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Fan J, Hu J. Retinol binding protein 4 and type 2 diabetes: from insulin resistance to pancreatic β-cell function. Endocrine 2024; 85:1020-1034. [PMID: 38520616 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine that has been explored as a key biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in recent years. Researchers have conducted a series of experiments to understand the interplay between RBP4 and T2DM, including its role in insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function. The results of these studies indicate that RBP4 has a significant influence on T2DM and is considered a potential biomarker of T2DM. However, there have also been some controversies about the relationship between RBP4 levels and T2DM. In this review, we update and summarize recent studies focused on the relationship between RBP4 and T2DM and its role in insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell function to clarify the existing controversy and provide evidence for future studies. We also assessed the potential therapeutic applications of RBP4 in treating T2DM. METHODS A narrative review. RESULTS Overall, there were significant associations between RBP4 levels, insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell function, and T2DM. CONCLUSIONS More mechanistic studies are needed to determine the role of RBP4 in the onset of T2DM, especially in terms of pancreatic β-cell function. In addition, further studies are required to evaluate the effects of drug intervention, lifestyle intervention, and bariatric surgery on RBP4 levels to control T2DM and the role of reducing RBP4 levels in improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jinxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research, Department of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Institute of Tuberculosis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, PR China
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Bidares M, Safari-Kish B, Malekzadeh-Shoushtari H, Azarbayejani N, Nosouhi G, Aziz M. Assessing the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1855-1865. [PMID: 38451368 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze changes in retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels before and after bariatric surgery in obese individuals. Bariatric surgery is a safe and effective treatment for morbid obesity, impacting molecules like RBP4. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 relevant studies were conducted, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Scopus. Significant differences in RBP4, glucose, and BMI levels pre- and post-surgery were observed. Meta-regression analysis explored associations with age, pre-BMI, triglycerides, glucose, and post-insulin levels. Findings suggest RBP4 may improve insulin sensitivity after bariatric surgery, warranting further investigation as a potential pharmacotherapeutic target. These results highlight the importance of understanding RBP4's role in the context of bariatric surgery and its implications for improving metabolic health in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Bidares
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal Code: 8514143131, Iran
| | - Borna Safari-Kish
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal Code: 8514143131, Iran.
| | | | - Niloufar Azarbayejani
- School of Medicine, Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Postal Code: 6618634683, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Nosouhi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal Code: 8514143131, Iran
| | - Mahsa Aziz
- Clinical Research Development Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Postal Code: 8514143131, Iran
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Brzozowska MM, Isaacs M, Bliuc D, Baldock PA, Eisman JA, White CP, Greenfield JR, Center JR. Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary intervention on insulin resistance and appetite hormones over a 3 year period. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6032. [PMID: 37055514 PMCID: PMC10102182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine an impact of three types of bariatric surgery compared with dietary intervention (DIET), on concurrent changes in Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and appetite hormones over 3 years. Fifty-five adults were studied during phase of weight loss (0-12 months) and during weight stability (12-36 months) post intervention. Measurements of HOMA-IR, fasting and postprandial PYY and GLP1, adiponectin, CRP, RBP4, FGF21 hormones and dual-Xray absorptiometry were performed throughout the study. All surgical groups achieved significant reductions in HOMA-IR with greatest difference between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and DIET (- 3.7; 95% CI - 5.4, - 2.1; p = 0.001) at 12-36 months. Initial (0-12 months) HOMA-IR values were no different to DIET after adjustment for the lost weight. During 12-36 months, after controlling for treatment procedure and weight, for every twofold increase in postprandial PYY and adiponectin, HOMA-IR decreased by 0.91 (95% CI - 1.71, - 0.11; p = 0.030) and by 0.59 (95% CI - 1.10, - 0.10; p = 0.023) respectively. Initial, non-sustained changes in RBP4 and FGF21 were not associated with HOMA-IR values. While initial rapid weight loss reduces insulin resistance, the enhanced secretions of PYY and adiponectin may contribute to weight-independent improvements in HOMA-IR during weight stability.Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12613000188730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata M Brzozowska
- Endocrinology, The Sutherland Hospital, Caringbah, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Healthy Ageing Theme, Darlinghurst, Australia.
