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Quantz KR, Jongnarangsin KK, Harman CD, Koehl KL, Jacobson AL, Nallasamy N, Shaw GC, Pirie CG, Komáromy AM. Development of Crystalline Corneal Opacities (Steroid Keratopathy) in Dogs After Treatment With Ophthalmic Corticosteroids. Cornea 2024:00003226-990000000-00516. [PMID: 38478757 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively evaluate and describe the relationship between the use of topical corticosteroids and the development of crystalline corneal opacities (steroid keratopathy) in a colony of research Beagles and Beagle-derived dogs. METHODS Medical records of 73 purpose-bred Beagles and Beagle-derived dogs were reviewed from June 2012 to May 2021. All dogs were treated with topical ophthalmic corticosteroids for at least 21 days. In addition to regular ophthalmic examination, some dogs also had a systemic lipid profile (n = 6) performed to work up further and characterize the crystalline corneal opacities. Globes of 3 dogs were examined histopathologically. RESULTS Axial stromal crystalline corneal opacities were appreciated in 25 eyes of 14 dogs after a median of 141 days after initiating treatment (35-396 days). Multiple corticosteroids were used, including neomycin-polymyxin b-dexamethasone 0.1% ophthalmic ointment, prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic suspension, and difluprednate 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (Durezol). Resolution of corneal opacity was documented in 4 of 25 eyes when ophthalmic corticosteroids were discontinued after a median of 406.5 days (271-416 days). Histopathologic examination revealed a dense band of acellular material, poorly staining with periodic acid-Schiff, subtending the corneal epithelium, and being surrounded by spindle cells. CONCLUSIONS This case series documents the onset of steroid keratopathy in Beagles and Beagle-derived dogs after treatment with ophthalmic corticosteroids. Clinical resolution of steroid keratopathy lesions may be possible after discontinuation of ophthalmic corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin R Quantz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kamontip K Jongnarangsin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christine D Harman
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kristin L Koehl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Amanda L Jacobson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Nambi Nallasamy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and
| | - Gillian C Shaw
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christopher G Pirie
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - András M Komáromy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Sung H, Park J, Kim J, Kang S, Shaw GC, Seo K. Tumor-like lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis in the third eyelid in a dog. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e16. [PMID: 38311329 PMCID: PMC10839181 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This report aims to describe a case of tumor-like lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis in a 7-year-old spayed-female Pomeranian. On complete ophthalmic examination, a mass with papillary projections was noted on the bulbar surface of the right third eyelid. Debulking of the mass was performed while preserving as much of the third eyelid as possible. On the histopathological examination, the mass was diagnosed as lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis with mild epithelial hyperplasia. Although a slight regrowth of the mass was noted 3 weeks after surgery, intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide led to its disappearance. There was no further recurrence after 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonu Sung
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jury Kim
- Bundang Brighteye Animal Hospital, Seongnam 13439, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Gillian C Shaw
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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3
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OTAKA Y, KANAI K, TOMATSU A, SANGU R, OKADA D, NAGAI N, YAMASHITA Y, ICHIKAWA Y, SAKAI A, TAJIMA K. Oral 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate prevents blood-aqueous barrier breakdown after anterior chamber paracentesis in healthy beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1257-1260. [PMID: 37880141 PMCID: PMC10788171 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the preventive effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with sodium ferrous citrate (5-ALA/SFC) on blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) breakdown induced after anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP) in beagles. 5-ALA/SFC (1/0.64 mg/kg or 3/1.92 mg/kg) or carprofen (4.0 mg/kg) was orally administered daily for 7 days prior to ACP. Then, a sample of the aqueous humor (AH) was collected from one eye via ACP (first sample) and again 60 min later (second sample). The protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in both samples were measured. Compared with the control group, high-dose 5-ALA/SFC and carprofen significantly reduced the AH protein and PGE2 concentrations in the second sample. Our findings suggest that 5-ALA/SFC suppresses BAB breakdown in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya OTAKA
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazutaka KANAI
