1
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Hamrangsekachaee M, Wen K, Bencherif SA, Ebong EE. Atherosclerosis and endothelial mechanotransduction: current knowledge and models for future research. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C488-C504. [PMID: 36440856 PMCID: PMC10069965 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00449.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium health is essential to the regulation of physiological vascular functions. Because of the critical capability of endothelial cells (ECs) to sense and transduce chemical and mechanical signals in the local vascular environment, their dysfunction is associated with a vast variety of vascular diseases and injuries, especially atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. This review describes the mechanotransduction events that are mediated through ECs, the EC subcellular components involved, and the pathways reported to be potentially involved. Up-to-date research efforts involving in vivo animal models and in vitro biomimetic models are also discussed, including their advantages and drawbacks, with recommendations on future modeling approaches to aid the development of novel therapies targeting atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sidi A Bencherif
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie, UMR CNRS 7388, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne, Compiègne, France
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Neuroscience Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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2
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Targeting CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Mascharak S, desJardins-Park HE, Davitt MF, Guardino NJ, Gurtner GC, Wan DC, Longaker MT. Modulating Cellular Responses to Mechanical Forces to Promote Wound Regeneration. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 11:479-495. [PMID: 34465219 PMCID: PMC9245727 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Skin scarring poses a major biomedical burden for hundreds of millions of patients annually. However, this burden could be mitigated by therapies that promote wound regeneration, with full recovery of skin's normal adnexa, matrix ultrastructure, and mechanical strength. Recent Advances: The observation of wound regeneration in several mouse models suggests a retained capacity for postnatal mammalian skin to regenerate under the right conditions. Mechanical forces are a major contributor to skin fibrosis and a prime target for devices and therapeutics that could promote skin regeneration. Critical Issues: Wound-induced hair neogenesis, Acomys "spiny" mice, Murphy Roths Large mice, and mice treated with mechanotransduction inhibitors all show various degrees of wound regeneration. Comparison of regenerating wounds in these models against scarring wounds reveals differences in extracellular matrix interactions and in mechanosensitive activation of key signaling pathways, including Wnt, Sonic hedgehog, focal adhesion kinase, and Yes-associated protein. The advent of single-cell "omics" technologies has deepened this understanding and revealed that regeneration may recapitulate development in certain contexts, although it is unknown whether these mechanisms are relevant to healing in tight-skinned animals such as humans. Future Directions: While early findings in mice are promising, comparison across model systems is needed to resolve conflicting mechanisms and to identify conserved master regulators of skin regeneration. There also remains a dire need for studies on mechanomodulation of wounds in large, tight-skinned animals, such as red Duroc pigs, which better approximate human wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Mascharak
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Heather E. desJardins-Park
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael F. Davitt
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Guardino
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
| | - Derrick C. Wan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery; Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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4
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Li H, Zhou WY, Xia YY, Zhang JX. Endothelial Mechanosensors for Atheroprone and Atheroprotective Shear Stress Signals. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1771-1783. [PMID: 35300215 PMCID: PMC8923682 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs), derived from the mesoderm, form a single layer of squamous cells that covers the inner surface of blood vessels. In addition to being regulated by chemical signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and blood, ECs are directly confronted to complex hemodynamic environment. These physical inputs are translated into biochemical signals, dictating multiple aspects of cell behaviour and destination, including growth, differentiation, migration, adhesion, death and survival. Mechanosensors are initial responders to changes in mechanical environments, and the overwhelming majority of them are located on the plasma membrane. Physical forces affect plasma membrane fluidity and change of protein complexes on plasma membrane, accompanied by altering intercellular connections, cell-ECM adhesion, deformation of the cytoskeleton, and consequently, transcriptional responses in shaping specific phenotypes. Among the diverse forces exerted on ECs, shear stress (SS), defined as tangential friction force exerted by blood flow, has been extensively studied, from mechanosensing to mechanotransduction, as well as corresponding phenotypes. However, the precise mechanosensors and signalling pathways that determine atheroprone and atheroprotective phenotypes of arteries remain unclear. Moreover, it is worth to mention that some established mechanosensors of atheroprotective SS, endothelial glycocalyx, for example, might be dismantled by atheroprone SS. Therefore, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on mechanosensors in ECs for SS signals. We emphasize how these ECs coordinate or differentially participate in phenotype regulation induced by atheroprone and atheroprotective SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yuan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jun-Xia Zhang, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15366155682, Email
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5