| | - Michelle Isaacs
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Healthy Ageing Theme, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Healthy Ageing Theme, Darlinghurst, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - John A Eisman
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Healthy Ageing Theme, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Chris P White
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, NSW Health Pathology, Randwick, Australia
- Endocrinology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Jerry R Greenfield
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Healthy Ageing Theme, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Center
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Healthy Ageing Theme, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Endocrinology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Darlinghurst, Australia
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4
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Moffett RC, Docherty NG, le Roux CW. The altered enteroendocrine reportoire following roux-en-Y-gastric bypass as an effector of weight loss and improved glycaemic control. Appetite 2020; 156:104807. [PMID: 32871202 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The alarming rise in obesity and relative lack of pharmacotherapies to treat, what is becoming a global epidemic, has necessitated that an increasing number of bariatric procedures be performed. Several surgical techniques have been developed during the last 50 years and the advent of laparoscopic surgery has increased the safety and efficacy of these procedures. Bariatric surgery is by a substantial margin, the most efficacious means of achieving sustained weight loss maintenance in patients with obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) elicits the most favourable metabolic outcomes with attendant benefits for type 2 diabetes and, cardiovascular disease as well as endocrine disorders and cancers in females. RYGB is the most extensively studied bariatric procedure regarding mechanism of action. In this review we catalogue the multiple alterations in secretion of gut hormones (ghrelin, obestatin, cholecystokinin, GLP-1, PYY, GIP, oxyntomodulin, glicentin and GLP-2) occurring after RYGB and summarise evidence indicating that these changes play a role in the reduction of food intake and improvements in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Charlotte Moffett
- SAAD Centre for Pharmacy and Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
| | - Neil G Docherty
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland; Investigative Science, Imperial College London, UK
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LUCAS CRISTINAM, ZANIQUELI DIVANEI, ALVIM RAFAELO, MIGUEL GUSTAVOP, MILL JOSÉGERALDO. Longitudinal study of the sympathovagal balance in women submitted to bariatric surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92:e20181184. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020181184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Coppedè F, Seghieri M, Stoccoro A, Santini E, Giannini L, Rossi C, Migliore L, Solini A. DNA methylation of genes regulating appetite and prediction of weight loss after bariatric surgery in obese individuals. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:37-44. [PMID: 29603098 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic traits are influenced by clinical variables; interaction between DNA methylation (DNAmeth) and bariatric surgery-induced weight loss has been scarcely explored. We investigated whether DNAmeth of genes encoding for molecules/hormones regulating appetite, food intake or obesity could predict successful weight outcome following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS Forty-five obese individuals with no known comorbidities were stratified accordingly to weight decrease one-year after RYGB (excess weight loss, EWL ≥ 50%: good responders, GR; EWL < 50%: worse responders, WR). DNAmeth of leptin (LEP), ghrelin (GHRL), ghrelin receptor (GHSR) and insulin-growth factor-2 (IGF2) was assessed before intervention. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes affecting DNAmeth, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, were also determined. RESULTS At baseline, type 2 diabetes was diagnosed by OGTT in 13 patients. Post-operatively, GR (n = 23) and WR (n = 22) achieved an EWL of 67.7 ± 9.6 vs 38.2 ± 9.0%, respectively. Baseline DNAmeth did not differ between GR and WR for any tested genes, even when the analysis was restricted to subjects with no diabetes. A relationship between GHRL and LEP methylation profiles emerged (r = 0.47, p = 0.001). Searching for correlation between DNAmeth of the studied genes with demographic characteristics and baseline biochemical parameters of the studied population, we observed a correlation between IGF2 methylation and folate (r = 0.44, p = 0.003). Rs11683424 for DNMT3A and rs2424913 for DNMT3B did not correlate with DNAmeth of the studied genes. CONCLUSIONS In severely obese subjects, the degree of DNAmeth of some genes affecting obesity and related conditions does not work as predictor of successful response to RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Seghieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Giannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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Khosravi-Largani M, Nojomi M, Aghili R, Otaghvar HA, Tanha K, Seyedi SHS, Mottaghi A. Evaluation of all Types of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery and its Consequences: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2018; 29:651-690. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Green BD, Grieve DJ. Biochemical properties and biological actions of obestatin and its relevence in type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2018; 100:249-259. [PMID: 29412827 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obestatin was initially discovered in rat stomach extract, and although it is principally produced in the gastric mucosa, it can be found throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This 23-amino acid C-terminally amidated peptide is derived from preproghrelin and has been ascribed a wide range of metabolic effects relevant to type 2 diabetes. Obestatin reportedly inhibits gastrointestinal motility, reduces food intake and lowers body weight and improves lipid metabolism. Furthermore, it appears to exert actions on the pancreatic β-cell, most notably increasing β-cell mass and upregulating genes associated with insulin production and β-cell regeneration, with relevance to type 2 diabetes. It is becoming evident that obestatin also exerts pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system, possibly modulating blood pressure, endothelial function and triggering cardioprotective mechanisms, which may be important in determining cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it seems that like other gut peptides obestatin has neuroprotective properties. This review examines the biochemical properties of the obestatin peptide (its structure, sequence, stability and distribution) and the candidate receptors through which it may act. It provides a balanced examination of the reported pancreatic and extrapancreatic actions of obestatin and evaluates its potential relevance with respect to diabetes therapy, together with discussion of direct evidence linking alterations in obestatin signalling with obesity/diabetes and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Green
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK.
