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Jing Q, Liu X, Lv Z, Xue D. IL27 and IL1RN are causally associated with acute pancreatitis: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8572-8584. [PMID: 38742942 PMCID: PMC11164491 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin (IL) plays a role in the development of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the specific IL in AP has not been fully revealed. Therefore, the association between prospective IL and AP was studied via Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS The HUGO Gene nomenclature committee (HGNC) database provided 47 interleukin related genes (ILRGs). ILRGs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from GSE194331 were overlapped to create differently expressed ILRGs (DE-ILRGs). The integrative epidemiology unit (IEU) open genome-wide association study (GWAS) database provided exposure and outcome datasets. Univariate MR (UVMR) analysis using MR-Egger, IVW, simple mode, and weighted mode was done. UVMR results were verified using sensitivity analysis. Drug prediction, MVMR analysis, and PPI network development were also performed. RESULTS Six DE-ILRGs were obtained. IL27 and IL1RN were substantially causally linked with AP by UVMR analysis (OR = 0.926, P < 0.001 and OR = 1.031, P = 0.023). Our sensitivity analysis showed the dependability of our results. Direct effect of IL27 was suggested by MVMR analysis. In the cytokine receptor binding pathway, IL27 and IL1RN interacted with IL36G and IL1R2. TAE-684, ARQ-680, and 12 other IL1RN and 14 IL27 medications were predicted. CONCLUSIONS IL1RN was identified as a risk factor for acute pancreatitis (AP), but IL27 was found to be a protective factor for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Jing
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical, University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuxu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical, University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhenyi Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical, University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical, University, Harbin 150001, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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2
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Sun L, Zheng M, Gao Y, Brigstock DR, Gao R. Retinoic acid signaling pathway in pancreatic stellate cells: Insight into the anti-fibrotic effect and mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176374. [PMID: 38309676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated following loss of cytoplasmic vitamin A (retinol)-containing lipid droplets, which is a key event in the process of fibrogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDCA). PSCs are the major source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that produce stroma to induce PDAC cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. As an active metabolite of retinol, retinoic acid (RA) can regulate target gene expression in PSCs through its nuclear receptor complex (RAR/RXR or RXR/RXR) or transcriptional intermediary factor. Additionally, RA also has extranuclear and non-transcriptional effects. In vitro studies have shown that RA induces PSC deactivation which reduces extracellular matrix production through multiple modes of action, such as inhibiting TβRⅡ, PDGFRβ, β-catenin and Wnt production, downregulating ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation and suppressing active TGF-β1 release. RA alone or in combination with other reagents have been demonstrated to have an effective anti-fibrotic effect on cerulein-induced mouse CP models in vivo studies. Clinical trial data have shown that repurposing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a stromal-targeting agent for human pancreatic cancer is safe and tolerable, suggesting the possibility of using RA for the treatment of CP and PDCA in humans. This review focuses on RA signaling pathways in PSCs and the effects and mechanisms of RA in PSC-mediated fibrogenesis as well as the anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor effects of RA targeting PSCs or CAFs in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the potential therapies of RA against CP and PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meifang Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - David R Brigstock
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Runping Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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3
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Zhu Y, Yang M, Xu W, Zhang Y, Pan L, Wang L, Wang F, Lu Y. The collagen matrix regulates the survival and function of pancreatic islets. Endocrine 2024; 83:537-547. [PMID: 37999835 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an appropriate microenvironment for many kinds of cells, including pancreatic cells. Collagens are the most abundant components of the ECM. Type I, IV, V and VI collagen has been detected in pancreatic islets, and each type plays important role in the proliferation, survival, function and differentiation of pancreatic cells. In some cases, collagens show behaviours similar to those of growth factors and regulate the biological behaviour of β cells by binding with certain growth factors, including IGFs, EGFs and FGFs. The transcriptional coactivator YAP/TAZ has been widely recognised as a mechanosensor that senses changes in the physical characteristics of the ECM and inhibition of YAP/TAZ enhances insulin production and secretion. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the destruction of insulin-producing β cells. The crosstalk between collagens and immune cells plays a key role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. Further, Supplementation with collagens during islet transplantation is a promising strategy for improving the quality of the islets. But, excessive collagen deposition results in pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma. Targeting inhibit Piezo, autophagy or IL-6 may reduce excessive collagen deposition-induced pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma. This review provides insights into the treatment of T1DM to prolong life expectancy and provides the potential targets for treating collagen deposition-induced pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Wanli Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Pan
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Furong Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China.
| | - Yanting Lu
- Traditional Chinese Medical college, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China.
