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Tao L, Ren X, Zhai W, Chen Z. Progress and Prospects of Non-Canonical NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Regulation of Liver Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134275. [PMID: 35807520 PMCID: PMC9268066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates many physiological and pathological processes, including liver homeostasis and diseases. Recent studies demonstrate that non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway plays an essential role in hyperglycemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver regeneration, liver injury, autoimmune liver disease, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting to non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway have been developed and shown promising results in the treatment of liver injuries. Here, the recent advances and future prospects in understanding the roles of the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathways in the regulation of liver diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Emergency Department, 305 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100017, China; (L.T.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical and Biology Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Correspondence: (X.R.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-45186402029 (Z.C.)
| | - Wenhui Zhai
- Emergency Department, 305 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100017, China; (L.T.); (W.Z.)
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (X.R.); (Z.C.); Tel.: +86-45186402029 (Z.C.)
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2
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Marchetti P, Antonov A, Anemona L, Vangapandou C, Montanaro M, Botticelli A, Mauriello A, Melino G, Catani MV. New immunological potential markers for triple negative breast cancer: IL18R1, CD53, TRIM, Jaw1, LTB, PTPRCAP. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 35201443 PMCID: PMC8777524 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, and settings of specific prognostic factors and efficacious therapies are made difficult by phenotypic heterogeneity of BC subtypes. Therefore, there is a current urgent need to define novel predictive genetic predictors that may be useful for stratifying patients with distinct prognostic outcomes. Here, we looked for novel molecular signatures for triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). By a bioinformatic approach, we identified a panel of genes, whose expression was positively correlated with disease-free survival in TNBC patients, namely IL18R1, CD53, TRIM, Jaw1, LTB, and PTPRCAP, showing specific immune expression profiles linked to survival prediction; most of these genes are indeed expressed in immune cells and are required for productive lymphocyte activation. According to our hypothesis, these genes were not, or poorly, expressed in different TNBC cell lines, derived from either primary breast tumours or metastatic pleural effusions. This conclusion was further supported in vivo, as immuno-histochemical analysis on biopsies of TNBC invasive ductal carcinomas highlighted differential expression of these six genes in cancer cells, as well as in intra- and peri-tumoral infiltrating lymphocytes. Our data open to the possibility that inter-tumour heterogeneity of immune markers might have predictive value; further investigations are recommended in order to establish the real power of cancer-related immune profiles as prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marchetti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexey Antonov
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chaitania Vangapandou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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3
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Lim KS, Yong ZWE, Wang H, Tan TZ, Huang RYJ, Yamamoto D, Inaki N, Hazawa M, Wong RW, Oshima H, Oshima M, Ito Y, Voon DCC. Inflammatory and mitogenic signals drive interleukin 23 subunit alpha (IL23A) secretion independent of IL12B in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6387-6400. [PMID: 32209656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterodimeric cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23 or IL23A/IL12B) is produced by dendritic cells and macrophages and promotes the proinflammatory and regenerative activities of T helper 17 (Th17) and innate lymphoid cells. A recent study has reported that IL-23 is also secreted by lung adenoma cells and generates an inflammatory and immune-suppressed stroma. Here, we observed that proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling strongly induce IL23A expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, we identified a strong crosstalk between the NF-κB and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) pathways, involving the formation of a transcriptional enhancer complex consisting of proto-oncogene c-Jun (c-Jun), RELA proto-oncogene NF-κB subunit (RelA), RUNX family transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), and RUNX3. Collectively, these proteins induced IL23A secretion, confirmed by immunoprecipitation of endogenous IL23A from activated human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell culture supernatants. Interestingly, IL23A was likely secreted in a noncanonical form, as it was not detected by an ELISA specific for heterodimeric IL-23 likely because IL12B expression is absent in CRC cells. Given recent evidence that IL23A promotes tumor formation, we evaluated the efficacy of MAPK/NF-κB inhibitors in attenuating IL23A expression and found that the MEK inhibitor trametinib and BAY 11-7082 (an IKKα/IκB inhibitor) effectively inhibited IL23A in a subset of human CRC lines with mutant KRAS or BRAFV600E mutations. Together, these results indicate that proinflammatory and mitogenic signals dynamically regulate IL23A in epithelial cells. They further reveal its secretion in a noncanonical form independent of IL12B and that small-molecule inhibitors can attenuate IL23A secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Siang Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Zachary Wei Ern Yong
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Huajing Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138669
