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Tschoner T, Mueller KR, Zablotski Y, Feist M. Pain Assessment in Cattle by Use of Numerical Rating and Visual Analogue Scales-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:351. [PMID: 38275811 PMCID: PMC10812761 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Subjective pain assessment in cattle is contingent upon the observer's experience and attitude. Studies of pain assessment in cattle by veterinarians and farmers using different pain scales have been published. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe and compare the pain scores given by veterinarians and producers for different procedures and conditions using either a NRS or VAS. The literature search was conducted with PubMed (MEDLINE) and Agricola, using defined search terms (e.g., peer-reviewed). A total of 842 articles were identified. After screening of duplicates, abstracts, and full texts, a total of 16 articles were included in this systematic review. Different pain scales were used for the included studies (NRS 0-10 for eight studies, NRS 1-10 for six studies, NRS 1-10 and VAS 0-10 for one study, and VAS 0-1 for one study). Most studies (n = 11) originated from the European Union. Mean values for pain scores differed significantly between studies included in the meta-analysis for both NRS 0-10 and 1-10. The findings of this study indicated that comparison of pain scoring used in different studies is difficult due to use of different pain scales and varying nomenclature, and that many variables (such as age and gender) influence pain scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tschoner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (Y.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Kristina R. Mueller
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (Y.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (Y.Z.); (M.F.)
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Rittweg N, Stock A, Jensen KC, Merle R, Stoll A, Feist M, Müller KE, Hoedemaker M, Oehm AW. Associations of cow and farm characteristics with cow-level lameness using data from an extensive cross-sectional study across 3 structurally different dairy regions in Germany. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9287-9303. [PMID: 37641258 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between milk recording data, body condition score (BCS), housing factors, management factors, and lameness in freestall-housed dairy cows in 3 structurally different regions in Germany. These regions substantially vary regarding herd size, breeds, access to pasture, farm management (family run or company owned), and percentage of organic farms. The data used was collected in a large cross-sectional study from 2016 to 2019. A total of 58,144 cows from 651 farms in 3 regions of Germany (North, East, and South) was scored for locomotion and body condition. Additionally, data on milk yield, milk composition, breed, age, as well as information on housing and management were retrieved. One mixed-logistic regression model was fitted per region to evaluate the association of the data with the target variable "lame" and to allow for a comprehensive reflection across different kinds of farming types. In all regions, undercondition (BCS lower than recommended for the lactation stage; North: odds ratio [OR] 2.15, CI 1.96-2.34; East: OR 2.66, CI 2.45-2.88; South: OR 2.45, CI 2.01-2.98) and mid-lactation stage (102-204 d in milk; North: OR 1.15, CI 1.05-1.27; East: OR 1.24, CI 1.17-1.32; South: OR 1.38, CI 1.18-1.62) were associated with higher odds for lameness, whereas overcondition (BCS higher than recommended for the lactation stage; North: OR 0.51, CI 0.44-0.60; East: OR 0.51, CI 0.48-0.54; South: OR 0.65, CI 0.54-0.77) and parity of 1 or 2 was associated with lower odds (parity 1 = North: OR 0.32, CI 0.29-0.35; East: OR 0.19, CI 0.18-0.20; South: OR 0.28, CI 0.24-0.33; parity 2 = North: OR 0.51, CI 0.47-0.46; East: OR 0.41, CI 0.39-0.44; South: OR 0.49, CI 0.42-0.57), irrespective of the regional production characteristics. Low energy-corrected milk yield was associated with higher odds for lameness in South and North (North: OR 1.16, CI 1.05-1.27; South: OR 1.43, CI 1.22-1.69). Further factors such as pasture access for cows (North: OR 0.64, CI 0.50-0.82; and South: OR 0.65, CI 0.47-0.88), milk protein content (high milk protein content = North: OR 1.34, CI 1.18-1.52; East: OR 1.17, CI 1.08-1.28; low milk protein content = North: OR 0.79, CI 0.71-0.88; East: OR 0.84, CI 0.79-0.90), and breed (lower odds for "other" [other breeds than German Simmental and German Holstein] in East [OR 0.47, CI 0.42-0.53] and lower odds both for German Holstein and "other" in South [German Holstein: OR 0.62, CI 0.43-0.90; other: OR 0.46, CI 0.34 - 0.62]) were associated with lameness in 2 regions, respectively. The risk of ketosis (higher odds in North: OR 1.11, CI 1.01-1.22) and somatic cell count (higher odds in East: increased (>39.9 cells × 1,000/mL): OR 1.10; CI 1.03-1.17; high (>198.5 cells × 1,000/mL): OR 1.08; CI 1.01-1.06) altered the odds for lameness in 1 region, respectively. Cows from organic farms had lower odds for lameness in all 3 regions (North: OR 0.18, CI 0.11-0.32; East: OR 0.39, CI 0.28-0.56; South: OR 0.45, CI 0.29-0.68). As the dairy production systems differed substantially between the different regions, the results of this study can be viewed as representative for a wide variety of loose-housed dairy systems in Europe and North America. The consistent association between low BCS and lameness in all regions aligns with the previous literature. Our study also suggests that risk factors for lameness can differ between geographically regions, potentially due to differences in which dairy production system is predominantly used and that region-specific characteristics should be taken into account in comparable future projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rittweg
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Annegret Stock
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Charlotte Jensen
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany; Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Stoll
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Kerstin-Elisabeth Müller
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas W Oehm
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
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Freigang C, Jensen KC, Campe A, Feist M, Öhm A, Klawitter M, Stock A, Hoedemaker M. Hock Lesions in Dairy Cows in Cubicle Housing Systems in Germany: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2919. [PMID: 37760318 PMCID: PMC10525860 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hock lesions in dairy cows are an important indicator of animal welfare, in particular housing conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hock lesions in dairy cows kept in cubicle housing systems in three structurally different regions of Germany and to derive recommendations from risk factor analyses. Lactating and dry cows kept in cubicle housing systems were assessed for hock lesions (north: 206 farms with 20,792 cows; south: 156 farms with 8050 cows; east: 192 farms with 37,839 cows). Risk factor analyses were conducted using multi-factorial logistic regression models. The median prevalence of hock lesions (hairless patches, wounds, and/or swelling) at farm level was 79.8% (SD: 25.0; north), 66.2% (SD: 31.0; south), and 78.5% (SD: 26.3; east). The mean prevalence of severe hock lesions (wounds and/or swelling) at farm level was 12.5% (SD: 11.3; north), 8.0% (SD: 13.5; south), and 14.4% (SD: 17.9; east). Cows kept in pens with rubber mats or mattresses (with or without a small amount of litter) had a particularly higher chance of hock lesions compared with cows kept in pens with deep-bedded cubicles (OR: north: 3.1 [2.3-4.2]; south: 8.7 [5.9-13.0], east: 2.0 [1.7-2.4]). The study showed that hock lesions are a widespread problem on German dairy farms with cubicle housing systems. Deep-bedded cubicles are likely to reduce hock lesions and increase cows' comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Freigang
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (C.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Katharina Charlotte Jensen
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (C.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Amely Campe
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing (IBEI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Öhm
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Klawitter
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annegret Stock
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (C.F.); (M.H.)
