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Fu S, Ke H, Yuan H, Xu H, Chen W, Zhao L. Dual role of pregnancy in breast cancer risk. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 352:114501. [PMID: 38527592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive history is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer in women. Pregnancy can promote short-term breast cancer risk, but also reduce a woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer. Changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy are one of the key factors in breast cancer risk. This article summarizes the changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy, and the roles of hormones in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. Other factors, such as changes in breast morphology and mammary gland differentiation, changes in the proportion of mammary stem cells (MaSCs), changes in the immune and inflammatory environment, and changes in lactation before and after pregnancy, also play key roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. This review discusses the dual effects and the potential mechanisms of pregnancy on breast cancer risk from the above aspects, which is helpful to understand the complexity of female breast cancer occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiting Fu
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | | | - Huaimeng Xu
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang 330009, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang 330031, China.
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2
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Rajoria B, Zhang X, Yee D. IGF-1 Stimulates Glycolytic ATP Production in MCF-7L Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10209. [PMID: 37373357 PMCID: PMC10299323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) system in breast cancer progression has been a matter of interest for decades, but targeting this system did not result in a successful clinical strategy. The system's complexity and homology of its two receptors-insulin receptor (IR) and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R)-are possible causes. The IGF system maintains cell proliferation and also regulates metabolism, making it a pathway to explore. To understand the metabolic phenotype of breast cancer cells, we quantified their real-time ATP production rate upon acute stimulation with ligands-insulin-like growth factor 1 (1GF-1) and insulin. MCF-7L cells express both IGF-1R and IR, while tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7L (MCF-7L TamR) cells have downregulated IGF-1R with unchanged IR levels. Treating MCF-7L cells with 5 nM IGF-1 increased the glycolytic ATP production rate, while 10 nM insulin did not affect metabolism when compared with the control. Neither treatment altered ATP production in MCF-7L TamR cells. This study provides evidence of the relationship between metabolic dysfunction, cancer, and the IGF axis. In these cells, IGF-1R, and not IR, regulates ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Rajoria
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Xihong Zhang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Douglas Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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3
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Oguz SH, Firlatan B, Sendur SN, Dagdelen S, Erbas T. Follow, consider, and catch: second primary tumors in acromegaly patients. Endocrine 2023; 80:160-173. [PMID: 36517649 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The risk of second primary tumors is increased in general cancer population, however, there is no data on acromegalic cancer patients in this regard. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of patients with two primary tumors among acromegalic cancer patients and to evaluate if patients with two primaries have distinct clinical characteristics or risk factors compared to those with one. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective cohort study. The study included 63 patients with at least one malignant tumor out of a total number of 394 acromegaly patients. Patients with multiple primary neoplasms were evaluated in detail. RESULTS This study revealed a 16% cancer prevalence in acromegaly patients, with 14% (9/63) having two primary neoplasms. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most prevalent tumor in the entire cancer cohort (41%, 26/63), and in the group of patients with two primaries (44%, 4/9). Patients with two primary tumors were older than those with one when diagnosed with acromegaly (48.3 ± 16.6 vs. 43.3 ± 10.7 years), which might be attributed to a longer diagnostic delay (median of 4.5 vs. 2 years). The period between the onset of acromegaly symptoms and diagnosis was not associated with earlier cancer diagnosis. No relationship between circulating GH or IGF-I levels and the number of neoplasms was found. CONCLUSION The development of second primary tumors in acromegalic patients with cancer diagnosis is not rare. Acromegalic cancer patients should be closely monitored for new symptoms or signs that could be associated with second primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Hanife Oguz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Busra Firlatan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Nahit Sendur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Dagdelen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tomris Erbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Leal-Orta E, Ramirez-Ricardo J, Garcia-Hernandez A, Cortes-Reynosa P, Salazar EP. Extracellular vesicles from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells stimulated with insulin-like growth factor 1 mediate an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:531-546. [PMID: 34309795 PMCID: PMC9733745 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in function and development of the mammary gland. However, high levels of IGF-1 has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer development. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process where epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype, which is considered one of the most important mechanisms in cancer initiation and promotion of metastasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released into the extracellular space by different cell types, which mediate intercellular communication and play an important role in different physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that EVs from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells stimulated with IGF-1 (IGF-1 EVs) decrease the levels of E-cadherin, increase the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin and stimulate the secretion of metalloproteinase-9 in mammary non-tumorigenic epithelial cells MCF10A. IGF-1 EVs also induce the expression of Snail1, Twist1 and Sip1, which are transcription factors involved in EMT. Moreover, IGF-1 EVs induce activation of ERK1/2, Akt1 and Akt2, migration and invasion. In summary, we demonstrate, for the first time, that IGF-1 EVs induce an EMT process in mammary non-tumorigenic epithelial cells MCF10A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Leal-Orta
- grid.512574.0Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pedro Cortes-Reynosa
- grid.512574.0Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Perez Salazar
- grid.512574.0Departamento de Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Maiseyeu I, Güresir Á, Vatter H, Herrlinger U, Becker A, Wach J, Güresir E. Preoperative Risk Stratification of Increased MIB-1 Labeling Index in Pituitary Adenoma: A Newly Proposed Prognostic Scoring System. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237151. [PMID: 36498723 PMCID: PMC9738462 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The MIB-1 index is an important risk factor for progression-free survival (PFS) in pituitary adenoma (PA). Preoperatively, the MIB-1 index is not available in the decision-making process. A preoperative method regarding MIB-1 index estimation in PA has not been evaluated so far. Between 2011 and 2021, 109 patients with tumor morphology data, MIB-1 index data, and inflammatory and pituitary hormone laboratory values underwent surgery for PA. An MIB-1 index cutoff point (≥4/<4%) determines the probability of PFS in completely resected PA. An elevated MIB-1 index (≥4%) was present in 32 cases (29.4%) and was significantly associated with increased IGF-1, age ≤ 60, increased ACTH, and increased fibrinogen levels in the multivariable analysis. A scoring system (“FATE”) using preoperative IGF-1, age, ACTH, and plasma fibrinogen level enables the estimation of the MIB-1 index (sensitivity 72%, specificity 68%). The FATE score is also significantly associated with the time to PA progression after the complete resection of the PA. We propose the FATE score to preoperatively estimate the risk of an elevated MIB-1 index (≥4%), which might enable tailoring to medical decision-making, and follow-up interval scheduling, as well as inform future studies analyzing proliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Maiseyeu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-287-16521
| | - Ági Güresir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hartmut Vatter
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Herrlinger
- Division of Clinical Neurooncology, Department of Neurology and Centre of Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Wach
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Erdem Güresir
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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6
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Wang C, Liu D, Cui Y, Zhao L, Chen Z, Liu F, Zhang R, Zou J. Determination of Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) in Serum by a Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- School of Medical Instrument, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daoxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Cui
- School of Medical Instrument, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lizhe Zhao
- Beijing Jianpingjinxing Biotech, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Beijing Jianpingjinxing Biotech, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Zhu B, Qu S. The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Cancers and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:800995. [PMID: 35222270 PMCID: PMC8873103 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.800995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest associations between diabetes mellitus and some cancers. The risk of a number of cancers appears to be increased in diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, some cancer and cancer therapies could lead to diabetes mellitus. Genetic factors, obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, cancer therapies, insulin and some oral hypoglycemic drugs appear to play a role in the crosstalk between diabetes mellitus and cancers. This review summarized the associations between various types of diabetes and cancers and updated available evidence of underlying mechanisms between diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Synthesis of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers hybridized with DDAB cationic lipid as the efficient nanocarriers for in vitro delivery of lycopene into MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Lv J, Liu C, Chen FK, Feng ZP, Jia L, Liu PJ, Yang ZX, Hou F, Deng ZY. M2‑like tumour‑associated macrophage‑secreted IGF promotes thyroid cancer stemness and metastasis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:604. [PMID: 34184083 PMCID: PMC8258465 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
