1
|
Shiri Aghbash P, Shirvaliloo M, Khalo Abass Kasho A, Alinezhad F, Nauwynck H, Bannazadeh Baghi H. Cluster of differentiation frequency on antigen presenting-cells: The next step to cervical cancer prognosis? Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
2
|
Macrophages Are a Double-Edged Sword: Molecular Crosstalk between Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Cancer Stem Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060850. [PMID: 35740975 PMCID: PMC9221070 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of highly tumorigenic cells in tumors. They have enhanced self-renewal properties, are usually chemo-radioresistant, and can promote tumor recurrence and metastasis. They can recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment and differentiate them into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs maintain CSC stemness and construct niches that are favorable for CSC survival. However, how CSCs and TAMs interact is not completely understood. An understanding on these mechanisms can provide additional targeting strategies for eliminating CSCs. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the reported mechanisms of crosstalk between CSCs and TAMs and update the related signaling pathways involved in tumor progression. In addition, we discuss potential therapies targeting CSC–TAM interaction, including targeting macrophage recruitment and polarization by CSCs and inhibiting the TAM-induced promotion of CSC stemness. This review also provides the perspective on the major challenge for developing potential therapeutic strategies to overcome CSC-TAM crosstalk.
Collapse
|
3
|
Carino A, Graziosi L, Marchianò S, Biagioli M, Marino E, Sepe V, Zampella A, Distrutti E, Donini A, Fiorucci S. Analysis of Gastric Cancer Transcriptome Allows the Identification of Histotype Specific Molecular Signatures With Prognostic Potential. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663771. [PMID: 34012923 PMCID: PMC8126708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy but the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Therapy for gastric cancer remain largely suboptimal making the identification of novel therapeutic targets an urgent medical need. In the present study we have carried out a high-throughput sequencing of transcriptome expression in patients with gastric cancers. Twenty-four patients, among a series of 53, who underwent an attempt of curative surgery for gastric cancers in a single center, were enrolled. Patients were sub-grouped according to their histopathology into diffuse and intestinal types, and the transcriptome of the two subgroups assessed by RNAseq analysis and compared to the normal gastric mucosa. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the two histopathology phenotypes express two different patterns of gene expression. A total of 2,064 transcripts were differentially expressed between neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues: 772 were specific for the intestinal type and 407 for the diffuse type. Only 885 transcripts were simultaneously differentially expressed by both tumors. The per pathway analysis demonstrated an enrichment of extracellular matrix and immune dysfunction in the intestinal type including CXCR2, CXCR1, FPR2, CARD14, EFNA2, AQ9, TRIP13, KLK11 and GHRL. At the univariate analysis reduced levels AQP9 was found to be a negative predictor of 4 years survival. In the diffuse type low levels CXCR2 and high levels of CARD14 mRNA were negative predictors of 4 years survival. In summary, we have identified a group of genes differentially regulated in the intestinal and diffuse histotypes of gastric cancers with AQP9, CARD14 and CXCR2 impacting on patients' prognosis, although CXCR2 is the only factor independently impacting overall survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Carino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Graziosi
- S.C.Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marino
- S.C.Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annibale Donini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ganoderma lucidum Spore Polysaccharide Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Altering Macrophage Polarity and Induction of Apoptosis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6696606. [PMID: 33748291 PMCID: PMC7954632 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6696606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ganoderma lucidum has certain components with known pharmacological effects, including strengthening immunity and anti-inflammatory activity. G. lucidum seeds inherit all its biological characteristics. G. lucidum spore polysaccharide (GLSP) is the main active ingredient to enhance these effects. However, its specific biological mechanisms are not exact. Our research is aimed at revealing the specific biological mechanism of GLSP to enhance immunity and inhibit the growth of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods We extracted primary macrophages (Mø) from BALB/c mice and treated them with GLSP (800 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL) to observe its effects on macrophage polarization and cytokine secretion. We