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Aoi TOMATSU
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Riyo SANGU
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Daiki OKADA
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Noriaki NAGAI
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei YAMASHITA
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yoichiro ICHIKAWA
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Aki SAKAI
- One Health Business Department, Companion Animal Group
Neopharma Japan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki TAJIMA
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of
Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
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4
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Ewald MM, Rankin AJ, Meekins JM, Magnin G, KuKanich B. Prednisolone and dexamethasone are systemically absorbed after topical application of ophthalmic suspensions in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:339-348. [PMID: 35038305 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.04.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify plasma concentrations of prednisolone and dexamethasone (peripheral and jugular) and cortisol following topical ophthalmic application of 1% prednisolone acetate and 0.1% dexamethasone to healthy adult dogs. ANIMALS 12 purpose-bred Beagles. PROCEDURES Dogs received 1 drop of 1% prednisolone acetate (n = 6) or neomycin polymyxin B dexamethasone (ie, 0.1% dexamethasone; 6) ophthalmic suspension in both eyes every 6 hours for 14 days. Blood samples (peripheral and jugular) were collected on days 0, 1, 7, and 14 and analyzed for plasma prednisolone and dexamethasone concentrations. Plasma cortisol concentrations were measured at the beginning of the study and following topical drug administration. RESULTS Both drugs demonstrated systemic absorption. Prednisolone was detected on days 1, 7, and 14 (median plasma concentration, 24.80 ng/mL; range, 6.20 to 74.00 ng/mL), and dexamethasone was detected on days 1, 7, and 14 (2.30 ng/mL; 0 to 17.70 ng/mL). Neither prednisolone nor dexamethasone were detected in plasma samples on day 0 (baseline). Sampling from the jugular vein resulted in higher plasma drug concentrations than from a peripheral vein when samples from each day were combined. Plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly lower than baseline following 14 days of treatment with topical prednisolone acetate and dexamethasone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Prednisolone and dexamethasone are detected in the plasma of healthy dogs following topical ophthalmic administration 4 times/d with prednisolone concentrations being close to a physiologic dose of orally administered prednisolone. Additional research is needed to evaluate the systemic absorption of these medications in dogs with ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Ewald
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Amy J Rankin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Jessica M Meekins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Geraldine Magnin
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Butch KuKanich
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Hermida-Prieto M, García-Castro J, Mariñas-Pardo L. Systemic Treatment of Immune-Mediated Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca with Allogeneic Stem Cells Improves the Schirmer Tear Test Score in a Canine Spontaneous Model of Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245981. [PMID: 34945277 PMCID: PMC8709250 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is characterized by ocular discomfort, conjunctival hyperaemia, and corneal scarring, causing reduced aqueous tear production that can be measured using the standard Schirmer tear test (STT). Canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (cATMSCs) have been proposed as treatment due to their anti-inflammatory effect, by releasing cytokines and immunomodulatory soluble factors. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the systemic administration of cATMSCs on tear production in dogs with immune-mediated KCS, compared to classical Cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment. METHODS Twenty-eight client-owned dogs with spontaneous KCS were allocated in the experimental group (n = 14, treated with systemic cATMSCs or control group (n = 14, treated with CsA). SST values increased significantly at days 15 (p = 0.002), 45 (p = 0.042) and 180 (p = 0.005) with no observed side-effects in the experimental group. Eyes with an initial STT value of 11-14 mm/min maintained significant improvement at day 180, needing only artificial tears as treatment. Eyes with an initial STT value <11 mm/min needed cyclosporin treatment at day 45, so follow-up was stopped. Control animals treated with CsA did not improve their STT at day 180. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Systemic allogeneic cATMSCs application appeared to be a feasible and effective therapy with positive outcome in dogs with initial STT between 11-14 mm/min, with a significant improvement in tear production. The STT increment was maintained for at least 180 days, without needing additional medication, thus suggesting it could constitute an alternative therapy to classical immunosuppressive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hermida-Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña—Universidade de A Coruña (INIBIC—UDC), 15006 A Coruna, Spain;
