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Yang N, Hellevik T, Berzaghi R, Martinez‐Zubiaurre I. Radiation-induced effects on TGF-β and PDGF receptor signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2018. [PMID: 38488488 PMCID: PMC10941573 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) consist of heterogeneous connective tissue cells and are often constituting the most abundant cell type in the tumor stroma. Radiation effects on tumor stromal components like CAFs in the context of radiation treatment is not well-described. AIM This study explores potential changes induced by ionizing radiation (IR) on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/PDGFRs and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/TGFβRs signaling systems in CAFs. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were carried out by employing primary cultures of human CAFs isolated from freshly resected non-small cell lung carcinoma tumor tissues. CAF cultures from nine donors were treated with one high (1 × 18 Gy) or three fractionated (3 × 6 Gy) radiation doses. Alterations in expression levels of TGFβRII and PDGFRα/β induced by IR were analyzed by western blots and flow cytometry. In the presence or absence of cognate ligands, receptor activation was studied in nonirradiated and irradiated CAFs. Radiation exposure did not exert changes in expression of PDGF or TGF-β receptors in CAFs. Additionally, IR alone was unable to trigger activation of either receptor. The radiation regimens tested did not affect PDGFRβ signaling in the presence of PDGF-BB. In contrast, signaling via pSmad2/3 and pSmad1/5/8 appeared to be down-regulated in irradiated CAFs after stimulation with TGF-β, as compared with controls. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that IR by itself is insufficient to induce measurable changes in PDGF or TGF-β receptor expression levels or to induce receptor activation in CAFs. However, in the presence of their respective ligands, exposure to radiation at certain doses appear to interfere with TGF-β receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yang
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Turid Hellevik
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity Hospital of North NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Rodrigo Berzaghi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Inigo Martinez‐Zubiaurre
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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2
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Wang Y, Deng Q, Gao Z, Liu G, Su Z, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Yang H. Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of sunitinib and Sutent ® in Chinese healthy subjects: an open-label, randomized, crossover study. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1294688. [PMID: 38026975 PMCID: PMC10667676 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1294688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioequivalence and safety of generic sunitinib and its original product Sutent® in healthy Chinese subjects through a phase-I clinical trial. Methods: The study selected two groups of 24 healthy Chinese subjects in a 1:1 ratio through random allocation. Each participant received either 12.5 mg of sunitinib or Sutent® per cycle. A total of 15 different time points were employed for blood sample collection during each cycle. Furthermore, a comprehensive assessment of the drugs' safety was consistently maintained throughout the trial. Results: The average adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMR) (90% CI) for the primary PK parameters Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 97.04% (93.06%-101.19%), 98.45% (93.27%-103.91%) and 98.22% (93.15%-103.56%), respectively. The adjusted GMRs for essential pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters all met the requirements for bioequivalence, with values within the acceptable range of 80%-125%. In addition, the two drugs showed comparable results for the other PK parameters. These results indicate that the two drugs were bioequivalent. Furthermore, both drugs showed well safety. Conclusion: The research results proved that the PK and safety profiles of sunitinib in healthy Chinese subjects were comparable to those of Sutent®. These results advocate the clinical application of generic sunitinib as a potential alternative to original product Sutent® in the treatment of certain medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaohuan Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenyue Gao
- Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangwen Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhengjie Su
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lixiu Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haimiao Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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3
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Gao Y, Wu C, Huang J, Huang Z, Jin Z, Guo S, Tao X, Lu S, Zhang J, Zhang F, Zhai Y, Shi R, Ye P, Wu J. A new strategy to identify ADAM12 and PDGFRB as a novel prognostic biomarker for matrine regulates gastric cancer via high throughput chip mining and computational verification. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107562. [PMID: 37847945 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a life-threatening disease that poses a serious risk to human health. Although there are numerous molecular targets for gastric cancer in clinical practice, they often exhibit low specificity and sensitivity. Consequently, this can result in a low early diagnosis rate, delayed treatment, and poor prognosis for patients with gastric cancer. Hence, it remains crucial to identify more precise diagnostic markers for this disease. METHODS This study utilized ceRNA chips and bioinformatics methods to investigate the key genes and mechanisms involved in matrine intervention in gastric cancer cells. RESULTS ADAM12 and PDGFRB are the key genes that are down-regulated after matrine intervention in gastric cancer cells. By conducting bioinformatics analysis, two ceRNA regulatory axes were identified, which are associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer. These axes are lncRNA DGCR5/hsa-miR-206/ADAM12 and circRNA ITGA3/hsa-miR-24-3p/PDGFRB. CONCLUSION The low expression of ADAM12 may weaken the digestion of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, which can result in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. This occurs without the catalysis of ECM proteases, thereby impacting the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Additionally, the analysis of immune infiltration suggests that ADAM12 and PDGFRB may influence changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of the matrine-related ceRNA network in gastric cancer, providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. It holds significant importance in discovering new drug treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhengsen Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fanqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yiyan Zhai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peizhi Ye
- National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Romano F, Di Porzio A, Iaccarino N, Riccardi G, Di Lorenzo R, Laneri S, Pagano B, Amato J, Randazzo A. G-quadruplexes in cancer-related gene promoters: from identification to therapeutic targeting. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:745-773. [PMID: 37855085 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2271168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guanine-rich DNA sequences can fold into four-stranded noncanonical secondary structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) which are widely distributed in functional regions of the human genome, such as telomeres and gene promoter regions. Compelling evidence suggests their involvement in key genome functions such as gene expression and genome stability. Notably, the abundance of G4-forming sequences near transcription start sites suggests their potential involvement in regulating oncogenes. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current knowledge on G4s in human oncogene promoters. The most representative G4-binding ligands have also been documented. The objective of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the most promising targets for the development of novel and highly specific anticancer drugs capable of selectively impacting the expression of individual or a limited number of genes. EXPERT OPINION Modulation of G4 formation by specific ligands has been proposed as a powerful new tool to treat cancer through the control of oncogene expression. Actually, most of G4-binding small molecules seem to simultaneously target a range of gene promoter G4s, potentially influencing several critical driver genes in cancer, thus producing significant therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Porzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Huang DX, Yang MX, Jiang ZM, Chen M, Chang K, Zhan YX, Gong X. Nerve trunk healing and neuroma formation after nerve transection injury. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1184246. [PMID: 37377855 PMCID: PMC10291201 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1184246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nerve trunk healing process of a transected peripheral nerve trunk is composed of angiogenesis, nerve fiber regeneration, and scarring. Nerve trunk healing and neuroma formation probably share identical molecular mediators and similar regulations. At the nerve transection site, angiogenesis is sufficient and necessary for nerve fiber regeneration. Angiogenesis and nerve fiber regeneration reveal a positive correlation in the early time. Scarring and nerve fiber regeneration show a negative correlation in the late phase. We hypothesize that anti-angiogenesis suppresses neuromas. Subsequently, we provide potential protocols to test our hypothesis. Finally, we recommend employing anti-angiogenic small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors to investigate nerve transection injuries.
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Knipper K, Damanakis AI, Zhao Y, Bruns CJ, Schmidt T, Popp FC, Quaas A, Lyu SI. Specific Subtypes of Carcinoma-Associated Fibroblasts Are Correlated with Worse Survival in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072049. [PMID: 37046710 PMCID: PMC10093167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancer entities. Effective therapy options are still lacking. The tumor microenvironment possibly bears further treatment possibilities. This study aimed to describe the expression patterns of four established carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAFs) markers and their correlation in PDAC tissue samples. METHODS This project included 321 patients with PDAC who underwent surgery with a curative intent in one of the PANCALYZE study centers. Immunohistochemical stainings for FAP, PDGFR, periostin, and SMA were performed. The expression patterns of each marker were divided into low- and high-expressing CAFs and correlated with patients' survival. RESULTS Tumors showing SMAhigh-, PeriostinhighSMAhigh-, or PeriostinhighSMAlowPDGFRlowFAPhigh-positive CAFs demonstrated significantly worse survival. Additionally, a high expression of SMA in PDAC tissue samples was shown to be an independent risk factor for worse survival. CONCLUSION This project identified three subgroups of PDAC with different expression patterns of CAF markers which showed significantly worse survival. This could be the base for the further characterization of the fibroblast subgroups in PDAC and contribute to the development of new targeted therapy options against CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Knipper
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander I Damanakis
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix C Popp
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Su Ir Lyu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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7
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Suppression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor-Alpha Overcomes Resistance to Trastuzumab through STAT3-Dependent IL-6 Reduction in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030675. [PMID: 36979654 PMCID: PMC10045855 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) plays an essential role in the proliferation and invasion of malignant cancer cells. However, the functional role of PDGFR alpha (PDGFRA) in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer has not been fully clarified yet. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of PDGFRA and the therapeutic potential of PDGFR inhibitors as part of an effort to overcome trastuzumab (TRZ) resistance. Aberrant PDGFRA expression is closely associated with decreased survival in HER2+ breast cancers. Therefore, we established BT474 trastuzumab-sensitive (TRZ_S) and trastuzumab-resistant (TRZ_R) cells to investigate the association between PDGFR signaling and TRZ resistance. We found that PDGFRA was significantly upregulated in the BT474 TRZ_R cells. In addition, IL-6 expression, which was also found to be upregulated in the TRZ_R cells, was induced by PDGFC, a ligand of PDGFR. Next, we investigated the effects of ponatinib and sunitinib, PDGFR inhibitors, on the BT474 TRZ_R and HCC1954 (TRZ-resistant cell line) cells. These inhibitors decreased cell viability and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, IL-6 expression was decreased by ponatinib in both the BT474 TRZ_R and HCC1954 cells. In contrast, IL-6 was not suppressed by TRZ, implying that the PDGFRA/STAT3/IL-6 axis is associated with resistance to TRZ. In addition, we found that STAT3 and ERK phosphorylation were increased in the BT474 TRZ_R cells. IL-6 expression was suppressed by a STAT3 inhibitor, indicating that IL-6 expression is modulated downstream of STAT3. Taken together, these results suggest that PDGFRA could serve as a therapeutic target to overcome TRZ resistance.