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Breuer W, Hafner-Marx A, Kupca A, Feist M, Müller K. Multiple hyperplastic colon polyps in a cow. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2022; 164:801-804. [DOI: 10.17236/sat00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abele GE, Zablotski Y, Feist M, Jensen KC, Stock A, Campe A, Merle R, Oehm AW. Prevalence of and factors associated with swellings of the ribs in tie stall housed dairy cows in Germany. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269726. [PMID: 35839225 PMCID: PMC9286234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Swellings of the ribs result from severe injury and affected animals are subjected to considerable and prolonged pain and suffering. The knowledge on rib swellings in dairy cows has yet been very limited. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the prevalence of rib swellings in tie stall housed dairy cows in Germany as well as at identifying associated factors. Mean animal-level prevalence of rib swellings for 2,134 cows was 7.54% with a mean of 7.00% on farm level (range 0.00% - 37.49%). Multivariable mixed logistic regression models including nested random effects were built and factors associated with swellings of the ribs were evaluated for 1,740 dairy cows on 96 farms in Germany. Out of the initial 22 predictors, 8 factors were selected for the final model. Managing dairy cows on a part-time basis (OR 0.49 [CI 0.25–0.98]) appeared to decrease the odds for rib swellings compared with full-time farming. Cattle breeds other than Simmental entailed lower odds for rib swellings (OR 0.29 [CI 0.14–0.59]). Lame cows (OR 2.59 [CI 1.71–3.93]) and cows with wounds and/or swellings of the hocks (OR 2.77 [CI 1.32–5.84]) had more than two times the odds for rib swellings compared with sound animals. The results of the present study can help raising awareness of rib swellings in dairy cows and contribute to the body of evidence on this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta E. Abele
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - K. Charlotte Jensen
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annegret Stock
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amely Campe
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Oehm
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Tschoner T, Zablotski Y, Feist M. Retrospective Evaluation of Method of Treatment, Laboratory Findings, and Concurrent Diseases in Dairy Cattle Diagnosed with Left Displacement of the Abomasum during Time of Hospitalization. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131649. [PMID: 35804548 PMCID: PMC9265103 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) is a disease often diagnosed in high-producing dairy cattle, resulting in direct and in indirect costs for the farmer, and discomfort and death for the cows. For the present retrospective study, the aims were to assess the effect of treatment on recovery during the time of hospitalization of the cows, to investigate the influence of concurrent diseases on the recovery, and to identify prognostic indicators in laboratory findings. Metritis/endometritis (38.4% of cows) was the concurrent disease diagnosed most often. Conservative treatment (abomasal rolling) was performed successfully in 92.8% of cows; the recurrence rate was 56.7%. Neither treatment with an oral drench nor treatment with analgesics had any influence on the recurrence of LDA following abomasal rolling during hospitalization. Endoscopic abomasopexy as described by Janowitz was performed more often than right flank laparotomy (40.8% and 40.2%, respectively). A significantly (p < 0.01) higher number of cows had the outcome “recovery” compared with “death”. The results of this study show that the outcome after surgery for LDA under clinical conditions does not depend on the method of surgery. Moreover, cows with LDA often suffer from concurrent diseases. If conservative treatment is decided on, farmers should be informed that there is a high recurrence rate, and other treatment options should be discussed.
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Tschoner T, Feist M. Substance P concentrations in the blood plasma and serum of adult cattle and calves during different painful procedures and conditions - a systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:232. [PMID: 35717202 PMCID: PMC9206354 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain in cattle is a major welfare problem, as cattle mask their pain. Subjective and objective parameters to assess pain in cattle have been described. Among the objective parameters to evaluate pain in cattle is substance P (SP). SP is a neurotransmitter, which is involved in the processing of noxious information to the brain; it seems to be a more objective indicator for nociception than cortisol, which has long been used as a biomarker for pain and stress in cattle. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the existing literature about SP during painful procedures, conditions, and diseases in cattle in form of a systematic review. Results Following the PRISMA statement, 36 out of 236 studies were included in this systematic review. Study design, grouping, age and weight of animals, processing of blood samples for the assessment of SP, and results were heterogenous. The largest number of studies originated from the United States of America and Canada and were published in 2018. A higher number of studies were done on calves (69.4%, n = 25) compared with adult cattle (30.6%, n = 11). Most studies were done to assess SP concentrations after administration of analgesics prior to husbandry procedures in calves. Conclusions There is a manageable number of studies assessing SP concentrations during painful procedures, conditions, and diseases in cattle. SP seems to be a suitable biomarker for nociception in cattle, but results of research work are heterogenous, and SP concentrations of calves and adult cattle differ throughout studies. Basic research work is missing and is needed to assess factors others than nociception which might influence the SP concentrations in the blood plasma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03304-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tschoner
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Jensen KC, Oehm AW, Campe A, Stock A, Woudstra S, Feist M, Müller KE, Hoedemaker M, Merle R. German Farmers' Awareness of Lameness in Their Dairy Herds. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:866791. [PMID: 35400109 PMCID: PMC8987770 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.866791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is one of the most challenging problems in the dairy industry. Control is impeded because farmers often underestimate the number of lame cows. The objectives of this study were to assess German farmers' awareness of lameness in their herds and to determine the associations between farmers' awareness and their management practices, farm characteristics as well as with farmers' education, personality traits and attitudes. As a part of a large cross-sectional study, veterinarians visited farms in three structurally different regions of Germany: north (n = 253), east (n = 252), and south (n = 260). The cows (n = 84,998) were scored for locomotion and farmers were asked to estimate the number of cows that were lame or did not walk soundly. The ratio of farmers' estimated prevalence and the veterinarians' observed prevalence (Farmer's Detection Index; FDI) was calculated. The median lameness prevalence assessed by the veterinarians was 23.1, 39.1, and 23.2%, and the median prevalence of lame cows estimated by the farmers was 9.5, 9.5, and 7.1% in the north, east, and south, respectively. On average, farmers were conscious of only 45.3% (north), 24.0% (east), and 30.0% (south) of their lame cows. Farmers managing their herds according to organic principles had a higher FDI than farmers who managed their herds conventionally. Surprisingly, no significant associations between FDI and factors concerning claw health management could be detected. Therefore, increased awareness did not seem to be necessarily linked to improved management. Moreover, the FDI was not significantly associated with farmers' education or herd size. In the south, more extraverted farmers had a lower FDI. Those farmers who totally agreed with the statement, “I am satisfied with my herd's health,” had a lower FDI than farmers who disagreed or were undecided. Moreover, farmers who disagreed or were undecided with the statement, “It affects me to see a cow in pain” had a higher FDI than those farmers who agreed to the statement. The results indicate that poor awareness of lameness was linked to the farmers' attitude and personality. Therefore, new approaches concerning the consultation regarding lameness control, such as the use of Motivational Interviewing, might be useful in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Charlotte Jensen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katharina Charlotte Jensen
| | - Andreas W. Oehm
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amely Campe
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing (IBEI), WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annegret Stock
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svenja Woudstra
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Elisabeth Müller