M2‑like tumour‑associated macrophages (TAMs) have been demonstrated to promote the growth of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). However, the underlying mechanism of M2‑like TAMs in ATC remains unclear. Thus, in the present study, the role and mechanism of M2‑like TAMs in ATC were investigated. M2‑like TAMs were induced by treatment with PMA, plus IL‑4 and IL‑13, and identified by flow cytometry. Transwell and sphere formation assays were applied to assess the invasion and stemness of ATC cells. The expression levels of insulin‑like growth factor (IGF)‑1 and IGF‑2 were examined by ELISA and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Proteins related to the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were examined via western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of the M2‑like TAM markers CD68 and CD206 in ATC tissues and thyroid adenoma tissues. It was found that treatment with PMA plus IL‑4 and IL‑13 successfully induced M2‑like TAMs. Following co‑culture with M2‑like TAMs, the invasive ability and stemness of ATC cells were significantly increased. The expression levels of the EMT‑related markers N‑cadherin and Vimentin, the stemness‑related markers Oct4, Sox2 and CD133, and the insulin receptor (IR)‑A/IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) were markedly upregulated, whereas E‑cadherin expression was significantly decreased. In addition, the production of IGF‑1 and IGF‑2 was significantly increased. Of note, exogenous IGF‑1/IGF‑2 promoted the invasion and stemness of C643 cells, whereas blocking IGF‑1 and IGF‑2 inhibited metastasis and stemness by repressing IR‑A/IGF‑1R‑mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling in the co‑culture system. IHC results showed that the expression of CD68 and CD206 was obviously increased in ATC tissues. To conclude, M2‑like TAMs accelerated the metastasis and increased the stemness of ATC cells, and the underlying mechanism may be related to the section of IGF by M2‑like TAMs, which activates the IR‑A/IGF1R‑mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Kun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Li Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Jie Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fei Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Deng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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Fernandez CJ, George AS, Subrahmanyan NA, Pappachan JM. Epidemiological link between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. World J Methodol 2021; 11:23-45. [PMID: 34026577 PMCID: PMC8127420 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v11.i3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists a complex interaction between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, and an increase in the incidence of cancer is expected with the growing obesity-diabetes pandemic. The association of cancer with diabetes mellitus and obesity appears to be site-specific, the highest risk being for post-menopausal breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and colorectal cancer. Moreover, there is worsening of hyperglycaemia with the onset of cancer, evidencing a bi-directional link between cancer and diabetes mellitus and the need for monitoring for diabetes in cancer survivors. In this review, we look at the epidemiological evidence from observational studies and Mendelian randomization studies linking obesity, diabetes, and cancer, as well as the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved, including insulin resistance with associated hyperinsulinaemia, the effect of chronic low-grade inflammation, and the effect of various adipokines that are associated with obesity and T2DM. Additionally, we describe the novel therapeutic strategies, based on their role on the discrete pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius J Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston PE21 9QS, United Kingdom
| | - Annu Susan George
- Department of Medical Oncology, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Cochin 682040, India
| | | | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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11
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Zorzetti N, D'Andrea V, Lauro A. Proteomic biomarkers in short bowel syndrome : are we ready to use them in clinical activity? Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:285-293. [PMID: 33910424 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1924063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a clinical condition that can affect childhood and adult patients. Biomarker research is expected to be a new frontier in the clinical application, helpful for patients and health-care systems.Areas covered: SBS is usually a consequence of a massive intestinal resection that leads to an intestinal failure because of the reduction of absorptive surface, bacterial overgrowth, and faster intestinal transit. This new condition requires a multidisciplinary expertise to achieve again digestive autonomy. Parental nutrition (PN) supports nutritional status in SBS patients while the new guidelines on intestinal transplantation confirm its strict indication only for patients at actual risk of death on PN. A PubMed literature review from the 1980s up to date was performed, highlighting proteomic biomarkers and growth factor therapies that have shown so far promising results in SBS patients.Expert opinion: Apart from a few specific biomarkers and growth factors, the discovery of specific molecular events is currently under investigation of the proteomic analysis and could potentially represent fundamental, future changes in prevention, diagnosis, therapeutic management, and experimental practices in SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Zorzetti
- Department of General Surgery, "Ospedale Civile Umberto I", Lugo, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Vito D'Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Lauro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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12
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Rahman I, Athar MT, Islam M. Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer Share Some Common and Critical Pathways. Front Oncol 2021; 10:600824. [PMID: 33552973 PMCID: PMC7855858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and cancer are among the most frequent and complex diseases. Epidemiological evidence showed that the patients suffering from diabetes are significantly at higher risk for a number of cancer types. There are a number of evidence that support the hypothesis that these diseases are interlinked, and obesity may aggravate the risk(s) of type 2 diabetes and cancer. Multi-level unwanted alterations such as (epi-)genetic alterations, changes at the transcriptional level, and altered signaling pathways (receptor, cytoplasmic, and nuclear level) are the major source which promotes a number of complex diseases and such heterogeneous level of complexities are considered as the major barrier in the development of therapeutic agents. With so many known challenges, it is critical to understand the relationships and the commonly shared causes between type 2 diabetes and cancer, which is difficult to unravel and understand. Furthermore, the real complexity arises from contended corroborations that specific drug(s) (individually or in combination) during the treatment of type 2 diabetes may increase or decrease the cancer risk or affect cancer prognosis. In this review article, we have presented the recent and most updated evidence from the studies where the origin, biological background, the correlation between them have been presented or proved. Furthermore, we have summarized the methodological challenges and tasks that are frequently encountered. We have also outlined the physiological links between type 2 diabetes and cancers. Finally, we have presented and summarized the outline of the hallmarks for both these diseases, diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Rahman
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tanwir Athar
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mozaffarul Islam
- Scientific Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Biello F, Platini F, D’Avanzo F, Cattrini C, Mennitto A, Genestroni S, Martini V, Marzullo P, Aimaretti G, Gennari A. Insulin/IGF Axis in Breast Cancer: Clinical Evidence and Translational Insights. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010125. [PMID: 33477996 PMCID: PMC7835955 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women. Many clinical and preclinical studies investigated the possible relationship between host metabolism and BC. Significant differences among BC subtypes have been reported for glucose metabolism. Insulin can promote tumorigenesis through a direct effect on epithelial tissues or indirectly by affecting the levels of other modulators, such as the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of receptors, sex hormones, and adipokines. The potential anti-cancer activity of metformin is based on two principal effects: first, its capacity for lowering circulating insulin levels with indirect endocrine effects that may impact on tumor cell proliferation; second, its direct influence on many pro-cancer signaling pathways that are key drivers of BC aggressiveness. Methods: In the present review, the interaction between BC, host metabolism, and patients’ prognosis has been reviewed across available literature evidence. Conclusions: Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance are all involved in BC growth and could have a relevant impact on prognosis. All these factors act through a pro-inflammatory state, mediated by cytokines originated in fat tissue, and seem to be related to a higher risk of BC development and worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Biello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.M.); (G.A.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Platini
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.P.); (F.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca D’Avanzo
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.P.); (F.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Carlo Cattrini
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.P.); (F.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Alessia Mennitto
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.P.); (F.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Silvia Genestroni
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.P.); (F.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronica Martini
- Division of Oncology, University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.P.); (F.D.); (C.C.); (A.M.); (S.G.); (V.M.)