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Ruby Yun-Ju Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Ishikawa 920-8530, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Inaki
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Richard W Wong
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Faculty of Natural System, Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Oshima
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masanobu Oshima
- WPI Nano-Life Science Institute (Nano-LSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.,Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Dominic Chih-Cheng Voon
- Division of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan .,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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4
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Guillot A, Gasmi I, Brouillet A, Ait-Ahmed Y, Calderaro J, Ruiz I, Gao B, Lotersztajn S, Pawlotsky JM, Lafdil F. Interleukins-17 and 27 promote liver regeneration by sequentially inducing progenitor cell expansion and differentiation. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:329-343. [PMID: 29507906 PMCID: PMC5831061 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver progenitor cells (LPCs)/ductular reactions (DRs) are associated with inflammation and implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. However, how inflammation regulates LPCs/DRs remains largely unknown. Identification of inflammatory processes that involve LPC activation and expansion represent a key step in understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases. In the current study, we found that diverse types of chronic liver diseases are associated with elevation of infiltrated interleukin (IL)-17-positive (+) cells and cytokeratin 19 (CK19)+ LPCs, and both cell types colocalized and their numbers positively correlated with each other. The role of IL-17 in the induction of LPCs was examined in a mouse model fed a choline-deficient and ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet. Feeding of wild-type mice with the CDE diet markedly elevated CK19+Ki67+ proliferating LPCs and hepatic inflammation. Disruption of the IL-17 gene or IL-27 receptor, alpha subunit (WSX-1) gene abolished CDE diet-induced LPC expansion and inflammation. In vitro treatment with IL-17 promoted proliferation of bipotential murine oval liver cells (a liver progenitor cell line) and markedly up-regulated IL-27 expression in macrophages. Treatment with IL-27 favored the differentiation of bipotential murine oval liver cells and freshly isolated LPCs into hepatocytes. Conclusion: The current data provide evidence for a collaborative role between IL-17 and IL-27 in promoting LPC expansion and differentiation, respectively, thereby contributing to liver regeneration. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:329-343).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Guillot
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Imène Gasmi
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France
| | - Arthur Brouillet
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France
| | - Yeni Ait-Ahmed
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor Université Paris-Est Créteil France
| | - Isaac Ruiz
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Département d'Hépatologie, Université Paris-Est Créteil France
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Present address: Present address for Sophie Lotersztajn is INSERM-U1149, CNRS-ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Paris, France, and Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | - Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955 Créteil France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale Créteil France.,Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
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5
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Mejías-Luque R, Zöller J, Anderl F, Loew-Gil E, Vieth M, Adler T, Engler DB, Urban S, Browning JL, Müller A, Gerhard M, Heikenwalder M. Lymphotoxin β receptor signalling executes Helicobacter pylori-driven gastric inflammation in a T4SS-dependent manner. Gut 2017; 66:1369-1381. [PMID: 27196595 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signalling has been implicated in inflammation-associated tumour development in different tissues. We have analysed the role of LTβR and alternative NF-κB signalling in Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastric inflammation and pathology. DESIGN We analysed several ligands and receptors of the alternative NF-κB pathway, RelB, p52 nuclear translocation and target genes in tissue samples of H. pylori-infected patients with different degrees of gastritis or early gastric tumours by in situ hybridisation, immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. Molecular mechanisms involved in LTβR activation by H. pylori were assessed in vitro using human gastric cancer cell lines and distinct H. pylori isolates. The effects of blocking or agonistically activating LTβR on gastric pathology during challenge with a human pathogenic H. pylori strain were studied in a mouse model. RESULTS Among the tested candidates, LT was significantly increased and activated alternative NF-κB signalling was observed in the gastric mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients. H. pyloriinduced LTβR-ligand expression in a type IV secretion system-dependent but CagA-independent manner, resulting in activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway, which was further enhanced by blocking canonical NF-κB during infection. Blocking LTβR signalling in vivo suppressed H. pylori-driven gastritis, whereas LTβR activation in gastric epithelial cells of infected mice induced a broadened pro-inflammatory chemokine milieu, resulting in exacerbated pathology. CONCLUSIONS LTβR-triggered activation of alternative NF-κB signalling in gastric epithelial cells executes H. pylori-induced chronic gastritis, representing a novel target to restrict gastric inflammation and pathology elicited by H. pylori, while exclusively targeting canonical NF-κB may aggravate pathology by enhancing the alternative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Zöller
- Institut für Virologie, Technische Universität München, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Anderl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Loew-Gil
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thure Adler
- Immunology Screen, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela B Engler
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Urban
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institut für Virologie, Technische Universität München, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Best J, Manka P, Syn WK, Dollé L, van Grunsven LA, Canbay A. Role of liver progenitors in liver regeneration. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 4:48-58. [PMID: 25713804 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2015.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During massive liver injury and hepatocyte loss, the intrinsic regenerative capacity of the liver by replication of resident hepatocytes is overwhelmed. Treatment of this condition depends on the cause of liver injury, though in many cases liver transplantation (LT) remains the only curative option. LT for end stage chronic and acute liver diseases is hampered by shortage of donor organs and requires immunosuppression. Hepatocyte transplantation is limited by yet unresolved technical difficulties. Since currently no treatment is available to facilitate liver regeneration directly, therapies involving the use of resident liver stem or progenitor cells (LPCs) or non-liver stem cells are coming to fore. LPCs are quiescent in the healthy liver, but may be activated under conditions where the regenerative capacity of mature hepatocytes is severely impaired. Non-liver stem cells include embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In the first section, we aim to provide an overview of the role of putative cytokines, growth factors, mitogens and hormones in regulating LPC response and briefly discuss the prognostic value of the LPC response in clinical practice. In the latter section, we will highlight the role of other (non-liver) stem cells in transplantation and discuss advantages and disadvantages of ES cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), as well as MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Best
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany ; 2 Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium ; 3 Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK ; 4 Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK ; 5 Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Paul Manka
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany ; 2 Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium ; 3 Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK ; 4 Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK ; 5 Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany ; 2 Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium ; 3 Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK ; 4 Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK ; 5 Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Laurent Dollé
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany ; 2 Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium ; 3 Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK ; 4 Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK ; 5 Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany ; 2 Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium ; 3 Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK ; 4 Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK ; 5 Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Ali Canbay
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany ; 2 Liver Cell Biology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium ; 3 Regeneration and Repair, The Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK ; 4 Liver Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK ; 5 Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago, USA
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7
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IL-17A alone weakly affects the transcriptome of intestinal epithelial cells but strongly modulates the TNF-α-induced expression of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility genes. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:1502-15. [PMID: 25105947 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to anti-TNF-α antibodies, anti-IL-17A antibodies lacked clinical efficacy in a trial with patients suffering from Crohn's disease. We therefore analyzed how IL-17A modulates the inflammatory response elicited by TNF-α in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). METHODS Target mRNA levels in IEC and colonic biopsies were assessed by RNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. Signaling pathways were analyzed using receptor neutralization and pharmacological inhibitors. Target protein levels were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS Microarray analysis demonstrated that IL-17A alone is a weak inducer of gene expression in IEC (29 regulated transcripts), but significantly affected the TNF-α-induced expression of 547 genes, with strong amplification of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines (>200-fold increase of CCL20, CXCL1, and CXCL8). Interestingly, IL-17A differentially modulated the TNF-α-induced expression of several inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility genes in IEC (increase of JAK2 mRNA, decrease of FUT2, ICAM1, and LTB mRNA). Negative regulation of ICAM-1 by IL-17A was verified on protein level. The significance of these findings is emphasized by inflamed lesions of patients with inflammatory bowel disease demonstrating significant correlations (P < 0.01, Rho, 0.57-0.85) for JAK2, ICAM1, and LTB mRNA with IL17A and TNF mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the modulation of inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility gene mRNA in IEC as a novel important property of IL-17A. Given the weak impact of sole IL-17A stimulation on IEC target gene expression, our study provides an important explanation for the lack of clinical efficacy of sole IL-17A neutralization, but suggests a beneficial effect of combined IL-17A/TNF-α that is currently in clinical development.
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8
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Dwyer BJ, Olynyk JK, Ramm GA, Tirnitz-Parker JEE. TWEAK and LTβ Signaling during Chronic Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2014; 5:39. [PMID: 24592262 PMCID: PMC3923149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLD) such as hepatitis B and C virus infection, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are associated with hepatocellular necrosis, continual inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis. The induced microenvironment triggers the activation of liver-resident progenitor cells (LPCs) while hepatocyte replication is inhibited. In the early injury stages, LPCs regenerate the liver by proliferation, migration to sites of injury, and differentiation into functional biliary epithelial cells or hepatocytes. However, when this process becomes dysregulated, wound healing can progress to pathological fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. The other key mediators in the pathogenesis of progressive CLD are fibrosis-driving, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that usually proliferate in very close spatial association with LPCs. Recent studies from our group and others have suggested the potential for cytokine and chemokine cross-talk between LPCs and HSCs, which is mainly driven by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and lymphotoxin-β, potentially dictating the pathological outcomes of chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Dwyer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University , Bentley, WA , Australia
| | - John K Olynyk
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University , Bentley, WA , Australia ; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia , Fremantle, WA , Australia ; Department of Gastroenterology, Fremantle Hospital , Fremantle, WA , Australia ; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University , Murdoch, WA , Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD , Australia ; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane, QLD , Australia
| | - Janina E E Tirnitz-Parker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences Research Precinct, Curtin University , Bentley, WA , Australia ; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia , Fremantle, WA , Australia
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9
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Lu TT, Browning JL. Role of the Lymphotoxin/LIGHT System in the Development and Maintenance of Reticular Networks and Vasculature in Lymphoid Tissues. Front Immunol 2014; 5:47. [PMID: 24575096 PMCID: PMC3920476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid organs are meeting zones where lymphocytes come together and encounter antigens present in the blood and lymph or as delivered by cells migrating from the draining tissue bed. The exquisite efficiency of this process relies heavily on highly specialized anatomy to direct and position the various players. Gated entry and exit control access to these theaters and reticular networks and associated chemokines guide cells into the proper sections. Lymphoid tissues are remarkably plastic, being able to expand dramatically and then involute upon resolution of the danger. All of the reticular scaffolds and vascular and lymphatic components adapt accordingly. As such, the lymph node (LN) is a wonderful example of a physiologic remodeling process and is potentially a guide to study such elements in pathological settings such as fibrosis, chronic infection, and tumor metastasis. The lymphotoxin/LIGHT axis delivers critical differentiation signals that direct and hone differentiation of both reticular networks and the vasculature. Considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the mesenchymal differentiation pathways leading to these specialized networks and in the remodeling that occurs in reactive LNs. In this article, we will review some new advances in the area in terms of developmental, differentiation, and maintenance events mediated by this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa T Lu
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY , USA
| | - Jeffrey L Browning
- Department of Microbiology and Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
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