used GLSP and GLSP-intervened macrophage supernatant to treat H22 tumor cells and observed their effects using MTT and flow cytometry. Moreover, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to observe the effect of GLSP-intervened macrophage supernatant on the PI3K/AKT and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Results In this study, GLSP promoted the polarization of primary macrophages to M1 type and the upregulation of some cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β1. The MTT assay revealed that GLSP+Mø at 400 μg/mL and 800 μg/mL significantly inhibited H22 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that GLSP+Mø induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, associated with the expression of critical genes and proteins (PI3K, p-AKT, BCL-2, BAX, and caspase-9) that regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway and apoptosis. GLSP reshapes the tumor microenvironment by activating macrophages, promotes the polarization of primary macrophages to M1 type, and promotes the secretion of various inflammatory factors and cytokines. Conclusion Therefore, as a natural nutrient, GLSP is a potential agent in hepatocellular carcinoma cell treatment and induction of apoptosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao C, Pu Y, Zhang H, Hu X, Zhang R, He S, Zhao Q, Mu B. IL10-modified Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells inhibit Pancreatic Cancer growth through Angiogenesis Inhibition. J Cancer 2020; 11:5345-5352. [PMID: 32742480 PMCID: PMC7391191 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we constructed the recombinant plasmid IL10-PEGFP-C1 and successfully transfected into human mesenchymal stem cells. After culturing for 72 h, the levels of IL6 and TNF-α in the supernatant of the MSCs-IL10 group were significantly lower than the vector group and the control group (17.6 ± 0.68vs73.8 ± 0.8 and 74.4 ± 1.5) µg/L and (65.05 ± 3.8 vs 203.2 ± 2.4 and 201.3 ± 3.7) µg/L, respectively (p < 0.001) .The animal experiments showed that the volume of subcutaneous tumors in the MSCs-IL10 group in vivo was a significantly less level compared to that in MSC control and the blank control groups (76.84 ± 20.11) mm3 vs (518. 344 ± 48.66) mm3, (576.99± 49.88) mm3, (P < 0. 05) and they have a longer life time. Further we found the mass concentrations of IL6 and TNF-α in the blood serum of MSC-IL10 group were lower than the vector group and the control group (64.42 ± 10.9 vs120.83 ± 15.52 and 122.65 ± 13.71) and (40.05 ± 5.63 vs 126.78 ±1.89 and 105.83 ± 2.16) µg/L respectively (p < 0.001). CD31 immunohistochemistry and alginate encapsulation experiments showed tumor angiogenesis were inhibited in MSCs-IL10 group in comparison to the control and vector group (P < 0.001), FITC-labeled dextran intake was also lower than the other groups (P < 0.01). Collectively, this study suggested IL10 could inhibit the growth of the transplanted tumor in vivo and prolong survival of mice, and the primary mechanism may be the indirect inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF-α secretion and tumor angiogenesis formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhao
- Sicuhan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Pu
- Sicuhan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haidi Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xianhua Hu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rendan Zhang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Mu
- Sicuhan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University 637000, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li P, Fan W, Everaert N, Liu R, Li Q, Zheng M, Cui H, Zhao G, Wen J. Messenger RNA Sequencing and Pathway Analysis Provide Novel Insights Into the Susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis Infection in Chickens. Front Genet 2018; 9:256. [PMID: 30061915 PMCID: PMC6055056 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a foodborne pathogen that negatively affects both animal and human health. Controlling poultry SE infection will have great practical significance for human public health, as poultry are considered to be important sources and carriers of the disease. In this study, the splenic transcriptomes of challenged-susceptible (S), challenged-resistant (R) and non-challenged (C) chicks (3-days old, specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn) were characterized in order to identify the immune-related gene markers and pathways. A total of 934 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparisons among the C, R and S birds. First reported here, the DEGs involved in the Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathway, especially FoxO3, were identified as potential markers for host resistance to SE infection. The challenged-susceptible birds exhibited strong activation of the FoxO signaling pathway, which may be a major defect causing immune cell apoptosis as part of SE-induced pathology; these S birds also showed weak activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related genes, contrasting with strong splenic activation in the R birds. Interestingly, suppression of several pathways in the immune response against Salmonella, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Jak-STAT, was only found in S birds and there was evidence of cross-talk among these pathways, perhaps contributing to susceptibility to Salmonella infection. These findings will help facilitate understanding resistance and susceptibility to SE infection in the earliest phases of the host immune response through Salmonella-induced pathways, provide new approaches to develop strategies for SE prevention and treatment, and may enhance innate resistance by genetic selection in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlei Fan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ranran Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghe Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxian Cui