- Lab of Immuno-Oncology, CAAD, Center of Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.M.); (G.A.); (A.G.)
- Division of General Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, 28921 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.M.); (G.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Gennari
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (P.M.); (G.A.); (A.G.)
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14
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Alan O, Akin Telli T, Aktas B, Koca S, Ökten IN, Hasanov R, Basoglu T, Arikan R, Demircan NC, Ercelep O, Kaya S, Ugurlu MU, Kaya H, Akgul Babacan N, Dane F, Yumuk PF. Is insulin resistance a predictor for complete response in breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment? World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:242. [PMID: 32907593 PMCID: PMC7488234 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-02019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard front-line treatment modality in locally advanced breast cancer. Achieving pathological complete response (pCR) is a significant prognostic factor for prolonged disease-free and overall survival. Insulin resistance is defined as a pathological condition in which insulin effect is impaired in peripheral target tissues such as the skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The relationship between breast cancer and insulin resistance is controversial. In this study, our aim is to evaluate the role of insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), metabolic syndrome, and inflammation markers to predict complete response in breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment. METHODS Data from 55 locally advanced non-diabetic breast cancer patients, treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2015 and 2017, were retrospectively evaluated. Homeostatic model assessment, IR = insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated by using the obtained insulin and fasting blood glucose values before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (fasting insulin × fasting glucose/405). We considered a cut-off of 2.5 for insulin resistance. The systemic inflammatory index (SII), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. RESULTS Twenty-five patients had no insulin resistance. The most common pathologic subtype (56%) was hormone receptor (HR) positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2)-negative invasive ductal carcinoma. Sixteen (29%) patients had a pathological complete response (pCR). We found that the probability of pCR in patients with insulin resistance was 4.7 times lower than that in patients without insulin resistance [OR: 4.7 (95%CI 1.7-17.2), p = 0.01]. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that insulin resistance may have a negative effect on pathological complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant therapy particularly with hormone-positive and Her-2-negative cases of non-diabetic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Alan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Akin Telli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Aktas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Koca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilker Nihat Ökten
- Division of Medical Oncology, Medeniyet University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rahib Hasanov
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugba Basoglu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Arikan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazim Can Demircan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ercelep
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Kaya
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Umit Ugurlu
- Department of General Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Kaya
- Department of Pathology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nalan Akgul Babacan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faysal Dane
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perran Fulden Yumuk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah, Muhsin Yazicioglu C, No 10, Ust Kaynarca, 34890, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kaumaya PTP. B-cell epitope peptide cancer vaccines: a new paradigm for combination immunotherapies with novel checkpoint peptide vaccine. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1767-1791. [PMID: 32564612 PMCID: PMC7426751 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the numerous US FDA-approved humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cancer immunotherapy, it is surprising that the advancement of B-cell epitope vaccines designed to elicit a natural humoral polyclonal antibody response has not gained traction in the immune-oncology landscape. Passive immunotherapy with humanized mAbs (Trastuzumab [Herceptin®]; Pertuzumab [Perjeta®]) has provided clinical benefit to breast cancer patients, albeit with significant shortcomings including toxicity problems and resistance, high costs, sophisticated therapeutic regimen and long half-life. The role of B-cell humoral immunity in cancer is under appreciated and underdeveloped. We have advanced the idea of active immunotherapy with chimeric B-cell epitope peptides incorporating a 'promiscuous' T-cell epitope that elicits a polyclonal antibody response, which provides safe, cost-effective therapeutic advantage over mAbs. We have created a portfolio of validated B-cell peptide epitopes against multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (HER-1, HER-3, IGF-1R and VEGF). We have successfully translated two HER-2 combination B-cell peptide vaccines in Phase I and II clinical trials. We have recently developed an effective novel PD-1 vaccine. In this article, I will review our approaches and strategies that focus on B-cell epitope cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin TP Kaumaya
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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16
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Gieseler F, Ender F. Extracellular Vesicles and Cell-Cell Communication: New Insights and New Therapeutic Strategies Not Only in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124331. [PMID: 32570703 PMCID: PMC7352511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Chen YM, Qi S, Perrino S, Hashimoto M, Brodt P. Targeting the IGF-Axis for Cancer Therapy: Development and Validation of an IGF-Trap as a Potential Drug. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051098. [PMID: 32365498 PMCID: PMC7290707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis was implicated in cancer progression and identified as a clinically important therapeutic target. Several IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) targeting drugs including humanized monoclonal antibodies have advanced to phase II/III clinical trials, but to date, have not progressed to clinical use, due, at least in part, to interference with insulin receptor signaling and compensatory signaling by the insulin receptor (IR) isoform A that can bind IGF-II and initiate mitogenic signaling. Here we briefly review the current state of IGF-targeting biologicals, discuss some factors that may be responsible for their poor performance in the clinic and outline the stepwise bioengineering and validation of an IGF-Trap—a novel anti-cancer therapeutic that could bypass these limitations. The IGF-Trap is a heterotetramer, consisting of the entire extracellular domain of the IGF-IR fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1. It binds human IGF-I and IGF-II with a three-log higher affinity than insulin and could inhibit IGF-IR driven cellular functions such as survival, proliferation and invasion in multiple carcinoma cell models in vitro. In vivo, the IGF-Trap has favorable pharmacokinetic properties and could markedly reduce metastatic outgrowth of colon and lung carcinoma cells in the liver, outperforming IGF-IR and ligand-binding monoclonal antibodies. Moreover, IGF-Trap dose-response profiles correlate with their bio-availability profiles, as measured by the IGF kinase receptor-activation (KIRA) assay, providing a novel, surrogate biomarker for drug efficacy. Our studies identify the IGF-Trap as a potent, safe, anti-cancer therapeutic that could overcome some of the obstacles encountered by IGF-targeting biologicals that have already been evaluated in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhsuan Michely Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shu Qi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Perrino
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Masakazu Hashimoto
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-934-1934
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18