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4
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Poulsen VV, Hadi A, Werge MP, Karstensen JG, Novovic S. Circulating Biomarkers Involved in the Development of and Progression to Chronic Pancreatitis-A Literature Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38397476 PMCID: PMC10887223 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is the end-stage of continuous inflammation and fibrosis in the pancreas evolving from acute- to recurrent acute-, early, and, finally, end-stage CP. Currently, prevention is the only way to reduce disease burden. In this setting, early detection is of great importance. Due to the anatomy and risks associated with direct sampling from pancreatic tissue, most of our information on the human pancreas arises from circulating biomarkers thought to be involved in pancreatic pathophysiology or injury. The present review provides the status of circulating biomarkers involved in the development of and progression to CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valborg Vang Poulsen
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Amer Hadi
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - Mikkel Parsberg Werge
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
| | - John Gásdal Karstensen
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Srdan Novovic
- Pancreatitis Center East, Gastrounit, Copenhagen University Hospital—Amager and Hvidovre, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.V.P.); (A.H.); (M.P.W.); (J.G.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2000 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Kong F, Pan Y, Wu D. Activation and Regulation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Chronic Pancreatic Fibrosis: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Chronic Pancreatitis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:108. [PMID: 38255213 PMCID: PMC10813475 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the complex progression of fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) emerge as central figures. These cells, initially in a dormant state characterized by the storage of vitamin A lipid droplets within the chronic pancreatitis microenvironment, undergo a profound transformation into an activated state, typified by the secretion of an abundant extracellular matrix, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). This review delves into the myriad factors that trigger PSC activation within the context of chronic pancreatitis. These factors encompass alcohol, cigarette smoke, hyperglycemia, mechanical stress, acinar cell injury, and inflammatory cells, with a focus on elucidating their underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we explore the regulatory factors that play significant roles during PSC activation, such as TGF-β, CTGF, IL-10, PDGF, among others. The investigation into these regulatory factors and pathways involved in PSC activation holds promise in identifying potential therapeutic targets for ameliorating fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis. We provide a summary of recent research findings pertaining to the modulation of PSC activation, covering essential genes and innovative regulatory mediators designed to counteract PSC activation. We anticipate that this research will stimulate further insights into PSC activation and the mechanisms of pancreatic fibrosis, ultimately leading to the discovery of groundbreaking therapies targeting cellular and molecular responses within these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyi Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yingyu Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (F.K.); (Y.P.)