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Increased interleukin-11 levels in thoracic aorta and plasma from patients with acute thoracic aortic dissection. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481:193-199. [PMID: 29555322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL) 11 is closely related to tumor and hematological system diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-11 also participates in cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion mediated heart injury and acute myocardial infarction. This study aimed to investigate whether IL-11 is involved in acute thoracic aortic dissection (TAD). METHODS Aortic tissue samples from normal donors and acute TAD patients were collected, and the expression of IL-11 in all aortic tissue was analyzed. In addition, blood samples from patients with chest pain were collected and divided into a non-AD (NAD) group and a TAD group according to the results of computed tomography angiography of the thoracic aorta. The plasma IL-11, IL-17 and interferon (IFN) γ in all blood samples were measured. RESULTS Compared with aortic tissue of normal controls, IL-11 was significantly increased in aortic tissue of acute TAD patients, especially in the torn section. The IL-11 was derived from aorta macrophages in TAD. In addition, the plasma IL-11, IL-17 and IFN-γ were significantly higher in acute TAD patients than in NAD patients, and the correlation analysis showed that IL-11 levels were positively correlated with levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, white blood cells, C-reactive proteins and D-dimers. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that elevated IL11 in patients who may have diagnostic value of TAD, but less that D-dimer. CONCLUSION IL-11 was increased in thoracic aorta and plasma of TAD patients and may be a promising biomarker for diagnosis in patients with TAD.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Liu T, Yang N, Xu S, Li X, Wang D. Hypoxia and macrophages promote glioblastoma invasion by the CCL4-CCR5 axis. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3522-3528. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
9
|
ILs-3, 6 and 11 increase, but ILs-10 and 24 decrease stemness of human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42687-703. [PMID: 26528857 PMCID: PMC4767463 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with cancer recurrence and metastasis. Prostate cancer cells often metastasize to the bone with a complex microenvironment of cytokines favoring cell survival. In this study, the cell stemness influence of a group of interleukins including IL-3, 6, 10, 11 and 24 on human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3 was explored in vitro. Sulforhodamine B(SRB) and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were applied to examine the effect on cell proliferation, and wound healing and transwell assays were used for migration and invasion studies, in addition to colony formation, Western blotting and flowcytometry for the expression of stemness factors and chemotherapy sensitivity. We observed that ILs-3, 6 and 11 stimulated while ILs-10 and 24 inhibited the growth, invasion and migration of both cell lines. Interestingly, ILs-3, 6 and 11 significantly promoted colony formation and increased the expression of SOX2, CD44 and ABCG2 in both prostate cancer cell lines. However, ILs-10 and 24 showed the opposite effect on the expression of these factors. In line with the above findings, treatment with either IL-3 or IL-6 or IL-11 decreased the chemosensitivity to docetaxel while treatment with either IL-10 or IL-24 increased the sensitivity of docetaxel chemotherapy. In conclusion, our results suggest that ILs-3, 6 and 11 function as tumor promoters while ILs-10 and 24 function as tumor suppressors in the prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP in vitro, and such differences may attribute to their different effect on the stemness of PCa cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Amara S, Whalen M, Tiriveedhi V. High salt induces anti-inflammatory MΦ2-like phenotype in peripheral macrophages. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:1-9. [PMID: 27231721 PMCID: PMC4877052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in inflammation and antigen-presentation. Abnormal macrophage function has been attributed in autoimmune diseases and cancer progression. Recent evidence suggests that high salt tissue micro-environment causes changes in macrophage activation. In our current report, we studied the role of extracellular sodium chloride on phenotype changes in peripheral circulating monocyte/macrophages collected from healthy donors. High salt (0.2 M NaCl vs basal 0.1 M NaCl) treatment resulted in a decrease in MΦ1 macrophage phenotype (CD11b+CD14highCD16low) from 77.4±6.2% (0.1 M) to 29.3±5.7% (0.2 M, p<0.05), while there was an increase in MΦ2 macrophage phenotype (CD11b+ CD14lowCD16high) from 17.2±5.9% (0.1 M) to 67.4±9.4% (0.2 M, p<0.05). ELISA-based cytokine analysis demonstrated that high salt treatment induced decreased expression of in the MΦ1 phenotype specific pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNFα (3.3 fold), IL-12 (2.3 fold), CCL-10 (2 fold) and CCL-5 (3.8 fold), but conversely induced an enhanced expression MΦ2-like phenotype specific anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, TGFβ, CCL-17 (3.7 fold) and CCR-2 (4.3 fold). Further high salt treatment significantly decreased phagocytic efficiency of macrophages and inducible nitric oxide synthetase expression. Taken together, these data suggest that high salt extracellular environment induces an anti-inflammatory MΦ2-like macrophage phenotype with poor phagocytic and potentially reduced antigen presentation capacity commonly found in tumor microenvironment. High salt induced macrophage switch from MΦ1 to MΦ2-like phenotype. High salt induced anti-inflammatory MΦ2-specific cytokine profile. Reduced phagocytic efficiency upon high salt treatment. Inhibition of iNOS activity following high salt stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Whalen
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University; Nashville, TN
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Quaranta P, Focosi D, Freer G, Pistello M. Tweaking Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Immunomodulatory Properties with Viral Vectors Delivering Cytokines. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1321-41. [PMID: 27476883 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be found in various body sites. Their main role is to differentiate into cartilage, bone, muscle, and fat cells to allow tissue maintenance and repair. During inflammation, MSCs exhibit important immunomodulatory properties that are not constitutive, but require activation, upon which they may exert immunosuppressive functions. MSCs are defined as "sensors of inflammation" since they modulate their ability of interfering with the immune system both in vitro and in vivo upon interaction with different factors. MSCs may influence immune responses through different mechanisms, such as direct cell-to-cell contact, release of soluble factors, and through the induction of anergy and apoptosis. Human MSCs are defined as plastic-adherent cells expressing specific surface molecules. Lack of MHC class II antigens makes them appealing as allogeneic tools for the therapy of both autoimmune diseases and cancer. MSC therapeutic potential could be highly enhanced by the expression of exogenous cytokines provided by transduction with viral vectors. In this review, we attempt to summarize the results of a great number of in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at improving the ability of MSCs as immunomodulators in the therapy of autoimmune, degenerative diseases and cancer. We will also compare results obtained with different vectors to deliver heterologous genes to these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- 2 North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pinto AT, Pinto ML, Velho S, Pinto MT, Cardoso AP, Figueira R, Monteiro A, Marques M, Seruca R, Barbosa MA, Mareel M, Oliveira MJ, Rocha S. Intricate Macrophage-Colorectal Cancer Cell Communication in Response to Radiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160891. [PMID: 27513864 PMCID: PMC4981353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both cancer and tumour-associated host cells are exposed to ionizing radiation when a tumour is subjected to radiotherapy. Macrophages frequently constitute the most abundant tumour-associated immune population, playing a role in tumour progression and response to therapy. The present work aimed to evaluate the importance of macrophage-cancer cell communication in the cellular response to radiation. To address this question, we established monocultures and indirect co-cultures of human monocyte-derived macrophages with RKO or SW1463 colorectal cancer cells, which exhibit higher and lower radiation sensitivity, respectively. Mono- and co-cultures were then irradiated with 5 cumulative doses, in a similar fractionated scheme to that used during cancer patients' treatment (2 Gy/fraction/day). Our results demonstrated that macrophages sensitize RKO to radiation-induced apoptosis, while protecting SW1463 cells. Additionally, the co-culture with macrophages increased the mRNA expression of metabolism- and survival-related genes more in SW1463 than in RKO. The presence of macrophages also upregulated glucose transporter 1 expression in irradiated SW1463, but not in RKO cells. In addition, the influence of cancer cells