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Gunebakan E, Yalcin E, Cikler Dulger E, Yigitbasi A, Ates N, Caglayan A, Beker MC, Sahin K, Korkaya H, Kilic E. Short-Term Diet Restriction but Not Alternate Day Fasting Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8020023. [PMID: 32028692 PMCID: PMC7168297 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is one of the most preferred platinum-containing antineoplastic drugs. However, even in nontoxic plasma concentrations, it may cause kidney injury. To be able to increase its effective pharmacological dose, its side effects need to be regarded. Diet restriction (DR) has been demonstrated to improve cellular survival in a number of disorders. In this context, we investigated the role of DR in CP-induced nephrotoxicity (CPN). Besides alternate DR, animals were exposed to DR for 3 days prior or after CP treatment. Here, we observed that both 3 days of DR reverses the nephrotoxic effect of CP, which was associated with improved physiological outcomes, such as serum creatine, blood-urea nitrogen and urea. These treatments significantly increased phosphorylation of survival kinases PI3K/Akt and ERK-1/2 and decreased the level of stress kinase JNK were noted. In addition, the activation level of signal transduction mediator p38 MAPK phosphorylation was higher particularly in both three-day DR groups. Next, animals were fed with carbohydrate-, protein- or fat-enriched diets in the presence of CP. Results indicated that not only fasting but also dietary content itself may play a determinant role in the severity of CPN. Our data suggest that DR is a promising approach to reduce CPN by regulating metabolism and cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrin Gunebakan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.Y.); (A.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Esra Yalcin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.Y.); (A.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Esra Cikler Dulger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hamidiye Medical School, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey;
| | - Ahmet Yigitbasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey;
| | - Nilay Ates
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey;
| | - Aysun Caglayan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.Y.); (A.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Mustafa C. Beker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.Y.); (A.C.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Animal Nutrition Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey; (E.G.); (E.Y.); (A.C.); (M.C.B.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +90-216-681-5344; Fax: +90-212-531-7555
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19
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Zhang J, Yu Z, You G. Insulin-like growth factor 1 modulates the phosphorylation, expression, and activity of organic anion transporter 3 through protein kinase A signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:186-194. [PMID: 31993315 PMCID: PMC6977015 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3) plays a vital role in removing a broad variety of anionic drugs from kidney, thus avoiding their possible toxicity in the body. In the current study, we investigated the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the regulation of OAT3. We showed that IGF-1 induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in OAT3 transport activity, which correlated well with an increase in OAT3 expression. The IGF-1-induced increase in OAT3 expression was blocked by protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89. Moreover, IGF-1 induced an increase in OAT3 phosphorylation, which was also blocked by H89. These data suggest that the IGF-1 modulation of OAT3 occurred through PKA signaling pathway. To further confirm the involvement of PKA, we treated OAT3-expressing cells with PKA activator Bt2-cAMP, followed by examining OAT activity and phosphorylation. We showed that OAT3 activity and phosphorylation were much enhanced in Bt2-cAMP-treated cells as compared to that in control cells. Finally, linsitinib, an anticancer drug that blocks the IGF-1 receptor, abrogated IGF-1-stimulated OAT3 transport activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that IGF-1 regulates OAT3 expression and transport activity through PKA signaling pathway, possibly by phosphorylating the transporter.
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20
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Di YZ, Han BS, Di JM, Liu WY, Tang Q. Role of the brain-gut axis in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1554-1570. [PMID: 31367615 PMCID: PMC6658366 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i13.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have largely focused on the significant role of the nervous and immune systems in the process of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. The brain-gut-axis is a new paradigm in neuroscience, which describes the biochemical signaling between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system. This axis may play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and development of GI cancers. Mechanistically, the bidirectional signal transmission of the brain-gut-axis is complex and remains to be elucidated. In this article, we review the current findings concerning the relationship between the brain-gut axis and GI cancer cells, focusing on the significant role of the brain-gut axis in the processes of tumor proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. It appears that the brain might modulate GI cancer by two pathways: the anatomical nerve pathway and the neuroendocrine route. The simulation and inactivation of the central nervous, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems, or changes in the innervation of the GI tract might contribute to a higher incidence of GI cancers. In addition, neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors can produce stimulatory or inhibitory effects in the progression of GI cancers. Insights into these mechanisms may lead to the discovery of potential prognostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zi Di
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo-Sheng Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun-Mao Di
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
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21
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Schramm HM. The Epithelial-Myeloid-Transition (EMyeT) of cancer cells as a wrongly perceived primary inflammatory process eventually progressing to a bone remodeling malignancy: the alternative pathway for Epithelial- Mesenchymal-Transition hypothesis (EMT)? J Cancer 2019; 10:3798-3809. [PMID: 31333797 PMCID: PMC6636288 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells express multiple markers expressed by mesenchymal as well as myeloid cells in common and in addition specific markers of the myeloid lineages, especially those of dendritic cells, macrophages and preosteoclasts. It has also been possible to identify monocyte-macrophage gene clusters in cancer cell specimens as well as in cancer cell lines. Accordingly, like myeloid cells cancer cells often express pro-inflammatory cytokines, and consequently the carcinoma may be perceived by the organism as a primary inflammatory process comparable to the immune inflammatory reactions in the eye or in the case of arthritis. This would explain why a carcinoma may induce a certain alarm state in the organism by increasing a fatal sympathetic tone in the patient, supplying the carcinomas with nutrients at the cost of other requirements, inducing tolerance against the cancer cells mistaken as myeloid cells, provoking fibrosis and neoangiogenesis, and increasing inflammatory cells at the carcinoma site. This seemingly inflammatory process of Epithelial-Myeloid-Transition (EMyeT) is superimposed by the progression of part of the myeloid cancer cells to stages comparable to preosteoclasts and osteoclasts, and their development to metastasizing carcinomas often at the site of bone. This concept of carcinogenesis and malignant progression described here challenges the widely accepted EMT-hypotheses and could deliver the rationale for the various peculiar aspects of cancer and the variety of therapeutic antitumoral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning M Schramm
- Institute for Integral Cancer Research (IFIK), CH-4144 Arlesheim/Switzerland
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22
