An updated meta-analysis on the association of TGF-β1 gene promoter -509C/T polymorphism with colorectal cancer risk

TGFβ1 rs1800469 and SMAD4 rs10502913 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Bangladeshi population

BACKGROUND

Among Bangladeshi males and females, colorectal cancer is the fourth and fifth most prevalent cancer, respectively. Several studies have shown that the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) gene and SMAD4 gene have a great impact on colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to investigate whether TGFβ1 rs1800469 and SMAD4 rs10502913 genetic polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in the Bangladeshi population.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

This case-control study was performed on 167 colorectal cancer patients and 162 healthy volunteers, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was employed for genotyping.

RESULTS

In case of SMAD4 rs10502913 G > A polymorphism, the A allele reduced the colorectal cancer risk significantly (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.52, p < 0.001) when compared to the G allele. It was also found that G/A and A/A genotypes of SMAD4 rs10502913 G > A polymorphism reduced the risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to the G/G genotype (G/A vs. G/G: adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12-0.45, p < 0.001 and A/A vs. G/G: adjusted OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.21, p < 0.001). TGFβ1 rs1800469 C > T polymorphism showed an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer, although the results were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

This study confirms the association of SMAD4 rs10502913 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer susceptibility among the Bangladeshi population.

Association of Selenoprotein and Selenium Pathway Genotypes with Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Interaction with Selenium Status

Selenoprotein genetic variations and suboptimal selenium (Se) levels may contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We examined the association between CRC risk and genotype for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selenoprotein and Se metabolic pathway genes. Illumina Goldengate assays were designed and resulted in the genotyping of 1040 variants in 154 genes from 1420 cases and 1421 controls within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Multivariable logistic regression revealed an association of 144 individual SNPs from 63 Se pathway genes with CRC risk. However, regarding the selenoprotein genes, only TXNRD1 rs11111979 retained borderline statistical significance after adjustment for correlated tests (PACT = 0.10; PACT significance threshold was P < 0.1). SNPs in Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) and Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-signaling genes (FRZB, SMAD3, SMAD7) from pathways affected by Se intake were also associated with CRC risk after multiple testing adjustments. Interactions with Se status (using existing serum Se and Selenoprotein P data) were tested at the SNP, gene, and pathway levels. Pathway analyses using the modified Adaptive Rank Truncated Product method suggested that genes and gene x Se status interactions in antioxidant, apoptosis, and TGF-beta signaling pathways may be associated with CRC risk. This study suggests that SNPs in the Se pathway alone or in combination with suboptimal Se status may contribute to CRC development.

Transforming growth factor-β1 gene promoter -509C/T polymorphism in association with expression affects colorectal cancer development and depends on gender

It is widely known that sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is age-related diseases with higher incidence rate among men. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a major immune regulatory cytokine with a great impact and dual role in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. In this context, the aim of the study was to explore the role of circulating TGF-β1 and the -509C/T functional promoter polymorphism (rs1800469) within the TGF-β1 gene (TGFB1) in the susceptibility, progression, and prognosis of CRC among Bulgarian male and female patients. Patients with sporadic CRC and healthy controls were genotyped by polymerase-chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum TGF-β1 levels before and after curative surgery were determined by ELISA. Total RNA was extracted from paired tumor, normal mucosa and distant metastasis samples and was used for quantitative detection of TGFB1 mRNA by TaqMan qPCR.We observed that TGF-β1 serum levels depend on the -509C/T genotype in combination with gender. TGF-β1 serum levels in CRC patients were decreased compared to controls, but statistical significance was reached only for men. In the stratified analysis by gender and genotype, a significant association was found for the CC genotype. Overall, our results indicate that the -509C allele increased the cancer risk, particularly for advanced stages (OR = 1.477; p = 0.029). The results from the relative mRNA quantification showed a significant upregulation of TGFB1 in distant metastases compared to primary tumor tissues and higher TGFB1 mRNA levels in men (RQ = 4.959; p = 0.022). In conclusion, we present data that diminished circulating TGF-β1 due to the CC genotype could be a possible risk factor for tumor susceptibility and progression. This association is more pronounced in males than in females. Colorectal cancer tissue expression of TGFB1 gene mRNA correlates with tumor progression and metastasis.

Polymorphisms in the genes related to angiogenesis are associated with uterine cervical cancer

INTRODUCTION

The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) participates in the angiogenesis of several cancer types. The goal of this study was to investigate polymorphisms in genes related to angiogenesis (PAI-1-675 4G/5G, VEGF C936T, and TGF-β1 G-800A) to evaluate the risk for developing uterine cervical cancer (UCC).

METHODS

In a case-control study, 100 healthy subjects and 100 patients with UCC from Mexico were included. We determined the genetic profile of the polymorphic markers, which were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction using a sequence-specific primer.

RESULTS

There was no statistical difference in the allele distribution from the intergroup comparisons of PAI-1 675 4G/5G and VEGF C936T data; however, a significant difference was observed within TGF-β1 G-800A. The linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed that PAI-1 -675 4G and TGF-β1 -800A pair-haplotype was in strong linkage disequilibrium with a significantly increased risk (odds ratio, 3.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.66-7.25) to UCC.

CONCLUSIONS

The polymorphisms in the genes related to angiogenesis -675 4G/5G PAI-1 and G-800A TGF-β1, segregated solely or combined, might contribute to the increased susceptibility to UCC in a Mexican population.

TGF-β1 -509C/T (or +869T/C) polymorphism might be not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk

Many studies have reported the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) -509C/T or +869T/C polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. However, these studies have yielded conflicting results. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to investigate the association between TGF-β1 -509C/T or +869T/C polymorphism and HCC. A total of 11 studies including 2,577 HCC cases and 4,107 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TGF-β1 -509C/T (or +869T/C) polymorphism was not associated with HCC risk (homogeneous co-dominant model: OR = 1.29, 95 % CI = 0.88-1.89; heterogeneous co-dominant model: OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 0.91-1.45; dominant model: OR = 1.14, 95 % CI = 0.87-1.48; recessive model: OR = 1.15, 95 % CI = 0.89-1.49). In the subgroup analysis, TGF-β1 -509C/T (or +869T/C) polymorphism was significantly associated with HCC risk in Caucasians under the recessive model (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI = 1.07-2.55) but not in other genetic models. In addition, we did not observe significant association in Asians under all genetic models. In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicates that TGF-β1 -509C/T (or +869T/C) polymorphism was not associated with risk of HCC, although a marginal association was found for Caucasians. However, a study with the larger sample size is needed to further evaluate gene-environment interaction on the association.