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Fux D, Metzner M, Brandl J, Feist M, Behrendt-Wippermann M, von Thaden A, Baumgartner C. Pharmacokinetics of metamizole (dipyrone) as an add-on in calves undergoing umbilical surgery. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265305. [PMID: 35290991 PMCID: PMC8923478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This preliminary clinical investigation of the pharmacokinetic behavior of the main metamizole (dipyrone) metabolites 4-methylaminoantipyrine (4-MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) in calves undergoing umbilical surgery is part of an already published main study. A single intravenous dose of metamizole was added to ketamine/xylazine/isoflurane anesthesia. Eight Simmental calves weighing 90 ± 10.8 kg and aged 47.6 ± 10.4 days received 40 mg/kg metamizole intravenously 10 minutes prior to general anesthesia. Blood samples were collected over 24 hours and analyzed for 4-MAA and 4-AA. Meloxicam was additionally given twice: 2.5 hours pre- and 20.5 hours postsurgically. The pharmacokinetic profile of 4-MAA was best fitted to a two-compartment model and was characterized by a fast distribution half-life and slow elimination half-life (t½alpha = 5.29 minutes, t½beta = 9.49 hours). The maximum concentration (Cmax 101.63 μg/mL) was detected at the first measurement time point 15 minutes after administration. In contrast, 4-AA showed fast, high and biphasic plasma peak concentration behavior in five calves (2.54–2.66 μg/mL after 15–30 minutes, and 2.10–2.14 μg/mL after 2–3.5 hours) with a t½beta of 8.87 hours, indicating a rapid distribution and subsequent redistribution from well-perfused organs. Alternatively, three calves exhibited a slower and lower monophasic plasma peak concentration (1.66 μg/mL after 6.5 hours) with a t½beta of 6.23 hours, indicating slow accumulation in the intravascular compartment. The maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of 4-AA were lower than those of 4-MAA. This metabolic behavior supports our already published data on clinical monitoring and plasma cortisol concentrations (PCCs). Compared to those of saline controls, lower PCCs correspond to the t½alpha of 4-MAA. Data on Tmax and t½beta also match these clinical observations. However, further studies are required to assess the exact analgesic mechanism and potency of the metamizole metabolites in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fux
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz Metzner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Johanna Brandl
- Center of Preclinical Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Magdalena Behrendt-Wippermann
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Oberschleißheim, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Anne von Thaden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christine Baumgartner
- Center of Preclinical Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Oehm AW, Merle R, Tautenhahn A, Jensen KC, Mueller KE, Feist M, Zablotski Y. Identifying cow - level factors and farm characteristics associated with locomotion scores in dairy cows using cumulative link mixed models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263294. [PMID: 35089972 PMCID: PMC8797239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lameness is a tremendous problem in intensively managed dairy herds all over the world. It has been associated with considerable adverse effects on animal welfare and economic viability. The majority of studies have evaluated factors associated with gait disturbance by categorising cows into lame and non-lame. This procedure yet entails a loss of information and precision. In the present study, we extend the binomial response to five categories acknowledging the ordered categorical nature of locomotion assessments, which conserves a higher level of information. A cumulative link mixed modelling approach was used to identify factors associated with increasing locomotion scores. The analysis revealed that a low body condition, elevated somatic cell count, more severe hock lesions, increasing parity, absence of pasture access, and poor udder cleanliness were relevant variables associated with higher locomotion scores. Furthermore, distinct differences in the locomotion scores assigned were identified in regard to breed, observer, and season. Using locomotion scores rather than a dichotomised response variable uncovers more refined relationships between gait disturbances and associated factors. This will help to understand the intricate nature of gait disturbances in dairy cows more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W. Oehm
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annegret Tautenhahn
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Charlotte Jensen
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin-Elisabeth Mueller
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Wang R, Feist M, Guo Z, Felsenstein M, Reutzel-Selke A, Pratschke J, Sauer I. 130P IL-2-armed oncolytic vaccinia virus exerts potent antitumor effects in human pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Lozzi Da Costa I, Sinn B, Arnold A, Andreou A, Felsenstein M, Schirmeier A, Reutzel-Selke A, Pratschke J, Sauer I, Feist M. 177P TP53 and PRBM1 mutations predict “hot” tumor microenvironment in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoima. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.10.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Tschoner T, Zablotski Y, Feist M. Retrospective Evaluation of Claw Lesions, Inflammatory Markers, and Outcome after Abomasal Rolling in Cattle with Left Displacement of the Abomasum. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061648. [PMID: 34206142 PMCID: PMC8229859 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is often diagnosed in cattle with left displacement of the abomasum (LDA). Laterality of lying has an effect on the etiology of LDA, and lame cows prefer to lie on the affected limb. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between laterality of claw lesion and presence of LDA. The medical records of 252 cattle presented with a diagnosis of LDA and subjected to a diagnostic examination of claw lesions over a period of 11 years (2009-2019), were analyzed retrospectively. Data were evaluated for presence and localization of claw lesion, concentrations of inflammatory markers, and abomasal rolling as therapy. At least one claw lesion was diagnosed in 46.4% of cattle. There was no association between laterality of claw lesion and LDA. Presence of claw lesion or oral drench and/or analgesic treatment did not have an effect on occurrence of relapse. A high number of cattle was diagnosed with both LDA and claw lesions. Focus should lie on preventing painful claw lesions in the dry and the early post-partum period. The high recurrence rate after abomasal rolling suggests that abomasal rolling should only be considered as a therapy for temporary relief, and surgical procedures should be discussed with farmers.
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Tschoner T, Sauter-Louis C, Peinhofer V, Feist M. Exploring the attitudes of Bavarian farmers towards pain in cattle and how they differ from the attitudes of bovine veterinarians. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e515. [PMID: 34047373 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of pain in cattle depends on the observer's experience and evaluation. Only a few studies compare veterinarians' and farmers' attitudes towards pain in cattle. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to 1097 cattle practitioners and 3750 farmers. Return rate was 26.2% for veterinarians and 15.4% for farmers, respectively. Respondents were asked to score the painfulness of procedures and diseases in cattle on a numerical rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable), to give their opinion about the use of analgesics during and after procedures, and to agree or disagree with given statements. RESULTS There were no significant differences between pain scores awarded by veterinarians and farmers, but significant differences in parameters both groups relied on for pain assessment. Farmers were less willing than veterinarians to use analgesia during and after procedures. There was no significant difference in the amount of money veterinarians thought farmers would spent on analgesia and farmers' actual statements. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that farmers and veterinarians assess pain severity similarly, but recognise pain differently and disagree in their opinion regarding the use of analgesics. The communication between both groups needs to be improved to ensure proper pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tschoner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Carola Sauter-Louis
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology (IfE), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Verena Peinhofer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Oehm AW, Jensen KC, Tautenhahn A, Mueller KE, Feist M, Merle R. Factors Associated With Lameness in Tie Stall Housed Dairy Cows in South Germany. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:601640. [PMID: 33426021 PMCID: PMC7793746 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.601640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness remains a major concern for animal welfare and productivity in modern dairy production. Even though a trend toward loose housing systems exists and the public expects livestock to be kept under conditions where freedom of movement and the expression of natural behavior are ensured, restrictive housing systems continue to be the predominant type of housing in some regions. Factors associated with lameness were evaluated by application of multiple logistic regression modeling on data of 1,006 dairy cows from 56 tie stall farms in Bavaria, South Germany. In this population, approximately every fourth cow was lame (24.44% of scored animals). The mean farm level prevalence of lameness was 23.28%. In total, 22 factors were analyzed regarding their association with lameness. A low Body Condition Score (BCS) (OR 1.54 [95%-CI 1.05-2.25]) as well as increasing parity (OR 1.41 [95%-CI 1.29-1.54]) entailed greater odds of lameness. Moreover, higher milk yield (OR 0.98 [95%-CI 0.96-1.00]) and organic farming (OR 0.48 [95%-0.25-0.92]) appeared to be protectively associated with lameness. Cows with hock injuries (OR 2.57 [95%-CI 1.41-4.67]) or with swellings of the ribs (OR 2.55 [95%-CI 1.53-4.23]) had higher odds of lameness. A similar association was observed for the contamination of the lower legs with distinct plaques of manure (OR 1.88 [95%-CI 1.14-3.10]). As a central aspect of tie stall housing, the length of the stalls was associated with lameness; with stalls of medium [(>158-171 cm) (OR 2.15 [95%-CI 1.29-3.58]) and short (≤158 cm) length (OR 4.07 [95%-CI 2.35-7.05]) increasing the odds compared with long stalls (>171 cm). These results can help both gaining knowledge on relevant factors associated with lameness as well as approaching the problem of dairy cow lameness in tie stall operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Oehm
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Annegret Tautenhahn
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin-Elisabeth Mueller