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Kang C, LeRoith D, Gallagher EJ. Diabetes, Obesity, and Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3801-3812. [PMID: 30215698 PMCID: PMC6202853 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rates of obesity and diabetes are increasing worldwide, whereas the age of onset for both obesity and diabetes are decreasing steadily. Obesity and diabetes are associated with multiple factors that contribute to the increased risk of a number of different cancers, including breast cancer. These factors are hyperinsulinemia, elevated IGFs, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex signaling pathways underlying these multiple factors involved in the obesity/diabetes-breast cancer link, with a focus particularly on the roles of the insulin/IGF system and dyslipidemia in preclinical breast cancer models. We review some of the therapeutic strategies to target these metabolic derangements in cancer. Future research directions and potential therapeutic strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chifei Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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23
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Cignarelli A, Genchi VA, Caruso I, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Diabetes and cancer: Pathophysiological fundamentals of a 'dangerous affair'. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:378-388. [PMID: 29679627 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and cancer are worldwide chronic diseases with a major impact on the quality and expectancy of life. Metabolic abnormalities observed during the onset and progression of diabetes may have a critical role on the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. To date, there are no conclusive data on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between diabetes and any type of human cancer. However, recent evidence suggests that both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in diabetes could elicit cell damage responses, such as glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and oxidative stress, which participate in the cell transformation process raising the risk of cancer development. In addition, clinical trials have revealed that several anti-diabetes therapies may potentially affect the risk of cancer though largely undefined mechanisms. In this review, we highlight epidemiological and pathophysiological aspects of diabetes, which may influence cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Annamaria Genchi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Irene Caruso
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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24
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IGF-1 facilitates thrombopoiesis primarily through Akt activation. Blood 2018; 132:210-222. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-01-825927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
IGF-1 has the ability to promote megakaryocyte differentiation, PPF, and platelet release. The effect of IGF-1 on thrombopoiesis is mediated primarily by AKT activation with the assistance of SRC-3.
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25
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Akhoon BA, Rathor L, Pandey R. Withanolide A extends the lifespan in human EGFR-driven cancerous Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:113-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rayes RF, Milette S, Fernandez MC, Ham B, Wang N, Bourdeau F, Perrino S, Yakar S, Brodt P. Loss of neutrophil polarization in colon carcinoma liver metastases of mice with an inducible, liver-specific IGF-I deficiency. Oncotarget 2018; 9:15691-15704. [PMID: 29644002 PMCID: PMC5884657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of cancer metastases in the liver depends on a permissive interaction with the hepatic microenvironment and neutrophils can contribute to this interaction, either positively or negatively, depending on their phenotype. Here we investigated the role of IGF-I in the control of the tumor microenvironment in the liver, using mice with a conditional, liver-specific, IGF-I deficiency (iLID) induced by a single tamoxifen injection. In mice that had a sustained (3 weeks) IGF-I deficiency prior to the intrasplenic/portal inoculation of colon carcinoma MC-38 cells, we observed an increase in neutrophil accumulation in the liver relative to controls. However, unlike controls, these neutrophils did not acquire the (anti-inflammatory) tumor-promoting phenotype, as evidenced by retention of high ICAM-1 expression and nitric oxide production and low CXCR4, CCL5, and VEGF expression and arginase production, all characteristic of the (pro-inflammatory) phenotype. This coincided with an increase in apoptotic tumor cells and reduced metastasis. Neutrophils isolated from these mice also had reduced IGF-IR expression levels. These changes were not observed in iLID mice with a short-term (2 days) IGF-I depletion, despite a 70% reduction in their circulating IGF-I levels, indicating that a sustained IGF-I deficiency was necessary to alter the neutrophil phenotype. Similar results were obtained with the highly metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma subline H-59 cells and in mice injected with an IGF-Trap that blocks IGF-IR signaling by reducing ligand bioavailability. Our results implicate the IGF axis in neutrophil polarization and the induction of a pro-metastatic microenvironment in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F. Rayes
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Milette
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Celia Fernandez
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Boram Ham
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ni Wang
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Perrino
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University and the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Stimulatory actions of IGF-I are mediated by IGF-IR cross-talk with GPER and DDR1 in mesothelioma and lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:52710-52728. [PMID: 27384677 PMCID: PMC5288143 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) system has been largely involved in the pathogenesis and development of various tumors. We have previously demonstrated that IGF-IR cooperates with the G-protein estrogen receptor (GPER) and the collagen receptor discoidin domain 1 (DDR1) that are implicated in cancer progression. Here, we provide novel evidence regarding the molecular mechanisms through which IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling triggers a functional cross-talk with GPER and DDR1 in both mesothelioma and lung cancer cells. In particular, we show that IGF-I activates the transduction network mediated by IGF-IR leading to the up-regulation of GPER and its main target genes CTGF and EGR1 as well as the induction of DDR1 target genes like MATN-2, FBN-1, NOTCH 1 and HES-1. Of note, certain DDR1-mediated effects upon IGF-I stimulation required both IGF-IR and GPER as determined knocking-down the expression of these receptors. The aforementioned findings were nicely recapitulated in important biological outcomes like IGF-I promoted chemotaxis and migration of both mesothelioma and lung cancer cells. Overall, our data suggest that IGF-I/IGF-IR system triggers stimulatory actions through both GPER and DDR1 in aggressive tumors as mesothelioma and lung tumors. Hence, this novel signaling pathway may represent a further target in setting innovative anticancer strategies.
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28
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The crucial role of SRPK1 in IGF-1-induced EMT of human gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72157-72166. [PMID: 29069776 PMCID: PMC5641119 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) have been reported to be implicated in the pithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in many kinds of malignancies. However, the potential roles of IGF-1-SRPK1 signaling in the EMT of gastric cancer (GC) have not been investigated. In the present study, the in-vitro assays were used to investigate the molecular role of SRPK1 in cell cycle, motility and invasiveness. We demonstrated that the expressions of SRPK1 or insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) were significantly increased in GC tissues and cells than those in normal tissues and GES-1 cells, and closely associated with metastasis, stage and prognosis. Western blot analysis showed that IGF-1 treatment can induce the expression of p-AKT and EMT biomarkers (N-cadherin, MMP2 and Slug) in a dose-dependent fashion in MGC803 and BGC823 cells. On the other hand, the knockdown of SRPK1 attenuated IGF-1-induced increase of EMT biomarkers and p-AKT. Besides, in-vitro analysis showed that knockdown of SRPK1 induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, and affected cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, IGF-1-IGF1R pathway induced the expression of SRPK1 to control the progression of EMT via AKT pathway in the development of GC. Our findings lay a promising foundation for the IGF-1-IGF1R axis-targeting therapy in GC patients.