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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6
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Huang BW, Wang PY, Hu LH. Transcriptional regulation of pancreatic stellate cell activation in chronic pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:877-881. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i21.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is an important feature in the occurrence and development of chronic pancreatitis (CP), and activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play an important role in the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. In recent years, more and more signaling pathways related to pancreatic fibrosis have been found. These signaling pathways regulate the activation of pancreatic stellate cells through transcription factors, thereby affecting pancreatic fibrosis and the progression of CP. This article reviews the progress in the research of the signaling pathways and related transcription factors involved in PSC activation in pancreatic fibrosis, hoping to provide ideas for further understanding the mechanism and therapeutic targets of pancreatic fibrosis in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 981st Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Liang-Hao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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Zheng M, Li H, Gao Y, Brigstock DR, Gao R. Vitamin D 3 analogue calcipotriol inhibits the profibrotic effects of transforming growth factor- β1 on pancreatic stellate cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 957:176000. [PMID: 37604222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inhibitory effect of vitamin D3 analogue calcipotriol (Cal) on the fibrosis of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) induced by TGF-β1 and the rationality of Cal use in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP). MATERIAL AND METHODS Double-labeling immunofluorescence was used for the identification of VDR+PSCs in the pancreas of healthy controls (HC) and ACP patients. Van Gieson staining for examination of collagen fibers. RT-qPCR and Western Blot for determining the mRNAs and proteins of VDR, TGF-β1 and COL1A1 in the pancreas of ACP or in vitro PSCs. ELISA or LC-MS/MS for detection of serum TGF-β1 and COL1A1 or 25(OH)D3. The PSC line (RP-2 cell) was used for the determination of proteomic alterations in Cal plus TGF-β1 versus TGF-β1 and to examine the effect of VDR gene knockdown. RESULTS Enhanced expression of VDR was detected in RP-2 cells stimulated with alcohol (ALC) plus Cal versus Cal alone and in PSCs in the pancreas of ACP versus HC. The increased VDR+PSCs were positively correlated with the levels of COL1A1 mRNAs or areas of collagen deposition in the pancreas of ACP. TGF-β1 was overexpressed in the pancreas of ACP and ALC-treated RP-2 cells while 25(OH)D3 level in serum was significantly decreased in ACP versus HC. Through a VDR-dependent mechanism, Cal antagonized 16 profibrotic proteins in TGF-β1-induced RP-2 cells that included 7 extracellular matrix components, 2 cytoskeletal proteins, 2 fibrosis-associated factors (RUNX1 and TRAF2), TIMP-1, CCN1, integrin α11, an adhesion scaffold protein (TGFB1i1) and an enzyme mediating TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis (ENPP1). CONCLUSION This study suggests that Cal administration may be a potential antifibrotic strategy via inhibiting TGF-β1-mediated PSC action during the development of ACP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - David R Brigstock
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Runping Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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8
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Chang M, Chen W, Xia R, Peng Y, Niu P, Fan H. Pancreatic Stellate Cells and the Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Pancreatitis. Molecules 2023; 28:5586. [PMID: 37513458 PMCID: PMC10383437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease characterized by inflammatory recurrence that accompanies the development of pancreatic fibrosis. As the mystery of CP pathogenesis is gradually revealed, accumulating evidence suggests that the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and the appearance of a myofibroblast-like phenotype are the key gatekeepers in the development of CP. Targeting PSCs to prevent their activation and conversion to a myofibroblast-like phenotype, as well as increasing antioxidant capacity to counteract ongoing oxidative stress, are effective strategies for preventing or treating CP. Therefore, we reviewed the crosstalk between CP and pancreatic fibrosis, summarized the activation mechanisms of PSCs, and investigated potential CP therapeutic strategies targeting PSCs, including, but not limited to, anti-fibrosis therapy, antioxidant therapy, and gene therapy. Meanwhile, the above therapeutic strategies are selected in order to update the available phytopharmaceuticals as novel complementary or alternative approaches for the prevention and treatment of CP to clarify their potential mechanisms of action and their relevant molecular targets, aiming to provide the most comprehensive therapeutic treatment direction for CP and to bring new hope to CP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruting Xia