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Manokawinchoke J, Pavasant P, Limjeerajarus CN, Limjeerajarus N, Osathanon T, Egusa H. Mechanical loading and the control of stem cell behavior. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105092. [PMID: 33652301 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical stimulation regulates many cell responses. The present study describes the effects of different in vitro mechanical stimulation approaches on stem cell behavior. DESIGN The narrative review approach was performed. The articles published in English language that addressed the effects of mechanical force on stem cells were searched on Pubmed and Scopus database. The effects of extrinsic mechanical force on stem cell response was reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Cells sense mechanical stimuli by the function of mechanoreceptors and further transduce force stimulation into intracellular signaling. Cell responses to mechanical stimuli depend on several factors including type, magnitude, and duration. Further, similar mechanical stimuli exhibit distinct cell responses based on numerous factors including cell type and differentiation stage. Various mechanical applications modulate stemness maintenance and cell differentiation toward specific lineages. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical force application modulates stemness maintenance and differentiation. Modification of force regimens could be utilized to precisely control appropriate stem cell behavior toward specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nuttapol Limjeerajarus
- Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 10250, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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6
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Sun L, Wen J, Wang L, Wen Q, Wu J, Bie M. Fluid shear stress-induced IL-8/CXCR signaling in human ovarian cancer cells. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:1591-1601. [PMID: 35116902 PMCID: PMC8798993 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.08.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-8 (IL-8) released from mechanosensitive cancer cells plays a key role in the inflammation and metastasis of solid carcinomas. In this study, we have explored IL-8 and its receptors signal transduction process of human ovarian cancer cells under conditions of FSS. Methods After the fluid shear stress was loaded, LightCycler™ system and quantitative sandwich ELISA were employed to assay the IL-8 mRNA expression and protein production, respectively. IL-8 reporter gene pEGFP1-IL8USCS was constructed for determining IL-8 gene transcriptional activation through gene transfer and flow cytometric analysis. NF-κB nuclear translocation was observed by immunocytofluorescent staining. Western blot was used to examine IκB phosphorylation and degradation. RT-PCR, Northern blot and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression of a cell-surface chemokine receptor CXCR2 at mRNA and protein levels. Results IL-8 mRNA expression and protein production had biphasic responses to low shear stress (1.5 dyne/cm2), with the peaks at 1 and 2 h respectively. There was an increase in enhanced green fluorescent protein expression in pEGFP1-IL8USCS-transfected SKOV3 cells subjected to a fluid shear stress of 1.5 dyne/cm2 for 2 h. Following the application of shear stress of 1.5 dyne/cm2, NF-κB p65 became detectable in the cell nuclei, and Phosphorylated IκB in cell lysates increased significantly. CXCR2, which was constitutively present on the surface of SKOV3 cells, increased following exposure to fluid shear stress for 60 min. Conclusions Fluid shear stress triggered IL-8/CXCR2 signaling of SKOV3 cells is an early gene activation, and the activation can be mediated through NF-κB. This observation suggested that fluid shear stress-induced IL-8 activation and the downstream signal pathways may have an important contribution to the pathogenesis and development of both inflammation and metastasis of ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jirui Wen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingjiang Bie
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition), Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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Neubert L, Borchert P, Shin HO, Linz F, Wagner WL, Warnecke G, Laenger F, Haverich A, Stark H, Hoeper MM, Kuehnel M, Ackermann M, Jonigk D. Comprehensive three-dimensional morphology of neoangiogenesis in pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 5:108-114. [PMID: 30697960 PMCID: PMC6463863 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary veno‐occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare lung disease characterized by fibrotic narrowing of pulmonary veins leading to pulmonary hypertension (PH) and finally to death by right heart failure. PVOD is often accompanied by pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH), a marked abnormal proliferation of pulmonary capillaries. Both morphological patterns often occur together and are thought to be distinct manifestations of the same disease process and accordingly are classified together in group 1′ of the Nice classification of PH. The underlying mechanisms of these aberrant remodeling processes remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the three‐dimensional structure of these vascular lesions in the lung explant of a patient diagnosed with PVOD by μ‐computed tomography, microvascular corrosion casting, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, correlative light microscopy and gene expression analysis. We were able to describe multifocal intussusceptive neoangiogenesis and vascular sprouting as the three‐dimensional correlate of progressive PCH, a process dividing pre‐existing vessels by intravascular pillar formation previously only known from embryogenesis and tumor neoangiogenesis. Our findings suggest that venous occlusions in PVOD increase shear and stretching forces in the pulmonary capillary bloodstream and thereby induce intussusceptive neoangiogenesis. These findings can serve as a basis for novel approaches to the analysis of PVOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Borchert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hoen-Oh Shin
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedemann Linz
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Willi L Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,Departement of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Laenger
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,Departement of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Stark
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marius M Hoeper
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Kuehnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
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8
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Zhang Q, Cai L, Wang M, Ke X, Zhao X, Huang Y. Identification of a novel mutation in the mechanoreceptor-encoding gene CXCR1 in patients with keloid. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:561-566. [PMID: 29931443 PMCID: PMC6096561 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are skin fibroproliferative tumors characterized by locally invasive growth of fibroblasts and excessive collagen deposition. The objective of this study is to investigate the molecular basis of the keloid scar by studying the mutation of related genes. We performed gene screening of mechanoreceptors by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Sanger sequencing to detect the CXCR1gene mutation, and immuno-histochemistry to determine CXCR1 protein expression. Among the genes encoding mechanoreceptors, the expression of CXCR1 mRNA was significantly higher in keloid scar tissues than in the surrounding tissues of normal controls (P < 0.05). Sequencing analysis identified a novel missense mutation, c.574G > A (p.Gly192Glu). Immunohistochemistry showed heightened protein expression of CXCR1 in keloid scars as compared to controls. Our findings indicate that CXCR1 gene mutation and altered protein expression are associated with keloid scar development. Identification of the CXCR1 gene mutation might provide insights into the molecular mechanism underlying keloid scar and underscores the potential importance of mechanoreceptors in keloid scar pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguo Zhang