| | - David J Grieve
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years, the role of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in energy homeostasis through modulation of the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and the production of incretin hormones is well recognized. RECENT FINDINGS Bariatric surgery for obesity has been a very effective method in substantially improving weight, and numerous studies have focused on intestinal adaptation after bariatric procedures. A number of structural and functional changes in the GI tract have been reported postsurgery, which could be responsible for the altered hormonal responses. Furthermore, the change in food absorption rate and the intestinal regions exposed to carbohydrates may affect blood glucose response. This review hopes to give new insights into the direct role of gut hormones, by summarising the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios K Dimitriadis
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
- Academic Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Manpal S Randeva
- Division of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Academic Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
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10
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Schinzari F, Veneziani A, Mores N, Barini A, Di Daniele N, Cardillo C, Tesauro M. Vascular Effects of Obestatin in Lean and Obese Subjects. Diabetes 2017; 66:1214-1221. [PMID: 28174289 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obese patients have impaired vasodilator reactivity and increased endothelin 1 (ET-1)-mediated vasoconstriction, two abnormalities contributing to vascular dysfunction. Obestatin, a product of the ghrelin gene, in addition to favorable effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, has shown nitric oxide (NO)-dependent vasodilator properties in experimental models. Given these premises, we compared the effects of exogenous obestatin on forearm flow in lean and obese subjects and assessed its influence on ET-1-dependent vasoconstrictor tone in obesity. In both lean and obese participants, infusion of escalating doses of obestatin resulted in a progressive increase in blood flow from baseline (both P < 0.001). This vasodilation was predominantly mediated by enhanced NO activity, because NG-monomethyl-l-arginine markedly blunted the flow response to obestatin in both groups (both P < 0.05 vs. saline). In obese subjects, antagonism of ETA receptors by BQ-123 increased forearm flow during saline (P < 0.001) but did not induce additional vasodilation (P > 0.05) during obestatin. Circulating obestatin levels were not different between lean and obese participants (P = 0.41). Our findings indicate that obestatin causes NO-dependent vasodilation in the human circulation. This effect is preserved in obesity, where it is accompanied by reduced ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction. These latter observations make obestatin a promising target for vascular prevention in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadia Mores
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Barini
- Department of Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Ibarra-Reynoso LDR, López-Lemus HL, Garay-Sevilla ME, Malacara JM. Effect of Restriction of Foods with High Fructose Corn Syrup Content on Metabolic Indices and Fatty Liver in Obese Children. Obes Facts 2017; 10:332-340. [PMID: 28787728 PMCID: PMC5644940 DOI: 10.1159/000476069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of restriction of foods with high fructose content in obese school children. METHODS In a clinical study, we selected 54 obese children 6 to 11 years old with high fructose consumption (>70 g/day) in order indicate dietary fructose restriction (<20 g/day) for 6 weeks. Anthropometry, liver ultrasound as well as glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, IGFBP1, and RBP4 serum levels were collected. RESULTS The group of children had 80% adherence and reported decreased fructose consumption (110 ± 38.6 to 11.4 ± 12.0 g/day) and also a significant decrease in caloric (2,384 ± 568 to 1,757 ± 387 kcal/day) and carbohydrate consumption (302 ± 80.4 to 203 ± 56.0 g/day). The severity of steatosis improved significantly after fructose restriction (p < 0.000001). However, no changes in BMI, systolic blood pressure, or diastolic blood pressure were found. Only triglyceride levels decreased (1.44 ± 0.43 to 1.31 ± 0.38 mmol/l), High-densitiy lipoprotein cholesterol showed a marginal increase (1.45 ± 0.19 to 1.56 ± 0.44 mmol/l). Insulin resistance and RBP4 did not change. CONCLUSIONS In school children, the restriction of high fructose foods with a decrease of caloric and carbohydrate intake at 6 weeks did not induce weight loss; however, triglyceride levels and hepatic steatosis decreased. Differences with other studies in regard to weight loss may be explained by adaptive changes on metabolic expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena del Rocio Ibarra-Reynoso
- *Lorena del Rocío Ibarra-Reynoso, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, 20 de Enero 929, 37320 León, Mexico,
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12
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Roche GC, Shanks S, Jackson RF, Holsey LJ. Low-Level Laser Therapy for Reducing the Hip, Waist, and Upper Abdomen Circumference of Individuals with Obesity. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 35:142-149. [PMID: 27935737 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for reducing hip, thigh, and abdomen circumference of individuals with body-mass index (BMI) between 30 and 40 kg/m2. BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of LLLT for reducing body circumference in the hips, thighs, and abdomen of nonobese individuals with a BMI <30 kg/m2. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind sham-controlled study, obese, but otherwise healthy, individuals were randomized to undergo 30-min LLLT (n = 28) or sham treatments (n = 25) three times weekly for 4 weeks. Body measurements were obtained after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment and 2 weeks post-treatment ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01821352). RESULTS After 4 weeks, 20 LLLT-treated subjects (71.43%) achieved ≥7.2 cm decrease in combined measurements versus three sham-treated subjects (12%; p < 0.00005). The mean (standard deviation) decrease in combined measurement for LLLT-treated subjects was 10.52 (7.59) cm (p < 0.0001 vs. baseline) versus 1.80 (3.20) cm for sham-treated subjects. Among subjects with a combined ≥7.2 cm decrease, the mean total decrease 2 weeks post-treatment was 15.21 cm. There were no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, the device was cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a noninvasive esthetic treatment for reduction of circumference of hips, waist, and upper abdomen when applied to individuals with a BMI between 30 and 40 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Roche