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yangyue Peng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pandi Niu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yang JL, Lin WL, Tai SB, Ciou YS, Chung CL, Chen JJ, Liu PF, Lin MW, Chen CL. Suppression of TGFβ-Induced Interleukin-6 Secretion by Sinulariolide from Soft Corals through Attenuation of the p38-NF-kB Pathway in Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11656. [PMID: 37511415 PMCID: PMC10380600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinulariolide (SC-1) is a natural product extracted from the cultured-type soft coral Sinularia flexibilis and possesses anti-inflammation, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory in several types of cancer cells. However, the molecular pathway behind its effects on inflammation remains poorly understood. Since inflammatory cytokines such as TGFβ, TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 activate transcription factors such as Smads, NF-κB, STAT3, Snail, Twist, and Zeb that drive the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in this study, we focus on the investigation in effects of SC-1 on TGFβ-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) releases in an in vitro cell culture model. We showed that both intracellular IL-6 expression and secretion were stimulated by TGFβ and associated with strong upregulation of IL-6 mRNA and increased transcription in A549 cells. SC-1 blocked TGFβ-induced secretion of IL-6 while showing no effect on the induction of fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 genes, indicating that SC-1 interferes with only a subset of TGFβ activities. In addition, SC-1 inhibits TGFβ-induced IL-6 by suppressing p38 MAPK signaling and subsequently inhibits NF-κB and its nuclear translocation without affecting the canonical Smad pathway and receptor turnover. Overall, these data suggest that p38 may involve in the inhibition of SC-1 in IL-6 release, thus illustrating an inhibitory effect for SC-1 in the suppression of inflammation, EMT phenotype, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Weng-Ling Lin
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ban Tai
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Siang Ciou
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
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10
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Zhirong Z, Li H, Yi L, Lichen Z, Ruiwu D. Ferroptosis in pancreatic diseases: potential opportunities and challenges that require attention. Hum Cell 2023:10.1007/s13577-023-00894-7. [PMID: 36929283 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00894-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an abdominal organ with both endocrine and exocrine functions, and patients with pancreatic diseases suffer tremendously. The regulated cell death of various cells in the pancreas is thought to play a key role in disease development. As one of the newly discovered regulated cell death modalities, ferroptosis has the potential for therapeutic applications in the study of multiple diseases. Ferroptosis has been observed in several pancreatic diseases, but its role in pancreatic diseases has not been systematically elucidated or reviewed. Understanding the occurrence of ferroptosis in various pancreatic diseases after damage to the different cell types is crucial in determining disease progression, evaluating targeted therapies, and predicting disease prognosis. Herein, we summarize the research progress associated with ferroptosis in four common pancreatic diseases, namely acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the elucidation of ferroptosis in rare pancreatic diseases may provide sociological benefits in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhirong
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Li
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu Yi
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Zhou Lichen
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China.,Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dai Ruiwu
- General Surgery Center, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, No. 270, Rongdu Rd, Jinniu District, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China. .,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China. .,Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Almanzar VMD, Shah K, LaComb JF, Mojumdar A, Patel HR, Cheung J, Tang M, Ju J, Bialkowska AB. 5-FU-miR-15a Inhibits Activation of Pancreatic Stellate Cells by Reducing YAP1 and BCL-2 Levels In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3954. [PMID: 36835366 PMCID: PMC9961454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis, processes heightened by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Recent publications have demonstrated that miR-15a, which targets YAP1 and BCL-2, is significantly downregulated in patients with chronic pancreatitis compared to healthy controls. We have utilized a miRNA modification strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of miR-15a by replacing uracil with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We demonstrated increased levels of YAP1 and BCL-2 (both targets of miR-15a) in pancreatic tissues obtained from Ptf1aCreERTM and Ptf1aCreERTM;LSL-KrasG12D mice after chronic pancreatitis induction as compared to controls. In vitro studies showed that delivery of 5-FU-miR-15a significantly decreased viability, proliferation, and migration of PSCs over six days compared to 5-FU, TGFβ1, control miR, and miR-15a. In addition, treatment of PSCs with 5-FU-miR-15a in the context of TGFβ1 treatment exerted a more substantial effect than TGFβ1 alone or when combined with other miRs. Conditioned medium obtained from PSC cells treated with 5-FU-miR-15a significantly inhibits the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells compared to controls. Importantly, we demonstrated that treatment with 5-FU-miR-15a reduced the levels of YAP1 and BCL-2 observed in PSCs. Our results strongly suggest that ectopic delivery of miR mimetics is a promising therapeutic approach for pancreatic fibrosis and that 5-FU-miR-15a shows specific promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M. Diaz Almanzar
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kunal Shah
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joseph F. LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Aisharja Mojumdar
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Hetvi R. Patel
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jacky Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Meiyi Tang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jingfang Ju
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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12