- The Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Liangqi Cai
- The Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Mian Wang
- The Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xiaoping Ke
- The Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- The Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yijin Huang
- The Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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9
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Barnes LA, Marshall CD, Leavitt T, Hu MS, Moore AL, Gonzalez JG, Longaker MT, Gurtner GC. Mechanical Forces in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Emerging Therapies to Minimize Scar Formation. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:47-56. [PMID: 29392093 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2016.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Excessive scarring is major clinical and financial burden in the United States. Improved therapies are necessary to reduce scarring, especially in patients affected by hypertrophic and keloid scars. Recent Advances: Advances in our understanding of mechanical forces in the wound environment enable us to target mechanical forces to minimize scar formation. Fetal wounds experience much lower resting stress when compared with adult wounds, and they heal without scars. Therapies that modulate mechanical forces in the wound environment are able to reduce scar size. Critical Issues: Increased mechanical stresses in the wound environment induce hypertrophic scarring via activation of mechanotransduction pathways. Mechanical stimulation modulates integrin, Wingless-type, protein kinase B, and focal adhesion kinase, resulting in cell proliferation and, ultimately, fibrosis. Therefore, the development of therapies that reduce mechanical forces in the wound environment would decrease the risk of developing excessive scars. Future Directions: The development of novel mechanotherapies is necessary to minimize scar formation and advance adult wound healing toward the scarless ideal. Mechanotransduction pathways are potential targets to reduce excessive scar formation, and thus, continued studies on therapies that utilize mechanical offloading and mechanomodulation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra A. Barnes
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Clement D. Marshall
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Tripp Leavitt
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael S. Hu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | | | - Jennifer G. Gonzalez
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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10
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Zeng Y, Wu J, He X, Li L, Liu X, Liu X. Mechanical microenvironment regulation of age-related diseases involving degeneration of human skeletal and cardiovascular systems. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 148:54-59. [PMID: 28958683 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases involving degeneration of human skeletal and cardiovascular systems are now critical problems worldwide. The current review focuses on a common pathophysiological association between primary osteoporosis and vascular calcification, and reviews the mechanical response of bone cells and vascular cells to mechanical stress, as well as the coordination mechanism for intercellular signaling. With aging, calcium is lost from bones but deposited in the cardiovascular system. Bone metabolism-related molecules, such as alkaline phosphatase, matrix Gla protein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and collagen type I; inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, -6, and tumor necrosis factor; and lipid metabolism related molecules, such as oxidized low density lipoprotein; mediate signaling in primary osteoporosis and vascular calcification. The mechanical microenvironment is a common pathophysiological basis for primary osteoporosis and vascular calcification. Mobilization of calcium from bone to vessel determines the regression rate, which could be controlled using a mechanical microenvironment. We highlight several issues: (1) linked features between primary osteoporosis and vascular calcification, and detailed changes of the mechanical microenvironment in degenerative bone or blood vessels, (2) signaling coordination mechanism between bone and vascular wall cells, and (3) calcium translocation mechanism. The degree to which these issues can be solved will help develop prevention and treatment strategies for age-related regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xueling He
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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11
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Xiao B, Chai Y, Lv S, Ye M, Wu M, Xie L, Fan Y, Zhu X, Gao Z. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes protect SH-SY5Y nerve cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1201-1209. [PMID: 28849073 PMCID: PMC5593464 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a leading cause of death and disability. A previous study indicated that remote ischemic postconditioning (RIP) in the treatment of cerebral ischemia reduces ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, the authors hypothesized that the protective effect of RIP on neurological damage is mediated by exosomes that are released by endothelial cells in femoral arteries. To test this, right middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion with RIP was performed in rats. In addition, an I/R injury cell model was tested that included human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and SH-SY5Y cells. Both the in vivo and in vitro models were examined for injury. Markers of exosomes (CD63, HSP70 and TSG101) were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Exosomes were extracted from both animal serum and HUVEC culture medium and identified by electron microscopy. They investigated the role of endothelial cell-derived exosomes in the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion of I/R-injured SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, apoptosis-related molecules caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected. RIP was determined to increase the number of exosomes and the expression levels of CD63, HSP70 and TSG101 in plasma, but not in brain hippocampal tissue. The size of exosomes released after I/R in HUVECs was similar to the size of exosomes released in rats subjected to RIP. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes partly suppressed the I/R-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in SH-SY5Y nerve cells. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes directly protect nerve cells against I/R injury, and are responsible for the protective role of RIP in I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shigang Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Miaojing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanghua Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Abdalrahman T, Dubuis L, Green J, Davies N, Franz T. Cellular mechanosensitivity to substrate stiffness decreases with increasing dissimilarity to cell stiffness. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:2063-2075. [PMID: 28733924 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Computational modelling has received increasing attention to investigate multi-scale coupled problems in micro-heterogeneous biological structures such as cells. In the current study, we investigated for a single cell the effects of (1) different cell-substrate attachment (2) and different substrate modulus [Formula: see text] on intracellular deformations. A fibroblast was geometrically reconstructed from confocal micrographs. Finite element models of the cell on a planar substrate were developed. Intracellular deformations due to substrate stretch of [Formula: see text], were assessed for: (1) cell-substrate attachment implemented as full basal contact (FC) and 124 focal adhesions (FA), respectively, and [Formula: see text]140 KPa and (2) [Formula: see text], 140, 1000, and 10,000 KPa, respectively, and FA attachment. The largest strains in cytosol, nucleus and cell membrane were higher for FC (1.35[Formula: see text], 0.235[Formula: see text] and 0.6[Formula: see text]) than for FA attachment (0.0952[Formula: see text], 0.0472[Formula: see text] and 0.05[Formula: see text]). For increasing [Formula: see text], the largest maximum principal strain was 4.4[Formula: see text], 5[Formula: see text], 5.3[Formula: see text] and 5.3[Formula: see text] in the membrane, 9.5[Formula: see text], 1.1[Formula: see text], 1.2[Formula: see text] and 1.2[Formula: see text] in the cytosol, and 4.5[Formula: see text], 5.3[Formula: see text], 5.7[Formula: see text] and 5.7[Formula: see text] in the nucleus. The results show (1) the importance of representing FA in cell models and (2) higher cellular mechanical sensitivity for substrate stiffness changes in the range of cell stiffness. The latter indicates that matching substrate stiffness to cell stiffness, and moderate variation of the former is very effective for controlled variation of cell deformation. The developed methodology is useful for parametric studies on cellular mechanics to obtain quantitative data of subcellular strains and stresses that cannot easily be measured experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Abdalrahman
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Laura Dubuis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jason Green
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Neil Davies
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Thomas Franz
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa. .,Bioengineering Science Research Group, Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Mao J, Hu X, Pang P, Zhou B, Li D, Shan H. miR-30e acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma partly via JAK1/STAT3 pathway. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:393-401. [PMID: 28560434 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortalities. The effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets for HCC are still unclear. miR-30e was differentially expressed in the majority of HCC tissues and cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional roles of miR-30e and their modulation of cancer networks in HCC cells. We determined the expression of miR-30e by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and found downregulation of miR-30e in HepG2 and HuH7 cells. miR-30e mimics significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and HuH7 cells, and promoted cell apoptosis, but did not influence the cell cycle. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to identify JAK1 as target of miR-30e. miR-30e mimics downregulated the expression levels of JAK1 and vimentin in mRNA and protein in HepG2 and HuH7 cells. Silence of JAK1 by small interfering RNAs inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, we verified that, IL-6, an agonist of JAK1/STAT3 pathway partly recovered the inhibition of miR-30e mimics on cell migration. Taken together, these findings confirmed our speculation that the functional effect of miR-30e on HCC cells, in part, is dependent on the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. It was suggested that miR-30e has a critical role in the suppression of HCC and presents a novel mechanism of miRNA-mediated JAK1 expression in cancer cells that might be a good prognostic marker for survival of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Mao
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shan
- Center for Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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Chae DS, Han S, Son M, Kim SW. Stromal vascular fraction shows robust wound healing through high chemotactic and epithelialization property. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:543-554. [PMID: 28209525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has been regarded as an attractive stem cell source, its therapeutic mechanism in wound healing has not been fully elucidated. AIMS In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics and therapeutic property of SVF for wound healing. METHODS Microarray data showed that SVF cells are enriched with a higher level of wound healing or epithelium development-related genes and micro RNA. RESULTS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR results revealed that the epithelialization growth factor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), chemokines, stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1 or CXCL12), neutrophil-activating protein-2 (NAP-2 or CXCL7), chemokine receptors (CXCR1, CCR2 and CCR3) and wound healing genes were up-regulated in SVF compared with those in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). An in vitro scratch wound closure experiment demonstrated that co-culture with SVF substantially accelerated the wound closure of fibroblasts. Wounds in nude mice were created by skin excisions followed by injections of SVF with Pluronic hydrogel. SVF implantation highly accelerated wound closure and increased cellularity and re-epithelialization. In addition, the transplanted SVF exhibited high engraftment rates in the wound area, suggesting direct benefits for cutaneous closure. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that SVF possesses high therapeutic capability for wound healing via the secretion of epithelialization and chemotactic growth factors and enhanced engraftment properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sic Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Han
