID: 39085947 PMCID: PMC11290182 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery of the goat stifle joint requires good perioperative analgesia, ideally without affecting motor function in the postoperative period. The objective of this study was to describe an ultrasound-guided technique for saphenous nerve block in goats. Eleven fresh female goat cadavers from two different age groups were used: seven of them were four years old with a mean ± SD body weight of 65.9 ± 7.3 kg. Four animals were six months old and their mean ± SD body weight was 20.1 ± 3.1 kg. The cadavers were positioned in lateral recumbency with the limb to be blocked lowermost. A high-frequency linear transducer (6-12 MHz) was used to localise the interfascial plane between the sartorius and the vastus medialis muscles and to identify the saphenous nerve on the medial aspect of the thigh, caudal to the femur, at the level of the femoral triangle. In 22 pelvic limbs 0.1 mL/kg of methylene blue was injected around the saphenous nerve under ultrasound guidance, followed by gross anatomical dissection. The length of circumferentially stained nerve was measured, and the success rate of achieving at least 1 cm of staining is presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Although not all saphenous nerves were sonographically identified, their boundaries were defined as cranial to the femoral artery, lateral to the sartorius muscle, and medial to the vastus medialis and rectus femoris muscles, within the perivascular fat. During anatomical dissection, the overall dye solution distribution was graded as complete in 17/22 limbs indicating a 77.3% success rate [95% CI (0.598, 0.948)], partial in 3/22 limbs and failed in 2/22 limbs. CONCLUSIONS The success rate of this study indicates the feasibility of employing the ultrasound-guided technique to perform saphenous nerve block in goats. However, further in-vivo studies are recommended to assess the block's clinical efficacy before implementation on clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Torruella
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland.
| | - Antonella Puggioni
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Bruno Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Pieter Brama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Vilhelmiina Huuskonen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
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2
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Sheedy DB, Aly SS, Tucker CB, Lehenbauer TW. The history and future of the cornual nerve block for calf disbudding. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:305-309. [PMID: 39220846 PMCID: PMC11365352 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Disbudding damages the germinal horn bud cells and prevents subsequent horn growth in young calves. Hot-iron cautery or caustic paste are the most common disbudding techniques and are unequivocally painful procedures. An important technique in controlling the acute pain experienced during disbudding is the cornual nerve block (CNB) that uses a local anesthetic agent and targets a branch of the trigeminal cranial nerve, the zygomaticotemporal nerve, as it travels along the temporal groove of the skull. Though CNB have been used since 1932, practitioners have reported variability in achieving full desensitization of the horn bud region since its inception. This failure may have led to the establishment of variations in the CNB technique, without consensus on a reliable and repeatable approach. Reasons for CNB failures may include technical errors by the practitioner, such as an injection into subcutaneous or deep muscle bodies; biologically important path variations in the zygomaticotemporal nerve and its cornual branches; and secondary innervation of the horn bud region, particularly the cornual branches of the infratrochlear nerve. Further investigation into documenting and understanding CNB failure and alternatives, such as regional perfusion, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Sheedy
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Tulare, CA 93274
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - Sharif S. Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Tulare, CA 93274
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Tulare, CA 95616
| | - Cassandra B. Tucker
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Terry W. Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Tulare, CA 93274
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Tulare, CA 95616
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3
