1
|
Mojarradi A, De Decker S, Van Meervenne S. Once-a-day oral treatment with phenobarbital in cats with presumptive idiopathic epilepsy. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231196806. [PMID: 37747329 PMCID: PMC10812035 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231196806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phenobarbital (PB) q12h is the most common treatment recommendation for cats with recurrent epileptic seizures. Medicating cats may be challenging and result in decreased quality of life for both cat and owner. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate treatment with oral PB q24h in cats with presumptive idiopathic epilepsy. METHODS Nine cats with presumptive idiopathic epilepsy, receiving oral PB q24h, were included in a retrospective descriptive study. RESULTS Seizure remission was achieved in 88% (8/9) of the cats and good seizure control in 12% (1/9) of the cats, treated with a mean dose of oral PB of 2.6 mg/kg q24h (range 1.4-3.8 mg/kg). No cats required an increase of their PB frequency at any time during a mean follow-up period of 3.5 years (range 1.1-8.0 years). No cats displayed side effects or issues with compliance at the last recorded follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Once-a-day administration of PB for feline epilepsy was safe and resulted in satisfactory seizure control for the nine cats included in this study. The results of this study justify exploring this topic further in larger prospective studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abtin Mojarradi
- IVC Evidensia Referral Hospital in Helsingborg, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Steven De Decker
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hasegawa D, Kanazono S, Chambers JK, Uchida K. Neurosurgery in feline epilepsy, including clinicopathology of feline epilepsy syndromes. Vet J 2022; 290:105928. [PMID: 36347391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Feline epilepsy is treated with antiseizure medications, which achieves fair to good seizure control. However, a small subset of feline patients with drug-resistant epilepsy requires alternative therapies. Furthermore, approximately 50 % of cats with epileptic seizures are diagnosed with structural epilepsy with or without hippocampal abnormality and may respond to surgical intervention. The presence of hippocampal pathology and intracranial tumors is a key point to consider for surgical treatment. This review describes feline epilepsy syndrome and epilepsy-related pathology, and discusses the indications for and availability of neurosurgery, including lesionectomy, temporal lobectomy with hippocampectomy, and corpus callosotomy, for cats with different epilepsy types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan; The Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Kanazono
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Veterinary Specialists and Emergency Center, 815 Ishigami, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0823, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hermans M, Charalambous M, Pakozdy A, Eisl-Glantschnigg U, Neßler J, Van Meervenne SAE, Serrano G, Cornelis I, Van Ham L, Paepe D, Broeckx BJG, Bhatti SFM. Evaluation of the effect of phenobarbital administration on the biochemistry profile, with a focus on serum liver values, in epileptic cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:530-538. [PMID: 34387120 PMCID: PMC11104244 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211037431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phenobarbital (PB) is the most common antiseizure drug (ASD) used for the management of feline epilepsy. In dogs, PB is known to cause serum liver enzyme induction and hepatotoxicity, especially after administration long term or in high concentrations. In cats, insufficient evidence is available to draw similar conclusions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PB administration on the serum biochemistry profile of epileptic cats. As an additional objective, other adverse effects arising, related to PB treatment, were recorded. METHODS Medical records of four veterinary centres were retrospectively reviewed for epileptic cats receiving PB treatment. Cats were included if they had a diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy or structural epilepsy; a normal baseline serum biochemistry profile; at least one follow-up serum biochemistry profile; no concurrent disease or had not received medication that could possibly influence liver function or lead to serum liver enzyme induction. Alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities, and total bilirubin, bile acids, glucose, albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine concentrations before and during PB administration were recorded. PB serum concentration was also recorded, when available. RESULTS Thirty-three cats (24 males, nine females) with a median age of 3 years (range 2 months to 12 years) met the inclusion criteria. Idiopathic or structural epilepsy was diagnosed in 25 (76%) and eight (24%) cats, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 9 to 62 months. This study found an increase in ALT in three cats, possibly related to a PB serum concentration >30 µg/ml. No statistically significant increase in serum liver enzymes or other evaluated biochemistry parameters was found by comparing pre- and post-treatment parameters. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE PB administration did not result in hepatic enzyme induction or other biochemical abnormalities in cats. This strengthens the safety profile of PB as an ASD in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hermans