- 1 Bloomfield Laser and Cosmetic Surgery Center , Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
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13
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Tang X, Li J, Xiang W, Cui Y, Xie B, Wang X, Xu Z, Gan L. Metformin increases hepatic leptin receptor and decreases steatosis in mice. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:227-37. [PMID: 27288055 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the ascertained efficacy as antidiabetic drug, metformin is increasingly being used as weight-loss agent in obesity, and as insulin sensitizer in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggest metformin as leptin sensitizer to mediate the weight-loss effect in the brain. In this study, we investigated effects of metformin on expression of leptin receptors in liver and kidney in mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed with chow diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HF) for 5months. Afterward, mice were treated with metformin (50mg/kg or 200mg/kg) for 15days. Metabolic parameters and hepatic gene expression were analyzed at the end of the treatment. We also tested the effects of metformin on plasma-soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and assessed its effect on hepatosteatosis in mice. Results showed that metformin upregulates the expression of leptin receptors (OB-Ra, -Rb, -Rc, and -Rd) in liver but not kidney. The stimulation effect is dose-dependent in both chow and HF mice. Upregulation of OB-Rb, long signaling isoform, needs a relatively higher dose of metformin. This effect was paralleled by increased sOBR levels in mice and T2DM patients, and decreased hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and lipogenic gene expression, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1). Taken together, these data identify hepatic leptin receptor as target gene being upregulated by metformin which may enhance leptin sensitivity in liver to alleviate steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Department of Integrated MedicineXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Department of Integrated MedicineXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Integrated MedicineXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDaping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Institute of PathologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Department of Integrated MedicineXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixia Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Cowan E, Burch KJ, Green BD, Grieve DJ. Obestatin as a key regulator of metabolism and cardiovascular function with emerging therapeutic potential for diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2165-81. [PMID: 27111465 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obestatin is a 23-amino acid C-terminally amidated gastrointestinal peptide derived from preproghrelin and which forms an α helix. Although obestatin has a short biological half-life and is rapidly degraded, it is proposed to exert wide-ranging pathophysiological actions. Whilst the precise nature of many of its effects is unclear, accumulating evidence supports positive actions on both metabolism and cardiovascular function. For example, obestatin has been reported to inhibit food and water intake, body weight gain and gastrointestinal motility and also to mediate promotion of cell survival and prevention of apoptosis. Obestatin-induced increases in beta cell mass, enhanced adipogenesis and improved lipid metabolism have been noted along with up-regulation of genes associated with beta cell regeneration, insulin production and adipogenesis. Furthermore, human circulating obestatin levels generally demonstrate an inverse association with obesity and diabetes, whilst the peptide has been shown to confer protective metabolic effects in experimental diabetes, suggesting that it may hold therapeutic potential in this setting. Obestatin also appears to be involved in blood pressure regulation and to exert beneficial effects on endothelial function, with experimental studies indicating that it may also promote cardioprotective actions against, for example, ischaemia-reperfusion injury. This review will present a critical appraisal of the expanding obestatin research area and discuss the emerging therapeutic potential of this peptide for both metabolic and cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Cowan
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - Kerry J Burch
- Queen's University Belfast, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Brian D Green
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - David J Grieve
- Queen's University Belfast, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
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15