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29
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Subramani R, Nandy SB, Pedroza DA, Lakshmanaswamy R. Role of Growth Hormone in Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1543-1555. [PMID: 28379395 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women. Approximately two-thirds of all breast cancers diagnosed are classified as hormone dependent, which indicates that hormones are the key factors that drive the growth of these breast cancers. Ovarian and pituitary hormones play a major role in the growth and development of normal mammary glands and breast cancer. In particular, the effect of the ovarian hormone estrogen has received much attention in regard to breast cancer. Pituitary hormones prolactin and growth hormone have also been associated with breast cancer. Although the role of these pituitary hormones in breast cancers has been studied, it has not been investigated extensively. In this review, we attempt to compile basic information from most of the currently available literature to understand and demonstrate the significance of growth hormone in breast cancer. Based on the available literature, it is clear that growth hormone plays a significant role in the development, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer by influencing tumor angiogenesis, stemness, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Sushmita B Nandy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Diego A Pedroza
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences MSB1, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas 79905
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79905
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30
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Weiss L, Melchardt T, Egle A, Hopfinger G, Hackl H, Greil R, Barth J, Rummel M. Influence of body mass index on survival in indolent and mantle cell lymphomas: analysis of the StiL NHL1 trial. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:1155-1162. [PMID: 28456850 PMCID: PMC5486799 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a well-known risk factor for the development of cancer, but its influence on the course of disease is still controversial. We investigated the influence of body mass index (BMI) on overall survival (OS) in 502 patients with indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or mantle cell lymphoma in a subgroup analysis of the StiL (Study Group Indolent Lymphomas) NHL1 trial. We defined a cut-off of 22.55 kg/m2 by ROC calculation and Youden Index analysis and stratified patients into “low BMI” and “high BMI”. Five-year OS was significantly longer in the high BMI group (82.2%) when compared to that of the low BMI group (66.2%) (HR 0.597; 95%CI 0.370–0.963; p = 0.034). BMI was also an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis (HR 0.541; 95%CI 0.332–0.883; p = 0.014). Of note, patients had a significantly lower BMI in the presence than patients in the absence of B-symptoms (p = 0.025). BMI significantly impacts on OS in indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, which may be influenced by the effect of B-symptoms on BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Weiss
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine III, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Melchardt
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine III, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Egle
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine III, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Hopfinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine III, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Juergen Barth
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Hospital of the Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mathias Rummel
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Hospital of the Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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31
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Matà R, Palladino C, Nicolosi ML, Lo Presti AR, Malaguarnera R, Ragusa M, Sciortino D, Morrione A, Maggiolini M, Vella V, Belfiore A. IGF-I induces upregulation of DDR1 collagen receptor in breast cancer cells by suppressing MIR-199a-5p through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7683-700. [PMID: 26655502 PMCID: PMC4884947 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen receptor tyrosine-kinase that contributes to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and enhances cancer progression. Our previous data indicate that, in breast cancer cells, DDR1 interacts with IGF-1R and positively modulates IGF-1R expression and biological responses, suggesting that the DDR1-IGF-IR cross-talk may play an important role in cancer. In this study, we set out to evaluate whether IGF-I stimulation may affect DDR1 expression. Indeed, in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) IGF-I induced significant increase of DDR1 protein expression, in a time and dose dependent manner. However, we did not observe parallel changes in DDR1 mRNA. DDR1 upregulation required the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway while the ERK1/2, the p70/mTOR and the PKC pathways were not involved. Moreover, we observed that DDR1 protein upregulation was induced by translational mechanisms involving miR-199a-5p suppression through PI3K/AKT activation. This effect was confirmed by both IGF-II produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts from human breast cancer and by stable transfection of breast cancer cells with a human IGF-II expression construct. Transfection with a constitutively active form of AKT was sufficient to decrease miR-199a-5p and upregulate DDR1. Accordingly, IGF-I-induced DDR1 upregulation was inhibited by transfection with pre-miR-199a-5p, which also impaired AKT activation and cell migration and proliferation in response to IGF-I. These results demonstrate that, in breast cancer cells, a novel pathway involving AKT/miR-199a-5p/DDR1 plays a role in modulating IGFs biological responses. Therefore, this signaling pathway may represent an important target for breast cancers with over-activation of the IGF-IR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Matà
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Palladino
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Lo Presti
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Biology, Genetics and BioInformatics Unit, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Sciortino
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- Motor Sciences, School of Human and Social Sciences, "Kore" University of Enna, Enna, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Bio-Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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32
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Caloric restriction - A promising anti-cancer approach: From molecular mechanisms to clinical trials. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1867:29-41. [PMID: 27871964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the morbidity is growing in developed countries. According to WHO, >14 million people per year are diagnosed with cancer and about 8 million die. Anti-cancer strategy includes chemo-, immune- and radiotherapy or their combination. Unfortunately, these widely used strategies often have insufficient efficacy and significant toxic effects on healthy cells. Consequently, the improvement of treatment approaches is an important goal. One of promising schemes to enhance the effect of therapy is the restriction of calorie intake or some nutrients. The combination of caloric restriction or its chemical mimetics along with anti-cancer drugs may suppress growth of tumor cells and enhance death of cancer cells. That will allow the dose of therapeutic drugs to be decreased and their toxic effects to be reduced. Here the possibility of using this combinatory therapy as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this approach will be discussed.