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Identification of a Biomarker Combination for Survival Stratification in pStage II/III Gastric Cancer after Curative Resection. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184427. [PMID: 36139587 PMCID: PMC9497152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths, with a high frequency of recurrence and metastasis, and a poor prognosis. This study presents a novel combination of four proteins (PDGFRB, INHBA, MMP11, and galectin-10) in GC tissues that have been identified as useful survival stratification markers in patients with pStage II/III GC after curative resection by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), proteomic analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Abstract Background: We sought to identify an optimal combination of survival risk stratification markers in patients with pathological (p) stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) after curative resection. Methods: We measured the expression levels of 127 genes in pStage II/III GC tissues of two patient cohorts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the expression of 1756 proteins between two prognosis (good and poor) groups by proteomic analysis to identify candidate survival stratification markers. Further, immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tumor microarrays (TMAs) in another cohort of patients was performed to identify an optimal biomarker combination for survival stratification in GC patients. Results: secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), inhibin subunit beta A (INHBA), matrix metallopeptidase-11 (MMP11), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFRB) were identified as candidate biomarkers from qPCR analysis, and SPARC and galectin-10 were obtained from the proteomic analysis. The combination of PDGFRB, INHBA, MMP11, and galectin-10 was identified as the optimal combination of survival risk stratification markers. Conclusions: A combination of four proteins in GC tissues may serve as useful survival risk stratification markers in patients with pStage II/III GC following curative resection. Our results may facilitate future multicenter prospective clinical trials.
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Leone A, Colamaria A, Fochi NP, Sacco M, Landriscina M, Parbonetti G, de Notaris M, Coppola G, De Santis E, Giordano G, Carbone F. Recurrent Glioblastoma Treatment: State of the Art and Future Perspectives in the Precision Medicine Era. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081927. [PMID: 36009473 PMCID: PMC9405902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment guidelines for the management of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) are far from definitive, and the prognosis remains dismal. Despite recent advancements in the pharmacological and surgical fields, numerous doubts persist concerning the optimal strategy that clinicians should adopt for patients who fail the first lines of treatment and present signs of progressive disease. With most recurrences being located within the margins of the previously resected lesion, a comprehensive molecular and genetic profiling of rGBM revealed substantial differences compared with newly diagnosed disease. In the present comprehensive review, we sought to examine the current treatment guidelines and the new perspectives that polarize the field of neuro-oncology, strictly focusing on progressive disease. For this purpose, updated PRISMA guidelines were followed to search for pivotal studies and clinical trials published in the last five years. A total of 125 articles discussing locoregional management, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy strategies were included in our analysis, and salient findings were critically summarized. In addition, an in-depth description of the molecular profile of rGBM and its distinctive characteristics is provided. Finally, we integrate the above-mentioned evidence with the current guidelines published by international societies, including AANS/CNS, EANO, AIOM, and NCCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Leone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Pio Fochi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Sacco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Riuniti Hospital, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Unit of Medical
Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Matteo de Notaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Rummo” Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giulia Coppola
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical Histological Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical
Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Diverse roles of tumor-stromal PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 154:93-140. [PMID: 35459473 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, it has become increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates every step of cancer progression and solid tumors are only able to metastasize with a permissive TME. This intricate interaction of cancer cells with their surrounding TME, or stroma, is becoming more understood with an ever greater knowledge of tumor-stromal signaling pairs such as platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their cognate receptors. We and others have focused our research efforts on understanding how tumor-derived PDGFB activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) signaling specifically in the breast cancer TME. In this chapter, we broadly discuss PDGF and PDGFR expression patterns and signaling in normal physiology and breast cancer. We then detail the expansive roles played by the PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling pathway in modulating breast tumor growth and metastasis with a focus on specific cellular populations within the TME, which are responsive to tumor-derived PDGFB. Given the increasingly appreciated importance of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer progression, specifically in promoting metastasis, we end by discussing how therapeutic targeting of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling holds great promise for improving current breast cancer treatment strategies.
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11
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Martínez-Martínez E, Tölle R, Donauer J, Gretzmeier C, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Dengjel J. Increased abundance of Cbl E3 ligases alters PDGFR signaling in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Matrix Biol 2021; 103-104:58-73. [PMID: 34706254 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), loss of collagen VII, the main component of anchoring fibrils critical for epidermal-dermal cohesion, affects several intracellular signaling pathways and leads to impaired wound healing and fibrosis. In skin fibroblasts, wound healing is also affected by platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling. To study a potential effect of loss of collagen VII on PDGFR signaling we performed unbiased disease phosphoproteomics. Whereas RDEB fibroblasts exhibited an overall weaker response to PDGF, Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligases, negative regulators of growth factor signaling, were stronger phosphorylated. This increase in phosphorylation was linked to higher Cbl mRNA and protein levels due to increased TGFβ signaling in RDEB. In turn, increased Cbl levels led to increased PDGFR ubiquitination, internalization, and degradation negatively affecting MAPK and AKT downstream signaling pathways. Thus, our results indicate that elevated TGFβ signaling leads to an attenuated response to growth factors, which contributes to impaired dermal wound healing in RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regine Tölle
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Julia Donauer
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Gretzmeier
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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12
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Kalra K, Eberhard J, Farbehi N, Chong JJ, Xaymardan M. Role of PDGF-A/B Ligands in Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:669188. [PMID: 34513823 PMCID: PMC8424099 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.669188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are powerful inducers of cellular mitosis, migration, angiogenesis, and matrix modulation that play pivotal roles in the development, homeostasis, and healing of cardiac tissues. PDGFs are key signaling molecules and important drug targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease as multiple researchers have shown that delivery of recombinant PDGF ligands during or after myocardial infarction can reduce mortality and improve cardiac function in both rodents and porcine models. The mechanism involved cannot be easily elucidated due to the complexity of PDGF regulatory activities, crosstalk with other protein tyrosine kinase activators, and diversity of the pathological milieu. This review outlines the possible roles of PDGF ligands A and B in the healing of cardiac tissues including reduced cell death, improved vascularization, and improved extracellular matrix remodeling to improve cardiac architecture and function after acute myocardial injury. This review may highlight the use of recombinant PDGF-A and PDGF-B as a potential therapeutic modality in the treatment of cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kalra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nona Farbehi
- Garvan Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James J Chong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Munira Xaymardan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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13
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Balamurugan K, Koehler L, Dürig JN, Hempel U, Rademann J, Hintze V, Pisabarro MT. Structural insights into the modulation of PDGF/PDGFR-β complexation by hyaluronan derivatives. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1441-1452. [PMID: 34280958 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important physiological process playing a crucial role in wound healing and cancer progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) are key players in angiogenesis. Based on previous findings regarding the modulation of VEGF activity by glycosaminoglycans (GAG), here we explore the interaction of hyaluronan (HA)-based GAG with PDGF and its receptor PDGFR-β by applying molecular modeling and dynamics simulations in combination with surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Computational analysis on the interaction of oligo-hyaluronan derivatives with different sulfation pattern and functionalization shows that these GAG interact with PDGF in relevant regions for receptor recognition, and that high sulfation as well as modification with the TAMRA group convey stronger binding. On the other hand, the studied oligo-hyaluronan derivatives are predicted to scarcely recognize PDGFR-β. SPR results are in line with the computational predictions regarding the binding pattern of HA tetrasaccharide (HA4) derivatives to PDGF and PDGFR-β. Furthermore, our experimental results also show that the complexation of PDGF to PDGFR-β can be modulated by HA4 derivatives. The results found open the path for considering HA4 derivatives as potential candidates to be exploited for modulation of the PDGF/PDGFR-β signaling system in angiogenesis and related disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagasabai Balamurugan