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants With Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Klein C, Feist M, Knubben-Schweizer G, Dobenecker B. Case of suspected theobromine poisoning in dairy cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:997-1001. [PMID: 33135216 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-yielding dairy cows collapsed and died displaying signs of a disturbed central nervous system (muscle tremor, convulsion) and a considerably reduced body condition score. An intense diagnostic screening did not allow to confirm a definite diagnosis. Therefore, further analyses including an evaluation of feeds and feeding were initiated. The herd was fed a total mixed ration (TMR) based on corn and grass silage of moderate nutritive value supplemented with various amounts of chocolate chips. In retrospect, the amount of chocolate chips added to the respective TMR batches could not be quantified. These chips were purchased from a company producing bakery and chocolate products for human consumption and added to the silage and therefore to the TMR in order to increase the energy intake of the animals. Because the TMR, which was fed during the time of the incidence, was no longer available, a sample of a later batch of silage was examined. The amount of chocolate chips was quantified (0.44% per fresh matter), and a theobromine analysis was performed in the chocolate chips of the available batch (69.7 mg/100 g fresh matter). Because of the possible link between chocolate intake and observed signs, an immediate cessation of using the chocolate chips was recommended in addition to an optimisation of the TMR, that is an increase of the energy density. Even though the theobromine intake during the time of the incidence is unknown and information about toxicity of theobromine in ruminants is limited, we suspect that the feeding of chocolate in this case caused all signs including the sudden death of the cows. Further reasons are that no differential diagnoses were established and the problems at the farm stopped after removing the chocolate from the TMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Klein
- Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Britta Dobenecker
- Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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Mayer C, Zablotski Y, Rieger A, Knubben-Schweizer G, Feist M. [Behavioural and physiological indicators of pain and distress in calves following tail docking]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2020; 48:328-337. [PMID: 33080656 DOI: 10.1055/a-1261-6346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to the German law on animal welfare (§ 6, section 3, No. 3), the prophylactic amputation of beef calves' tail end using elastic rubber rings requires authorities' permission. Removal of the tail end is performed in order to avoid tail tip necrosis. Other invasive management procedures such as dehorning and castration are associated with pain reactions and stress in calves. Also, more proximal docking of the tail between 2 vertebrae has a proven impact on the animal's wellbeing. However, little is known concerning the occurrence of pain and stress during docking the soft tail tip in beef calves. For this reason, this pilot study aimed to evaluate pain reactions of calves during tail docking using rubber rings. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen male Fleckvieh and Fleckvieh-crossbreed calves 8-10 weeks of age were involved using a double-blind study. On day 0, a rubber ring was placed 3 cm proximally to the tip of the tail in the calves in group A (amputation), whereas calves in the group K (control) underwent a similar control handling. Following the procedure, blood plasma concentrations of cortisol and substance P were determined by ELISA. Parameters concerning behavior and activity were collected using video-assisted observation and recording of pedometer data. RESULTS Treatment had no impact on substance P levels. The development of serum cortisol levels showed a decrease in group K compared to baseline values whereas cortisol levels remained constant in group A. On day 0, calves in group A exhibited higher step counts, tail shaking frequency as well as grooming of tail and hind quarters than calves in group K. CONCLUSION Increased step count may be interpreted as restlessness. Frequent tail shaking as well as repetitive tail and rear quarter grooming may be associated with unpleasant sensation of the rubber rings' pressure. Alterations in physiological behavior, as well as a constant level of cortisol on day 0 and day + 1 may be indicative for pain perception provoked by the rubber ring application. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the first place, improvement of animal welfare is warranted for a reduction in incidence of tail tip necrosis, especially taking husbandry conditions into account. However, if tail docking is deemed necessary, based on the presented results the administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is recommended in order to reduce peri-procedural pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mayer
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - Anna Rieger
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | | | - Melanie Feist
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Tschoner T, Sauter-Louis C, Peinhofer V, Feist M. Attitudes of Bavarian bovine veterinarians towards pain and pain management in cattle. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e90. [PMID: 32967935 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain recognition in cattle is difficult, but the control and treatment of pain are essential for animal welfare. Pain evaluation depends on the observer's experience and opinion, resulting in different approaches towards pain and the use of analgesics. METHODS A questionnaire to assess the attitudes of veterinarians towards pain and pain management in cattle was sent to 1097 bovine practitioners in Bavaria. Out of 287 returned questionnaires, 274 could be analysed. RESULTS Claw amputation, extirpation of the eye bulb and caesarean section were considered to be the most painful procedures in adult cattle, and castration, umbilical surgery and laparotomy in calves. Orthopaedic diseases like bone fractures or arthritis were estimated to be the most painful conditions in both cattle and calves, and ileus and meningitis in calves. Female veterinarians scored pain higher than their male colleagues. Even though 75.5 per cent of veterinarians stated that they used analgesics adequately, pain management during surgery was low, especially for castration and dehorning in calves. CONCLUSION Bavarian bovine veterinarians differ in their opinions about pain in cattle and the results of this study indicate that there a mismatch between their use of analgesics and the pain scores they awarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Tschoner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Carola Sauter-Louis
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology (IfE), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Verena Peinhofer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Metzner M, Behrendt-Wippermann M, Baumgartner C, Feist M, von Thaden A, Rieger A, Knubben-Schweizer G. Use of metamizole as an additional analgesic during umbilical surgery in calves. Vet Anaesth Analg 2020; 47:710-719. [PMID: 32792274 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of metamizole on physiologic variables in calves undergoing surgical extirpation of the navel during anaesthesia using xylazine, ketamine and isoflurane. STUDY DESIGN Double-blind, randomized trial. ANIMALS A total of 26 calves. METHODS Calves with uncomplicated umbilical hernias and otherwise clinically healthy were randomly allocated to one of two groups: the control group (CG) and metamizole group (MG). All calves were administered meloxicam (0.5 mg kg-1) intravenously (IV) 150 minutes before skin incision (SI). Animals were premedicated with xylazine (0.2 mg kg-1) intramuscularly 50 minutes before SI. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2 mg kg-1) IV 30 minutes before SI and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. MG calves were given metamizole (40 mg kg-1) IV 60 minutes before SI. CG calves were administered an equivalent volume of saline. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were recorded from 5 minutes before SI until the end of anaesthesia (60 minutes after SI). Blood samples for determination of the plasma cortisol concentration (PCC) were drawn 60 minutes before SI and at 5, 30, 60, 150, and 510 minutes after SI. RESULTS In both groups, PCC increased during surgery and decreased after surgery. PCC was consistently lower in MG than in CG and was significantly (p = 0.0026) lower at 150 minutes after SI in the MG. Overall, the mean PCC in MG was 10.9 nmol L-1 lower than that in CG (p = 0.01). In both groups, HR decreased during anaesthesia, whereas MAP increased, albeit with no statistically significant (p > 0.05) differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study results suggest that a single preoperative dose of metamizole may have a positive impact on intra- and immediate postoperative analgesia by reducing PCC when used as an indicator of nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Metzner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Christine Baumgartner
- Center of Preclinical Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Anne von Thaden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rieger
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