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Son
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
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Yan Z, Liu J, Xie L, Liu X, Zeng Y. Role of heparan sulfate in mediating CXCL8-induced endothelial cell migration. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1669. [PMID: 26870616 PMCID: PMC4748698 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL8 (Interleukin-8, IL-8) plays an important role in angiogenesis and wound healing by prompting endothelial cell migration. It has been suggested that heparan sulfate (HS) could provide binding sites on endothelial cells to retain and activate highly diffusible cytokines and inflammatory chemokines. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that HS is essential for enhancement of endothelial cell migration by CXCL8, and to explore the underlying mechanism by detecting the changes in expression and activity of Rho GTPases and in the organization of actin cytoskeleton after enzymatic removal of HS on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by using heparinase III. Our results revealed that the wound healing induced by CXCL8 was greatly attenuated by removal of HS. The CXCL8-upregulated Rho GTPases including Cdc42, Rac1, and RhoA, and CXCL8-increased Rac1/Rho activity were suppressed by removal of HS. The polymerization and polarization of actin cytoskeleton, and the increasing of stress fibers induced by CXCL8 were also abolished by heparinase III. Taken together, our results demonstrated an essential role of HS in mediating CXCL8-induced endothelial cell migration, and highlighted the biological importance of the interaction between CXCL8 and heparan sulfate in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Linshen Xie
- West China School of Public Health, No. 4 West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, China
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Mechanoreception at the cell membrane: More than the integrins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 586:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jin E, Kim TH, Han S, Kim SW. Amniotic epithelial cells promote wound healing in mice through high epithelialization and engraftment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 10:613-22. [PMID: 26174407 DOI: 10.1002/term.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although human amniotic epithelial cells (AMEs) are an attractive source of stem cells, their therapeutic potential in wound healing has not been fully investigated. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of AMEs for wound healing. Real-time PCR showed that the epithelialization growth factors epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and chemotactic factors interleukin-8 (IL-8 or CXCL8) and neutrophil-activating protein-2 (NAP-2 or CXCL7) were upregulated in AMEs compared with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMs). In vitro scratch wound assays revealed that AME-derived conditioned medium substantially accelerated wound closure. Wounds in NOD/SCID mice were created by skin excision, followed by AME transplantation. AMEs implantation significantly accelerated wound healing and increased cellularity and re-epithelialization. Transplanted AMEs exhibited high engraftment rates and expressed keratinocyte-specific proteins and cytokeratin in the wound area, suggesting direct benefits for cutaneous closure. Taken together, these data indicate that AMEs possess therapeutic capability for wound healing through the secretion of epithelialization growth factors and enhanced engraftment properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enze Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Han
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Hu GW, Li Q, Niu X, Hu B, Liu J, Zhou SM, Guo SC, Lang HL, Zhang CQ, Wang Y, Deng ZF. Exosomes secreted by human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate limb ischemia by promoting angiogenesis in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:10. [PMID: 26268554 PMCID: PMC4533800 DOI: 10.1186/scrt546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction ‘Patient-specific’ induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are attractive because they can generate abundant cells without the risk of immune rejection for cell therapy. Studies have shown that iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) possess powerful proliferation, differentiation, and therapeutic effects. Recently, most studies indicate that stem cells exert their therapeutic effect mainly through a paracrine mechanism other than transdifferentiation, and exosomes have emerged as an important paracrine factor for stem cells to reprogram injured cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether exosomes derived from iMSCs (iMSCs-Exo) possess the ability to attenuate limb ischemia and promote angiogenesis after transplantation into limbs of mice with femoral artery excision. Methods Human iPSCs (iPS-S-01, C1P33, and PCKDSF001C1) were used to differentiate into iMSCs in a modified one-step method. iMSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and multipotent differentiation potential analysis. Ultrafiltration combined with a purification method was used to isolate iMSCs-Exo, and transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting were used to identify iMSCs-Exo. After establishment of mouse hind-limb ischemia with excision of femoral artery and iMSCs-Exo injection, blood perfusion was monitored at days 0, 7, 14, and 21; microvessel density in ischemic muscle was also analyzed. In vitro migration, proliferation, and tube formation experiments were used to analyze the ability of pro-angiogenesis in iMSCs-Exo, and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify expression levels of angiogenesis-related molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after being cultured with iMSCs-Exo. Results iPSCs were efficiently induced into iMSC- with MSC-positive and -negative surface antigens and osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis differentiation potential. iMSCs-Exo with a diameter of 57 ± 11 nm and expressed CD63, CD81, and CD9. Intramuscular injection of iMSCs-Exo markedly enhanced microvessel density and blood perfusion in mouse ischemic limbs, consistent with an attenuation of ischemic injury. In addition, iMSCs-Exo could activate angiogenesis-related molecule expression and promote HUVEC migration, proliferation, and tube formation. Conclusion Implanted iMSCs-Exo was able to protect limbs from ischemic injury via the promotion of angiogenesis, which indicated that iMSCs-Exo may be a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of ischemic diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/scrt546) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-wen Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China. .,Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 BaYi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Shu-min Zhou