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Hernández-Arvizu EE, Asada M, Kawazu SI, Vega CA, Rodríguez-Torres A, Morales-García R, Pavón-Rocha AJ, León-Ávila G, Rivas-Santiago B, Mosqueda J. Antiparasitic Evaluation of Aquiluscidin, a Cathelicidin Obtained from Crotalus aquilus, and the Vcn-23 Derivative Peptide against Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and B. ovata. Pathogens 2024; 13:496. [PMID: 38921794 PMCID: PMC11206629 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Babesiosis is a growing concern due to the increased prevalence of this infectious disease caused by Babesia protozoan parasites, affecting various animals and humans. With rising worries over medication side effects and emerging drug resistance, there is a notable shift towards researching babesiacidal agents. Antimicrobial peptides, specifically cathelicidins known for their broad-spectrum activity and immunomodulatory functions, have emerged as potential candidates. Aquiluscidin, a cathelicidin from Crotalus aquilus, and its derivative Vcn-23, have been of interest due to their previously observed antibacterial effects and non-hemolytic activity. This work aimed to characterize the effect of these peptides against three Babesia species. Results showed Aquiluscidin's significant antimicrobial effects on Babesia species, reducing the B. bigemina growth rate and exhibiting IC50 values of 14.48 and 20.70 μM against B. ovata and B. bovis, respectively. However, its efficacy was impacted by serum presence in culture, and it showed no inhibition against a B. bovis strain grown in serum-supplemented medium. Conversely, Vcn-23 did not demonstrate babesiacidal activity. In conclusion, Aquiluscidin shows antibabesia activity in vitro and its efficacy is affected by the presence of serum in the culture medium. Nevertheless, this peptide represents a candidate for further investigation of its antiparasitic properties and provides insights into potential alternatives for the treatment of babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Esaú Hernández-Arvizu
- Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (E.E.H.-A.); (R.M.-G.); (A.J.P.-R.)
- PhD Program in Natural Sciences, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Masahito Asada
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medcine, Inadacho, Nishi 2-13, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.A.); (S.-I.K.)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kawazu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medcine, Inadacho, Nishi 2-13, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan; (M.A.); (S.-I.K.)
| | - Carlos Agustín Vega
- Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (C.A.V.); (A.R.-T.)
| | - Angelina Rodríguez-Torres
- Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (C.A.V.); (A.R.-T.)
| | - Rodrigo Morales-García
- Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (E.E.H.-A.); (R.M.-G.); (A.J.P.-R.)
| | - Aldo J. Pavón-Rocha
- Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (E.E.H.-A.); (R.M.-G.); (A.J.P.-R.)
| | - Gloria León-Ávila
- Department of Zoology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, C.P. 11340, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Medical Research Unit Zacatecas-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98053, Mexico;
| | - Juan Mosqueda
- Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico; (E.E.H.-A.); (R.M.-G.); (A.J.P.-R.)
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4
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Tschoner T, Mueller KR, Zablotski Y, Feist M. Pain Assessment in Cattle by Use of Numerical Rating and Visual Analogue Scales-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:351. [PMID: 38275811 PMCID: PMC10812761 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjective pain assessment in cattle is contingent upon the observer's experience and attitude. Studies of pain assessment in cattle by veterinarians and farmers using different pain scales have been published. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe and compare the pain scores given by veterinarians and producers for different procedures and conditions using either a NRS or VAS. The literature search was conducted with PubMed (MEDLINE) and Agricola, using defined search terms (e.g., peer-reviewed). A total of 842 articles were identified. After screening of duplicates, abstracts, and full texts, a total of 16 articles were included in this systematic review. Different pain scales were used for the included studies (NRS 0-10 for eight studies, NRS 1-10 for six studies, NRS 1-10 and VAS 0-10 for one study, and VAS 0-1 for one study). Most studies (n = 11) originated from the European Union. Mean values for pain scores differed significantly between studies included in the meta-analysis for both NRS 0-10 and 1-10. The findings of this study indicated that comparison of pain scoring used in different studies is difficult due to use of different pain scales and varying nomenclature, and that many variables (such as age and gender) influence pain scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tschoner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (Y.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Kristina R. Mueller
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (Y.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (Y.Z.); (M.F.)