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33
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Shanmugalingam T, Bosco C, Ridley AJ, Van Hemelrijck M. Is there a role for IGF-1 in the development of second primary cancers? Cancer Med 2016; 5:3353-3367. [PMID: 27734632 PMCID: PMC5119990 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer survival rates are increasing, and as a result, more cancer survivors are exposed to the risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC). It has been hypothesized that one of the underlying mechanisms for this risk could be mediated by variations in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). This review summarizes the current epidemiological evidence to identify whether IGF-1 plays a role in the development of SPCs. IGF-1 is known to promote cancer development by inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating cell proliferation. Epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between circulating IGF-1 levels and various primary cancers, such as breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. The role of IGF-1 in increasing SPC risk has been explored less. Nonetheless, several experimental studies have observed a deregulation of the IGF-1 pathway, which may explain the association between IGF-1 and SPCs. Thus, measuring serum IGF-1 may serve as a useful marker in assessing the risk of SPCs, and therefore, more translational experimental and epidemiological studies are needed to further disentangle the role of IGF-1 in the development of specific SPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thurkaa Shanmugalingam
- Division of Cancer StudiesCancer Epidemiology GroupKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Bosco
- Division of Cancer StudiesCancer Epidemiology GroupKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular BiophysicsKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Division of Cancer StudiesCancer Epidemiology GroupKing's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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34
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Clinical studies in humans targeting the various components of the IGF system show lack of efficacy in the treatment of cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 772:105-122. [PMID: 28528684 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) system regulates cell growth, differentiation and energy metabolism and plays crucial role in the regulation of key aspects of tumor biology, such as cancer cell growth, survival, transformation and invasion. The current focus for cancer therapeutic approaches have shifted from the conventional treatments towards the targeted therapies and the IGF system has gained a great interest as anti-cancer therapy. The proliferative, anti-apoptotic and transformation effects of IGFs are mainly triggered by the ligation of the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR). Thus, aiming at developing novel and effective cancer therapies, different strategies have been employed to target IGF system in human malignancies, including but not limited to ligand or receptor neutralizing antibodies and IGF-IR signaling inhibitors. In this review, we have focused on the clinical studies that have been conducted targeting the various components of the IGF system for the treatment of different types of cancer, providing a description and the challenges of each targeting strategy and the degree of success.
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35
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Mitchell SE, Delville C, Konstantopedos P, Hurst J, Derous D, Green C, Chen L, Han JJD, Wang Y, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: II. Impact of short term calorie and protein restriction on circulating hormone levels, glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23213-37. [PMID: 26061745 PMCID: PMC4695113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting food intake attenuates many of the deleterious effects of aging, impacting upon healthspan and leading to an increased lifespan. Whether it is the overall restriction of calories (calorie restriction: CR) or the incidental reduction in macronutrients such as protein (protein restriction: PR) that mediate these effects is unclear. The impact of 3 month CR or PR, (10 to 40%), on C57BL/6 mice was compared to controls fed ad libitum. Reductions in circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were relative to the level of CR and individually associated with morphological changes but remained unchanged following PR. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved following CR but not affected by PR. There was no indication that CR had an effect on oxidative damage, however CR lowered antioxidant activity. No biomarkers of oxidative stress were altered by PR. CR significantly reduced levels of major urinary proteins suggesting lowered investment in reproduction. Results here support the idea that reduced adipokine levels, improved insulin/IGF-1 signaling and reduced reproductive investment play important roles in the beneficial effects of CR while, in the short-term, attenuation of oxidative damage is not applicable. None of the positive effects were replicated with PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Camille Delville
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jane Hurst
- Mammalian Behaviour & Evolution Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cara Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jackie J D Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
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Werner H, Sarfstein R, LeRoith D, Bruchim I. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Signaling Axis Meets p53 Genome Protection Pathways. Front Oncol 2016; 6:159. [PMID: 27446805 PMCID: PMC4917523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological, and experimental evidence indicate that the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important mediators in the biochemical chain of events that lead from a phenotypically normal to a neoplastic cell. The IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), which mediates the biological actions of IGF1 and IGF2, exhibits potent pro-survival and antiapoptotic activities. The IGF1R is highly expressed in most types of cancer and is regarded as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. p53 is a transcription factor with tumor suppressor activity that is usually activated in response to DNA damage and other forms of cellular stress. On the basis of its protective activities, p53 is commonly regarded as the guardian of the genome. We provide evidence that the IGF signaling axis and p53 genome protection pathways are tightly interconnected. Wild-type, but not mutant, p53 suppresses IGF1R gene transcription, leading to abrogation of the IGF signaling network, with ensuing cell cycle arrest. Gain-of-function, or loss-of-function, mutations of p53 in tumor cells may disrupt its inhibitory activity, thus generating oncogenic molecules capable of transactivating the IGF1R gene. The interplay between the IGF1 and p53 pathways is also of major relevance in terms of metabolic regulation, including glucose transport and glycolysis. A better understanding of the complex physical and functional interactions between these important signaling pathways will have major basic and translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Werner
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Yoran Institute for Human Genome Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rive Sarfstein
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinical Research Center, Rambam Health Care Center , Haifa , Israel
| | - Ilan Bruchim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center , Hadera , Israel
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37
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D'Alessandro A, De Pergola G, Silvestris F. Mediterranean Diet and cancer risk: an open issue. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:593-605. [PMID: 27251477 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1191444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean Diet of the early 1960s meets the characteristics of an anticancer diet defined by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AIRC). A diet rich of whole grains, pulses, vegetables and fruits, limited in high-calorie foods (foods high in sugar or fat), red meat and foods high in salt, without sugary drinks and processed meat is recommended by the WCRF/AIRC experts to reduce the risk of cancer. The aim of this review was to examine whether Mediterranean Diet is protective or not against cancer risk. Three meta-analyses of cohort studies reported that a high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet significantly reduces the risk of cancer incidence and/or mortality. Nevertheless, the Mediterranean dietary pattern defined in the studies' part of the meta-analyses has qualitative and/or quantitative differences compared to the Mediterranean Diet of the early 1960s. Therefore, the protective role of the Mediterranean Diet against cancer has not definitely been established. In epidemiological studies, a universal definition of the Mediterranean Diet, possibly the traditional Mediterranean Diet of the early 1960s, could be useful to understand the role of this dietary pattern in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncology , School of Medicine, Policlinico, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Oncology , School of Medicine, Policlinico, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy
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38