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Wroblewski E, Swidnicka-Siergiejko A, Hady HR, Luba M, Konopko M, Kurek K, Dadan J, Dabrowski A. Variation in blood levels of hormones in obese patients following weight reduction induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies. Cytokine 2015; 77:56-62. [PMID: 26539806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial clinical effects of weight reduction following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with weight reduction and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 obese patients and compared to non-obese healthy controls. RESULTS Obese patients had higher leptin levels and lower levels of adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, and ghrelin than non-obese controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in leptin levels and an increase in adiponectin levels to the levels observed in non-obese. At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of adiponectin and visfatin, but not omentin, were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and leptin levels. The percentage of total weight loss correlated positively with adiponectin levels and negatively with leptin levels. Patients with adequate weight loss had a significantly lower leptin concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION Our study supports observations that weight loss itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The leptin levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniusz Wroblewski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Hady Razak Hady
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Luba
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Konopko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Dadan
- 1st Clinical Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dabrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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16
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Costa Justus JF, Ligocki Campos AC, Figueroa ALC, Gomis R, Santo MA, Fávero GM, Milléo FQ, Vieira E. Early Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Circadian Rhythms of Adipokines in Morbidly Obese Women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 14:16-22. [PMID: 26509470 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circadian pattern of adipokines is blunted in obese subjects, and we tested the hypothesis that bariatric surgery could normalize the 24-hr pattern of adipokines. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the early impact of the newly designed sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition (SGTB) surgery on the circadian pattern of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin in morbidly obese subjects. METHODS The study group included six morbidly obese women [body mass index (BMI) 41.3 ± 1.53 kg/m(2)] who underwent SGTB and four lean women (BMI 18.61 ± 0.92 kg/m(2)). Blood from all subjects was collected before and 3 months after bariatric surgery every 6 hr throughout the 24-hr period. The circadian pattern of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or Luminex techniques. RESULTS Lean women exhibited rise of plasma leptin levels at nighttime, whereas obese women had an increase in the overall plasma leptin levels throughout the 24-hr period, lacking the physiological rise of nocturnal leptin levels compared to controls. Obese women had a decrease in 24-hr adiponectin levels and similar plasma resistin levels compared to controls. Three months after SGTB, obese women lost 16.0% (P < 0.005) of their initial body weight and had a decrease in overall 24-hr leptin levels. However, there was no recovery of the nocturnal rise in leptin levels 3 months after SGTB. The 24-hr adiponectin levels were still decreased after SGTB surgery compared to controls, while resistin levels were decreased only during night time after SGTB. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that SGTB is an efficient innovative procedure to rapidly decrease 24-hr leptin levels. However, after 3 months, SGTB was not enough to recover the physiological nocturnal rise of leptin levels present in lean subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramon Gomis
- 2 Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory , IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain .,3 CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Aurélio Santo
- 4 Hospital das Clinicas Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo-USP , Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovani Marino Fávero
- 5 Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa , Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Vieira
- 3 CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) , Madrid, Spain .,7 Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá/UEM , Maringá, Brazil
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17
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Siejka A, Jankiewicz-Wika J, Stępień H, Fryczak J, Świętosławski J, Komorowski J. Reduced plasma level of diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) in patients with morbid obesity. Endocrine 2015; 49:859-62. [PMID: 25561371 PMCID: PMC4512568 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siejka
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Sterlinga 3, 91-425 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Jankiewicz-Wika
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Sterlinga 3, 91-425 Lodz, Poland
| | - Henryk Stępień
- Department of Immunoendocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Sterlinga 3, 91-425, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Fryczak
- Department of Immunoendocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Sterlinga 3, 91-425, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Świętosławski
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Sterlinga 3, 91-425 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Sterlinga 3, 91-425 Lodz, Poland
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18
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The protective functions of omentin in cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:98-106. [PMID: 26079253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is considered as a large gland that can produce paracrine and endocrine hormones. Growing evidence suggests that adipocytes may link obesity to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Adipose tissue produces a large number of mediators, which affect metabolism, inflammation and coagulation. Omentin, a novel adipocytokine, has come into the center of interest due to its favorable effects on inflammation, glucose homeostasis and CVD. The present review provides a concise and general overview on the roles of omentin in CVD. The knowledge of these concepts may provide a new strategy to reduce disease risks on CVD in the future.