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Koehler
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Dürig
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, D-14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Hintze
- Institute of Materials Science, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Technische Universität Dresden, Budapester Str. 27, D-01069Dresden, Germany
| | - M Teresa Pisabarro
- Structural Bioinformatics, BIOTEC Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, D-01307Dresden, Germany
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14
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Kim S, You D, Jeong Y, Yoon SY, Kim SA, Lee JE. Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor synergistically increases the pharmacological effect of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor α positive breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:294. [PMID: 33732370 PMCID: PMC7905523 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, a complex and imperative group of proangiogenic factors, acts as strong cell growth chemokines and is essential for the progression of malignancy in humans. In the present study, it was observed that aberrant PDGFB expression is associated with survival rates in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer unlike other subtypes, including PDGFA, PDGFC and PDGFD. Accordingly, the effect of specific PDGF receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors on ER-α+ breast cancer cells was investigated. To block the PDGF-BB signaling pathway, PDGFR inhibitors (sunitinib or ponatinib) were employed. Sunitinib and ponatinib were found to arrest the cell cycle at the G0-G1 phase. In addition, the two PDGFR inhibitors were revealed to significantly inhibit cell growth and decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, which is one of the metastasis-related genes. Finally, the combined effects of the two PDGFR inhibitors with tamoxifen were investigated. The results demonstrated that the combination of two PDGFR inhibitors with tamoxifen inhibited the growth of cells more consistently, compared with the effect mediated by tamoxifen alone. Therefore, it is proposed that PDGFR inhibitors, including sunitinib and ponatinib, should be applied effectively to treat ER-α+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun You
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yisun Jeong
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung A Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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15
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D’Agostino S, Tombolan L, Saggioro M, Frasson C, Rampazzo E, Pellegrini S, Favaretto F, Biz C, Ruggieri P, Gamba P, Bonvini P, Aveic S, Giovannoni R, Pozzobon M. Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells Produce Their Own Extracellular Matrix With Minimal Involvement of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: A Preliminary Study. Front Oncol 2021; 10:600980. [PMID: 33585217 PMCID: PMC7878542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between neoplastic cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the determinant elements for cancer growth. The remodeling of the ECM by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) shapes tumor microenvironment by depositing and digesting ECM proteins, hence promoting tumor growth and invasion. While for epithelial tumors CAFs are well characterized, little is known about the stroma composition of mesenchymal cancers, such as in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma during childhood and adolescence. The aim of this work is to identify the importance of CAFs in specifying RMS microenvironment and the role of these stromal cells in RMS growth. METHODS We assessed in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) systems the attraction between RMS cells and fibroblasts using epithelial colon cancer cell line as control. CAFs were studied in a xenogeneic mouse model of both tumor types and characterized in terms of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), mouse PDGFR expression, metalloproteases activation, and ECM gene and protein expression profiling. RESULTS In 2D model, the rate of interaction between stromal and malignant cells was significantly lower in RMS with respect to colon cancer. Particularly, in 3D system, RMS spheroids tended to dismantle the compact aggregate when grown on the layer of stromal cells. In vivo, despite the well-formed tumor mass, murine CAFs were found in low percentage in RMS xenogeneic samples. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the evidence that, differently from epithelial cancers, RMS cells are directly involved in their own ECM remodeling, and less dependent on CAFs support for cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D’Agostino
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Tombolan
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Solid Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Saggioro
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Frasson
- Onco-Hematology Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Brain Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Pellegrini
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Favaretto
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Biz
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, Orthopedic Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gamba
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Pediatric Solid Tumors Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Michela Pozzobon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women and Children Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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16
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Inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor C and their receptors additionally increases doxorubicin effects in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173868. [PMID: 33460613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Complex of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and PDGF receptors have important functions in the regulation of growth and survival of various cell types. Herein, it was found that aberrant PDGFC expression is closely associated with survival rates in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. In addition, PDGFC expression was identified to be significantly increased in TNBC cells unlike other subtypes such as PDGFA, PDGFB, and PDGFD. Apparently, the effects of specific PDGF receptor (PDGFR) inhibitors such as sunitinib and ponatinib on HCC1806 and Hs578T TNBC cells were investigated. Both inhibitors decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the inhibitors completely inhibited cell growth in both the cell lines and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), one of the metastasis-related genes. Cell migration was also decreased by the inhibitors. Finally, the combined effects of the inhibitors with doxorubicin (DOX) were investigated. The results showed that the combination of two PDGFR inhibitors with DOX inhibited the growth of cells and enhanced the apoptotic cell death more uniformly than DOX. Consequently, it is demonstrated that PDGFR inhibitors, sunitinib and ponatinib hold the potential for effective treatment of TNBC.
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17
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Effendi N, Mishiro K, Shiba K, Kinuya S, Ogawa K. Development of Radiogallium-Labeled Peptides for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β (PDGFR β) Imaging: Influence of Different Linkers. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010041. [PMID: 33374773 PMCID: PMC7795354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop peptide-based platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) imaging probes and examine the effects of several linkers, namely un-natural amino acids (D-alanine and β-alanine) and ethylene-glycol (EG), on the properties of Ga-DOTA-(linker)-IPLPPPRRPFFK peptides. Seven radiotracers, 67Ga-DOTA-(linker)-IPLPPPRRPFFK peptides, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. The stability and cell uptake in PDGFRβ positive peptide cells were evaluated in vitro. The biodistribution of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-EG2-IPLPPPRRPFFK ([67Ga]27) and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-EG4-IPLPPPRRPFFK ([67Ga]28), which were selected based on in vitro stability in murine plasma and cell uptake rates, were determined in BxPC3-luc-bearing nu/nu mice. Seven 67Ga-labeled peptides were successfully synthesized with high radiochemical yields (>85%) and purities (>99%). All evaluated radiotracers were stable in PBS (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. However, only [67Ga]27 and [67Ga]28 remained more than 75% after incubation in murine plasma at 37 °C for 1 h. [67Ga]27 exhibited the highest BxPC3-luc cell uptake among the prepared radiolabeled peptides. As regards the results of the biodistribution experiments, the tumor-to-blood ratios of [67Ga]27 and [67Ga]28 at 1 h post-injection were 2.61 ± 0.75 and 2.05 ± 0.77, respectively. Co-injection of [67Ga]27 and an excess amount of IPLPPPRRPFFK peptide as a blocking agent can significantly decrease this ratio. However, tumor accumulation was not considered sufficient. Therefore, further probe modification is required to assess tumor accumulation for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmaya Effendi
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (N.E.); (K.M.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Urip Sumiharjo KM. 10, Makassar 90-231, Indonesia
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (N.E.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan;
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Takara-machi 13-1, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan;
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; (N.E.); (K.M.)