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Tschoner TS, Zablotski Y, Knubben-Schweizer G, Feist M. Effect of xylazine administration before laparoscopic abomasopexy to correct left displaced abomasum on markers of stress in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9318-9331. [PMID: 32747093 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cows is a disease diagnosed all over the world. In Germany, a common method for its correction is laparoscopic abomasopexy (LA). The aim of the study was to assess cortisol and substance P concentrations, behavioral patterns, and feeding and rumination times during and after LA in cattle treated with xylazine before LA compared with nonsedated cattle. A total of 28 cattle that had been referred to a veterinary teaching hospital with a diagnosis of left displacement of the abomasum were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Surgery was performed according to a standardized protocol. Animals of XYL (n = 14) received xylazine (0.02 mg/kg body weight i.v.) before surgery, and animals of CON (n = 14) received a placebo (0.9% saline i.v.). All cows received ketoprofen (3 mg/kg body weight i.v.) twice, and benzyl penicillin procaine (20,000 IU/kg body weight i.m.) for 5 ± 1 d. Blood samples for the determination of plasma cortisol concentration (PCC) and plasma substance P concentration were taken 3 h before surgery (+00:00), at 1100 h (+03:00), 1115 h (+03:15, skin incision), 1130 h (+03:30), 1145 h (+03:45, dorsal recumbency), 1200 h (+04:00, end of surgery), 1230 h (+04:30), 1300 h (+05:00), 1400 h (+06:00), and 1100 h (+27:00) the following day. Behavior was assessed on the day of surgery and the following day (0800, 1300, and 1700 h), and during surgery. Feeding and rumination time were recorded for 24 h after surgery. Data analysis was done using R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The LA was performed in all animals without negative effects. The PCC was lower in XYL than in CON at all times and significantly lower at +03:30. In CON, PCC was significantly higher at +03:45, +04:00, and +04:30 compared with +03:00. In XYL, PCC was significantly lower at +03:15 and +03:30 compared with +03:00, and significantly higher at +04:00 and +04:30. Plasma substance P concentration did not differ between groups. No differences were observed in behavior between CON and XYL. Feeding and rumination times did not differ between groups. Animals in XYL showed significantly more chews per bolus after surgery than animals in CON. In conclusion, administration of xylazine before LA results in lower stress levels for cattle during the course of LA, especially before being put into lateral and dorsal recumbency. Therefore, in the opinion of the authors, xylazine administration can be recommended before LA to improve the well-being of the animals during and after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Tschoner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Y Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - G Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - M Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Feist M, Rieger A, Müller C, Knubben-Schweizer G. [Long bone fractures in cattle: A retrospective study of treatment and outcome in 194 cases]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2019; 161:509-521. [PMID: 31488392 DOI: 10.17236/sat00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present retrospective study investigated the localization, cause, treatment and healing of long bone fractures in cattle. Over a period of ten years, medical records of 194 cattle of all ages with a long bone fracture, presented at the Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at LMU Munich, were evaluated. The majority of patients (n = 131, 67.5%) were younger than two weeks of age. Of these, 118 calves sustained the fracture on the day of birth (60.8%). An obstetrical assistance was found in 57.4% (n = 58) of birth-related cases as a fracture cause. The femur was most frequently affected in calves aged up to two weeks (n = 35; 26.7%). The second most frequent fractures occurred in the metacarpus (n = 31; 22.9%) in this age group, followed by metatarsus (n = 28; 21.4%) and tibia (n = 27; 20.6%). Fractures of the antebrachium (n = 9; 6.9%) and the humerus were rare (n = 1; 0.8%). A total of 194 patients were diagnosed with 50 femur fractures (25.8%), 53 metacarpal fractures (27.3%), 43 metatarsal fractures (22.2%), 30 tibial fractures (15.5%), 11 antebrachial fractures (5.7%) and 7 humeral fractures (3.6%). Of the 194 animals, 78 (40.2%) had to be euthanized, 42 of them (53.8%) without treatment. In 150 patients, treatment was initiated, of which 110 patients (73.3%) were dismissed healthy from the clinic. Among the conservative treatment methods were stall rest, casts, casts combined with a U-shaped metal rail (walking casts) and the Thomas splint. Surgical therapy (internal fixation with plates or screws, transfixation pin casts) was used to treat 65 animals (33.5%). While 86.9% (74 out of 85) of the conservatively treated animals left the clinic alive, it were only 58.1% (36 out of 65) animals after surgical treatment. In the newborn calves, colostrum supply had a significant effect on the success of the treatment. If the gamma-glutamyl transferase concentration was below 200 IU/L in the calves aged under 4 days, the healing rate was significantly different from the cure rate of sufficiently immunized patients (26.9% (7 out of 26) vs. 65.3% (47 out of 72), P = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feist
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - A Rieger
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - C Müller
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - G Knubben-Schweizer
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Tschoner T, Voigt K, Falkenau A, Herbach N, Feist M. [Intraocular melanoma in a 10-year-old female llama (Lama glama)]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2018; 46:334-339. [PMID: 30340243 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-180093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 10-year-old female llama was presented with a continually growing mass of the left eye. It displayed exophthalmus. The nictitating membrane was hyperemic. The cornea was completely opaque, vascularised, ulcerated and covered with abnormal tissue. Deeper structures of the eye were not visible. The right eye was unaffected. The left eye was removed under general anaesthesia. On histological examination, an amelanotic melanoma was diagnosed. The cornea, sclera, vitreous body and lens could not be differentiated. Fourteen months later, the llama was presented to the clinic because of a mass in the left orbita and right-sided blindness. Because of its poor general condition, the animal was euthanised. Histopathological examination revealed recurrence of the amelanotic melanoma with metastases to the regional lymph nodes and infiltration of the optical nerve, leading to the rightsided blindness.
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Dietsche J, Brühschwein A, Rosati M, Knubben-Schweizer G, Feist M. [Possibilities of diagnostics in unilateral fibular-nerve-paresis in a calf]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2018; 160:539-545. [PMID: 30206050 DOI: 10.17236/sat00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present case report describes the workup of unilateral fibular-nerve-paresis in a female neonatal Fleckvieh calf. The calf was admitted to the Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig- Maximilians-University Munich as part of an investigation into a herd problem. The herd problem was presented as movement disorder in neonatal calves with an incidence of 10%. A physical, hematological, and musculoskeletal, as well as neurological examination was performed, and a diagnosis of a left-sided paresis of the fibular-nerve (N. fibularis) was made. Further special examinations including sonography, magnetic resonance tomography and muscle, lymph node, and nerve biopsies of the affected limb of the calf were also carried out. Advanced imaging examinations suggested the presence of inflammatory changes caudal to the left stifle joint in the region of the fibular nerve. Histopathological examination of the nerve biopsy confirmed the presence of a fibular-nerve-neuritis. Inflammatory changes in the ischiocrural-muscles were most likely injection-induced, consistent with the history of the veterinary practitioner and the examination results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dietsche
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - A Brühschwein
- Chirurgische und Gynäkologische Kleintierklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - M Rosati
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Abteilung für klinische und vergleichende Neuropathologie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - G Knubben-Schweizer
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
| | - M Feist
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Spiess A, Feist M, Köstlin R, Nuss K. Behandlung von Frakturen der langen Röhrenknochen bei 125 neugeborenen Kälbern*. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand: Retrospektive Untersuchung über Frakturen der großen Röhrenknochen bei neugeborenen Kälbern mit Auswertung von Ursachen, Lokalisation, Frakturkonfiguration, Komplikationen und Erfolg verschiedener Therapieformen. Material und Methodik: Die Krankenakten von 125 neonatalen Kälbern, die in 16 Jahren wegen einer Fraktur von Humerus (3), Radius/Ulna (14), Os femoris (50) oder Tibia (58) vorgestellt worden waren, wurden ausgewertet. Die Mehrzahl der Frakturen (61,6%) war bei einer assistierten Geburt entstanden. Mehr als die Hälfte der Kälber (54,4%) wies zusätzliche Erkrankungen auf. Ins - gesamt wurden 107 Kälber behandelt, 16 konservativ und 91 operativ. Neun dieser Kälber wurden in tabula eingeschläfert oder starben intra operationem. Ergebnisse: Durch konservative Therapie konnten die Frakturen bei 10 von 16, durch operative Behandlung bei 44 von 82 Kälbern geheilt werden. Plattenosteosynthese und Veterinärfixateur (Vet- Fix®) erwiesen sich als erfolgreicher (37/58 geheilt) als Marknagelungstechniken (4/16 geheilt) oder der Fixateur externe (3/8 geheilt). Kälber mit zusätzlichen Erkrankungen und postoperativer Instabilität der Fraktur waren prädisponiert für Komplikationen. Sie mussten oftmals wegen Osteomyelitis oder Sepsis eingeschläfert werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Behandlung von Frakturen der genannten Röhrenknochen bei neonatalen Kälbern ist anspruchsvoll. Ursachen für die hohe Komplikationsrate sind zum einen die Vorschädigung der Kälber und daraus resultierende Begleiterkrankungen, zum anderen die unzureichende Festigkeit juveniler Knochen für Implantate. Klinische Relevanz: Frakturen der großen Röhrenknochen beim Kalb sollten vorrangig durch fachgerechte Durchführung der Geburtshilfe – vor allem im Zusam - menhang mit dem “Hängenbleiben” der Kälber im mütterlichen Becken – vermieden werden. Die Behandlung dieser Frakturen gestaltet sich in manchen Fällen einfach, in den meisten aber aufwendig und schwierig und die Prognose ist vorsichtig.