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19
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Herder C, Ouwens DM, Carstensen M, Kowall B, Huth C, Meisinger C, Rathmann W, Roden M, Thorand B. Adiponectin may mediate the association between omentin, circulating lipids and insulin sensitivity: results from the KORA F4 study. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:423-32. [PMID: 25733068 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced circulating omentin levels have been reported in obesity and type 2 diabetes, but data were mostly derived from univariate analyses in small study samples. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between omentin, abnormal glucose tolerance and related metabolic factors in a large population-based cross-sectional study. DESIGN AND METHODS Serum omentin was measured by ELISA in 1092 participants of the German KORA F4 survey (2006-2008). Associations between omentin serum levels, glucose tolerance (assessed with an oral glucose tolerance test) and diabetes-related factors were estimated using logistic and linear regression models respectively. RESULTS Serum levels of omentin were not related to categories of glucose tolerance. However, serum omentin was positively associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI (composite)) and HDL cholesterol and showed inverse associations with 2-h post-load glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, BMI and triglycerides (all P≤0.03 after adjustment for age, sex and lifestyle factors). Further adjustment for BMI and/or serum lipids attenuated the associations with parameters of glucose metabolism, whereas adjustment for serum adiponectin virtually abolished all aforementioned associations. In contrast, adjustment for omentin had no effect on the positive association between adiponectin levels and ISI (composite). CONCLUSIONS The data from this large population-based cohort show that circulating omentin levels are associated with insulin sensitivity. Our observations further suggest that omentin acts via upregulation of adiponectin, which in turn affects lipid metabolism and thereby also indirectly enhances insulin sensitivity, but mechanistic studies are required to corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
| | - D Margriet Ouwens
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
| | - Maren Carstensen
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
| | - Bernd Kowall
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Neuherberg, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, GermanyDepartment of Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Institute for Clinical DiabetologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)Partner Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Clinical Biochemistry and PathobiochemistryGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of EndocrinologyGhent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyGerman Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyInstitute of Epidemiology IIHelmholtz Z
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Quante M, Dietrich A, ElKhal A, Tullius SG. Obesity-related immune responses and their impact on surgical outcomes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:877-83. [PMID: 25697667 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic represents a critical disease burden with broad clinical consequences. At the same time, obesity has been linked to inferior surgical outcomes and considered a contraindication for some elective surgical procedures. A growing body of mechanistic evidence has accumulated linking obesity to changes of metabolism and immune responses. This concept provides an integrated inflammatory network based on the perception of obesity as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. With a more detailed understanding of this dynamic network and mechanistic insights, novel treatment and management strategies may be developed with the goal to optimize surgical outcomes in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Quante
- 1] Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] IFB Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany [3] Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Dietrich
- 1] IFB Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany [2] Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A ElKhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass alter the gut-brain communication. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:601985. [PMID: 25722893 PMCID: PMC4333325 DOI: 10.1155/2015/601985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anatomical integrity of vagal innervation of the gastrointestinal tract following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) operations. The retrograde tracer fast blue (FB) was injected into the stomach to label vagal neurons originating from nodose ganglion (NG) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). Microglia activation was determined by quantifying changes in the fluorescent staining of hindbrain sections against an ionizing calcium adapter binding molecule 1 (Iba1). Reorganization of vagal afferents in the hindbrain was studied by fluorescent staining against isolectin 4 (IB4). The density of Iba1- and IB4-immunoreactivity was analyzed using Nikon Elements software. There was no difference in the number of FB-labeled neurons located in NG and DMV between VSG and VSG-sham rats. RYGB, but not RYGB-sham rats, showed a dramatic reduction in number of FB-labeled neurons located in the NG and DMV. VSG increased, while the RYGB operation decreased, the density of vagal afferents in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). The RYGB operation, but not the VSG procedure, significantly activated microglia in the NTS and DMV. Results of this study show that the RYGB, but not the VSG procedure, triggers microglia activation in vagal structures and remodels gut-brain communication.