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-76-234-4460
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18
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Ben Jemii N, Tounsi-Kettiti H, Yaiche H, Mezghanni N, Jaballah Gabteni A, Fehri E, Ben Fayala C, Abdelhak S, Boubaker S. Dysregulated PDGFR alpha expression and novel somatic mutations in colorectal cancer: association to RAS wild type status and tumor size. J Transl Med 2020; 18:440. [PMID: 33213472 PMCID: PMC7678118 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) has been considered as a relevant factor in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination. It was a target of tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors emerged in the therapy of diverse cancers. In colorectal cancer, the commonly used therapy is anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, both RAS mutated and a subgroup of RAS wild type patients resist to such therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate PDGFRα protein expression and mutational status in colorectal adenocarcinoma and their association with clinicopathological features and molecular RAS status to provide useful information for the identification of an effective biomarker that might be implicated in prognosis and treatment prediction. Methods Our study enrolled 103 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colorectal adenocarcinoma. PDGFRα expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Hotspot exon 18 of PDGFRA was studied by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing and RAS status was determined by real time quantitative PCR. Thirteen normal colon tissues were used as negative controls. Results PDGFRα staining was detected in the cytoplasm of all tissues. Low expression was observed in all normal colon mucosa. In adenocarcinoma, 45% (45/100) of cases showed PDGFRα overexpression. This overexpression was significantly associated with mutations in exon 18 (P = 0.024), RAS wild type status (P < 10–3), tumor diameter (P = 0.048), whereas there was no association with tumor side (P = 0.13) and other clinicopathological features. Conclusion Overexpression of PDGFRα in adenocarcinoma suggests its potential role in tumor cells growth and invasion. The association between PDGFRα overexpression in both tumor and stromal adenocarcinoma cells with RAS wild type status suggests its potential role in anti-EGFR therapy resistance and the relevance of using it as specific or adjuvant therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ben Jemii
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Haifa Tounsi-Kettiti
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Yaiche
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najla Mezghanni
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amira Jaballah Gabteni
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Fehri
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Ben Fayala
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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19
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Liang M, Wang B, Schneider A, Vainshtein I, Roskos L. A Novel Pharmacodynamic Biomarker and Mechanistic Modeling Facilitate the Development of Tovetumab, a Monoclonal Antibody Directed Against Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha, for Cancer Therapy. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 23:4. [PMID: 33210183 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tovetumab (MEDI-575) is a fully human IgG2κ monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to human platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) and blocks receptor signal transduction by PDGF ligands. The affinity of tovetumab determined using surface plasmon resonance technology and flow cytometry demonstrated comparable binding affinity for human and monkey PDGFRα. In single and repeat-dose monkey pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) studies, tovetumab administration resulted in dose-dependent elevation of circulating levels of PDGF-AA, a member of the PDGF ligand family, due to displacement of PDGF-AA from PDGFRα by tovetumab and subsequent blockade of PDGFRα-mediated PDGF-AA degradation. As such, PDGF-AA accumulation is an indirect measurement of receptor occupancy and is a novel PD biomarker for tovetumab. The nonlinear PK of tovetumab and dose-dependent increase in circulating PDGF-AA profiles were well described by a novel mechanistic model, in which tovetumab and PDGF-AA compete for the binding to PDGFRα. To facilitate translational simulation, the internalization half-lives of PDGF-AA and tovetumab upon binding to PDGFRα were determined using confocal imaging to be 14 ± 4 min and 30 ± 8 min, respectively. By incorporating PDGFRα internalization kinetics, the model not only predicted the target receptor occupancy by tovetumab, but also the biologically active agonistic ligand-receptor complex. This work described a novel PD biomarker approach applicable for anti-receptor therapeutics and the first mechanistic model to delineate the in vivo tri-molecular system of a drug, its target receptor, and a competing endogenous ligand, which collectively have been used for optimal dose recommendation supporting clinical development of tovetumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Liang
- Clinical and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 121 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
| | - Bing Wang
- Clinical and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 121 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.,Amador Bioscience, Pleasanton, California, 94588, USA
| | - Amy Schneider
- Clinical and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 121 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Inna Vainshtein
- Clinical and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 121 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.,Exelixis, Alameda, California, 94502, USA
| | - Lorin Roskos
- Clinical and Quantitative Pharmacology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, 121 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA. .,Exelixis, Alameda, California, 94502, USA.
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20
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Melissari MT, Chalkidi N, Sarris ME, Koliaraki V. Fibroblast Reprogramming in Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:630. [PMID: 32760726 PMCID: PMC7373725 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide and have been strongly linked with chronic inflammation. Current therapies focus on epithelial/cancer cells; however, the importance of the tumor microenvironment in the development and treatment of the disease is also now well established. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment, and are actively participating in tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis. They structurally and functionally affect cancer cell proliferation, tumor immunity, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling and metastasis through a variety of signaling pathways. CAFs originate predominantly from resident mesenchymal cells, which are activated and reprogrammed in response to cues from cancer cells. In recent years, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract has also proven an important driver of mesenchymal cell activation and subsequent CAF development, which in turn are capable of regulating the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and cancer. In this review, we will provide a concise overview of the mechanisms that drive fibroblast reprogramming in cancer and the recent advances on the downstream signaling pathways that regulate the functional properties of the activated mesenchyme. This new mechanistic insight could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies and better prognosis for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Theodora Melissari
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Niki Chalkidi
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis E Sarris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Koliaraki
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
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21
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Todd JE, Nguyen SM. Long-term survival in a cat with pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with surgical resection and toceranib phosphate. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920924911. [PMID: 32587749 PMCID: PMC7294497 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920924911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary Primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm seen in cats and often has a poor prognosis. We report a case of an 8-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat weighing 5.8 kg diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with surgical resection and toceranib phosphate, which had a progression-free interval of 1148 days and survived for more than 1436 days. The treatment was well tolerated; however, the cat developed generalised coat hypopigmentation. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, the cat in our report has the longest progression-free interval and survival time post-surgical resection of pancreatic carcinoma treated with toceranib. Hypopigmentation as a side effect of toceranib has been reported in dogs, but this is the first case reported in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E Todd
- Medical Oncology, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra M Nguyen
- Medical Oncology, Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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22
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Zhang AL, Chen XJ, Zou Y, Yang WY, Guo Y, Wang SC, Zhang L, Liu XM, Ruan M, Liu TF, Qi BQ, Zhu XF. [Clinical features and prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and different platelet levels]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:766-771. [PMID: 31416500 PMCID: PMC7389902 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of platelet level at diagnosis with prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). METHODS A total of 892 children with ALL who underwent chemotherapy with the CCLG-ALL 2008 regimen were enrolled. According to the platelet count at diagnosis, these children were divided into normal platelet count group (platelet count ≥100×109/L; n=263) and thrombocytopenia group (platelet count <100×109/L; n=629). The thrombocytopenia group was further divided into (50- <100)×109/L (n=243), (20- <50)×109/L (n=263), and <20×109/L (n=123) subgroups. The association of clinical features (sex, age, immunophenotype, and molecular biology) with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the thrombocytopenia group, the normal platelet count group had significantly lower positive rate of MLL gene rearrangement and recurrence rate (P<0.05), as well as a significantly higher 10-year EFS rate (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in 10-year OS between the two groups (P>0.05). The normal platelet count group still had a significantly higher 10-year EFS rate than the thrombocytopenia group after the children with MLL gene rearrangement were excluded (P<0.05), and there was still no significant difference in 10-year OS between the two groups (P>0.05). The <20×109/L subgroup had significantly lower 10-year EFS and OS rates than the normal platelet count group, the (50- <100)×109/L subgroup, and the (20- <50)×109/L subgroup (P<0.05). After the children with MLL gene rearrangement were excluded, the <20×109/L subgroup still had significantly lower 10-year EFS and OS rates than the normal platelet count group, the (50-<100)×109/L subgroup, and the (20- <50)×109/L subgroup (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS ALL children with MLL gene rearrangement often have the clinical manifestation of thrombocytopenia. Platelet level at diagnosis is associated with the prognosis of ALL children. The children with normal platelet count have a low recurrence rate and good prognosis, and those with a platelet count of <20×109/L have the worst prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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23
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Kilvaer TK, Rakaee M, Hellevik T, Vik J, Petris LD, Donnem T, Strell C, Ostman A, Busund LTR, Martinez-Zubiaurre I. Differential prognostic impact of platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression in NSCLC. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10163. [PMID: 31308421 PMCID: PMC6629689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical evidence suggests that stromal expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) stimulates tumor development and diminishes intratumoral drug uptake. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the clinical relevance of stromal PDGFR expression remains uncertain. Tumor specimens from 553 patients with primary operable stage I-IIIB NSCLC was obtained and tissue micro-arrays (TMA) were constructed (Norwegian cohort). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of PDGFRα and -β in stromal cells and to explore their impact on patient survival. Results were validated in a non-related cohort consisting of TMAs of 367 stage I (A and B) NSCLC patients (Swedish cohort). High stromal PDGFRα expression was an independent predictor of increased survival in the overall populations and SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) subgroups of both investigated cohorts. PDGFRβ was an independent predictor of poor survival in the overall Norwegian cohort and an independent predictor of increased survival in the ADC (adenocarcinoma) subgroup of the Swedish cohort. Tumors displaying the combination PDGFRα-low/PDGFRβ-high exhibited inferior survival according to increasing stage in the Norwegian cohort. This study confirms that high stromal expression of PDGFRα is a predictor of increased survival in NSCLC. Further exploration of the prognostic impact of PDGFRβ and the relationship between PDGFRα and -β is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karsten Kilvaer
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Turid Hellevik
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Jørg Vik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Luigi De Petris
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Donnem
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Carina Strell
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Ostman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso, Norway
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24
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Lee YT, Lim SH, Lee B, Kang I, Yeo EJ. Compound C Inhibits B16-F1 Tumor Growth in a Syngeneic Mouse Model Via the Blockage of Cell Cycle Progression and Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060823. [PMID: 31200558 PMCID: PMC6627246 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently observed that Compound C (CompC), a reversible inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase, reduced the cell viability of B16-F1 melanoma cells. To establish its molecular mechanism(s) of action, the cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry and the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins and angiogenesis-related proteins were examined by western blot analysis. In addition, its effect on tumor growth was investigated using C57BL/6 syngeneic mice bearing B16-F1 xenografts. We found that CompC induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, which was associated with reduced levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as phosphorylated pRB, cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks), cyclins, and phosphorylated P-Ser10-histone H3, and increased levels of Cdk inhibitors, such as p21 and p53. We also found that CompC inhibits proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells via the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-induced signaling pathways. As expected, CompC significantly reduced the tumor size of B16-F1 xenografts in the syngeneic mouse model. Inhibition of tumor growth may be attributed to reduced cell proliferation via cell cycle inhibition and in part to decreased angiogenesis in CompC-treated mice. These findings suggest the potential use of CompC against melanoma development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Taek Lee
- Department of Medicine, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - So Hyun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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25
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Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast in Gastric Cancer Progression and Resistance to Treatments. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6270784. [PMID: 31281359 PMCID: PMC6590541 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6270784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients has gradually improved, the outcomes of advanced GC patients remain unsatisfactory despite standard treatment with conventional chemotherapy or targeted agents. Several studies have shown that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of tumor stroma in GC, may have significant roles in GC progression and resistance to treatments. CAFs are a major source of various secreted molecules in the tumor microenvironment, which stimulate cancer cells and other noncancerous components of GC. Surprisingly, these factors could be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Cytokines, including interleukin-6 and interleukin-11, or growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor produced from CAFs, can directly activate GC cells and consequently lead to the development of an aggressive phenotype. Galectin-1 or hepatocyte growth factor can be involved in CAF-derived neovascularization in GC. In addition, recent studies showed that CAFs can affect tumor immunity through M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Finally, the current study aimed to introduce several inhibitory agents and evaluate their suppressive effects on CAFs in patients with GC progression. However, further studies are required to evaluate their safety and select appropriate patients for application in clinical settings.