| | - Javier García-Castro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), 28691 Villanueva de la Canada, Spain;
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Mariñas-Pardo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña—Universidade de A Coruña (INIBIC—UDC), 15006 A Coruna, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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6
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Sebbag L, Kirner NS, Wulf LW, Mochel JP. Tear Film Pharmacokinetics and Systemic Absorption Following Topical Administration of 1% Prednisolone Acetate Ophthalmic Suspension in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:571350. [PMID: 33195562 PMCID: PMC7652929 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.571350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the tear film pharmacokinetics following topical administration of 1% prednisolone acetate—assessing whether two drops would provide a superior kinetic profile compared to one drop—and to determine the fraction of an eye drop that reaches the systemic circulation in dogs. Two separate experiments were conducted in eight healthy Beagle dogs: (i) Instillation of 1 drop (35 μL) or 2 drops (70 μL) of 1% prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension in each eye, followed by tear collections with Schirmer strips from 0 to 720 min; (ii) Instillation of 1 or 2 drops of 1% prednisolone acetate in both eyes 4 times daily for 3 days, followed by blood collection 10–15 min after each topical administration on Day 3. Tear and blood samples were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography to determine the levels of prodrug (prednisolone acetate), active metabolite (prednisolone) and total prednisolone (prednisolonetotal = prodrug + active metabolite). Prednisolone levels represented 10 and 72% of prednisolonetotal concentrations in tears and plasma, respectively, indicating a greater hydrolysis of prodrug in the blood vs. tear compartment. For eyes receiving one or two drops, tear film prednisolonetotal concentrations were high (~3.1 mg/mL) immediately following topical administration but rapidly decreased by ~45% at 1 min and ~95% at 15 min. No differences were noted between 1 vs. 2 drops in tear film prednisolonetotal concentrations (including maximal concentration, Cmax) or residual drug levels in tears at any time point (P ≥ 0.097); however, instillation of 2 drops provided a higher average tear concentration (Cavg) and overall drug exposure to the ocular surface (AUClast) over the 12-h sampling period (P = 0.009). Average plasma prednisolonetotal concentration represented ≤ 2% of the dose applied to the ocular surface, and did not differ significantly for dogs receiving 1 drop (17 ng/mL) or 2 drops (20 ng/mL) 4 times daily for 3 days (P = 0.438). In sum, topical corticotherapy is beneficial for inflammatory conditions of the canine anterior segment given the relatively high concentrations achieved in tears, although caution is warranted to prevent unwanted local or systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nicolette S Kirner
- Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Larry W Wulf
- PhAST Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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7
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Ganugula R, Arora M, Lepiz MA, Niu Y, Mallick BK, Pflugfelder SC, Scott EM, Kumar MNVR. Systemic anti-inflammatory therapy aided by double-headed nanoparticles in a canine model of acute intraocular inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb7878. [PMID: 32923645 PMCID: PMC7449680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel approaches circumventing blood-ocular barriers in systemic drug delivery are lacking. We hypothesize receptor-mediated delivery of curcumin (CUR) across intestinal and ocular barriers leads to decreased inflammation in a model of lens-induced uveitis. CUR was encapsulated in double-headed polyester nanoparticles using gambogic acid (GA)-coupled polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA). Orally administered PLGA-GA2-CUR led to notable aqueous humor CUR levels and was dosed (10 mg/kg twice daily) to adult male beagles (n = 8 eyes) with induced ocular inflammation. Eyes were evaluated using a semiquantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring (SPOTS) and compared to commercial anti-inflammatory treatment (oral carprofen 2.2 mg/kg twice daily) (n = 8) and untreated controls (n = 8). PLGA-GA2-CUR offered improved protection compared with untreated controls and similar protection compared with carprofen, with reduced aqueous flare, miosis, and chemosis in the acute phase (<4 hours). This study highlights the potential of PLGA-GA2 nanoparticles for systemic drug delivery across ocular barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ganugula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - M. Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M. A. Lepiz
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Y. Niu
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - B. K. Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S. C. Pflugfelder
- Cullen Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E. M. Scott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - M. N. V. Ravi Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Reynolds Medical Building, Texas A&M University, Mailstop 1114, College Station, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N.V.R.K.); (E.M.S.); (R.G.)