on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage markers, upon radiation exposure, was also evaluated. In the presence of RKO or SW1463, irradiated macrophages exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory TNF, IL6, CCL2 and CCR7, and of anti-inflammatory CCL18. However, RKO cells induce an increase of macrophage pro-inflammatory IL1B, while SW1463 cells promote higher pro-inflammatory CXCL8 and CD80, and also anti-inflammatory VCAN and IL10 levels. Thus, our data demonstrated that macrophages and cancer cells mutually influence their response to radiation. Notably, conditioned medium from irradiated co-cultures increased non-irradiated RKO cell migration and invasion and did not impact on angiogenesis in a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. Overall, the establishment of primary human macrophage-cancer cell co-cultures revealed an intricate cell communication in response to ionizing radiation, which should be considered when developing therapies adjuvant to radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana T. Pinto
- i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta L. Pinto
- i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta T. Pinto
- i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Cardoso
- i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Figueira
- Radiotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar S. João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Armanda Monteiro
- Radiotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar S. João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Marques
- Radiotherapy Service, Centro Hospitalar S. João, EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A. Barbosa
- i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marc Mareel
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria J. Oliveira
- i3s-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Sónia Rocha
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma HY, Liu XZ, Liang CM. Inflammatory microenvironment contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6619-6628. [PMID: 27547005 PMCID: PMC4970470 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. The major cause of GC is chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Infection with H. pylori leads to an active inflammatory microenvironment that is maintained by immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, among other cells. Immune cell dysfunction allows the initiation and accumulation of mutations in GC cells, inducing aberrant proliferation and protection from apoptosis. Meanwhile, immune cells can secrete certain signals, including cytokines, and chemokines, to alter intracellular signaling pathways in GC cells. Thus, GC cells obtain the ability to metastasize to lymph nodes by undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby epithelial cells lose their epithelial attributes and acquire a mesenchymal cell phenotype. Metastasis is a leading cause of death for GC patients, and the involved mechanisms are still under investigation. In this review, we summarize the current research on how the inflammatory environment affects GC initiation and metastasis via EMT.
Collapse
|
14
|
The role of IL-11 in immunity and cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:156-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
15
|
The effect of Vasohibin-1 expression and tumor-associated macrophages on the angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:7267-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
16
|
Zhang X, Wu H, Dobson JR, Browne G, Hong D, Akech J, Languino LR, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Expression of the IL-11 Gene in Metastatic Cells Is Supported by Runx2-Smad and Runx2-cJun Complexes Induced by TGFβ1. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:2098-108. [PMID: 25808168 PMCID: PMC4515199 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In tumor cells, two factors are abnormally increased that contribute to metastatic bone disease: Runx2, a transcription factor that promotes expression of metastasis related and osteolytic genes; and IL-11, a secreted osteolytic cytokine. Here, we addressed a compelling question: Does Runx2 regulate IL-11 gene expression? We find a positive correlation between Runx2, IL-11 and TGFβ1, a driver of the vicious cycle of metastatic bone disease, in prostate cancer (PC) cell lines representing early (LNCaP) and late (PC3) stage disease. Further, like Runx2 knockdown, IL-11 knockdown significantly reduced expression of several osteolytic factors. Modulation of Runx2 expression results in corresponding changes in IL-11 expression. The IL-11 gene has Runx2, AP-1 sites and Smad binding elements located on the IL-11 promoter. Here, we demonstrated that Runx2-c-Jun as well as Runx2-Smad complexes upregulate IL-11 expression. Functional studies identified a significant loss of IL-11 expression in PC3 cells in the presence of the Runx2-HTY mutant protein, a mutation that disrupts Runx2-Smad signaling. In response to TGFβ1 and in the presence of Runx2, we observed a 30-fold induction of IL-11 expression, accompanied by increased c-Jun binding to the IL-11 promoter. Immunoprecipitation and in situ co-localization studies demonstrated that Runx2 and c-Jun form nuclear complexes in PC3 cells. Thus, TGFβ1 signaling induces two independent transcriptional pathways - AP-1 and Runx2. These transcriptional activators converge on IL-11 as a result of Runx2-Smad and Runx2-c-Jun interactions to amplify IL-11 gene expression that, together with Runx2, supports the osteolytic pathology of cancer induced bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hai Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jason R. Dobson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Deli Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jacqueline Akech