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5
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Ruíz‐López P, Felisberto R, Haardt H, Martens A, Schauvliege S. Ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve block in two alpacas (
Vicugna pacos
) as part of an anaesthesia plan for hindlimb fractures. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ruíz‐López
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium
| | | | - Hanna Haardt
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Ann Martens
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ghent Merelbeke Belgium
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6
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Gomez‐Martinez MI, Kumaratunga V, Khenissi L. Use of bupivacaine‐infused absorbable gelatin haemostatic sponge following eye enucleation in a corn snake. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vim Kumaratunga
- Small Animal Referral Hospital Langford Vets, University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Queen Mother Hospital for Small Animals. Royal Veterinary College University of London London UK
| | - Latifa Khenissi
- Small Animal Referral Hospital Langford Vets, University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Rainbow Equine Hospital, Old Malton Malton UK
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7
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Zhang R, Lian Y, Xie K, Cai Y, Pan Y, Zhu Y. Ropivacaine suppresses tumor biological characteristics of human hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9162-9173. [PMID: 34696683 PMCID: PMC8810031 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ropivacaine, a common local anesthetic in the clinic, has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in numerous cancers, however, the underlying regulatory mechanism of ropivacaine in hepatocellular carcinoma remains unclear. In the current study, human HepG2 cells were stimulated with different ropivacaine concentrations. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, cell colony formation, and cell cycle were used to monitor cell viability. Cell apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by flow cytometry and transwell assays. Tumor xenograft experiments were performed to prove the anti-cancer effect of ropivacaine in vivo. A high dose of ropivacaine inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Ropivacaine challenge also arrested cells in the G2 phase, followed by a decline in the protein expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and an increase in p27 levels in HepG2 cells. Additionally, different ropivacaine doses suppressed cell migration and invasion by upregulating E-cadherin expression and downregulating N-cadherin expression. Mechanically, ropivacaine challenge gradually restrained insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1 R) expression and the activities of phosphorylated-PI3K, AKT, and mTOR in HepG2 cells with increased ropivacaine doses. In the tumor xenograft experiment, ropivacaine was confirmed to inhibit tumor growth, accompanied by inhibition of the IGF-1 R/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis. In conclusion, ropivacaine suppressed tumor biological characteristics and promoted apoptosis, resulting in the suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting the IGF-1 R/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. It is possible that ropivacaine-mediated local anesthesia may be developed as a novel surgical adjuvant drug for treating hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangjie Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfang Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yafei Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuntian Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Imani Rastabi H, Mirzajani R, Givi ME, Mohammadpoor M. Comparison of intravenous regional anaesthesia with lidocaine and ropivacaine in dogs. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2135-2143. [PMID: 34388307 PMCID: PMC8604136 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to compare the effects of lidocaine and ropivacaine in intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA) in dogs. Twelve adult male dogs were used. Under isoflurane anaesthesia, exsanguination was performed in the target forelimb. Then, a blood pressure cuff was encircled around the limb proximal to the elbow joint with a pressure of approximately 150 mmHg above the mean arterial blood pressure. The animals then received one of the two treatments of lidocaine (3 mg/kg) or ropivacaine (1.5 mg/kg) with a final volume of 0.6 mL/kg into the cephalic vein. After 60 min, the anaesthesia was disrupted and the tourniquet was removed using intermittent opening (30 s) and closing (5 min) manner for three times. The results revealed that at 20 and 30 min after the initiation of IVRA, the dogs in ROP showed higher analgesia than LID. A leakage under the tourniquet during IVRA was detected. Tremor and hypersalivation were observed after tourniquet removal in some dogs. It was concluded that ropivacaine might provide a higher quality of anaesthesia than lidocaine in IVRA in dogs. The development of local anaesthetic toxicity is a major concern and should be considered at the time of tourniquet removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Imani Rastabi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Mirzajani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ezzati Givi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadpoor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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9
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Lidocaine and bupivacaine as part of multimodal pain management in a C57BL/6J laparotomy mouse model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10918. [PMID: 34035397 PMCID: PMC8149411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While the use of local anesthesia as part of multimodal pain management is common practice in human and veterinarian surgery, these drugs are not applied routinely in rodent surgery. Several recommendations on the use of local anesthesia exist, but systematic studies on their efficacy and side effects are lacking. In the present study, male and female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a sham vasectomy or a sham embryo transfer, respectively. We tested whether a mixture of subcutaneously injected Lidocaine and Bupivacaine in combination with systemic Paracetamol applied via drinking water results in superior pain relief when compared to treatment with local anesthesia or Paracetamol alone. We applied a combination of methods to assess behavioral, emotional, and physiological changes indicative of pain. Voluntary Paracetamol intake via drinking water reached the target dosage of 200 mg/kg in most animals. Local anesthesia did not lead to obvious side effects such as irregular wound healing or systemic disorders. No relevant sex differences were detected in our study. Sevoflurane anesthesia and surgery affected physiological and behavioral measurements. Surprisingly, Paracetamol treatment alone significantly increased the Mouse Grimace Scale. Taken together, mice treated with a combination of local anesthesia and systemic analgesia did not show fewer signs of post-surgical pain or improved recovery compared to animals treated with either local anesthesia or Paracetamol.