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8
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Singh RK, Occelli LM, Binette F, Petersen-Jones SM, Nasonkin IO. Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Tissue in the Subretinal Space of the Cat Eye. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1151-1166. [PMID: 31210100 PMCID: PMC6708274 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop biological approaches to restore vision, we developed a method of transplanting stem cell-derived retinal tissue into the subretinal space of a large-eye animal model (cat). Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) were differentiated to retinal organoids in a dish. hESC-derived retinal tissue was introduced into the subretinal space of wild-type cats following a pars plana vitrectomy. The cats were systemically immunosuppressed with either prednisolone or prednisolone plus cyclosporine A. The eyes were examined by fundoscopy and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging for adverse effects due to the presence of the subretinal grafts. Immunohistochemistry was done with antibodies to retinal and human markers to delineate graft survival, differentiation, and integration into cat retina. We successfully delivered hESC-derived retinal tissue into the subretinal space of the cat eye. We observed strong infiltration of immune cells in the graft and surrounding tissue in the cats treated with prednisolone. In contrast, we showed better survival and low immune response to the graft in cats treated with prednisolone plus cyclosporine A. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies (STEM121, CALB2, DCX, and SMI-312) revealed large number of graft-derived fibers connecting the graft and the host. We also show presence of human-specific synaptophysin puncta in the cat retina. This work demonstrates feasibility of engrafting hESC-derived retinal tissue into the subretinal space of large-eye animal models. Transplanting retinal tissue in degenerating cat retina will enable rapid development of preclinical in vivo work focused on vision restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh K Singh
- Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly BioTime Inc.), Carlsbad, California
| | - Laurence M Occelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lasing, Michigan
| | - Francois Binette
- Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly BioTime Inc.), Carlsbad, California
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lasing, Michigan
| | - Igor O Nasonkin
- Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (formerly BioTime Inc.), Carlsbad, California
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9
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Sebbag L, Yan Y, Smith JS, Allbaugh RA, Wulf LW, Mochel JP. Tear Fluid Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Prednisone Administration in Dogs With and Without Conjunctivitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 35:341-349. [PMID: 31070497 PMCID: PMC6659750 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To describe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of prednisone and prednisolone in tear fluid of dogs receiving oral prednisone at anti-inflammatory to immunosuppressive doses and to assess the impact of induced conjunctivitis on lacrimal drug levels. Methods: Six healthy Beagle dogs were administered 4 courses of prednisone at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg given orally once a day for 5 days. At steady state, topical histamine was applied to induce mild (1 mg/mL) or severe (375 mg/mL) conjunctivitis in 1 eye of each dog and tear samples were collected from both eyes at selected times. Prednisone and prednisolone were quantified in tears by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Lacrimal prednisone and prednisolone concentrations ranged from 2 to 523 ng/mL and 5 to 191 ng/mL, respectively. Drug concentrations were overall greater in dogs receiving higher doses of prednisone, but were not correlated with tear flow rate. Eyes with conjunctivitis often had larger amounts of prednisone and prednisolone in tear fluid compared to control eyes (up to +64%), but differences were not statistically significant. Significantly greater, but clinically insignificant, levels of prednisolone were found in eyes with severe versus mild conjunctivitis for oral prednisone doses ≥1.0 mg/kg. Conclusions: Disruption of the blood-tear barrier with conjunctivitis did not significantly affect drug levels in tears. Based on drug PK in tears, oral prednisone is likely safe for the management of reflex uveitis and ocular surface diseases. However, further prospective trials using systemic corticotherapy in diseased animals are warranted to confirm findings from this preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Sebbag
- 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.,2Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Yuqi Yan
- 3Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Joe S Smith
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.,4Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Rachel A Allbaugh
- 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Larry W Wulf
- 5PhAST Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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10
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Falcão MSA, Brunel HDSS, Peixer MAS, Dallago BSL, Costa FF, Queiroz LM, Campbell P, Malard PF. Effect of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on corneal wound healing in dogs. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:440-445. [PMID: 32953559 PMCID: PMC7484966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic MSCs are safety to be transplanted by subconjunctival route. Allogeneic MSCs therapy seems to be efficient in improving corneal healing in dogs. Allogeneic MSCs therapy applied to depth corneal ulcers promoted healing in 14 days. The paracrine effect of MSCs must provide a rapid corneal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauricio A S Peixer
- Bio Cell, SMPW Qd. 05 conj. 05 lote 01 Casa C, 71735-505, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno S L Dallago
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, 70636-200, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Fabricio F Costa