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lucia R. Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program and Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Modulation of Cytokines Production by Indomethacin Acute Dose during the Evolution of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:924028. [PMID: 26347589 PMCID: PMC4549603 DOI: 10.1155/2015/924028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a nonselective COX1/COX2 inhibitor (indomethacin) on tumor growth of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) in mice, using as parameters the tumor growth and cytokine profile. Mice were inoculated with EAT cells and treated with indomethacin. After 1, 3, 6, 10, and 13 days the animals were evaluated for the secretion of TNFα, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 and PGE2 level in peritoneal cavity. The results have shown that EAT induces PGE2 production and increases tumor cells number from the 10th day. The cytokine profile showed EAT induces production of IL-6 from 10th day and of IL-2 on 13th day; the other studied cytokines were not affected in a significant way. The indomethacin treatment of EAT-bearing mice inhibited the tumor growth and PGE2 synthesis from the 10th day. In addition, the treatment of EAT-bearing mice with indomethacin has stimulated the IL-13 production and has significantly inhibited IL-6 in the 13th day of tumor growth. Taken together, the results have demonstrated that EAT growth is modulated by PGE2 and the inhibition of the tumor growth could be partly related to suppression of IL-6 and induction of IL-13.
Collapse
|
18
|
YE XIAOLEI, ZHAO YARONG, WENG GUOBIN, CHEN YICHEN, WEI XUENI, SHAO JINGPING, JI HUI. IL-33-induced JNK pathway activation confers gastric cancer chemotherapy resistance. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2746-52. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
19
|
LIU XIAOYI, HU JIANXIA, SUN SUYUAN, LI FUNIAN, CAO WEIHONG, WANG YU, MA ZHONGLIANG, YU ZHIGANG. Mesenchymal stem cells expressing interleukin-18 suppress breast cancer cells in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1192-1200. [PMID: 25780408 PMCID: PMC4353741 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females throughout the world. Current treatments have unsatisfactory outcomes due to the dispersed nature of certain types of the disease. The development of a more effective therapy for breast cancer has long been one of the most elusive goals of cancer gene therapy. In the present study, human mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord (hUMSCs) genetically modified with interleukin 18 (IL-18) gene were used to study the effect of hUMSCs/IL-18 on the growth, migration and invasion of MCF-7 and HCC1937 cells in vitro. The hUMSCs could be efficiently modified by lentiviral systems and stably expressed IL-18 protein. hUMSCs/IL-18, but not hUMSCs without the IL-18 gene transduction, significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of the MCF-7 and HCC1937 cells. The mechanism of this proliferation suppression may have involved the induction of G1- to S-phase arrest of the breast cancer cells by the hUMSCs/IL-18. In conclusion, hUMSCs/IL-18 can suppress the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and may provide an approach for a novel antitumor therapy in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XIAOYI LIU
- Department of Galactophore, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
- Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - JIANXIA HU
- Stem Cell Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - SUYUAN SUN
- Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - FUNIAN LI
- Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - WEIHONG CAO
- Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - YU WANG
- Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - ZHONGLIANG MA
- Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - ZHIGANG YU