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10
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Arteaga K, Crasta M. Successful treatment of distichiasis in a cow using a direct-contact 810-nm diode laser. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1164-1168. [PMID: 33880805 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the use of direct-contact diode laser as a new treatment for distichiasis. STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMALS A 2-month-old Italian Friesian calf with bilateral excessive tearing and corneal opacification was presented to the Visionvet Eye Clinic. Abnormalities on ophthalmic examination included epiphora, seromucous discharge, bilateral distichiasis and secondary chronic keratitis affecting both eyes. METHODS Distichiae were surgically removed after insertion of the 810-nm diode laser tip into the associated meibomian gland. RESULTS Clinical signs gradually improved postoperatively with minimal and transient post-operative complications. Ophthalmic examination was within normal limits 6 months later beyond distichiae. CONCLUSION Treatment of distichiasis with direct-contact 810-nm diode laser resulted in long-term resolution of signs in the case described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Arteaga
- Visionvet, Eye Clinic, San Giovanni in Persiceto, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Crasta
- Visionvet, Eye Clinic, San Giovanni in Persiceto, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Martin S, López AM, Morales M, Morales I, Tejedor-Junco MT, Corbera JA. Rumenotomy in small ruminants – a review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1894156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martin
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Food and Science Technology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Adassa María López
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Food and Science Technology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Food and Science Technology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Morales
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Food and Science Technology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Corbera
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Food and Science Technology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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12
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Gómez Fernández L, Niimura Del Barrio MC, Loughran C. Use of adrenaline continuous infusion to treat hypotension during general anaesthesia in a cow and a calf. Ir Vet J 2020; 73:13. [PMID: 32637073 PMCID: PMC7333263 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-020-00164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypotension is one of the most common complications observed during inhalation anaesthesia in veterinary patients. Treatment of hypotension in cattle is more challenging than in other species, owing to the limited number of drugs licensed in food producing animals. The use of adrenaline as an infusion to support blood pressure has not been described previously in bovines. Case presentation A cow and a calf presented to University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital for bilateral mandibular fracture repair and bladder rupture repair respectively, developed severe anaesthetic related hypotension unresponsive to conventional treatments. In both cases an adrenaline infusion was started and slowly increased to effect, with infusion rates ranging from 0.01 to 0.25 μg/kg/min. Blood pressure increased as the adrenaline infusion rate increased, but clinically significant improvements in blood pressure were only observed with infusion rates exceeding 0.05 μg/kg/min. The side effect observed with adrenaline infusion was an increase in plasma lactate levels in both cases. Both animals were euthanised due to non-anaesthetic related complications. Conclusions Maintenance of normotension is important during bovine anaesthesia to prevent the development of post-anaesthetic complications. In the cases described here, adrenaline was effective as an additional treatment of anaesthetic related hypotension. Further research is required to establish the recommended infusion rates, cardiovascular effects and possible side effects of adrenaline infusion administration as a treatment for hypotension in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gómez Fernández
- UCD Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Eircode: D04 V1W8 Ireland
| | | | - Claire Loughran
- UCD Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Eircode: D04 V1W8 Ireland