- The Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, University of Chicago, 1452 E 53rd St, Chicago, IL, USA.,Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, 2430 N. Halsted St., Box 220, Chicago, IL, USA.,MATTER Chicago, 222 W. Merchandise Mart Plaza, Suite 12th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60.654, USA.,The Founder Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luis Mauro Queiroz
- International Center for Biotechnology - Cooperative Resources International (CRI-ICB), Mount Horeb, WI, USA
| | - Paula Campbell
- International Center for Biotechnology - Cooperative Resources International (CRI-ICB), Mount Horeb, WI, USA
| | - Patricia F Malard
- Bio Cell, SMPW Qd. 05 conj. 05 lote 01 Casa C, 71735-505, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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11
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Sato K, Kanai K, Ozaki M, Kagawa T, Kita M, Yamashita Y, Nagai N, Tajima K. Preventive effects of tyrosol, a natural phenolic compound, on anterior uveitis induced by anterior chamber paracentesis in healthy beagle dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:573-576. [PMID: 30799325 PMCID: PMC6483907 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of tyrosol (Tyr) on anterior chamber paracentesis
(ACP)–induced anterior uveitis in beagle dogs, as determined by protein and prostaglandin
E2 (PGE2) concentrations in the aqueous humor (AH). Tyr at a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg or
2.2 mg/kg of carprofen as a positive control was administered orally twice daily from 2.5
days before paracentesis. The initial ACP was performed in one eye of individual dogs and
0.5 ml AH was aspirated. The secondary AH was collected 60 min later.
Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of Tyr and carprofen significantly decreased aqueous protein
and PGE2 concentrations compared to the control group. Overall, these findings suggested
that Tyr was useful for the management of canine anterior uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Sato
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kanai
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Maiko Ozaki
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kagawa
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kita
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamashita
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine II, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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12
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Sande PH, Álvarez J, Calcagno J, Rosenstein RE. Preliminary findings on the effect of melatonin on the clinical outcome of cataract surgery in dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2015; 19:184-94. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo H. Sande
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology; Department of Human Biochemistry; School of Medicine/CEFyBO; University of Buenos Aires/CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Javier Álvarez
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology; Department of Human Biochemistry; School of Medicine/CEFyBO; University of Buenos Aires/CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Javier Calcagno
- CEBBAD- Natural and Anthropological Sciences; Superior Research Institute; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ruth E. Rosenstein
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology; Department of Human Biochemistry; School of Medicine/CEFyBO; University of Buenos Aires/CONICET; Buenos Aires Argentina
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Abstract
Feline viral diseases are common and cats can be presented with a variety of clinical manifestations. Ocular disease associated with viral pathogens is not unusual, particularly with viruses causing upper respiratory tract disease in cats, such as feline herpesvirus type 1 and feline calicivirus. These agents mainly cause ocular surface disease. Other viruses, such as feline immunodeficiency virus and feline coronavirus, can cause uveitis, while feline leukemia virus can induce ocular lymphosarcoma. This review covers the most common viral pathogens of cats that cause ocular manifestations, the specific features of the ocular diseases caused by these viruses and therapeutic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Stiles
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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14
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Ribeiro AP, Crivelaro RM, Teixeira PPM, Trujillo DY, Guimarães PJ, Vicente WRR, Martins BDC, Laus JL. Effects of different mydriatics on intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, and ruminal and intestinal motility in healthy sheep. Vet Ophthalmol 2013; 17:397-402. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P. Ribeiro
- College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine; Federal University of Mato Grosso; Av. Fernando Corra da Costa, n° 2367 Bairro Boa Esperança 78060-900 Cuiab MT Brazil
| | - Roberta M. Crivelaro
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo M. Teixeira
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Dunia Y. Trujillo
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Patrícia J. Guimarães
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Wilter Ricardo R. Vicente
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - Bianca da C. Martins
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil
| | - José Luiz Laus
- College of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences; São Paulo State University; Via de Acesso Prof.Paulo Donato Castellane s/n 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Brazil
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15
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Plasma and ocular prednisolone disposition after oral treatment in cats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:209439. [PMID: 24069591 PMCID: PMC3773412 DOI: 10.1155/2013/209439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the plasma and aqueous humor disposition of prednisolone after oral administration in cats.