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26
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Wang FT, Sun W, Zhang JT, Fan YZ. Cancer-associated fibroblast regulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis as a therapeutic target in cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3055-3065. [PMID: 30867734 PMCID: PMC6396119 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate blood supply is essential for tumor survival, growth and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic and complex, comprising cancer cells, cancer-associated stromal cells and their extracellular products. The TME serves an important role in tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal component of stromal cells within the TME, and contribute to tumor neo-angiogenesis by altering the proteome and degradome. The present paper reviews previous studies of the molecular signaling pathways by which CAFs promote tumor neo-angiogenesis and highlights therapeutic response targets. Also discussed are potential strategies for antitumor neo-angiogenesis to improve tumor treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Zu Fan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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27
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Aoto K, Ito K, Aoki S. Complex formation between platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and transforming growth factor β receptor regulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34090-34102. [PMID: 30344924 PMCID: PMC6183337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have recently gained attention as potent targets in cancer therapy because they are a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment and promote the growth and invasion of cancer cells. CAFs differentiate from fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), epithelial cells, and other cell types in response to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) stimulation. The drugs tranilast, imatinib, and pirfenidone reportedly inhibit the differentiation of such cells into CAFs; however, it is unclear how they regulate TGFβ signaling. Here, we differentiated MSCs into CAFs in vitro and investigated which drugs suppressed this differentiation. Based on these results, we focused on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor β (PDGFRβ) as a key molecule in the initiation of TGFβ signaling. PDGFRβ transmitted TGFβ signaling in MSCs by forming a complex with TGFβ receptor (TGFβR) independently of stimulation with its well-known ligand PDGF. Inhibitors of the differentiation of MSCs into CAFs attenuated complex formation between PDGFRβ and TGFβR. Moreover, PDGF stimulated PDGFRβ to a lesser extent in CAFs than in MSCs. This study indicates that PDGFRβ and TGFβ-TGFβR signaling cooperatively promote the differentiation of MSCs into CAFs in tumor microenvironments independently of canonical PDGF-PDGFR signaling. We propose that blockade of the interaction between PDGFRβ and TGFβR is a potential strategy to prevent TGFβ-mediated differentiation of MSCs into CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Aoto
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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28
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Bartoschek M, Pietras K. PDGF family function and prognostic value in tumor biology. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:984-990. [PMID: 29932922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development and progression of a tumor depends on the close interaction of malignant cells and the supportive and suppressive tumor microenvironment. Paracrine signaling enables tumor cells to shape the surrounding tissue in order to decrease recognition by the immune system, attract blood vessels to fuel growth, change metabolic programs, and induce wound healing programs. In this study, we investigate the role of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family members PDGFA, PDGFB, PDGFC and PDGFD and their cognate tyrosine kinase receptors PDGFRA and PDGFRB, using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Human Protein Atlas. Large scale analysis of expression correlation in RNA sequencing data from 7616 samples derived from 16 tumor types, revealed conserved functional programs in PDGF signaling in the majority of solid tumor types. Besides the well-known effects of PDGF signaling in mesenchymal cells, our analyses revealed a potential role of PDGF signaling in the composition of the immune microenvironment. We furthermore derived gene signatures with increased prognostic value for each PDGF family member. This study emphasizes the potential to impinge on specific paracrine signaling events to interfere with the crosstalk between malignant cells and their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bartoschek
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 8, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Scheelevägen 8, 22381, Lund, Sweden.
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29
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Zhou S, Appleman VA, Rose CM, Jun HJ, Yang J, Zhou Y, Bronson RT, Gygi SP, Charest A. Chronic platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling exerts control over initiation of protein translation in glioma. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800029. [PMID: 30456354 PMCID: PMC6238596 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Using phospho-proteomics in a new model of malignant glioma, we reveal that clinically relevant, chronic PDGFRα signaling differs considerably from acute receptor stimulation and unveils previously unrecognized control over key elements of the translation initiation machinery. Activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) gives rise to some of the most important signaling pathways that regulate mammalian cellular growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation and their misregulation is common in a variety of diseases. Herein, we present a comprehensive and detailed map of PDGFR signaling pathways assembled from literature and integrate this map in a bioinformatics protocol designed to extract meaningful information from large-scale quantitative proteomics mass spectrometry data. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach using a new genetically engineered mouse model of PDGFRα-driven glioma. We discovered that acute PDGFRα stimulation differs considerably from chronic receptor activation in the regulation of protein translation initiation. Transient stimulation activates several key components of the translation initiation machinery, whereas the clinically relevant chronic activity of PDGFRα is associated with a significant shutdown of translational members. Our work defines a step-by-step approach to extract biologically relevant insights from global unbiased phospho-protein datasets to uncover targets for therapeutic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicky A Appleman
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hyun Jung Jun
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juechen Yang
- Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Al Charest
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Moroncini G, Maccaroni E, Fiordoliva I, Pellei C, Gabrielli A, Berardi R. Developments in the management of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma - olaratumab in context. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:833-842. [PMID: 29497315 PMCID: PMC5820470 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lartruvo® (olaratumab) is a fully human immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody that inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). The antitumor activity of olaratumab has been tested in vitro and in vivo, and inhibition of tumor growth has been observed in cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma and leiomyosarcoma cells. It represents the first-in-class antibody to be approved by regulatory authorities for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) in combination with doxorubicin, based on the results of the Phase Ib/II trial by Tap et al. The median progression-free survival (PFS), which was the primary end point of the study, was improved for patients treated with olaratumab plus doxorubicin compared to those treated with doxorubicin monotherapy (6.6 vs 4.1 months, respectively; HR 0.672, 95% CI 0.442-1.021, p=0.0615). Moreover, final analysis of overall survival (OS) showed a median OS of 26.5 months with olaratumab plus doxorubicin vs 14.7 months with doxorubicin, with a gain of 11.8 months (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.71, p=0.0003). In October 2016, olaratumab was admitted in the Accelerated Approval Program by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in combination with doxorubicin for the treatment of adult patients with STSs. In November 2016, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) granted conditional approval for olaratumab in the same indication under its Accelerated Assessment Program. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized Phase III study (ANNOUNCE trial, NCT02451943) is being performed in order to confirm the survival advantage of olaratumab and to provide definitive drug confirmation by regulators. The study is ongoing, but enrollment is closed. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the rationale of olaratumab in the treatment of advanced STSs and its emerging role in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Moroncini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Maccaroni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fiordoliva
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Pellei
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
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31
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Aptamers and Glioblastoma: Their Potential Use for Imaging and Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122576. [PMID: 29189740 PMCID: PMC5751179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary brain tumour, renowned for its infiltrative growth and varied genetic profiles. The current treatment options are insufficient, and their off-target effects greatly reduce patient quality of life. The major challenge in improving glioblastoma diagnosis and treatment involves the development of a targeted imaging and drug delivery platform, capable of circumventing the blood brain barrier and specifically targeting glioblastoma tumours. The unique properties of aptamers demonstrate their capability of bridging the gap to the development of successful diagnosis and treatment options, where antibodies have previously failed. Aptamers possess many characteristics that make them an ideal novel imaging and therapeutic agent for the treatment of glioblastoma and other brain malignancies, and are likely to provide patients with a better standard of care and improved quality of life. Their target sensitivity, selective nature, ease of modification and low immunogenicity make them an ideal drug-delivery platform. This review article summarises the aptamers previously generated against glioblastoma cells or its identified biomarkers, and their potential application in diagnosis and therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma tumours.