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: In einer Doppelblindstudie wurden 36 Kühe der Rasse Deutsches Fleckvieh daraufhin untersucht, inwieweit die Gabe eines Analgetikums nach einer Klauenoperation das Schmerzausdrucksverhalten und den Heilungsverlauf beeinflusst. Material und Methode: Mittels Zufallsverteilung wurden zwei Gruppen von Tieren gebildet, die perioperativ entweder Ketoprofen (A-Tiere) oder 0,9%ige Kochsalzlösung als Plazebo (P-Tiere) erhielten. Durch Verhaltensbeobachtung über 6 Tage wurden 14 Hauptparameter mit 53 abweichenden Verhaltensweisen in einer Schmerzbewertungstabelle registriert, anschließend quantifiziert und statistisch ausgewertet. Bei den Aktivitäten Fressen, Wiederkauen, Stehen und Ablegen erfolgte außerdem eine telemetrische Messung. Der Heilungsverlauf, die Nutzungsdauer und die Abgangsursachen wurden dokumentiert. Ergebnisse: Signifikante Verbesserungen durch die Gabe des Analgetikums ergaben sich über mehrere Tage hinweg in der Haltung der erkrankten Gliedmaße, in der „Anteilnahme an der Umgebung” und der Futteraufnahme. Nur am ersten postoperativen Tag zeigten die mit einem Analgetikum behandelten Tiere signifikant weniger abnorme akustische Signale, veränderte Ohrenstellung und „sonstige Verhaltenauffälligkeiten”. Die Parameter Rückenlinie, Liegeverhalten, Sozialverhalten, Wiederkauen, Ablegeverhalten und Atemfrequenz differierten zwischen den Gruppen nicht signifikant. Heilungsverlauf und Nutzungsdauer von A- und P-Tieren unterschieden sich ebenfalls nicht. Schlussfolgerung: Die Schmerzmittelgabe in den ersten 3 Tagen nach einer Klauenoperation führte bei den beobachteten Kühen zu einer signifikanten Besserung des Schmerzausdrucksverhaltens sowie der Futteraufnahme. Klinische Relevanz: Die Applikation von Analgetika nach Klauenoperationen ist bei Rindern nicht nur aus ethischen Gründen zu fordern, sondern auch medizinisch und ökonomisch sinnvoll.
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Manicke N, Hoof S, Keck M, Braun-Cula B, Feist M, Limberg C. A Hexanuclear Iron(II) Layer with Two Square-Planar FeO 4 Units Spanned by Tetrasiloxide Ligands: Mimicking of Minerals and Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8554-8561. [PMID: 28677965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A hexanuclear iron(II) siloxide complex has been prepared by reacting an incompletely condensed silsesquioxane first with NaOMe and then with Fe(OTf)2. In the process of product formation, the siloxane framework undergoes a transformation and it was shown that this happens already upon addition of base: Treatment of the ligand precursor with NaOMe leads to a completely condensed silsesquioxane cage with 12 Si atoms that is composed of 2 equiv of the tetrasiloxide ligands found in the product complex. Its iron centers form a two-dimensional array reminiscent of the situations found in minerals and two-dimensional oxide films caused by segregation of FeOx and silica. As the hexairon(II) assembly contains two high-spin square-planar FeO4 units-suggested to represent the active sites in Fe-zeolites, which react with N2O to generate strongly oxidizing sites-it was treated with Me3NO. This led to the oxidation of two of the iron centers to the oxidation state +III and elimination of one iron ion, so that a pentanuclear, mixed valent iron siloxide was formed. All complexes were fully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manicke
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hoof
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Keck
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Braun-Cula
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Feist
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Limberg
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Alsdorf E, Feist M, Gross T, Jerschkewitz HJ, Lohse U, Schwieger M. Dealumination of ZSM 5 - Characterization by DTA/DTG, XPS and adsorption measurements. Z PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1990-27136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tschoner TS, Köstlin RG, Feist M. Corrective Osteotomy of a Metacarpal Deviation Caused by Fracture in a 9-Month-Old German Fleckvieh Heifer. Vet Surg 2016; 46:130-135. [PMID: 27906469 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the surgical treatment of a metacarpal deviation caused by an untreated Salter-Harris type I fracture in a heifer. STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMAL 9-month-old German Fleckvieh heifer. METHODS A closing wedge osteotomy was performed to correct deviation of fused metacarpal III and IV. A triangular bone wedge was removed and the proximal and distal fragments of the bone were brought into apposition and stabilized with an 11-hole T-plate. A full-limb cast was applied postoperative. RESULTS Radiographs were taken at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperative. No postoperative complications occurred and the heifer was discharged from the clinic 51 days after surgery. Radiographs taken 6 months after discharge showed periosteal callus formation around the closing wedge osteotomy. At 24 months postoperative, implants were intact and the heifer was in good general condition. CONCLUSION Closing wedge osteotomy was successfully performed in a heifer with a metacarpal deviation, correcting the malunion after a untreated Salter-Harris type I fracture. Radiographs showed evidence of osteotomy healing and the heifer had full use of the affected leg at 24 months postoperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa S Tschoner
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich-Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Roberto G Köstlin
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction at the Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich-Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Feist M, Smith J, Enkelmann S, Hommel K, Brandl A, Rau B. Intraoperative Chemotherapie. Onkologe 2016; 22:651-658. [DOI: 10.1007/s00761-016-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Lohse U, Engelhardt G, Alsdorf E, Kölsch P, Feist M, Patzelová V. Dependence of the Adsorption Capacity and Thermal Stability of Y Zeolites upon Si/Al Ratio. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/026361748600300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three series of dealuminated Y zeolites have been prepared by different procedures. The adsorption of n-hexane and water and the thermal stability have been studied with respect to their dependence on the content of framework aluminium. The reduction of their micropore volume can be calculated from the loss of framework aluminium. The water uptake decreases strongly below an aluminium content of 30 atoms per unit cell. At an aluminium content ≤8 atoms the zeolitic micropore structure is hydrophobic. Two ranges of thermal stability can be distinguished with decreasing aluminium content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Feist
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University, DDR-1040, Berlin, GDR
| | - V. Patzelová
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, CS-12138, Prague 2, Czechoslovakia
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Alsdorf E, Feist M, Fichtner-Schmittler H, Gross T, Jerschkewitz HJ, Lohse U, Parlitz B. Dealumination of ZSM-5 — Characterization by TPD, DTA/DTG, XPS and Adsorption Measurements. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/026361748800500204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ZSM 5 samples obtained by dealumination is studied by TPD, DTA/DTG, XPS and adsorption measurements. The amount of adsorbed water at p/p0 ≦ 0.1 and the amount of chemisorbed NH3 corresponding to the TPD peak at 693–723 K correlate with the number of framework aluminium atoms per unit cell. At strong dealumination an enrichment of non-framework aluminium in the surface layers of the crystals was found. The HZSM-57 zeolites are transformed into silicalite-like samples during the course of the DTA experiment in the temperature range 973–1273 K.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Feist
- Chemistry Department, Humboldt University Berlin, DDR-1040, Berlin
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Hülsmeyer VI, Flatz K, Putschbach K, Bechter MR, Weiler S, Fischer A, Feist M. Traumatic odontoid process synchondrosis fracture with atlantoaxial instability in a calf: clinical presentation and imaging findings. Ir Vet J 2015; 68:6. [PMID: 25937919 PMCID: PMC4416342 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-015-0034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-week-old female Simmental calf was evaluated for acute non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Physical and laboratory examinations revealed no clinically relevant abnormalities. Neurological findings were consistent with acute, progressive and painful cervical myelopathy. Radiographs displayed a fractured odontoid process (dens axis) and vertebral step misalignment at the fracture site. A traumatic origin was suspected. Advanced diagnostic imaging was considered to allow better planning of potential surgical stabilisation and to exclude any additional lesions of the cervical vertebral column. However, during trailer transportation to the advanced diagnostic imaging and surgery site, the calf deteriorated neurologically and was humanely euthanised. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were performed immediately post-mortem for scientific reasons. The MRI examination reflected the radiographic findings and confirmed severe spinal cord compression at the fracture site. In addition, a T2W-hyperintense signal change within the paravertebral soft tissue dorsal to the fracture site was indicative of a traumatic event. CT identified the fracture site at the synchondrosis between the odontoid process and the body of the axis, and this finding was confirmed by post-mortem examination. Advanced diagnostic imaging and post-mortem examination did not identify any other cervical lesion. In summary, this calf was diagnosed with a traumatic odontoid process synchondrosis fracture, which has not been reported previously in calves but presents a challenging and well-known fracture type in young children. This case report indicates that the odontoid process synchondrosis is a potential predisposed injury site and that traumatic odontoid process synchondrosis fractures should be considered as a potential differential in calves with acute cervical pain and/or signs of a cervical myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velia-Isabel Hülsmeyer
- Section of Neurology, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstr.13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Flatz
- Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Putschbach
- Section of Neurology, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstr.13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Ramona Bechter
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weiler
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Fischer
- Section of Neurology, Clinic of Small Animal Medicine at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Veterinärstr.13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Feist
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Mann S, Nuss KA, Feist M, Weber BK, Zoller DK, Metzner M. Balling gun-induced trauma in cattle: clinical presentation, diagnosis and prevention. Vet Rec 2013; 172:685. [PMID: 23677645 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pharyngeal trauma in cattle can occur during the administration of oral medication using a balling gun. The number of cases of severe complications due to bolus application that have been referred to our hospital has increased from nil between 1996 and 2008 to three or four per year. In our experience, reports by bovine veterinarians of patients with severe and often fatal pharyngeal trauma, which were not referred to the clinic, have become more common in recent years as well. The incidence of this complication is likely to be higher than this number of referrals suggests. Diagnosis without the help of imaging techniques, such as radiography and endoscopy, may be difficult, especially in cases where exploration of the pharynx cannot be carried out, or is unable to confirm the absence or presence of a lesion. Prognosis is often poor in cases where perforation has been confirmed. Boluses are increasingly administered by the owners or farm personnel without the supervision of a veterinarian. In order to prevent losses due to balling gun-induced injuries, the veterinarian plays a crucial role in giving advice to his clients. Five cases of cattle suffering from varying degrees of balling gun-induced trauma are presented, and consideration is given to incorrect application techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mann
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, Oberschleissheim 85764, Germany.
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Trefz FM, Lorch A, Feist M, Sauter-Louis C, Lorenz I. Construction and validation of a decision tree for treating metabolic acidosis in calves with neonatal diarrhea. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:238. [PMID: 23216654 PMCID: PMC3548689 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present prospective study was to investigate whether a decision tree based on basic clinical signs could be used to determine the treatment of metabolic acidosis in calves successfully without expensive laboratory equipment. A total of 121 calves with a diagnosis of neonatal diarrhea admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital were included in the study. The dosages of sodium bicarbonate administered followed simple guidelines based on the results of a previous retrospective analysis. Calves that were neither dehydrated nor assumed to be acidemic received an oral electrolyte solution. In cases in which intravenous correction of acidosis and/or dehydration was deemed necessary, the provided amount of sodium bicarbonate ranged from 250 to 750 mmol (depending on alterations in posture) and infusion volumes from 1 to 6.25 liters (depending on the degree of dehydration). Individual body weights of calves were disregarded. During the 24 hour study period the investigator was blinded to all laboratory findings. RESULTS After being lifted, many calves were able to stand despite base excess levels below -20 mmol/l. Especially in those calves, metabolic acidosis was undercorrected with the provided amount of 500 mmol sodium bicarbonate, which was intended for calves standing insecurely. In 13 calves metabolic acidosis was not treated successfully as defined by an expected treatment failure or a measured base excess value below -5 mmol/l. By contrast, 24 hours after the initiation of therapy, a metabolic alkalosis was present in 55 calves (base excess levels above +5 mmol/l). However, the clinical status was not affected significantly by the metabolic alkalosis. CONCLUSIONS Assuming re-evaluation of the calf after 24 hours, the tested decision tree can be recommended for the use in field practice with minor modifications. Calves that stand insecurely and are not able to correct their position if pushed require higher doses of sodium bicarbonate, if there is clinical evidence of a marked D-lactic acidosis. In those calves, determining the degree of loss of the palpebral reflex was identified as a useful decision criterion to provide an additional amount of 250 mmol sodium bicarbonate. This work demonstrates the clinical relevance of the discovery that D-lactate is responsible for most of the clinical signs expressed in neonatal diarrheic calves suffering from metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Trefz
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
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Anlauf H, Jeras J, Feist M, Scheffler J, Nussbaumer M. Novel Single Stage Wash Sedimentator for Purification and Separation of Small Particles. Chem Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fritz C, Scholz G, Feist M, Kemnitz E. Preparation and stabilization of aluminium trifluoroacetate fluoride sols for optical coatings. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11351-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Trefz FM, Lorch A, Feist M, Sauter-Louis C, Lorenz I. Metabolic acidosis in neonatal calf diarrhea-clinical findings and theoretical assessment of a simple treatment protocol. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 26:162-70. [PMID: 22168181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical assessment of metabolic acidosis in calves with neonatal diarrhea can be difficult because increased blood concentrations of d-lactate and not acidemia per se are responsible for most of the clinical signs exhibited by these animals. OBJECTIVES To describe the correlation between clinical and laboratory findings and d-lactate concentrations. Furthermore, the theoretical outcome of a simplified treatment protocol based on posture/ability to stand and degree of dehydration was evaluated. ANIMALS A total of 121 calves with diagnosis of neonatal diarrhea admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital during an 8-month study period. METHODS Prospective blinded cohort study. Physical examinations were carried out following a standardized protocol. Theoretical outcome of treatment was calculated. RESULTS Type and degree of metabolic acidosis were age dependent. The clinical parameters posture, behavior, and palpebral reflex were closely correlated to base excess (r = 0.74, 0.78, 0.68; P < .001) and d-lactate concentrations (r = 0.59, 0.59, 0.71; P < .001), respectively. Thus, determining the degree of loss of the palpebral reflex was identified as the best clinical tool for diagnosing increase in serum d-lactate concentrations. Theoretical outcome of treatment revealed that the tested dosages of sodium bicarbonate are more likely to overdose than to underdose calves with diarrhea and metabolic acidosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The degree of metabolic acidosis in diarrheic calves can be predicted based on clinical findings. The assessed protocol provides a useful tool to determine bicarbonate requirements, but a revision is necessary for calves with ability to stand and marked metabolic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Trefz
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
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Mann S, Blutke A, Brühschwein A, Feist M. A case of congenital unilateral hip dysplasia in a newborn calf. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2011; 153:457-61. [DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Nuss K, Spiess A, Feist M, Köstlin R. [Treatment of long bone fractures in 125 newborn calves. A retrospective study]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011; 39:15-26. [PMID: 22138741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Retrospective study of the causes, location, configuration, treatment and outcome of long bone fractures in newborn calves. MATERIAL AND METHODS The medical records of 125 calves presented during a 16-year period because of fracture of the humerus (3 calves), radius/ulna (14), femur (50) or tibia (58) were evaluated. The majority of calves (61.6%) sustained the fractures during assisted delivery. Of 125 calves, 107 were treated and 18 were euthanized because of concurrent diseases. Conservative treatment was used in 16 calves and surgical treatment in 91. Four of the latter were euthanized because of muscle contraction which prevented fracture reduction, and five others died in surgery. RESULTS Fracture healing occurred after conservative treatment in 10 of 16 calves and after surgical treatment in 44 of 82 calves. The outcome was better in calves with plate and clamp-rod internal fixation (37/58 healed) than with intramedullary pinning (4/16 healed) or external fixation (3/8 healed). There were significant associations (chi2-test, p<0.01) between concurrent diseases and choice of therapy and fracture healing. Of 67 calves that developed complications, only 26 could be cured. Common complications were implant loosening and instability, which were often followed by osteomyelitis and sepsis. Implants were removed in 39 of 44 surgically treated calves that survived up to 6 months postoperatively. Long-term follow up (> 6 months postoperatively) by clinical and radiographic re-examination (25 calves) or telephone inquiry (29 calves) revealed that 54 animals were sound and had returned to their intended use. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The treatment of long bone fractures in newborn calves remains difficult because of a high incidence of complications. These are most likely attributable to trauma during delivery, which results in insufficient colostrum intake and predisposes to concurrent diseases. In addition, the characteristics of juvenile bones do not provide sufficient physical strength for implants. Therefore, professional and diligent assistance during forced extraction, particularly in presentations with "stifle lock" or "hip lock", is required to minimize the incidence of long bone fractures in newborn calves. Most cases require surgical fixation, which is time consuming, expensive and carries a guarded prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nuss
- Departement für Nutztiere, Vetsuisse-Fakultät der Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.