Methods. Six cats were administered with a single oral dose of prednisolone (10 mg). Blood and aqueous humor samples were serially collected after drug administration. Prednisolone concentrations in plasma and aqueous humor were measured at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 h after administration by a high-performance liquid chromatographic analytical method developed and validated for this purpose.
Results. Mean ± standard error (SE) of maximum plasma prednisolone concentration (300.8 ± 67.3 ng/mL) was reached at 1 h after administration. Prednisolone was distributed to the aqueous humor reaching a mean peak concentration of 100.9 ± 25.5 ng/mL at 1.25 h after administration. The mean ± SE systemic and aqueous humor exposure (AUC) was 553.3 ± 120.0 ng∗h/mL and 378.8 ± 64.9 ng∗h/mL, respectively. A high AUCaqueous humor/AUCplasma ratio was observed (0.68 ± 0.13). The mean half-life time of elimination in plasma and aqueous humor was 0.87 ± 0.16 h and 2.25 ± 0.44 h, respectively.
Clinical Significance. The observed high ratio between aqueous humor and plasma prednisolone concentrations indicates that extensive penetration of prednisolone to the anterior segment of the eye may occur. This is the first step that contributes to the optimization of the pharmacological therapeutics for the clinical treatment of uveitis.
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16
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Langlois DK, Pelosi A, Kruger JM. Successful Treatment of Intracardiac and Intraocular Blastomycosis in a Dog with Combination Azole Therapy. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2013; 49:273-80. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 4 yr old spayed female Labrador retriever with clinical signs of blindness, cutaneous lesions, coughing, inappetence, and lethargy was diagnosed with disseminated blastomycosis based on cytologic (skin and lymph node aspirates) and histopathologic (skin biopsy) examinations of tissue samples. The dog deteriorated clinically during hospitalization and developed sustained ventricular tachycardia. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion, a nodule associated with the left ventricular papillary muscle, and a right atrial mural lesion. Therapy for myocardial performance and glaucoma was initiated. A combination of itraconazole and fluconazole successfully treated the dog. The dog regained vision in the left eye (oculus sinister [OS]) and had no residual cardiac disease detectable by either electrocardiography or echocardiography. This report is unique in documenting survival from intracardiac blastomycosis and in the use of combination azole therapy for treating disseminated disease with intraocular involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Langlois
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Augusta Pelosi
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - John M. Kruger
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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17
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Bessonova J, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Bäumer W, Kietzmann M. Tissue distribution of dexamethasone in feline ocular structures following single topical application of dexamethasone as an ointment or suspension. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14:109-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Ribeiro A, Escobar A, Motheo T, Sakamoto C, Godoy G, Costa M, Laus J. Effects of carprofen administered by different routes to control experimental uveitis in dogs. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352010000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of carprofen, administered by different routes, was studied in experimental uveitis in dogs. Anterior chamber paracenteses was accomplished at two different moments (M0 and M1), with a five hour interval between them. At M0 and M1, 0.2mL of aqueous humor was collected and quantitation of total protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined. Four groups were formed (n=8), which received carprofen at the end of M0, by the following routes: subcutaneous (GIm), subconjunctival (GII), and topical (GIII). A fourth group that received no treatment was instituted (Control). Conjunctival histopathology of the GII animals was performed. In all groups, values of protein and PGE2 significantly enhanced at M1; however, they did not significantly change among groups at M1. Inflammatory exudate of acute character and mild hemorrhage were seen at histopathology after carprofen administration. Carprofen was unable to inhibit PGE2 synthesis and the protein influx to the anterior chamber by any of the tested routes. However, the reduction of 44% in protein levels (topical) suggests that the agent can be used by this route as an adjuvant to control uveitis in dogs.