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32
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Erdogan B, Ao M, White LM, Means AL, Brewer BM, Yang L, Washington MK, Shi C, Franco OE, Weaver AM, Hayward SW, Li D, Webb DJ. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote directional cancer cell migration by aligning fibronectin. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3799-3816. [PMID: 29021221 PMCID: PMC5674895 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of the carcinoma microenvironment that promote tumor progression. However, the mechanisms by which CAFs regulate cancer cell migration are poorly understood. In this study, we show that fibronectin (Fn) assembled by CAFs mediates CAF-cancer cell association and directional migration. Compared with normal fibroblasts, CAFs produce an Fn-rich extracellular matrix with anisotropic fiber orientation, which guides the cancer cells to migrate directionally. CAFs align the Fn matrix by increasing nonmuscle myosin II- and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-mediated contractility and traction forces, which are transduced to Fn through α5β1 integrin. We further show that prostate cancer cells use αv integrin to migrate efficiently and directionally on CAF-derived matrices. We demonstrate that aligned Fn is a prominent feature of invasion sites in human prostatic and pancreatic carcinoma samples. Collectively, we present a new mechanism by which CAFs organize the Fn matrix and promote directional cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Erdogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Mingfang Ao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Lauren M White
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Anna L Means
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bryson M Brewer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Lijie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Donna J Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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33
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Kitano H, Kitadai Y, Teishima J, Yuge R, Shinmei S, Goto K, Inoue S, Hayashi T, Sentani K, Yasui W, Matsubara A. Combination therapy using molecular-targeted drugs modulates tumor microenvironment and impairs tumor growth in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2308-2320. [PMID: 28834289 PMCID: PMC5633586 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis are determined not by cancer cells alone but also by a variety of stromal cells, various populations of which overexpress platelet‐derived growth factor receptors (PDGF‐Rs). In addition, activation of PI3K‐AKT‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is frequently observed in many cancer types as well. mTOR comprises a serine/threonine kinase that increases the production of proteins that stimulate key cellular processes such as cell growth and proliferation, cell metabolism, and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the impact of molecular‐targeting agents including PDGF‐R and mTOR inhibitors on the tumor stroma of human kidney cancer and examined the efficacy of combination therapy with these agents against this disease. Treatment with sunitinib did not suppress tumor growth, but significantly decreased stromal reactivity, microvessel density, and pericyte coverage of tumor microvessels in an orthotopic mouse model. In contrast, treatment with everolimus decreased tumor growth and microvessel density but not stromal reactivity. However, sunitinib and everolimus in combination reduced both the growth rate and stromal reaction. These findings suggest that target molecule‐based inhibition of the cancer–stromal cell interaction appears promising as an effective antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kitano
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitadai
- Department of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryo Yuge
- Department of Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shinmei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shogo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Effendi N, Ogawa K, Mishiro K, Takarada T, Yamada D, Kitamura Y, Shiba K, Maeda T, Odani A. Synthesis and evaluation of radioiodinated 1-{2-[5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl]quinolin-8-yl}piperidin-4-amine derivatives for platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5576-5585. [PMID: 28838832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor and it is upregulated in various malignant tumors. Radiolabeled PDGFRβ inhibitors can be a convenient tool for the imaging of tumors overexpressing PDGFRβ. In this study, [125I]-1-{5-iodo-2-[5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl]quinoline-8-yl}piperidin-4-amine ([125I]IIQP) and [125I]-N-3-iodobenzoyl-1-{2-[5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl]quinolin-8-yl}-piperidin-4-amine ([125I]IB-IQP) were designed and synthesized, and their potential as PDGFRβ imaging agents was evaluated. In cellular uptake experiments, [125I]IIQP and [125I]IB-IQP showed higher uptake by PDGFRβ-positive cells than by PDGFRβ-negative cells, and the uptake in PDGFRβ-positive cells was inhibited by co-culture with PDGFRβ ligands. The biodistribution of both radiotracers in normal mice exhibited hepatobiliary excretion as the main route. In mice inoculated with BxPC3-luc (PDGFRβ-positive), the tumor uptake of radioactivity at 1h after the injection of [125I]IIQP was significantly higher than that after the injection of [125I]IB-IQP. These results indicated that [125I]IIQP can be a suitable PDGFRβ imaging agent. However, further modification of its structure will be required to obtain a more appropriate PDGFRβ-targeted imaging agent with a higher signal/noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurmaya Effendi
- Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urip Sumiharjo KM. 10, Makassar 90-231, Indonesia
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan; Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kenji Mishiro
- Kanazawa University, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata-ken, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Yoji Kitamura
- Kanazawa University, Advanced Science Research Centre, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiba
- Kanazawa University, Advanced Science Research Centre, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takehiko Maeda
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata-ken, 956-8603, Japan
| | - Akira Odani
- Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Hocker SE, Higginbotham ML, Schermerhorn T, Henningson J. Receptor tyrosine kinase expression and phosphorylation in canine nasal carcinoma. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:484-489. [PMID: 28783596 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary studies have supported use of toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) in treatment of canine nasal carcinomas, though the mechanisms of its activity are unknown. This study evaluated sixteen canine nasal carcinoma and five normal nasal epithelium samples for expression and phosphorylation of known targets of toceranib [vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGR2), platelet derived growth factor alpha (PDGFR-α), platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β), and stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT)] and epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR1) using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) phosphorylation panel. Protein for VEGFR2 was expressed in all carcinomas, PDGFR-α was noted in 15/16, whereas PDGFR-β was detected in 3/16 samples, but showed significant stromal staining. Protein expression for c-KIT was present in 4/16 and EGFR1 was noted in 14/16 samples. Normal tissue showed variable protein expression of the RTKs. Messenger RNA for VEGFR2, PDGFR-β, and c-KIT were noted in all samples. Messenger RNA for PDGFR-α and EGFR1 were detected in 15/16 samples. All normal nasal tissue detected messenger RNA. Phosphorylation of VEGFR2, PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β and c-KIT was not observed in any carcinoma or normal nasal sample, but phosphorylation of EGFR1 was noted in 10/16 carcinoma and 3/5 normal samples. The absence of phosphorylated RTK targets of toceranib suggests any clinical effect of toceranib occurs through inhibition of alternative unidentified RTK pathways in canine nasal carcinomas. The observed protein and message expression and phosphorylation of EGFR1 in the nasal carcinoma samples merits further inquiry into EGFR1 as a therapeutic target for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Hocker
- Ontario Veterinary College 2119 ANCC Bldg 49 50 Stone Rd. East Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Mary Lynn Higginbotham
- Ontario Veterinary College 2119 ANCC Bldg 49 50 Stone Rd. East Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Thomas Schermerhorn
- Ontario Veterinary College 2119 ANCC Bldg 49 50 Stone Rd. East Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jamie Henningson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Dennison Ave., Manhattan, KS 66506, United States.