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Das F, Dey N, Bera A, Kasinath BS, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Choudhury GG. MicroRNA-214 Reduces Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Receptor Expression and Downstream mTORC1 Signaling in Renal Carcinoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14662-76. [PMID: 27226530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.694331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated IGF-1/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autocrine/paracrine signaling in patients with renal cell carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis of the disease independent of their von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) status. Increased expression of IGF-1R in renal cancer cells correlates with their potency of tumor development and progression. The mechanism by which expression of IGF-1R is increased in renal carcinoma is not known. We report that VHL-deficient and VHL-positive renal cancer cells possess significantly decreased levels of mature, pre-, and pri-miR-214 than normal proximal tubular epithelial cells. We identified an miR-214 recognition element in the 3'UTR of IGF-1R mRNA and confirmed its responsiveness to miR-214. Overexpression of miR-214 decreased the IGF-1R protein levels, resulting in the inhibition of Akt kinase activity in both types of renal cancer cells. IGF-1 provoked phosphorylation and inactivation of PRAS40 in an Akt-dependent manner, leading to the activation of mTORC1 signal transduction to increase phosphorylation of S6 kinase and 4EBP-1. Phosphorylation-deficient mutants of PRAS40 and 4EBP-1 significantly inhibited IGF-1R-driven proliferation of renal cancer cells. Expression of miR-214 suppressed IGF-1R-induced phosphorylation of PRAS40, S6 kinase, and 4EBP-1, indicating inhibition of mTORC1 activity. Finally, miR-214 significantly blocked IGF-1R-forced renal cancer cell proliferation, which was reversed by expression of 3'UTR-less IGF-1R and constitutively active mTORC1. Together, our results identify a reciprocal regulation of IGF-1R levels and miR-214 expression in renal cancer cells independent of VHL status. Our data provide evidence for a novel mechanism for IGF-1R-driven renal cancer cell proliferation involving miR-214 and mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- From Veterans Affairs Research and Geriatric Research, Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- the Departments of Medicine and From Veterans Affairs Research and Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900 and
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Malaguarnera R, Nicolosi ML, Sacco A, Morcavallo A, Vella V, Voci C, Spatuzza M, Xu SQ, Iozzo RV, Vigneri R, Morrione A, Belfiore A. Novel cross talk between IGF-IR and DDR1 regulates IGF-IR trafficking, signaling and biological responses. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16084-105. [PMID: 25840417 PMCID: PMC4599258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), plays a key role in regulating mammalian development and growth, and is frequently deregulated in cancer contributing to tumor initiation and progression. Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), a collagen receptor tyrosine-kinase, is as well frequently overexpressed in cancer and implicated in cancer progression. Thus, we investigated whether a functional cross-talk between the IGF-IR and DDR1 exists and plays any role in cancer progression. Using human breast cancer cells we found that DDR1 constitutively associated with the IGF-IR. However, this interaction was enhanced by IGF-I stimulation, which promoted rapid DDR1 tyrosine-phosphorylation and co-internalization with the IGF-IR. Significantly, DDR1 was critical for IGF-IR endocytosis and trafficking into early endosomes, IGF-IR protein expression and IGF-I intracellular signaling and biological effects, including cell proliferation, migration and colony formation. These biological responses were inhibited by DDR1 silencing and enhanced by DDR1 overexpression. Experiments in mouse fibroblasts co-transfected with the human IGF-IR and DDR1 gave similar results and indicated that, in the absence of IGF-IR, collagen-dependent phosphorylation of DDR1 is impaired. These results demonstrate a critical role of DDR1 in the regulation of IGF-IR action, and identify DDR1 as a novel important target for breast cancers that overexpress IGF-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Nicolosi
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Sacco
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alaide Morcavallo
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- Motor Sciences, School of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Concetta Voci
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michela Spatuzza
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Shi-Qiong Xu
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Sperimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Kaumaya PTP. A paradigm shift: Cancer therapy with peptide-based B-cell epitopes and peptide immunotherapeutics targeting multiple solid tumor types: Emerging concepts and validation of combination immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1368-86. [PMID: 25874884 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1026495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a recognizable and urgent need to speed the development and application of novel, more efficacious anti-cancer vaccine therapies that inhibit tumor progression and prevent acquisition of tumor resistance. We have created and established a portfolio of validated peptide epitopes against multiple receptor tyrosine kinases and we have identified the most biologically effective combinations of EGFR (HER-1), HER-2, HER-3, VEGF and IGF-1R peptide vaccines/mimics to selectively inhibit multiple receptors and signaling pathways. The strategy is based on the use of chimeric conformational B-cell epitope peptides incorporating "promiscuous" T-cell epitopes that afford the possibility of generating an enduring immune response, eliciting protein-reactive high-affinity anti-peptide antibodies as potential vaccines and peptide mimics that act as antagonists to receptor signaling that drive cancer metastasis. In this review we will summarize our ongoing studies based on the development of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies that act synergistically to enhance immune-mediated tumor killing aimed at addressing mechanisms of tumor resistance for several tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin T P Kaumaya
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center ; Columbus , OH , USA
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41
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Agapito G, Milano M, Guzzi PH, Cannataro M. Extracting Cross-Ontology Weighted Association Rules from Gene Ontology Annotations. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 13:197-208. [PMID: 27045823 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2015.2462348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gene Ontology (GO) is a structured repository of concepts (GO Terms) that are associated to one or more gene products through a process referred to as annotation. The analysis of annotated data is an important opportunity for bioinformatics. There are different approaches of analysis, among those, the use of association rules (AR) which provides useful knowledge, discovering biologically relevant associations between terms of GO, not previously known. In a previous work, we introduced GO-WAR (Gene Ontology-based Weighted Association Rules), a methodology for extracting weighted association rules from ontology-based annotated datasets. We here adapt the GO-WAR algorithm to mine cross-ontology association rules, i.e., rules that involve GO terms present in the three sub-ontologies of GO. We conduct a deep performance evaluation of GO-WAR by mining publicly available GO annotated datasets, showing how GO-WAR outperforms current state of the art approaches.
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Fontana L, Villareal DT, Das SK, Smith SR, Meydani SN, Pittas AG, Klein S, Bhapkar M, Rochon J, Ravussin E, Holloszy JO. Effects of 2-year calorie restriction on circulating levels of IGF-1, IGF-binding proteins and cortisol in nonobese men and women: a randomized clinical trial. Aging Cell 2016; 15:22-7. [PMID: 26443692 PMCID: PMC4717266 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Young-onset calorie restriction (CR) in rodents decreases serum IGF-1 concentration and increases serum corticosterone levels, which have been hypothesized to play major roles in mediating its anticancer and anti-aging effects. However, little is known on the effects of CR on the IGF-1 system and cortisol in humans. To test the sustained effects of CR on these key hormonal adaptations, we performed a multicenter randomized trial of a 2-year 25% CR intervention in 218 nonobese (body mass index between 22 and 27.8 kg m(-2) ) young and middle-aged (20-50 years age range) men and women. Average CR during the first 6 months was 19.5 ± 0.8% and 9.1 ± 0.7% over the next 18 months of the study. Weight loss averaged 7.6 ± 0.3 kg over the 2-years period of which 71% was fat mass loss (P < 0.0001). Average CR during the CR caused a significant 21% increase in serum IGFBP-1 and a 42% reduction in IGF-1:IGFBP-1 ratio at 2 years (P < 0.008), but did not change IGF-1 and IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratio levels. Serum cortisol concentrations were slightly but significantly increased by CR at 1 year only (P = 0.003). Calorie restriction had no effect on serum concentrations of PDGF-AB and TGFβ-1. We conclude, on the basis of the present and previous findings, that, in contrast to rodents, humans do not respond to CR with a decrease in serum IGF-1 concentration or with a sustained and biological relevant increase in serum cortisol. However, long-term CR in humans significantly and persistently increases serum IGFBP-1 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fontana
- Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Brescia Medical School Brescia Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Napoli Italy
| | - Dennis T. Villareal
- