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Jin L, Jiang BG, Yin Y, Guo J, Jiang JF, Qi X, Crispell G, Karim S, Cao WC, Lai R. Interference with LTβR signaling by tick saliva facilitates transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208274119. [PMID: 36383602 PMCID: PMC9704693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208274119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme spirochetes have coevolved with ticks to optimize transmission to hosts using tick salivary molecules (TSMs) to counteract host defenses. TSMs modulate various molecular events at the tick-host interface. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTβR) is a vital immune receptor and plays protective roles in host immunity against microbial infections. We found that Ltbr knockout mice were more susceptible to Lyme disease spirochetes, suggesting the involvement of LTβR signaling in tick-borne Borrelia infection. Further investigation showed that a 15-kDa TSM protein from Ixodes persulcatus (I. persulcatus salivary protein; IpSAP) functioned as an immunosuppressant to facilitate the transmission and infection of Lyme disease spirochetes. IpSAP directly interacts with LTβR to block its activation, thus inhibiting the downstream signaling and consequently suppressing immunity. IpSAP immunization provided mice with significant protection against I. persulcatus-mediated Borrelia garinii infection. Notably, the immunization showed considerable cross-protection against other Borrelia infections mediated by other ixodid ticks. One of the IpSAP homologs from other ixodid ticks showed similar effects on Lyme spirochete transmission. Together, our findings suggest that LTβR signaling plays an important role in blocking the transmission and pathogenesis of tick-borne Lyme disease spirochetes, and that IpSAP and its homologs are promising candidates for broad-spectrum vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yizhu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingya Guo
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Gary Crispell
- Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Shahid Karim
- Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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Veerman K, Tardiveau C, Martins F, Coudert J, Girard JP. Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Heterogeneity of High Endothelial Venules and Different Regulation of Genes Controlling Lymphocyte Entry to Lymph Nodes. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3116-3131.e5. [PMID: 30865898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels allowing recirculation of naive lymphocytes through lymphoid organs. Here, using full-length, single-cell RNA sequencing, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), flow cytometry, and immunohistofluorescence, we reveal the heterogeneity of HEVs in adult mouse peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) under conditions of homeostasis, antigenic stimulation, and after inhibition of lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signaling. We demonstrate that HEV endothelial cells are in an activated state during homeostasis, and we identify the genes characteristic of the differentiated HEV phenotype. We show that LTβR signaling regulates many HEV genes and pathways in resting PLNs and that immune stimulation induces a global and temporary inflammatory phenotype in HEVs without compromising their ability to recruit naive lymphocytes. Most importantly, we uncover differences in the regulation of genes controlling lymphocyte trafficking, Glycam1, Fut7, Gcnt1, Chst4, B3gnt3, and Ccl21a, that have implications for HEV function and regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle Veerman
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Tardiveau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Martins
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1048, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France; Plateforme Genome et Transcriptome (GeT), Genopole Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Juliette Coudert
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Girard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Allen E, Missiaen R, Bergers G. Therapeutic induction of high endothelial venules (HEVs) to enhance T-cell infiltration in tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99207-8. [PMID: 29245888 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Fernandes MT, Ghezzo MN, Silveira AB, Kalathur RK, Póvoa V, Ribeiro AR, Brandalise SR, Dejardin E, Alves NL, Ghysdael J, Barata JT, Yunes JA, dos Santos NR. Lymphotoxin-β receptor in microenvironmental cells promotes the development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with cortical/mature immunophenotype. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:736-51. [PMID: 26456771 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin-mediated activation of the lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR; LTBR) has been implicated in cancer, but its role in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) has remained elusive. Here we show that the genes encoding lymphotoxin (LT)-α and LTβ (LTA, LTB) are expressed in T-ALL patient samples, mostly of the TAL/LMO molecular subtype, and in the TEL-JAK2 transgenic mouse model of cortical/mature T-ALL (Lta, Ltb). In these mice, expression of Lta and Ltb is elevated in early stage T-ALL. Surface LTα1 β2 protein is expressed in primary mouse T-ALL cells, but only in the absence of microenvironmental LTβR interaction. Indeed, surface LT expression is suppressed in leukaemic cells contacting Ltbr-expressing but not Ltbr-deficient stromal cells, both in vitro and in vivo, thus indicating that dynamic surface LT expression in leukaemic cells depends on interaction with its receptor. Supporting the notion that LT signalling plays a role in T-ALL, inactivation of Ltbr results in a significant delay in TEL-JAK2-induced leukaemia onset. Moreover, young asymptomatic TEL-JAK2;Ltbr(-/-) mice present markedly less leukaemic thymocytes than age-matched TEL-JAK2;Ltbr(+/+) mice and interference with LTβR function at this early stage delayed T-ALL development. We conclude that LT expression by T-ALL cells activates LTβR signalling in thymic stromal cells, thus promoting leukaemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica T Fernandes