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Higuchi A, Oshima T, Yoshihara K, Sakamaki K, Aoyama T, Suganuma N, Yamamoto N, Sato T, Cho H, Shiozawa M, Yoshikawa T, Rino Y, Kunisaki C, Imada T, Masuda M. Clinical significance of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β gene expression in stage II/III gastric cancer with S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:905-911. [PMID: 28356977 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overall survival remains unsatisfactory in stage II/III gastric cancer, even after curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) is associated with the proliferation of cancer cells. The present study therefore investigated the association of PDGFR-β gene expression with patient outcome in 134 stage II/III gastric cancer patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. Relative PDGFR-β gene expression was measured in surgical cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa specimens by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The PDGFR-β gene expression levels were found to be significantly higher in the cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal mucosa. A high level of PDGFR-β gene expression was associated with a significantly poorer 5-year overall survival rate compared with a low level of PDGFR-β expression. Upon multivariate analysis, PDGFR-β gene expression was found to be an independent predictor of survival. Overall, the study indicates that PDGFR-β overexpression in gastric cancer tissues is a useful independent predictor of outcome in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoshihara
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakamaki
- Clinical Research Coordinating Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Suganuma
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Cho
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Chikara Kunisaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Toshio Imada
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 234-8503, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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Lewandowski SA, Fredriksson L, Lawrence DA, Eriksson U. Pharmacological targeting of the PDGF-CC signaling pathway for blood-brain barrier restoration in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:108-119. [PMID: 27524729 PMCID: PMC5341142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders account for a majority of non-malignant disability in humans and are often associated with dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recent evidence shows that despite apparent variation in the origin of neural damage, the central nervous system has a common injury response mechanism involving platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC activation in the neurovascular unit and subsequent dysfunction of BBB integrity. Inhibition of PDGF-CC signaling with imatinib in mice has been shown to prevent BBB dysfunction and have neuroprotective effects in acute damage conditions, including traumatic brain injury, seizures or stroke, as well as in neurodegenerative diseases that develop over time, including multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stroke and traumatic injuries are major risk factors for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders and we speculate that restoring BBB properties through PDGF-CC inhibition might provide a common therapeutic opportunity for treatment of both acute and progressive neuropathology in humans. In this review we will summarize what is known about the role of PDGF-CC in neurovascular signaling events and the variety of seemingly different neuropathologies it is involved in. We will also discuss the pharmacological means of therapeutic interventions for anti-PDGF-CC therapy and ongoing clinical trials. In summary: inhibition of PDGF-CC signaling can be protective for immediate injury and decrease the long-term neurodegenerative consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Lewandowski
- Tissue Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Vascular Biology Groups, Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 Medical Science Research Building III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644, USA
| | - Daniel A Lawrence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 7301 Medical Science Research Building III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0644, USA
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Tissue Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Scheeles v. 2, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Landscape in Lung Cancer: Therapeutical Implications. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9214056. [PMID: 27528792 PMCID: PMC4977389 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9214056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease responsible for the most cases of cancer-related deaths. The majority of patients are clinically diagnosed at advanced stages, with a poor survival rate. For this reason, the identification of oncodrivers and novel biomarkers is decisive for the future clinical management of this pathology. The rise of high throughput technologies popularly referred to as “omics” has accelerated the discovery of new biomarkers and drivers for this pathology. Within them, tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) have proven to be of importance as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools and, due to their molecular nature, as therapeutic targets. Along this review, the role of TKRs in the different lung cancer histologies, research on improvement of anti-TKR therapy, and the current approaches to manage anti-TKR resistance will be discussed.
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Gramer I, Killick D, Scase T, Chandry D, Marrington M, Blackwood L. Expression of VEGFR and PDGFR-α/-β in 187 canine nasal carcinomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1041-1050. [PMID: 27278115 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents the standard of care for intranasal carcinomas. Responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been reported but data on expression of target receptor tyrosine kinases (rTKs) is limited. This study characterizes the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and PDGFR-β in canine intranasal carcinomas. Histological samples from 187 dogs were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry was performed using commercially available antibodies. Expression of rTKs was classified into weak, moderate or intense and additionally recorded as cytoplasmic, membranous, cytoplasmic-membranous, nuclear or stromal. VEGFR was expressed in 158 dogs with predominantly moderate expression (36.9%) and a cytoplasmic-membranous expression pattern (70.9%). PDGFR-α was detected in 133 with predominantly weak expression (57.9%) and cytoplasmic pattern (87.9%). PDGFR-β was identified in 74 patients with a predominantly moderate expression (17.6%) and cytoplasmic expression pattern (63.5%). Co-expression of rTKs was common. These results confirm expression of VEGFR, PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β in canine intranasal carcinomas and support the utility of TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gramer
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - D Killick
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - T Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - D Chandry
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - M Marrington
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - L Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
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Li W, Guo M, Liu Y, Mu W, Deng G, Li C, Qiu C. Selenium Induces an Anti-tumor Effect Via Inhibiting Intratumoral Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Transplanted Canine Mammary Tumor Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:371-379. [PMID: 26507439 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been widely reported to possess anti-tumor effects. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels and is required to supply oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors for tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. To explore whether the anti-tumor effect of Se was associated with angiogenesis in vivo, we studied the effects of sodium selenite (Sel) and methylseleninic acid (MSA) on tumors induced by canine mammary tumor cells (CMT1211) in mice; cyclophosphamide (CTX) served as a positive control. The results showed that the Se content was significantly increased in the Sel and MSA groups. Se significantly inhibited the tumor weights and volumes. Large necrotic areas and scattered and abnormal small necrotic areas were observed in the Se treatment group. Immunofluorescence double staining showed a reduction in the microvessel density (MVD) and increment in the vessel maturation index (VMI) compared with the untreated control group. As expected, the protein and mRNA levels of the angiogenesis factors angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were decreased in the Se-treated tumors by IHC, as shown by western blotting and RT-QPCR. We also found that organic Se MSA provided stronger inhibition of tumor growth compared with inorganic sodium selenite (Sel). Altogether, our results indicated that Se exerted anti-tumor effects in vivo at least partially by inhibiting angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengye Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
The unique properties of nucleic acid aptamers and their suitability to therapeutic applications have attracted the attention of researchers for more than 2 decades. Aptamers exhibit significant advantages relative to antibody-based therapeutics and can serve dual roles as either the therapeutic agent itself or a targeting modality. Despite this intense research interest, aptamers have been slow to reach the clinic, partly due to practical limitations that can be overcome by rational chemical modifications and ingenious aptamer selection approaches. This review highlights the latest efforts to use aptamers in therapeutic applications, the key properties of aptamers that can be exploited, the aptamers that are currently in clinical trials, as well as speculation on the future of aptamers in the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M C Mattice
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Schernberg A, Marabelle A, Massard C, Armand JP, Dumont S, Deutsch E, Dhermain F. [What's next in glioblastoma treatment: Tumor-targeted or immune-targeted therapies?]. Bull Cancer 2016; 103:484-98. [PMID: 27032303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a poor prognosis. This review will discuss different directions of treatment, mostly regarding immunotherapies and combinatorial approaches. DEVELOPMENT Standard treatment for newly diagnosed GBM is maximal and safe surgical resection followed by concurrent radiochemotherapy (RCT) based on temozolomide, allowing 14.6 months median survival. Nowadays, no combination with molecular-targeted therapy had significantly improved prognosis. Phases I and II data are emerging, highlighting the potential efficacy of associations with other therapies. Studies have suggested the potential of targeting tumor stem cells, at less partially responsible for resistance to RCT. There is now some evidence that immunotherapy is also relevant for brain tumors. Treatment strategies have mainly explored vaccines strategies, such as the dendritic cell, heat shock protein or EGFRvIII vaccines. Of the work initiated in melanoma, immune checkpoints inhibitors have exhibited stimulating results. Others trials have demonstrated potential of autologous stimulated lymphocytes. Moreover, strong data indicates that radiation therapy has the potential to promote immunogenicity and create a sort of in situ personalized vaccine. CONCLUSION These data provide strong evidence to support the potential of associating combinatorial targeted and/or immunotherapeutic regimens in patients with GBM that may change patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Schernberg
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département de radiothérapie, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département d'oncologie médicale, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département d'oncologie médicale, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Armand
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département d'oncologie médicale, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Sarah Dumont
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département d'oncologie médicale, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département de radiothérapie, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Dhermain
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, département de radiothérapie, 114, rue Édouard-Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Iussich S, Maniscalco L, Di Sciuva A, Iotti B, Morello E, Martano M, Gattino F, Buracco P, De Maria R. PDGFRs expression in dogs affected by malignant oral melanomas: correlation with prognosis. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:462-469. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - L. Maniscalco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - A. Di Sciuva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - B. Iotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - E. Morello
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - M. Martano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - F. Gattino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - P. Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - R. De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Turin; Turin Italy