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Nuss K, Feist M. Tail amputation for treatment of osteomyelitis of the first and second coccygeal vertebrae in a cow. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011; 39:176-178. [PMID: 22138803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Nuss
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Feist M, Nuss K. Tail amputation for treatment of osteomyelitis of the first and second coccygeal vertebrae in a cow. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Trefz FM, Feist M. Okuläre Dermoide bei einem Deutsch-Fleckvieh-Kalb. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Feist M, Trefz FM. [Ocular dermoids in a Simmental calf. A case report]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011; 39:325-329. [PMID: 22134605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Feist
- Klinik für Wiederkäuer mit Ambulanz und Bestandsbetreuung, der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstraße 16, Oberschleißheim.
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Sigmund B, Sauter-Louis C, Feist M, Nuss K. Abmessungen der Klauen der Schultergliedmaßen von Mastbullen – Bedeutung für Klauenerkrankungen und Klauenpflege. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1624983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Obwohl der Körperschwerpunkt mehr zu den Vordergliedmaßen gelegen ist, finden sich Sohlengeschwüre und andere Klauenerkrankungen weit häufiger an den Hintergliedmaßen. Ziel der Studie war, die Klauen der Schultergliedmaßen anhand der Bezugsgröße standardisierte Sohlendicke“ zu vermessen. So sollten Erkenntnisse über die Klauenform, deren Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten von Sohlengeschwüren sowie für die funktionelle Klauenpflege gewonnen werden. Material und Methodik: Von 30 Fleckvieh-Mastbullen wurden postmortal die nicht krankhaft veränderten Klauen der beiden Vorderfüße vermessen. Die standardisierte Sohlendicke betrug 5 mm an der Klauenspitze und 8 mm am Ballen. Die Messungen erfolgten am Hornschuh sowie am Korium mit Instrumenten mit einer Messgenauigkeit von 0,05 mm. Die zusammengefassten Mittelwerte der beiden medialen und der beiden lateralen Klauen wurden mit dem gepaarten t-Test (p < 0,05) auf Unterschiede zwischen lateralen und medialen Klauen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die lateralen Klauen wiesen größere Breitenmaße und geringere Längenmaße auf als die medialen. Von der Sohlenfläche her war die mediale die etwas größere Klaue, doch war die Asymmetrie weniger ausgeprägt als an den Klauen der Beckengliedmaßen. Bei 6/30 Tieren ergab sich bei standardisierter Sohlendicke ein Niveauunterschied, die laterale Sohlenfläche stand nach distal über. Schlussfolgerungen: Zum Schutz der Klauen der Schultergliedmaßen vor überlastungsbedingten Erkrankungen dürften die im Vergleich mit den Beckengliedmaßen ausgeglichene Klauengröße, die hohen Ballen und die etwas steiler gestellten Dorsalwände beitragen. Die häufiger an Sohlengeschwüren erkrankenden Innenklauen hatten die größere Sohlenfläche. Klinische Relevanz: Die Klauen der Schultergliedmaßen besitzen Eigenschaften, die sie vor einer überlastungsbedingten Erkrankung schützen dürften. Bei der funktionellen Klauenpflege wird eine ausgeglichene Lastverteilung am ehesten erreicht, wenn die Sohle der Außenklaue abgetragen und die Innenklaue angeglichen wird.
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Feist M, Nirschl H, Hirsch G. Sedimentationsuntersuchungen zum Trennverhalten von Faser-Partikel-Suspensionen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200800173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gaudon M, Majimel J, Heintz JM, Feist M, Dambournet D, Tressaud A. Fluorinated transition alumina with Al2−x/3O3−xFx compositions: Thermal, chemical, structural and morphological investigations. J Fluor Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kofler J, Feist M, Starke A, Nuss K. [Resection of the distal/proximal interphalangeal joint and digit amputation in 21 breeding bulls--indications, clinical findings and longterm outcome]. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2007; 120:156-64. [PMID: 17416139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Case records of 21 breeding bulls suffering from advanced septic claw disorders and treated with resection of the distal interphalangeal (= DIP) joint (n = 14), resection of the proximal interphalangeal joint (n = 1) and digit amputation (n = 6) were evaluated retrospectively (1992-2005) regarding the following parameters: breed, age, body mass, pre-treatment, localisation of disease, lameness degree, diagnosis, surgical method, outcome, postoperative survival time and return to breeding use. The mean age of the bulls was 3.6+/-1.7 years and the mean body mass 840.7 + 200.8 kg; range: 500-1200 kg), Surgery was carried out to treat the following conditions: white line infection (n = 9), sole ulcers (n = 5) with osteolysis of the distal sesamoid bone, the tuberculum flexorium, infection of the deep digital flexor tendon at insertion and the DIP-joint; osteomyelitis of the distal and middle phalanx with septic arthritis of the DIP-joint following deep penetrating wounds (n = 3); open fracture of the coffin bone with severe osteolysis/osteomyelitis and septic fibrino-purulent arthritis of the DIP-joint (n = 2); purulent arthritis of the proximal interphalangeal joint after a penetrating wound (n = 1) and a severe osteolysis/osteomyelitis of the coffin bone originating from a toe ulcer (n = 1). Three bulls were culled within 2-12 weeks after surgery due to postsurgical complications. In three bulls which were treated successfully six years ago, long-term follow-up information could not be obtained. Complete recovery was considered in 15 bulls. They returned to full breeding use three to four months after surgery, with a mean postoperative survival time of 24.1 months:21.2 months after joint resection and 27.2 months after amputation. At the time of this survey three bulls were still alive with 4,7 and 84 months after surgery, respectively. Both surgical methods were successful in breeding bulls, the resection of the distal interphalangeal joint is recommended as first option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Kofler
- Klinik für Orthopädie bei Huf- und Klauentieren, Klinisches Department für Kleintiere und Pferde,Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Osterreich.
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Prescott HA, Troyanov SI, Feist M, Kemnitz E. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Hydrogen Monofluorophosphates with N-containing Organic Cations. The Influence of Fluorine on their Hydrogen Bond SystemsDedicated to Professor Dieter Naumann on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3749(200208)628:8<1749::aid-zaac1749>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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