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Rocco JM, York Z, Shen C, Shiboski C, Cyriaque-Webster J, McLaughlin J, Borowski L, Chen H, Aberg JA, Dittmer DP, Ghannoum M, Rinaldo CR, Macatangay B. Oral Cytokine Levels Are More Linked to Levels of Plasma and Oral HIV-1 RNA Than to CD4 + T-Cell Counts in People With HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa047. [PMID: 32158775 PMCID: PMC7051037 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We determined the levels of 11 soluble immune mediators in oral washings of AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5254 participants with varying degrees of plasma viremia and CD4 T-cell counts to characterize the mucosal immune response at different stages of HIV-1 infection. Methods A5254 was a multicenter, cross-sectional study in people with HIV (PWH) recruited into 4 strata based on CD4 count and levels of plasma viremia: stratum (St) A: CD4 ≤200 cells/mm3, HIV-1 RNA (viral load [VL]) >1000 cps/mL; St B: CD4 ≤200, VL ≤1000; St C: CD4 >200, VL >1000; St D: CD4 >200, VL ≤1000. Oral/throat washings were obtained from all participants. Soluble markers were tested in oral/throat washings using a multibead fluorescent platform and were compared across strata. Linear regression was used to determine the associations between cytokines and HIV-1 in plasma and oral fluid. Results St A participants had higher levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) compared with St B and D (P = .02; P < .0001) but were not different from St C. IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 were elevated in St A compared with the other 3 strata (P = .046; P < .0001). Linear regression demonstrated that oral HIV-1 levels were associated with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα production (R > .40; P < .001) when controlling for CD4 count and opportunistic infections. Conclusions Our results show that high levels of oral HIV-1, rather than low CD4 counts, were linked to the production of oral immune mediators. Participants with AIDS and uncontrolled viremia demonstrated higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory soluble immune mediators compared with participants with lower HIV-1 RNA. The interplay of HIV-1 and these immune mediators could be important in the oral health of PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary York
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chengli Shen
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline Shiboski
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Huichao Chen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Judith A Aberg
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Fonseca RRDS, Alves ACBA, Amanajás TDA, Nogueira BML, Menezes TODA, Siravenha LQ, Pereira DLA, Machado LFA, Gilet LCDS, Menezes SAFD. Absence of cytomegalovirus in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in HIV-1 patients in Northern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 51:809-812. [PMID: 30517535 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0080-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the progression of chronic periodontitis in HIV patients is poorly investigated. METHODS ELISA was used for anti-CMV antibody IgG titer measurements and real-time polymerase chain reaction for qualitative and quantitative CMV detection. Data on the CD4 + T lymphocyte count and plasma HIV viral load were obtained from patient records. RESULTS CMV DNA was detected in samples of subgingival biofilm in only three individuals, two of them with chronic periodontitis (4%) and one with gingivitis (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMV is very low both in HIV-1 patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Quintão Siravenha
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | | | - Luciana Campêlo da Silva Gilet
- Departamento de Odontologia, Centro Especializado de Referência de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Nobre ÁVV, Pólvora TLS, Silva LRM, Teles VDO, Villafuerte KV, da Motta RJG, Fortes JHP, Silva GA, Ranieri ALP, de Macedo LD, Morejon KML, da Fonseca BAL, Tirapelli C, Saraiva MCP, Taba M, Lourenço AG, Motta ACF. Effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and immunological profile and oral colonization of Candida spp in HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol 2018; 90:167-176. [PMID: 30118537 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a chronic controllable disease. For this reason, chronic conditions related to both HIV infection and senescence, such as chronic periodontitis (CP) need to be studied. This study investigated the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on clinical and immunological features of CP, and on oral colonization by Candida spp. in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected individuals. METHODS HIV-infected (test group) and non-HIV-infected (control group) adults patients with CP were selected. Gingival bleeding index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), number of teeth, CD4+ T lymphocytes and viral load (only for HIV-infected individuals), salivary cytokines (interleukin, [IL]-6, IL-8, and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), and oral Candida infection (colony forming units and species) were assessed at baseline, and 30 and 90 days after NSPT. RESULTS Twenty-two HIV-infected patients and 20 non-HIV-infected patients were evaluated. Candida counts and salivary IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a levels were higher in the test group than in the control group. Both groups showed a decrease in oral Candida counts, GI, PD, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as gain in CAL at 30 and 90 days after NSPT. In addition, patients in the test group showed an increase of CD4+ T lymphocytes and a decrease of viral load. CONCLUSION NSPT had a beneficial impact on clinical and immunological parameters of CP, reduction of oral Candida counts, and improvement of HIV-infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Átila V V Nobre
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tábata L S Pólvora
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia R M Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de O Teles
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Vargas Villafuerte
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael J G da Motta
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João H P Fortes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilberto A Silva
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura P Ranieri
- Divison of Dentistry and Stomatology of the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro D de Macedo
- Divison of Dentistry and Stomatology of the Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen M L Morejon
- Department of Medical Clinic of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito A L da Fonseca
- Department of Medical Clinic of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Tirapelli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C P Saraiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mário Taba
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan G Lourenço
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina F Motta
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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