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Liu R, Zheng H, Li W, Guo Q, He S, Hirasaki Y, Hou W, Hua B, Li C, Bao Y, Gao Y, Qi X, Pei Y, Zhang Y. Anti-tumor enhancement of Fei-Liu-Ping ointment in combination with celecoxib via cyclooxygenase-2-mediated lung metastatic inflammatory microenvironment in Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft mouse model. J Transl Med 2015; 13:366. [PMID: 26597177 PMCID: PMC4656184 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fei-Liu-Ping (FLP) ointment is an oral prescription medication that has been widely applied to treat lung cancer patients in China. Regulation of the metastatic microenvironment is an important therapeutic approach for prevention and treatment of tumor recurrence and metastasis. The advantage of Traditional Chinese Medicine management of lung cancer lies in the prevention of recurrence and metastasis. Our previous study has demonstrated that FLP ointment could regulate lung inflammatory microenvironment in vitro. However, the effects of FLP on the tumor microenvironment in vivo are still poorly understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of FLP alone or in combination with celecoxib in the prevention of lung cancer progression by Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 mediated tumor inflammatory microenvironment in vivo. Methods 120 Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft mice were divided equally into four groups: vehicle, FLP, celecoxib, and FLP plus celecoxib. The dynamic growth of the xenografted tumors was observed using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Mice were sacrificed on day 14, day 21, and day 28, and tumor specimens and lung tissues were harvested to detect the metastasis-associated protein expression. Results Tumor inhibition rate was 15.4, 44.2, 47.4 % at day 14, 37.3, 34.7, 61.5 % at day 21, and 15.5, 10.3, 32.5 % at day 28 after treatment of FLP, celecoxib, and FLP plus celecoxib, respectively. Upon treatment of FLP and celecoxib together, lung metastasis rate was 30 % (8 metastatic nodules) lower than other groups. FLP inhibited Cox-2 expression in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, FLP inhibited N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, and Vimentin expression. Treatment of FLP in combination with celecoxib was more effective than FLP or celecoxib alone in inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor receptors β, microsomal Prostaglandin E synthase-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and Vimentin expression, but increased E-cadherin expression. Conclusions FLP inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in a Lewis lung xenograft mice model through the Cox-2 pathway. FLP in combination with celecoxib enhanced the antitumor growth and anti-metastasis effects. Traditional Chinese herbs combined with anti-inflammatory drugs might offer a promising strategy to prevent tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Honggang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shulin He
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yoshiro Hirasaki
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Baojin Hua
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Conghuang Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yebo Gao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yingxia Pei
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Number 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China. .,Cancer Institute, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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WU ZHONG, LIU JUNJIAN, WANG JIANGUANG, ZHANG FAN. SOX18 knockdown suppresses the proliferation and metastasis, and induces the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:497-504. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chen PH, Unger V, He X. Structure of Full-Length Human PDGFRβ Bound to Its Activating Ligand PDGF-B as Determined by Negative-Stain Electron Microscopy. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3921-34. [PMID: 26463591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Members of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate important cellular functions such as cell growth and migration, which are key steps in angiogenesis, in organ morphogenesis and in the unregulated states, cancer formation. One long-standing puzzle regarding RTKs centers on how the extracellular domain (ECD), which detects and binds to growth factors, is coupled with the intracellular domain kinase activation. While extensive structural works on the soluble portions of RTKs have provided critical insights into RTK structures and functions, lack of a full-length receptor structure has hindered a comprehensive overview of RTK activation. In this study, we successfully purified and determined a 27-Å-resolution structure of PDGFRβ [a full-length human platelet-derived growth factor receptor], in complex with its ligand PDGF-B. In the ligand-stimulated complex, two PDGFRβs assemble into a dimer via an extensive interface essentially running along the full-length of the receptor, suggesting that the membrane-proximal region, the transmembrane helix and the kinase domain of PDGFRβ are involved in dimerization. Major structural differences are seen between the full-length and soluble ECD structures, rationalizing previous experimental data on how membrane-proximal domains modulate receptor ligand-binding affinity and dimerization efficiency. Also, in contrast to the 2-fold symmetry of the ECD, the intracellular kinase domains adopt an asymmetric dimer arrangement, in agreement with prior observations for the closely related KIT receptor. In essence, the structure provides a first glimpse into how platelet-derived growth factor receptor ECD, upon ligand stimulation, is coupled to its intracellular domain kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Vinzenz Unger
- Interdepartmental Biological Science Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Chemistry of Life Science Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xiaolin He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Thompson JJ, Morrison JA, Pearl DL, Boston SE, Wood GA, Foster RA, Coomber BL. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Expression Profiles in Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:545-58. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815610388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) KIT is a major focus of current research into canine mast cell tumors (MCTs). Little is known about the role of other RTKs, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs). These RTKs are dysregulated in many human and animal cancers and are key regulators of tumor angiogenesis. The aims of this study were to assess the expression and activation (phosphorylation) status of KIT, VEGFR2, and PDGFR (α and β) in canine MCTs and to examine associations with various clinical outcomes. c- KIT mutational status and KIT cellular localization pattern were also evaluated for these tumors. Twenty-seven MCTs, consisting of 5 subcutaneous and 22 cutaneous tumors, from 25 dogs were evaluated. MCT biopsies, cultured mast cells, and skin from the surgical margin were analyzed through Western blotting. MCT biopsies were also used for KIT immunohistochemical labeling and polymerase chain reaction for c- KIT mutational analysis. MCT had heterogeneous expression profiles for all 3 RTKs, which varied in intensity and activation status. Statistical analyses showed phosphorylated KIT, VEGFR2, and KIT cellular localization to be predictive of decreased survival time, disease-free interval, and increased metastatic rate. Expression of VEGFR2 and KIT diffuse cytoplasmic labeling were also significantly associated with increased rate of local recurrence. The results of the study show that phosphorylated KIT, KIT, VEGFR2, and PDGFRβ, in addition to KIT localization, may be valuable prognostic determinants in MCTs and should be further studied to improve diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Thompson
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - J. A. Morrison
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - D. L. Pearl
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - S. E. Boston
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G. A. Wood
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - R. A. Foster
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - B. L. Coomber
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
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Novel endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1177-90. [PMID: 26364800 PMCID: PMC4648174 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature is essential for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. It also plays critical roles in diseases such as cancer and retinopathy. A delicate balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors ensures normal physiological homeostasis. Endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors are proteins or protein fragments that are formed in the body and have the ability to limit angiogenesis. Many endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors have been discovered, and the list continues to grow. Endogenous protein/peptide inhibitors are relatively less toxic, better tolerated and have a lower risk of drug resistance, which makes them attractive as drug candidates. In this review, we highlight ten novel endogenous protein angiogenesis inhibitors discovered within the last five years, including ISM1, FKBPL, CHIP, ARHGAP18, MMRN2, SOCS3, TAp73, ZNF24, GPR56 and JWA. Although some of these proteins have been well characterized for other biological functions, we focus on their new and specific roles in angiogenesis inhibition and discuss their potential for therapeutic application.
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Reid TE, Fortunak JM, Wutoh A, Simon Wang X. Cheminfomatic-based Drug Discovery of Human Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2015; 16:1452-62. [PMID: 26369823 DOI: 10.2174/1568026615666150915120814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) are essential components for regulating cell-cell signaling and communication events in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival and metabolism. Deregulation of RTKs and their associated signaling pathways can lead to a wide variety of human diseases such as immunodeficiency, diabetes, arterosclerosis, psoriasis and cancer. Thus RTKs have become one of the most important drug targets families in recent decade. Pharmaceutical companies have dedicated their research efforts towards the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of RTKs, many of which had been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) or are currently in clinical trials. The great successes in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of RTKs are largely attributed to the use of modern cheminformatic approaches to identifying lead scaffolds. Those include the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, as well as the structure-, and ligand-based pharmacophore modeling techniques in this case. Herein we inspected the literature thoroughly in an effort to conduct a comparative analysis of major findings regarding the essential structure-activity relationships (SARs)/pharmacophore features of known active RTK inhibitors, most of which were collected from cheminformatic modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiang Simon Wang
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery Core Laboratory for District of Columbia Center for AIDS Research (DC CFAR), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, USA.
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Murakami H, Ikeda M, Okusaka T, Inaba Y, Iguchi H, Yagawa K, Yamamoto N. A Phase I study of MEDI-575, a PDGFRα monoclonal antibody, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26223436 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MEDI-575 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα). This open-label Phase I study assessed the safety and tolerability of MEDI-575 in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. METHODS The study comprised two parts: Part A, dose escalation; Part B, dose expansion in patients with hepatocellular cancer. In Part A, patients were enrolled into three cohorts: MEDI-575 was administered intravenously over a 21-day treatment cycle at doses of 9 and 15 mg/kg/week (cohorts 1, 2) and 35 mg/kg/3-weekly (cohort 3). In Part B, MEDI-575 25 mg/kg/3-weekly was administered. Secondary measures included assessment of the maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and anti-tumor activity. RESULTS Ten and 12 patients were treated in Parts A and B, respectively. There were no dose-limiting toxicities; the maximum tolerated dose was not determined. Common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue (30%) and decreased appetite (20%) in Part A and decreased appetite (33.3%) in Part B. All treatment-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity. No patients discontinued MEDI-575 because of an adverse event and there were no patient deaths due to adverse events. MEDI-575 binding with PDGFRα resulted in a dose-dependent increase in PDGF-AA ligand, with plateau levels observed within 2 days and sustained during the dosing interval. None of the patients in Part A or B experienced complete or partial responses to treatment. CONCLUSIONS MEDI-575 once weekly and 3-weekly was well tolerated with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01102400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyasu Murakami
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumicho Sunto-Gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan,
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