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Bétry C, Challan-Belval MA, Bernard A, Charrié A, Drai J, Laville M, Thivolet C, Disse E. Increased TSH in obesity: Evidence for a BMI-independent association with leptin. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2014; 41:248-51. [PMID: 25541439 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine whether the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and body mass index (BMI) is related to leptin concentration in obese individuals. METHODS Plasma TSH and leptin assays were performed in 800 consecutive patients, hospitalized for a nutritional checkup, with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2). Various anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters, including age, weight, BMI, insulin, leptin and TSH, were measured or calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify any significant relationships between these parameters. Also, characteristics of the patients in the lowest and highest quartiles of TSH distribution were compared. RESULTS TSH was positively correlated with both BMI and leptin. When multiple regression analysis was performed, TSH and leptin maintained a significant association independent of BMI. Patients in the fourth quartile of TSH distribution displayed higher BMI and higher leptin levels in comparison to the first quartile. CONCLUSION Our study has confirmed an increase in TSH in conjunction with BMI in obese subjects. This increase was correlated with leptin independently of BMI. It is hypothesized that the increase in TSH observed in obese subjects was the consequence of both fat mass accumulation and a positive energy-balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bétry
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Specialized and Integrated Center for Obesity Management, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - M A Challan-Belval
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Specialized and Integrated Center for Obesity Management, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - A Bernard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Specialized and Integrated Center for Obesity Management, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - A Charrié
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France; Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Unité INSERM 1060, laboratoire CARMEN, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - J Drai
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France; Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Unité INSERM 1060, laboratoire CARMEN, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - M Laville
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Specialized and Integrated Center for Obesity Management, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France; Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Unité INSERM 1060, laboratoire CARMEN, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - C Thivolet
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Specialized and Integrated Center for Obesity Management, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France; Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Unité INSERM 1060, laboratoire CARMEN, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - E Disse
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Specialized and Integrated Center for Obesity Management, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France; Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé (CENS), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Unité INSERM 1060, laboratoire CARMEN, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69530 Pierre-Bénite, France.
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Katsi V, Vamvakou G, Lekakis J, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C, Makris T, Kallikazaros I. Omentin, Fat and Heart: Classical Music with New Instruments. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:802-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Obesity, inflammation, and lung injury (OILI): the good. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:978463. [PMID: 24899788 PMCID: PMC4037577 DOI: 10.1155/2014/978463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity becomes pandemic, predisposing these individuals to great risk for lung injury. In this review, we focused on the anti-inflammatories and addressed the following aspects: adipocytokines and obesity, inflammation and other mechanisms, adipocytokines and lung injury in obesity bridged by inflammation, and potential therapeutic targets. To sum up, the majority of evidence supported that adiponectin, omentin, and secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) were reduced significantly in obesity, which is associated with increased inflammation, indicated by increase of TNFα and IL-6, through activation of toll-like receptor (TLR4) and nuclear factor light chain κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Administration of these adipocytokines promotes weight loss and reduces inflammation. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), vaspin, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1), and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) are also regarded as anti-inflammatories. There were controversial reports. Furthermore, there is a huge lack of studies for obesity related lung injury. The effects of adiponectin on lung transplantation, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and pneumonia were anti-inflammatory and protective in lung injury. Administration of IL-10 agonist reduces mortality of acute lung injury in rabbits with acute necrotizing pancreatitis, possibly through inhibiting proinflammation and strengthening host immunity. Very limited information is available for other adipocytokines.
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