- Department of Galactophore, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alahari SV, Dong S, Alahari SK. Are macrophages in tumors good targets for novel therapeutic approaches? Mol Cells 2014; 38:95-104. [PMID: 25518927 PMCID: PMC4332036 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer has been an extensively researched topic over the past few decades. Although great strides have been made in cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, there is still much to be learned about cancer's micro-environmental mechanisms that contribute to cancer formation and aggressiveness. Macrophages, lymphocytes which originate from monocytes, are involved in the inflammatory response and often dispersed to areas of infection to fight harmful antigens and mutated cells in tissues. Macrophages have a plethora of roles including tissue development and repair, immune system functions, and inflammation. We discuss various pathways by which macrophages get activated, various approaches that can regulate the function of macrophages, and how these approaches can be helpful in developing new cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengli Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun T, Yang Y, Luo X, Cheng Y, Zhang M, Wang K, Ge C. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by interferon-γ by suppression of tumor-associated macrophage differentiation. Oncol Res 2014; 21:227-35. [PMID: 24854099 DOI: 10.3727/096504014x13890370410285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) differentiate from monocytes and are the M2-polarized macrophages in most human tumors, secreting generous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to promote angiogenesis. Although it has been shown in vitro that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) can inhibit monocytes differentiating to M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and switch TAMs from M2 into M1, suppressing the ability of secreting VEGF, its effects on TAMs in vivo remains unknown. Here we tried to examine the effects of IFN-γ on the recruitment of monocyte/macrophage differentiation of TAMs and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. We built a gallbladder cancer model by inoculating subcutaneously the human gallbladder cancer cell line (GBC-SD) into BALB/C nude mice and injected the recombinant mouse IFN-γ intratumorally. We found that in the IFN-γ group, the number of monocytes/macrophages was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01), and TAM differentiation rate, which we defined as the number of TAMs / the number of monocytes/macrophages × 100%, mice-VEGF concentration, and microvessels density (MVD) were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, and p < 0.01). Our results suggest that IFN-γ can induce monocytes/macrophages recruiting into the tumor microenvironment, but inhibit them, differentiating to TAMs in vivo, which may reduce the concentration of VEGF and angiogenesis in tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reiner G, Dreher F, Drungowski M, Hoeltig D, Bertsch N, Selke M, Willems H, Gerlach GF, Probst I, Tuemmler B, Waldmann KH, Herwig R. Pathway deregulation and expression QTLs in response to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in swine. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:600-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Zhang M, He Y, Sun X, Li Q, Wang W, Zhao A, Di W. A high M1/M2 ratio of tumor-associated macrophages is associated with extended survival in ovarian cancer patients. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:19. [PMID: 24507759 PMCID: PMC3939626 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are classified into two major phenotypes, M1 and M2. M1 TAMs suppress cancer progression, while M2 TAMs promote it. However, little is known regarding the role of TAMs in the development of ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated the relationship between TAM distribution patterns (density, microlocalization, and differentiation) and ovarian cancer histotypes, and we explored whether altered TAM distribution patterns influence long-term outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. METHODS A total of 112 ovarian cancer patients were enrolled in this study, and the subjects were divided into two groups according to their survival (< 5 years vs. ≥ 5 years). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to determine the density, microlocalization, and differentiation status of TAMs in ovarian cancer tissues for each histotype. Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of TAM-related parameters in ovarian cancer. RESULTS TAMs most frequently infiltrated into the cancer tissue of the serous histotype, followed by mucinous, undifferentiated, endometrioid, and clear cell histotypes (p = 0.049). The islet/stroma ratio of total TAMs varied among the cancer histotypes, with mucinous and undifferentiated cancers displaying the lowest and highest ratios, respectively (p = 0.005). The intratumoral TAM density significantly increased with increasing cancer stage and grade (p = 0.023 and 0.006, respectively). However, the overall M1/M2 TAM ratio decreased as the cancer stage increased (p = 0.012). In addition, the intra-islet M1/M2 ratio inversely correlated with the residual site size (p = 0.004). Among the TAM-related parameters, only the increased overall and intra-islet M1/M2 TAM ratios displayed prognostic significance in both the Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate Cox regression analyses; however, the values of these two parameters did not differ significantly among the cancer histotypes. CONCLUSIONS The patients with increased overall or intra-islet M1/M2 TAM ratios presented with an improved 5-year prognosis. Nevertheless, the TAM distribution patterns did not influence the overall outcomes of different ovarian cancer histotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yifeng He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He YF, Zhang MY, Wu X, Sun XJ, Xu T, He QZ, Di W. High MUC2 expression in ovarian cancer is inversely associated with the M1/M2 ratio of tumor-associated macrophages and patient survival time. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79769. [PMID: 24324582 PMCID: PMC3855613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 2 (MUC2) is a mucin molecule aberrantly expressed by ovarian cancer cells. Previous in vitro studies have indicated that MUC2 promotes cancer growth and metastasis through a tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-dependent mechanism. However, this mechanism has never been linked to clinical oncology, and its prognostic significance needed to be clarified. Here, we collected 102 consecutive ovarian cancer specimens and used the multiple immuno-histo-chemical/-fluorescent technique to determine the correlations between the MUC2 expression status, the ratio of M1/M2 TAMs and the densities of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)+ TAMs and COX-2+ cancer cells. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic influences of these parameters. As a result, we found that the MUC2 overexpression (immunostaining ++/+++) was significantly correlated with a reduced ratio of M1/M2 TAMs (p<0.001), an increased density of COX-2+ TAMs (p<0.001) and an increased density of COX-2+ cancer cells (p=0.017). Moreover, most of the M2 TAMs (93%-100%) and COX-2+ TAMs (63%-89%) overlapped; and the COX-2+ cancer cells were frequently observed near the COX-2+ TAMs. In the Cox regression analysis, MUC2 overexpression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for ovarian cancer patients, of which the hazard ratio (HR) was 2.354 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.031-10.707, p=0.005). Also, the reduced ratio of M1/M2 TAMs and the increased densities of COX-2+ TAMs and COX-2+ cancer cells were demonstrated to be the predictors of poor prognosis, among which the reduced M1/M2 ratio possessed the highest HR (1.767, 95% CI: 1.061-6.957, p=0.019). All these findings revealed that MUC2 can concurrently exert M2-polarizing and COX-2-inducing effects on TAMs, by which it causes an imbalanced TAM M1-/M2-polarization pattern and induces local PGE2 synthesis (in both TAMs and cancer cells). The positive feedback between local PGE2 synthesis and TAM M2-polarization accelerates ovarian cancer progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology
- Aged
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/mortality
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Dinoprostone/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Macrophages/classification
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Mucin-2/genetics
- Mucin-2/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-feng He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-jun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-zhi He
- Department of Pathology, First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Di
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oh YS, Kim HY, Song IC, Yun HJ, Jo DY, Kim S, Lee HJ. Hypoxia induces CXCR4 expression and biological activity in gastric cancer cells through activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2239-46. [PMID: 23023480 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the important role of CXCR4 in cancer metastasis, microenvironmental factors that modulate CXCR4 may have an impact on the process of tumor expansion. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and a significant microenvironmental factor that drives aggressive behavior. CXCR4 is upregulated in several cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, suggesting a relationship between tumor hypoxia and CXCR4. However, the role of hypoxia in regulating CXCR4 in gastric cancer remains poorly understood. KATO III gastric cancer cells were exposed to hypoxia or normoxia. CXCR4 expression in cells transfected with shRNA specific for HIF-1α was investigated by western blotting and flow cytometry. Wound healing, migration and invasion assays were used to assess cell motility and the chemotactic response to CXCL12, a major CXCR4 ligand. CXCR4 expression at the protein level and in the cell membrane was significantly increased in KATO III cells following exposure to hypoxia. This upregulation of CXCR4 was implicated in increased cell motility and enhanced chemotactic responses (migration and invasion) to CXCL12 treatment in vitro. The increases in CXCR4 expression and metastatic potential in gastric cancer cells exposed to hypoxia were blocked by HIF-1α-specific shRNA. Our results indicate that hypoxia upregulates CXCR4 in gastric cancer cells in a HIF-1α-dependent manner, and that upregulation of CXCR4 plays a role in cancer cell migration and invasion. Thus, disrupting the hypoxia-HIF-1α-CXCR4 axis could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Suk Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-131, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|