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19
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Ledbetter EC, Kice NC, Matusow RB, Dubovi EJ, Kim SG. The effect of topical ocular corticosteroid administration in dogs with experimentally induced latent canine herpesvirus-1 infection. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:711-7. [PMID: 20223234 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) ocular infection is a frequent cause of morbidity and blindness. Factors that trigger viral reactivation are poorly understood and the role of topical ocular corticosteroid administration in the development of recurrent HSV-1 ocular disease is not clear. Clinical reports and epidemiological studies suggested topical corticosteroids may reactivate latent HSV-1 and result in recrudescent ocular disease; however, experimental studies to establish this causal relationship produced inconsistent results. The previous experimental studies were performed by infecting unnatural host species with HSV-1 and aspects of viral behavior and reactivation within these animals may differ from the host for which the virus is adapted. The purpose of the study reported here was to determine if topical ocular corticosteroid administration results in viral reactivation and recrudescent ocular disease in a host-adapted pathogen animal model of HSV-1 recurrent ocular disease. Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is a corticosteroid-sensitive alphaherpesvirus that is biologically related to HSV-1 and induces similar ocular lesions in canids during recurrent infection. A randomized, masked, placebo-controlled, crossover study was performed. Primary ocular CHV-1 infection was experimentally induced in mature specific pathogen-free beagles by topical ocular inoculation and the presence of reactivatable latency was later confirmed by administration of an immunosuppressive dosage of systemic corticosteroid to the dogs. Twelve months following experimental CHV-1 reactivation, dogs were administered either topical ocular prednisolone acetate (1.0% ophthalmic suspension, one drop in both eyes, four times daily) or placebo (artificial tear solution, one drop in both eyes, four times daily) for 28 days. After a 14 day washout period, the treatment groups were reversed and study agents administered for an additional 28 days. Ophthalmic examinations, in vivo ocular confocal microscopy, real-time quantitative CHV-1 polymerase chain reaction assays, and CHV-1 serum neutralization antibody titers were performed at regular intervals throughout the study. Viral reactivation was not detected in dogs administered topical ocular prednisolone or placebo as determined by clinical ocular disease recrudescence, in vivo ocular confocal microscopic findings, ocular viral shedding, and serologic response. Similar to other animal models of recurrent HSV-1 ocular infection, the behavior of latent CHV-1 in dogs may differ from HSV-1 in humans; however, results of the present study suggest administration of topical ocular prednisolone at the evaluated drug concentration, dosing frequency, and treatment duration is not likely to result in detectable reactivation of latent CHV-1 in experimentally infected dogs. This may be attributed to insufficient systemic absorption of locally administered corticosteroid to reactivate latent virus and produce recurrent disease. Crystalline corneal opacities that were apparently not associated with viral reactivation were detected by clinical examination and in vivo confocal microscopy in two dogs during topical ocular prednisolone administration. The crystalline keratopathy may have resulted from corneal degeneration associated with metaherpetic disease, corticosteroid administration, or a combination of both factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Ledbetter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The clinical signs of uveitis occur as a result of inflammation within the vascular coat of the eye, which causes breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and blood-retinal barrier. Many infectious and noninfectious causes can incite episodes of uveitis. Although a complete diagnostic evaluation is highly recommended to identify any underlying etiologic agent, many cases remain idiopathic in nature. The goals of therapy are preserving vision, minimizing pain, and halting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy M Townsend
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, D208 Veterinary Medical Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1314, USA.