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microRNAs Associated with Gemcitabine Resistance via EMT, TME, and Drug Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041230. [PMID: 36831572 PMCID: PMC9953943 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, pancreatic cancer remains a lethal disease with an extremely poor prognosis. The difficulty in early detection and chemoresistance to therapeutic agents are major clinical concerns. To improve prognosis, novel biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies for chemoresistance are urgently needed. microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development, progression, and metastasis of several cancers. During the last few decades, the association between pancreatic cancer and miRNAs has been extensively elucidated, with several miRNAs found to be correlated with patient prognosis. Moreover, recent evidence has revealed that miRNAs are intimately involved in gemcitabine sensitivity and resistance through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the tumor microenvironment, and drug metabolism. Gemcitabine is the gold standard drug for pancreatic cancer treatment, but gemcitabine resistance develops easily after chemotherapy initiation. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the gemcitabine resistance mechanisms associated with aberrantly expressed miRNAs in pancreatic cancer, especially focusing on the mechanisms associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the tumor microenvironment, and metabolism. This novel evidence of gemcitabine resistance will drive further research to elucidate the mechanisms of chemoresistance and improve patient outcomes.
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Trampuž SR, van Riet S, Nordling Å, Ingelman-Sundberg M. The Role of CTGF in Liver Fibrosis Induced in 3D Human Liver Spheroids. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020302. [PMID: 36672237 PMCID: PMC9857203 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Elevated levels of CTGF can be found in plasma from patients with liver fibrosis and in experimental animal models of liver fibrosis, but the exact role of CTGF in, e.g., diet-induced human liver fibrosis is not entirely known. To address this question, we utilized a 3D human liver co-culture spheroid model composed of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells, in which fibrosis is induced by TGF-β1, CTGF or free fatty acids (FFA). Treatment of the spheroids with TGF-β1 or FFA increased COL1A1 deposition as well as the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF. Recombinant CTGF, as well as angiotensin II, caused increased expression and/or production of CTGF, TGF-β1, COL1A1, LOX, and IL-6. In addition, silencing of CTGF reduced both TGF-β1- and FFA-induced COL1A1 deposition. Furthermore, we found that IL-6 induced CTGF, COL1A1 and TGF-β1 production, suggesting that IL-6 is a mediator in the pathway of CTGF-induced fibrosis. Taken together, our data indicate a specific role for CTGF and CTGF downstream signaling pathways for the development of liver inflammation and fibrosis in the human 3D liver spheroid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek Trampuž
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sander van Riet
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Nordling
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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14
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Dasgupta T, Manickam V. Fibrosis in Liver and Pancreas: a Review on Pathogenic Significance, Diagnostic Options, and Current Management Strategies. Inflammation 2023; 46:824-834. [PMID: 36595108 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the most natural ways of the body's biological response against invading foreign pathogens or injured cells which eventually can lead to a chronic or acute productive response. Fibrosis is an end-stage event associated with an inflammatory response addressed with tissue hardening, discoloration, and most importantly overgrowth of associated tissue. Various organs at different diseased conditions are affected by fibrosis including the liver, pancreas, brain, kidney, and lung. Etiological factors including internal like inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and oxidative stress and external like alcohol and viruses contribute to the development of fibrosis in both the liver and pancreas. More frequently, these organs are associated with pathogenic progression towards fibrosis from acute and chronic conditions and eventually fail in their functions. The pathogenesis of the organ-fibrotic events mainly depends on the activation of residential stellate cells; these cells help to accumulate collagen in respective organs. Various diagnostic options have been developed recently, and various therapeutic options are in trial to tackle fibrosis. In this review, an overview on fibrosis, the pathogenesis of fibrosis in the liver and pancreas, various diagnostic options developed in recent years, and possible present therapeutic measures to overcome options of fibrosis in the liver and pancreas; thus, restoring the functional status of organs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiasha Dasgupta
- Department of Bio Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatraman Manickam
- Department of Bio Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Li X, Zhou J, Wang X, Li C, Ma Z, Wan Q, Peng F. Pancreatic cancer and fibrosis: Targeting metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152312. [PMID: 37033960 PMCID: PMC10073477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most dangerous types of cancer today, notable for its low survival rate and fibrosis. Deciphering the cellular composition and intercellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a necessary prerequisite to combat pancreatic cancer with precision. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as major producers of extracellular matrix (ECM), play a key role in tumor progression. CAFs display significant heterogeneity and perform different roles in tumor progression. Tumor cells turn CAFs into their slaves by inducing their metabolic dysregulation, exacerbating fibrosis to acquire drug resistance and immune evasion. This article reviews the impact of metabolic reprogramming, effect of obesity and cellular crosstalk of CAFs and tumor cells on fibrosis and describes relevant therapies targeting the metabolic reprogramming.
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16
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Xiang H, Yu H, Zhou Q, Wu Y, Ren J, Zhao Z, Tao X, Dong D. Macrophages: A rising star in immunotherapy for chronic pancreatitis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Wu Y, Zhang C, Guo M, Hu W, Qiu Y, Li M, Xu D, Wu P, Sun J, Shi R, Zhang Z, Jiang K. Targeting pancreatic stellate cells in chronic pancreatitis: Focus on therapeutic drugs and natural compounds. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1042651. [PMID: 36339568 PMCID: PMC9627273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1042651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a precancerous illness linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), although the evolutionary mechanism is uncertain. CP is distinguished by severe fibrosis caused by the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The current clinical therapeutic protocol for CP lacks specific therapeutic medicines for the prevention and suppression of inflammation and fibrosis aggravating in CP. More research on specifically targeting PSCs would help facilitate the development of novel therapies for pancreatic fibrosis. Notably, using natural compounds from medicinal plants as new antifibrotic agents has become a focus of recent research and is widely employed as an alternative and complementary approach. Our goal was to shed light on the role of PSCs in the development of CP and provide a focused update on the new potential therapeutic strategies against PSCs in CP models. Future studies can refer to these possible strategies for drug design, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and other issues to obtain better clinical outcomes for treating CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weikang Hu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangling Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengran Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Run Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Zhang, ; Kuirong Jiang,
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zili Zhang, ; Kuirong Jiang,
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18
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Zheng M, Gao R. Vitamin D: A Potential Star for Treating Chronic Pancreatitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902639. [PMID: 35734414 PMCID: PMC9207250 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disease of the pancreas. The incidence of CP is increasing worldwide but the effective therapies are lacking. Hence, it is necessary to identify economical and effective agents for the treatment of CP patients. Vitamin D (VD) and its analogues have been confirmed as pleiotropic regulators of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and autophagy. Clinical studies show that VD deficiency is prevalent in CP patients. However, the correlation between VD level and the risk of CP remains controversial. VD and its analogues have been demonstrated to inhibit pancreatic fibrosis by suppressing the activation of pancreatic stellate cells and the production of extracellular matrix. Limited clinical trials have shown that the supplement of VD can improve VD deficiency in patients with CP, suggesting a potential therapeutic value of VD in CP. However, the mechanisms by which VD and its analogues inhibit pancreatic fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. We are reviewing the current literature concerning the risk factors for developing CP, prevalence of VD deficiency in CP, mechanisms of VD action in PSC-mediated fibrogenesis during the development of CP and potential therapeutic applications of VD and its analogues in the treatment of CP.