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Shang-chun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Hai-li Lang
- Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, 461 BaYi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Chang-qing Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Zhi-feng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Deng Q, Huo Y, Luo J. Endothelial mechanosensors: the gatekeepers of vascular homeostasis and adaptation under mechanical stress. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:755-62. [PMID: 25104447 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) not only serve as a barrier between blood and extravascular space to modulate the exchange of fluid, macromolecules and cells, but also play a critical role in regulation of vascular homeostasis and adaptation under mechanical stimulus via intrinsic mechanotransduction. Recently, with the dissection of microdomains responsible for cellular responsiveness to mechanical stimulus, a lot of mechanosensing molecules (mechanosensors) and pathways have been identified in ECs. In addition, there is growing evidence that endothelial mechanosensors not only serve as key vascular gatekeepers, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of various vascular disorders. This review focuses on recent findings in endothelial mechanosensors in subcellular microdomains and their roles in regulation of physiological and pathological functions under mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiuPing Deng
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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The adaptive remodeling of endothelial glycocalyx in response to fluid shear stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86249. [PMID: 24465988 PMCID: PMC3896483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is vital for mechanotransduction and endothelial barrier integrity. We previously demonstrated the early changes in glycocalyx organization during the initial 30 min of shear exposure. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term shear stress induces further remodeling of the glycocalyx resulting in a robust layer, and explored the responses of membrane rafts and the actin cytoskeleton. After exposure to shear stress for 24 h, the glycocalyx components heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, glypican-1 and syndecan-1, were enhanced on the apical surface, with nearly uniform spatial distributions close to baseline levels that differed greatly from the 30 min distributions. Heparan sulfate and glypican-1 still clustered near the cell boundaries after 24 h of shear, but caveolin-1/caveolae and actin were enhanced and concentrated across the apical aspects of the cell. Our findings also suggest the GM1-labelled membrane rafts were associated with caveolae and glypican-1/heparan sulfate and varied in concert with these components. We conclude that remodeling of the glycocalyx to long-term shear stress is associated with the changes in membrane rafts and the actin cytoskeleton. This study reveals a space- and time- dependent reorganization of the glycocalyx that may underlie alterations in mechanotransduction mechanisms over the time course of shear exposure.
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Huang X, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Wei L, Lai Y, Wu J, Liu X, Liu X. Rac1 mediates laminar shear stress-induced vascular endothelial cell migration. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:462-8. [PMID: 24430179 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of endothelial cells (ECs) plays an important role in vascular remodeling and regeneration. ECs are constantly subjected to shear stress resulting from blood flow and are able to convert mechanical stimuli into intracellular signals that affect cellular behaviors and functions. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of Rac1, which is the member of small G protein family, on EC migration under different laminar shear stress (5.56, 10.02, and 15.27 dyn/cm(2)). The cell migration distance under laminar shear stress increased significantly than that under the static culture condition. Especially, under relative high shear stress (15.27 dyn/cm(2)) there was a higher difference at 8 h (P<0.01) and 2 h (P<0.05) compared with static controls. RT-PCR results further showed increasing mRNA expression of Rac1 in ECs exposed to laminar shear stress than that exposed to static culture. Using plasmids encoding the wild-type (WT), an activated mutant (Q61L), and a dominant-negative mutant (T17N), plasmids encoding Rac1 were transfected into EA.hy 926 cells. The average net migration distance of Rac1Q61L group increased significantly, while Rac1T17N group decreased significantly in comparison with the static controls. These results indicated that Rac1 mediated shear stress-induced EC migration. Our findings conduce to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of EC migration induced by shear stress, which is expected to understand the pathophysiological basis of wound healing in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu, PR China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; PR China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu, PR China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Ultrasonics; Institute of Women and Children's Health; West China Second University Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lin Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu, PR China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; PR China
| | - Yi Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu, PR China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; PR China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu, PR China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; PR China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; PR China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu, PR China; Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; PR China