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marios Charalambous
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Akos Pakozdy
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Eisl-Glantschnigg
- Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Neßler
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Gonçalo Serrano
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ine Cornelis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Ham
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart JG Broeckx
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie FM Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tenger M, Van Meervenne S, Varjonen K, Tidholm A, Rohdin C. Epilepsy in British Shorthair cats in Sweden. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:550-557. [PMID: 34431738 PMCID: PMC11104252 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211036795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of epileptic seizures and of presumed idiopathic epilepsy (PIE, describing epilepsy of unknown origin) in a cohort of British Shorthair (BSH) cats in Sweden. The secondary objective was to describe epileptic seizure characteristics and outcome for cats with PIE. METHODS Owners of BSH cats born between 2006 and 2016 and registered with SVERAK (the Swedish Cat Clubs' National Association) were invited to reply to a questionnaire about their cat's general health. Owners who indicated that their cat had experienced epileptic seizures were invited to participate in an in-depth telephone interview about the epileptic seizures. The clinical characteristics of epileptic seizures in BSH cats were determined from the results of the interview. RESULTS In this population comprising 1645 BSH cats (representing 28% of registered BSHs), the prevalence of epileptic seizures was 0.9% and for PIE it was 0.7%. BSH cats with PIE presented with infrequent but consistent epileptic seizures. Twenty-seven percent of BSH cats with epileptic seizures had cluster seizures but none presented with status epilepticus. None of the BSH cats was treated with antiepileptic drugs, and none of the owners reported epileptic seizure remission in their cat. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The prevalence of PIE in this population of BSH cats was 0.7%. The prevalence of epileptic seizures was 0.9%. In general, PIE in the BSH cat displayed a relatively benign phenotype where progression of epileptic seizures was uncommon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Tidholm
- Anicura Albano Small Animal Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Rohdin
- Anicura Albano Small Animal Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
James M, Garosi L, Bessant C, Lowrie M. Phenotypic characterisation of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Sphynx cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:500-505. [PMID: 34313487 PMCID: PMC11104236 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211032123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the phenotypic features of a paroxysmal dyskinesia observed in Sphynx cats. METHODS The owners of affected Sphynx cats were invited to provide video footage of abnormal episodes for review. Those that demonstrated episodes consistent with paroxysmal dyskinesia were then invited to complete an online questionnaire designed to allow further characterisation. RESULTS Ten Sphynx cats were included in the study. All affected cats were <4 years of age at the onset of the episodes (range 0.5-4.0). The episodes had a duration of <5 mins in 9/10 cats (range 0.5-10), while episode frequency was variable between and within individual cats. The episodes were characterised by impaired ambulation due to muscle hypertonicity, most commonly affecting the hips and pelvic limbs (9/10) and shoulders and thoracic limbs (8/10). The head and neck (6/10), tail (5/10), and back and abdomen (3/10) were also involved in some cats. Sudden movement, excitement and stress were identified as possible triggers for the episodes in three cats. Therapeutic intervention was not attempted in 7/10 cases, although two cats were reported to become free of the episodes while receiving acetazolamide. The two cats that were followed beyond 2 years from onset entered spontaneous remission. None of the owners believed that the abnormal episodes had affected the quality of life of their cat. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The phenotype of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Sphynx cats presented in this study appears to share similarities with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia described in human classification systems. Some cats appear to achieve episode freedom spontaneously. Subsequent research should focus on evaluating response to treatment and determining an underlying genetic cause.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mizuno S, Asada R, Hasegawa D. Questionnaire survey on the usage of antiseizure drugs for dogs and cats in Japanese veterinary hospitals (2020). Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1466-1471. [PMID: 35442522 PMCID: PMC9297804 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in veterinary medicine. Recently, evidence‐based recommendations or systematic reviews for using antiseizure drugs (ASDs) in dogs and cats have been published, but there are many differences in economic, geographical, and historical backgrounds and/or the availability of each ASD between countries. In the present study, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the usage of ASDs in 511 veterinary hospitals in Japan in 2020. As a result, zonisamide (ZNS) was the most commonly prescribed drug for idiopathic (83%) and structural epilepsy (76%) in dogs. In cats, phenobarbital was the most frequently prescribed drug for idiopathic (48%) and structural epilepsy (51%), but ZNS was also commonly prescribed (41% and 36%, respectively). Additionally, ZNS was the most frequently used ASD in combination therapy for canine idiopathic epilepsy. We also surveyed the frequency of measuring ASD blood levels; however, a relatively high percentage of hospitals (22%) did not perform such measurements. Although the evidence level for ZNS is still poor for both species, it is generally used as the first‐line ASD in Japan. A large‐scale and higher evidential study for ZNS and the education of practitioners for adequate antiseizure medication are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Mizuno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikako Asada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pakozdy A. Improving the quality of life of epileptic cats and their owners through effective medication strategies. Vet Rec 2021; 189:436-437. [PMID: 34860373 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akos Pakozdy
- Small Animal Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gómez Álvarez CM, Soler Arias EA. Feline hyperesthesia syndrome: Epilepsy as possible aetiology in two cats. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elber Alberto Soler Arias
- Hospital Escuela Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Buenos Aires Argentina
- Endovett Endocrinologia Veterinaria Buenos Aires Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Henning J, Nielson T, Nettifee J, Muñana K, Hazel S. Understanding the impacts of feline epilepsy on cats and their owners. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e836. [PMID: 34426972 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition reported in cats. Characterised by recurrent seizures, treatment involves the administration of anti-epileptic drugs up to multiple times a day. Epilepsy and its associated treatments may impact both cats and their owners. The present study aimed to assess factors associated with quality of life (QOL) in cats with epilepsy and the burden of care in their owners. METHODS An online survey was developed using demographic information and the following validated measures: cat QOL, Zarit burden interview (ZBI) and the cat owner relationship scale (CORS). Regression analysis was conducted using SPSS 26. RESULTS Responses were completed by 141 owners from 22 countries. QOL was significantly higher in cats with controlled seizures, no adverse effects from medication and epilepsy onset before 5 years of age. ZBI was significantly lower in owners who felt supported by their veterinarian, who were over 55 and had cats with controlled seizures. Higher CORS was significantly correlated with both higher cat QOL and lower owner ZBI. CONCLUSIONS Adequate seizure control and close cat-owner relationships may play an important role in mitigating the impact of epilepsy on cats and their owners. Further research into understanding cat-owner relationships and successfully controlling epilepsy in cats is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Henning
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Torben Nielson
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Julie Nettifee
- NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Karen Muñana
- NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Susan Hazel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marsh O, Corsini G, Van Dijk J, Gutierrez-Quintana R, De Risio L. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of phenobarbitone-associated adverse effects in epileptic cats. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:59-66. [PMID: 32484071 PMCID: PMC10741352 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20924925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study objective was to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of phenobarbitone-associated adverse effects in epileptic cats. METHODS The medical records of two veterinary referral clinics from 2007 to 2017 were searched for cats fulfilling the inclusion criteria of a diagnosis of epilepsy, treatment with phenobarbitone and available follow-up information on the occurrence of adverse effects. Follow-up information was obtained from the medical records of the primary veterinarian and referral institutions and a questionnaire completed by the cats' owners. RESULTS Seventy-seven cats met the inclusion criteria. Fifty-eight were affected by idiopathic epilepsy and 19 by structural epilepsy. One or more of the following adverse effects were reported in 47% of the cats: sedation (89%); ataxia (53%); polyphagia (22%); polydipsia (6%); polyuria (6%); and anorexia (6%). Logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between adverse effect occurrence and both phenobarbitone starting dosage and administration of a second antiepileptic drug (AED). For each 1 mg/kg q12h increment of phenobarbitone, the likelihood of adverse effects increased 