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13
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Mattos-Junior E, Flaherty D, Nishimura LT, Carregaro AB, de Carvalho LL. Clinical effects of epidurally administered dexmedetomidine with or without lidocaine in sheep. Vet Rec 2019; 186:534. [PMID: 31879322 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were evaluate cardiopulmonary, sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine-lidocaine combination via lumbosacral epidural injection in sheep. METHODS Six Santa Inês breed sheep, 16±6 months old and weighing 42.2 ± 5.7 kg were used. Sheep were subjected to epidural anaesthesia with three treatments: L, lidocaine (1.2 mg/kg), D, dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg/kg) or DL, dexmedetomidine plus lidocaine (2.5 μg/kg + 1.2 mg/kg). Drugs were injected via pre-placed lumbosacral epidural catheters. Cardiopulmonary, arterial blood gases, electrolytes, degree of sedation and antinociceptive aspects were measured before drug administration (T0) and then at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after drug injection (T15-T120) in all treatments and at T0 to T240 in DL. RESULTS There were significantly increases in PaCO2 at times T60 and T120 in D, and at T30-T120 in DL, compared to baseline. The antinociceptive effects were observed up to 240 min in DL and 60 min in L, and were more intense in DL. Treatment D provided analgesia only in the perineal region, and only at T15. CONCLUSION The combination of DEX with lidocaine produced similar cardiopulmonary changes compared with either drug alone, but with greater and more prolonged antinociceptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewaldo Mattos-Junior
- Veterinary Science Undergraduate Program, University of Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Derek Flaherty
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists LLP, Ringwood, UK
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Schuh B, Lera K, Paula L, Prado I, Pagliosa G. Prolapso retal em pequenos ruminantes: etiologia, técnicas anestésicas e cirúrgicas e evolução clínica em 12 animais - relato de caso. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Este relato descreve o prolapso retal de grau II intermitente ou permanente em nove ovinos e três caprinos. Para se estabelecer e tratar a causa primária, o histórico clínico foi minuciosamente explorado, sendo complementado pelo atendimento a campo. Nos pacientes predominou sobrepeso e tosse devido à pneumonia e, em menor proporção, verminose e prenhez. Entre os fatores predisponentes identificados na propriedade estavam a inadequada ventilação e o excesso de poeira e amônia nas instalações, o que foi associado à prevalência alta de pneumonia. O tratamento incluiu a redução manual (T1) ou a amputação retal (T2), mediante anestesia epidural sacrococcígea ou lombossacral, respectivamente, com ou sem neuroleptoanalgesia, seguidas de sutura perianal em bolsa de tabaco captonada. Os tratamentos foram eficazes em todos os animais, embora com recidiva e necessidade de nova intervenção em dois pacientes após seu retorno à propriedade. Segundo a literatura consultada, este é o primeiro relato de prolapso em caprinos. Conclui-se que o histórico e a avaliação da propriedade são importantes para identificar e tratar a causa primária do prolapso, evitando-se recidivas, e que a cirurgia e o protocolo anestésico aqui utilizados foram eficientes e podem ser praticados mesmo em condições de campo.
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Pathogenesis and Treatment of Toe Lesions in Cattle Including "Nonhealing" Toe Lesions. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2017; 33:301-328. [PMID: 28579046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toe lesions in cattle include apical white line disease, thin soles, toe ulcers, toe necrosis, digital dermatitis-associated toe ulcers/toe necrosis, and fracture of the claw capsule and the apex of the distal phalanx. For anatomic reasons, the early stages of toe abnormalities (thin sole, apical white line disease, toe ulcer) are at risk of developing into a bone infection. The prevalence of toe lesions differs in dairy herds and feedlots: it is low at the animal level in feedlots and dairies; however, the herd prevalence of toe lesions can reach 50% in dairy herds with endemic digital dermatitis infection.
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Callan RJ, Applegate TJ. Temporary Rumenostomy for the Treatment of Forestomach Diseases and Enteral Nutrition. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2017; 33:525-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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