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Yu H, Huang X, Ma Y, Gao M, Wang O, Gao T, Shen Y, Liu X. Interleukin-8 regulates endothelial permeability by down-regulation of tight junction but not dependent on integrins induced focal adhesions. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:966-79. [PMID: 24155670 PMCID: PMC3805902 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a common inflammatory factor, which involves in various non-specific pathological processes of inflammation. It has been found that increased endothelial permeability accompanied with high expression of IL-8 at site of injured endothelium and atherosclerotic plaque at early stages, suggesting that IL-8 participated in regulating endothelial permeability in the developing processes of vascular disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the regulation effects of IL-8 on the vascular endothelial permeability, and the mRNA and protein expression of tight junction components (i.e., ZO-1, Claudin-5 and Occludin). Endothelial cells were stimulated by IL-8 with the dose of 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL, and duration of 2, 4, 6, 8h, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression level of tight junction components with IL-8 under different concentration and duration was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Meanwhile, the integrins induced focal adhesions event with IL-8 stimulation was also investigated. The results showed that IL-8 regulated the permeability of endothelium by down-regulation of tight junction in a dose- and time-dependence manner, but was not by integrins induced focal adhesions. This finding reveals the molecular mechanism in the increase of endothelial cell permeability induced by IL-8, which is expected to provide a new idea as a therapeutic target in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchi Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zeng Y, Waters M, Andrews A, Honarmandi P, Ebong EE, Rizzo V, Tarbell JM. Fluid shear stress induces the clustering of heparan sulfate via mobility of glypican-1 in lipid rafts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H811-20. [PMID: 23851278 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00764.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx plays important roles in mechanotransduction. We recently investigated the distribution and interaction of glycocalyx components on statically cultured endothelial cells. In the present study, we further explored the unknown organization of the glycocalyx during early exposure (first 30 min) to shear stress and tested the hypothesis that proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycans, which are localized in different lipid microdomains, respond distinctly to shear stress. During the initial 30 min of exposure to shear stress, the very early responses of the glycocalyx and membrane rafts were detected using confocal microscopy. We observed that heparan sulfate (HS) and glypican-1 clustered in the cell junctions. In contrast, chondroitin sulfate (CS), bound albumin, and syndecan-1 did not move. The caveolae marker caveolin-1 did not move, indicating that caveolae are anchored sufficiently to resist shear stress during the 30 min of exposure. Shear stress induced significant changes in the distribution of ganglioside GM1 (a marker for membrane rafts labeled with cholera toxin B subunit). These data suggest that fluid shear stress induced the cell junctional clustering of lipid rafts with their anchored glypican-1 and associated HS. In contrast, the mobility of CS, transmembrane bound syndecan-1, and caveolae were constrained during exposure to shear stress. This study illuminates the role of changes in glycocalyx organization that underlie mechanisms of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York
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Han D, Liao F. Chinese medicine, flowing blood, biomechanopharmacology and future preventive medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yuan L, Sakamoto N, Song G, Sato M. Migration of human mesenchymal stem cells under low shear stress mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2520-30. [PMID: 22375921 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are attractive candidates for cell-based tissue repair approaches and have been used as vectors for delivering therapeutic genes to sites of injury. It is believed that hMSCs are able to detect and respond to shear stress due to blood and interstitial fluid flow through mechanotransduction pathways after transplantation. However, information regarding hMSC migration under shear stress and its mechanism is still limited. In this study, we examined the effect of shear stress on hMSC migration and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in their migration. Shear stress between 0.2 and 10 Pa, which was produced by the flow medium, was exerted on fluorescently labeled hMSCs. Cell migration was evaluated using the scratch wound assay, and images were captured using a microscope equipped with a digital 3CCD camera. The results showed that hMSCs subjected to a shear stress of 0.2 Pa caused notably faster wound closure than statically cultured hMSCs, while migration in the 0.5- and 1-Pa shear stress group did not differ significantly from that in the control group. Shear stress >2 Pa markedly inhibited hMSC migration. hMSCs subjected to a shear stress of 0.2 Pa displayed an increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 MAPK activation for up to 60 min, while a shear stress of 2 Pa abrogated the activation. JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors completely abolished the effect of shear stress on hMSC migration, while significant differences were observed between the ERK1/2 inhibitor-treated static control and shear stress groups. Taken together, these results demonstrate that low shear stress effectively induces hMSC migration and that JNK and p38 MAPK play more prominent roles in shear stress-induced migration than ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Milner JS, Grol MW, Beaucage KL, Dixon SJ, Holdsworth DW. Finite-element modeling of viscoelastic cells during high-frequency cyclic strain. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:209-24. [PMID: 24956525 PMCID: PMC4031015 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to local loads and forces. The process of mechanotransduction plays an important role both in maintaining tissue viability and in remodeling to repair damage; moreover, it may be involved in the initiation and progression of diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. An understanding of the mechanisms by which cells respond to surrounding tissue matrices or artificial biomaterials is crucial in regenerative medicine and in influencing cellular differentiation. Recent studies have shown that some cells may be most sensitive to low-amplitude, high-frequency (i.e., 1-100 Hz) mechanical stimulation. Advances in finite-element modeling have made it possible to simulate high-frequency mechanical loading of cells. We have developed a viscoelastic finite-element model of an osteoblastic cell (including cytoskeletal actin stress fibers), attached to an elastomeric membrane undergoing cyclic isotropic radial strain with a peak value of 1,000 µstrain. The results indicate that cells experience significant stress and strain amplification when undergoing high-frequency strain, with peak values of cytoplasmic strain five times higher at 45 Hz than at 1 Hz, and peak Von Mises stress in the nucleus increased by a factor of two. Focal stress and strain amplification in cells undergoing high-frequency mechanical stimulation may play an important role in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaques S Milner
- Imaging Research Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada.
| | - Matthew W Grol
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Kim L Beaucage
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - S Jeffrey Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - David W Holdsworth
- Imaging Research Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5K8, Canada.