3.1 times. When a second AED was used, the likelihood of adverse effects increased 3.2 times. No association was identified between epilepsy aetiology and adverse effect occurrence. An idiosyncratic adverse effect, characterised by severe neutropenia and granulocytic hypoplasia, was diagnosed in one cat. This resolved following phenobarbitone discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The prevalence of phenobarbitone-associated adverse effects was 47%. Sedation and ataxia were most common. These are type A adverse effects and are predictable from phenobarbitone's known pharmacological properties. In the majority of cases, adverse effects occurred within the first month of treatment and were transient. Idiosyncratic (type B) adverse effects, which were not anticipated given the known properties of the drug, occurred in one cat. Increased phenobarbitone starting dosage and the addition of a second AED were significantly associated with the occurrence of adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Marsh
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service,
Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| | - Giulia Corsini
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service,
Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| | - Jan Van Dijk
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal
Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| | | | - Luisa De Risio
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service,
Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zilli J, Kressin M, Schänzer A, Kampschulte M, Schmidt MJ. Partial cortico-hippocampectomy in cats, as therapy for refractory temporal epilepsy: A descriptive cadaveric study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244892. [PMID: 33449929 PMCID: PMC7810294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats, similar to humans, are known to be affected by hippocampal sclerosis (HS), potentially causing antiepileptic drug (AED) resistance. HS can occur as a consequence of chronic seizure activity, trauma, inflammation, or even as a primary disease. In humans, temporal lobe resection is the standardized therapy in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The majority of TLE patients are seizure free after surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective cadaveric study is to establish a surgical technique for hippocampal resection in cats as a treatment for AED resistant seizures. Ten cats of different head morphology were examined. Pre-surgical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) studies of the animals’ head were carried out to complete 3D reconstruction of the head, brain, and hippocampus. The resected hippocampal specimens and the brains were histologically examined for tissue injury adjacent to the hippocampus. The feasibility of the procedure, as well as the usability of the removed specimen for histopathological examination, was assessed. Moreover, a micro-CT (mCT) examination of the brain of two additional cats was performed in order to assess temporal vasculature as a reason for possible intraoperative complications. In all cats but one, the resection of the temporal cortex and the hippocampus were successful without any evidence of traumatic or vascular lesions in the surrounding neurovascular structures. In one cat, the presence of mechanical damage (a fissure) of the thalamic surface was evident in the histopathologic examination of the brain post-resection. All hippocampal fields and the dentate gyrus were identified in the majority of the cats via histological examination. The study describes a new surgical approach (partial temporal cortico-hippocampectomy) offering a potential treatment for cats with clinical and diagnostic evidence of temporal epilepsy which do not respond adequately to the medical therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Zilli
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Monika Kressin
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Martin J. Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barnes Heller HL. Update on Anticonvulsant Therapy in the Emergent Small Animal Patient. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2020; 50:1423-1431. [PMID: 32859402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seizures are common in veterinary patients and control is critical to the overall patient health. The benzodiazepine class of drugs (diazepam, midazolam, and lorazepam) often are the drug class of choice; however, levetiracetam and propofol also have been gaining favor as anticonvulsant drugs for acute seizure management. After cessation of seizures, practitioners then can discuss long-term seizure control on a case-by-case basis with clients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Barnes Heller
- Barnes Veterinary Specialty Services, LLC, 1125 Frisch Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Case summary A 3-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat developed pancytopenia 6 months after starting phenobarbital for treatment of recurrent seizures. The cat was switched from phenobarbital to levetiracetam and complete resolution of the pancytopenia was documented within 10 weeks, consistent with phenobarbital-induced pancytopenia. Relevance and novel information While phenobarbital is frequently used as the first-line treatment for seizures in cats, phenobarbital-induced feline pancytopenia has not been documented in the veterinary literature before. Based on this case, regular monitoring of the complete blood count in cats receiving long-term phenobarbital treatment should be considered. In cases of persistent or severe haematological abnormalities, further investigations are required and treatment discontinuation may be needed in the absence of other causes of pancytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lyraki