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21
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Finn MJ, Stiles J, Krohne SG. Visual outcome in a group of dogs with ocular blastomycosis treated with systemic antifungals and systemic corticosteroids. Vet Ophthalmol 2007; 10:299-303. [PMID: 17760709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the success of the use of systemic corticosteroids and antifungal medications in the treatment of dogs with ocular lesions associated with systemic blastomycosis. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS STUDIED Medical records of 25 dogs diagnosed with blastomycosis, via either cytology or histopathology, at the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1 January 2000 and 1 January 2005, were reviewed. PROCEDURE Data collected from the medical records included signalment, presence and progression of ocular lesions, antifungal drugs administered, oral and topical corticosteroid administration, length of follow-up, response to treatment, and visual outcome. RESULTS Of the 25 cases reviewed, 12 dogs (19 eyes) with follow-up information were found to have lesions consistent with ocular blastomycosis. Length of follow-up in the 12 cases ranged from 1 month to 31 months with a mean of 9 months. Antifungal therapy for all cases consisted of oral itraconazole (5 mg/kg every 24 h) initially. In seven cases, the antifungal drug administered was changed from itraconazole to oral fluconazole. Two of these also received intravenous amphotericin B, and two received additional treatment with itraconazole. All 12 dogs also received oral prednisone. The dose of oral prednisone utilized ranged from 0.2 mg/kg/day to 1.4 mg/kg/day with a mean of 0.7 mg/kg/day; the duration of oral prednisone administration ranged from 2 weeks to 8.5 months with a mean of 3 months. Topical prednisolone was a component of the treatment of 16 of the 19 eyes. Duration of topical prednisolone treatment ranged from 1 month to 30 months with a mean of 5 months. Lesions not located in the eyes exhibited a positive response to treatment in 11 (92%) of the 12 dogs. Overall, 14/19 (74%) affected eyes were visual at the time of their final recheck. All eyes with mild or moderate lesions and 5/10 (50%) severely affected eyes were visual at their last recorded recheck examination. CONCLUSIONS The administration of systemic corticosteroids did not appear to adversely affect the survival rate and might have played a role in preservation of vision in a majority of dogs in this group with ocular blastomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Finn
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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22
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Gayton JL. A clinical comparison of two different prednisolone acetate formulations in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21:1291-5. [PMID: 16083539 DOI: 10.1185/030079905x56538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two topical steroid prednisolone preparations (Econopred Plus 1%, prednisolone acetate 1%: EPP; Pred Fortedagger 1%, prednisolone acetate 1%: PF) in reducing postoperative inflammation in cataract patients. METHODS This was a 4 week, randomized, parallel-group, single-center, active-controlled study. One group of patients received postoperative topical EPP while the other group received postoperative topical PF. Both medications were dosed 4 times per day for 14 days and then BID until the container was empty. Both groups of patients received diclofenac sodium QID for 14 days and hydroxypropyl guar (HP-Guar, Systane) QID for 7 days then PRN (or as directed). The presence of corneal surface keratitis, anterior chamber cells and flare (scales 0-3 for keratitis, 0-5 for cells and 0-4 for flare; 0 = none) was evaluated by slit lamp biomicroscopy. RESULTS EPP produced significantly lower (P < 0.05) anterior chamber flare scores 14 days following surgery (mean +/- SD: 0.86 +/- 0.53) than PF (1.08 +/- 0.40). Otherwise, there were no differences observed between the 2 treatments with respect to keratitis, anterior chamber flare or cells at postop days 1, 7, or 28. CONCLUSIONS This comparative trial demonstrated that both formulations of prednisolone acetate 1% have similar efficacy in the treatment of postoperative ophthalmologic inflammation.
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