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Thomas S, Metzke D, Schmitz J, Dörffel Y, Baumgart DC. Anti-inflammatory effects of Saccharomyces boulardii mediated by myeloid dendritic cells from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 301:G1083-92. [PMID: 21903765 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00217.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is a probiotic yeast that has demonstrated efficacy in pilot studies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Microbial antigen handling by dendritic cells (DC) is believed to be of critical importance for immunity and tolerance in IBD. The aim was to characterize the effects of Sb on DC from IBD patients. Highly purified (>95%), lipopolysaccharide-stimulated CD1c(+)CD11c(+)CD123(-) myeloid DC (mDC) from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 36), Crohn's disease (CD; n = 26), or infectious controls (IC; n = 4) were cultured in the presence or absence of fungal supernatant from Sb (SbS). Phenotype and cytokine production and/or secretion of IBD mDC were measured by flow cytometry and cytometric bead arrays, respectively. T cell phenotype and proliferation were assessed in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with allogenic CD4(+)CD45RA(+) naïve T cells from healthy donors. Mucosal healing was investigated in epithelial wounding and migration assays with IEC-6 cells. SbS significantly decreased the frequency of CD40-, CD80-, and CD197 (CCR7; chemokine receptor-7)-expressing IBD mDC and reduced their secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 while increasing IL-8. In the MLR, SbS significantly inhibited T cell proliferation induced by IBD mDC. Moreover, SbS inhibited T(H)1 (TNF-α and interferon-γ) polarization induced by UC mDC and promoted IL-8 and transforming growth factor-β-dependent mucosal healing. In summary, we provide novel evidence of synergistic mechanisms how Sb controls inflammation (inhibition of T cell costimulation and inflammation-associated migration and mobilization of DC) and promotes epithelial restitution relevant in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Thomas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Charité Medical Center-Virchow Hospital, Medical School of the Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zeng Y, Shen Y, Huang XL, Liu XJ, Liu XH. Roles of mechanical force and CXCR1/CXCR2 in shear-stress-induced endothelial cell migration. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2011; 41:13-25. [PMID: 21989491 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that CXCR1 and CXCR2 are novel mechanosensors mediating laminar shear-stress-induced endothelial cell (EC) migration (Zeng et al. in Cytokine 53:42-51, 2011). In the present study, an analytical model was proposed to further analyze the underlying mechanisms, assuming the mechanical force (MF) and mechanosensor-mediated biochemical reactions induce cell migration together. Shear stress can regulate both mechanosensor-mediated migration in the flow direction (Ms-M(FD)) and mechanosensor-mediated migration toward a wound (Ms-M(W)). Next, the migration distance, the roles of MF-induced cell migration (MF-M), and the mobilization mechanisms of mechanosensors were analyzed. The results demonstrated that MF-M plays an important role in 15.27 dyn/cm(2) shear-stress-induced EC migration but is far weaker than Ms-M(W) at 5.56 dyn/cm(2). Our findings also indicated that CXCR2 played a primary role, in synergy with CXCR1. The Ms-M(FD) was primarily mediated by the synergistic effect of CXCR1 and CXCR2. In Ms-M(W), when shear stress was beyond a certain threshold, the synergistic effect of CXCR1 and CXCR2 was enhanced, and the effect of CXCR1 was inhibited. Therefore, the retarding of EC migration and wound closure capacity under low shear flow was related to the low magnitude of shear stress, which may contribute to atherogenesis and many other vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 Renmin Nanlu 3 Duan, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Gerger A, El-Khoueiry A, Zhang W, Yang D, Singh H, Bohanes P, Ning Y, Winder T, Labonte MJ, Wilson PM, Benhaim L, Paez D, El-Khoueiry R, Absenger G, Lenz HJ. Pharmacogenetic angiogenesis profiling for first-line Bevacizumab plus oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5783-92. [PMID: 21791631 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is substantial germline genetic variability within angiogenesis pathway genes, thereby causing interindividual differences in angiogenic capacity and resistance to antiangiogenesis therapy. We investigated germline polymorphisms in genes involved in VEGF-dependent and -independent angiogenesis pathways to predict clinical outcome and tumor response in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with bevacizumab and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 132 patients treated with first-line bevacizumab and FOLFOX or XELOX were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole-blood samples by PCR-RFLP or direct DNA sequencing. The endpoints of the study were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and response rate (RR). RESULTS The minor alleles of EGF rs444903 A>G and IGF-1 rs6220 A>G were associated with increased OS and remained significant in multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.31-0.87; adjusted P = 0.012 and HR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.36-0.99; adjusted P = 0.046, respectively). The minor allele of HIF1α rs11549465 C>T was significantly associated with increased PFS but lost its significance in multivariate analysis. CXCR1 rs2234671 G>C, CXCR2 rs2230054 T>C, EGFR rs2227983 G>A, and VEGFR-2 rs2305948 C>T predicted tumor response, with CXCR1 rs2234671 G>C remaining significant in multiple testing (P(act) = 0.003). CONCLUSION In this study, we identified common germline variants in VEGF-dependent and -independent angiogenesis genes predicting clinical outcome and tumor response in patients with mCRC receiving first-line bevacizumab and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Gerger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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