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - Helen Wilson
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brady S, Bell E, Courtman N, Chevoir ML. Nasal dermoid cyst with intracranial extension in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919827404. [PMID: 30792875 PMCID: PMC6376515 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919827404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 11-month-old female neutered Ragdoll cat was presented for focal seizures, aggression and altered behaviour. A diagnosis of a nasal dermoid cyst with intracranial extension was made following MRI, cytology and histopathology. The cyst was surgically excised with a resolution of clinical signs, with the exception of ongoing seizure activity requiring anti-seizure medication. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a nasal dermoid cyst in a cat, and the first reported case in the veterinary literature of any species with a nasal dermoid cyst presenting with neurological signs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Brady
- Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erin Bell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sydney Veterinary Emergency & Specialists, Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalie Courtman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthias Le Chevoir
- Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reactive seizures in cats: A retrospective study of 64 cases. Vet J 2019; 244:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
16
|
Hazenfratz M, Taylor SM. Recurrent seizures in cats: Diagnostic approach - when is it idiopathic epilepsy? J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20:811-823. [PMID: 30139320 PMCID: PMC10816265 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18791873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Practical relevance: Seizures are one of the most common neurologic problems recognized in cats, affecting approximately 1-3% of the general population. Treatment options and prognosis are closely related to the underlying cause, so it is important that veterinarians are familiar with the diagnostic approach to cats with seizures and options for medical management. Series outline: This is the first of a two-part article series that reviews the diagnosis and treatment of seizures in cats. Part 1 outlines the classification and terminology used to describe epilepsy and epileptic seizures in cats, and discusses some of the most common and unique causes of recurrent seizures in cats. The diagnostic approach to cats with recurrent seizures is addressed, as are criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. AUDIENCE This review of recurrent seizures in cats is intended for all veterinarians who are facing the challenges of seizure diagnosis and management in the feline patient. Evidence base: Recommendations for diagnosis and management of feline seizure disorders have historically been extrapolated from the canine and human literature. The information and guidance provided in this two-part series is based on a review of the recent published literature addressing seizure disorders and antiepileptic treatment in cats, as well as the authors' clinical experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hazenfratz
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Susan M Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hazenfratz M, Taylor SM. Recurrent seizures in cats: Treatment - which antiepileptic drugs are recommended? J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20:825-834. [PMID: 30139319 PMCID: PMC10816270 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18791874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Practical relevance: Seizures are one of the most common neurological problems recognized in cats, affecting approximately 1-3% of the general population. Treatment options and prognosis are closely related to the underlying cause, so it is important that veterinarians are familiar with the diagnostic approach to cats with seizures and options for medical management. Series outline: This is the second of a two-part article series that reviews the diagnosis and treatment of seizures in cats. Part 2 describes chronic medical treatment options and prognosis for cats with recurrent seizures, and acute treatment of status epilepticus. AUDIENCE This review of recurrent seizures in cats is intended for all veterinarians who are facing the challenges of seizure diagnosis and management in the feline patient. Evidence base: Recommendations for diagnosis and management of feline seizure disorders have historically been extrapolated from the canine and human literature. The information and guidance provided in this two-part series is based on a review of the recent published literature addressing seizure disorders and antiepileptic treatment in cats, as well as the authors' clinical experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hazenfratz
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Susan M Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|