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marinella N Ghezzo
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Ravi K Kalathur
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vanda Póvoa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Thymus Development and Function Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nuno L Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Thymus Development and Function Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jacques Ghysdael
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR3306, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.,INSERM U1005, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Andres Yunes
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nuno R dos Santos
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Lu TT, Browning JL. Role of the Lymphotoxin/LIGHT System in the Development and Maintenance of Reticular Networks and Vasculature in Lymphoid Tissues. Front Immunol 2014; 5:47. [PMID: 24575096 PMCID: PMC3920476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid organs are meeting zones where lymphocytes come together and encounter antigens present in the blood and lymph or as delivered by cells migrating from the draining tissue bed. The exquisite efficiency of this process relies heavily on highly specialized anatomy to direct and position the various players. Gated entry and exit control access to these theaters and reticular networks and associated chemokines guide cells into the proper sections. Lymphoid tissues are remarkably plastic, being able to expand dramatically and then involute upon resolution of the danger. All of the reticular scaffolds and vascular and lymphatic components adapt accordingly. As such, the lymph node (LN) is a wonderful example of a physiologic remodeling process and is potentially a guide to study such elements in pathological settings such as fibrosis, chronic infection, and tumor metastasis. The lymphotoxin/LIGHT axis delivers critical differentiation signals that direct and hone differentiation of both reticular networks and the vasculature. Considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the mesenchymal differentiation pathways leading to these specialized networks and in the remodeling that occurs in reactive LNs. In this article, we will review some new advances in the area in terms of developmental, differentiation, and maintenance events mediated by this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa T Lu
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY , USA
| | - Jeffrey L Browning
- Department of Microbiology and Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
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Wang W, Parchim NF, Iriyama T, Luo R, Zhao C, Liu C, Irani RA, Zhang W, Ning C, Zhang Y, Blackwell SC, Chen L, Tao L, Hicks MJ, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Excess LIGHT contributes to placental impairment, increased secretion of vasoactive factors, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. Hypertension 2013; 63:595-606. [PMID: 24324043 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a prevalent hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is believed to be secondary to uteroplacental ischemia. Accumulating evidence indicates that hypoxia-independent mediators, including inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, are associated with preeclampsia, but it is unclear whether these signals directly contribute to placental damage and disease development in vivo. We report that LIGHT, a novel tumor necrosis factor superfamily member, is significantly elevated in the circulation and placentas of preeclamptic women compared with normotensive pregnant women. Injection of LIGHT into pregnant mice induced placental apoptosis, small fetuses, and key features of preeclampsia, hypertension and proteinuria. Mechanistically, using neutralizing antibodies specific for LIGHT receptors, we found that LIGHT receptors herpes virus entry mediator and lymphotoxin β receptor are required for LIGHT-induced placental impairment, small fetuses, and preeclampsia features in pregnant mice. Accordingly, we further revealed that LIGHT functions through these 2 receptors to induce secretion of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and endothelin-1, 2 well-accepted pathogenic factors in preeclampsia, and thereby plays an important role in hypertension and proteinuria in pregnant mice. Lastly, we extended our animal findings to human studies and demonstrated that activation of LIGHT receptors resulted in increased apoptosis and elevation of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 secretion in human placental villous explants. Overall, our human and mouse studies show that LIGHT signaling is a previously unrecognized pathway responsible for placental apoptosis, elevated secretion of vasoactive factors, and subsequent maternal features of preeclampsia, and reveal new therapeutic opportunities for the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX 77030.
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