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Swain SM, Romac JMJ, Vigna SR, Liddle RA. Piezo1-mediated stellate cell activation causes pressure-induced pancreatic fibrosis in mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158288. [PMID: 35451372 PMCID: PMC9089793 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis is a complication of chronic pancreatitis and is a prominent feature of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic fibrosis is commonly observed in patients with prolonged pancreatic duct obstruction, which elevates intrapancreatic pressure. We show here that increased pancreatic duct pressure causes fibrosis and describes the mechanism by which pressure increases deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and fibrosis. We found that pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the source of the extracellular matrix proteins in fibrosis, express the mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1. By increasing intracellular calcium, mechanical stress or the Piezo1 agonist Yoda1-activated PSCs manifest by loss of perinuclear fat droplets and increased TGF-β1, fibronectin, and type I collagen expression. These effects were blocked by the Piezo1 inhibitor GsMTx4 and absent in PSCs from mice with conditional genetic deletion of Piezo1 in stellate cells, as was pancreatic duct ligation-induced fibrosis. Although TRPV4 has been proposed to have direct mechanosensing properties, we discovered that PSCs from Trpv4-KO mice were protected against Yoda1-triggered activation. Moreover, mice devoid of TRPV4 were protected from pancreatic duct ligation-induced fibrosis. Thus, high pressure within the pancreas stimulates Piezo1 channel opening, and subsequent activation of TRPV4 leads to stellate cell activation and pressure-induced chronic pancreatitis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip M Swain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joelle M-J Romac
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Vigna
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodger A Liddle
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Therapeutic Potential of Combining IL-6 and TNF Blockade in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073521. [PMID: 35408882 PMCID: PMC8998171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined anti-cytokine therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for uncontrolled steroid-resistant asthma. In this regard, simultaneous blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling by Dupilumab (anti-IL-4Ra monoclonal antibody) was recently approved for severe eosinophilic asthma. However, no therapeutic options for neutrophilic asthma are currently available. Recent advances in our understanding of asthma pathogenesis suggest that both IL-6 and TNF may represent potential targets for treatment of severe neutrophilic asthma. Nevertheless, the efficacy of simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of TNF and IL-6 in asthma was not yet studied. To evaluate the potency of combined cytokine inhibition, we simultaneously administrated IL-6 and TNF inhibitors to BALB/c mice with HDM-induced asthma. Combined IL-6/TNF inhibition, but not individual blockade of these two cytokines, led to complex anti-inflammatory effects including reduced Th2-induced eosinophilia and less prominent Th17/Th1-mediated neutrophilic infiltrate in the airways. Taken together, our results provide evidence for therapeutic potential of combined IL-6/TNF inhibition in severe steroid-resistant asthma.
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21
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Ng B, Viswanathan S, Widjaja AA, Lim WW, Shekeran SG, Goh JWT, Tan J, Kuthubudeen F, Lim SY, Xie C, Schafer S, Adami E, Cook SA. IL11 Activates Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Causes Pancreatic Inflammation, Fibrosis and Atrophy in a Mouse Model of Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073549. [PMID: 35408908 PMCID: PMC8999048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL11) is important for fibrosis and inflammation, but its role in the pancreas is unclear. In pancreatitis, fibrosis, inflammation and organ dysfunction are associated with pancreatic stellate cell (PSC)-to-myofibroblast transformation. Here, we show that IL11 stimulation of PSCs, which specifically express IL11RA in the pancreas, results in transient STAT3 phosphorylation, sustained ERK activation and PSC activation. In contrast, IL6 stimulation of PSCs caused sustained STAT3 phosphorylation but did not result in ERK activation or PSC transformation. Pancreatitis factors, including TGFβ, CTGF and PDGF, induced IL11 secretion from PSCs and a neutralising IL11RA antibody prevented PSC activation by these stimuli. This revealed an important ERK-dependent role for autocrine IL11 activity in PSCs. In mice, IL11 was increased in the pancreas after pancreatic duct ligation, and in humans, IL11 and IL11RA levels were elevated in chronic pancreatitis. Following pancreatic duct ligation, administration of anti-IL11RA to mice reduced pathologic (ERK, STAT, NF-κB) signalling, pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα, IL6 and IL1β) levels. This is the first description of IL11-mediated activation of PSCs, and the data suggest IL11 as a stromal therapeutic target in pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Anissa A. Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Wei-Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shamini G. Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Joyce Wei Ting Goh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Fathima Kuthubudeen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sze Yun Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Chen Xie
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Stuart A. Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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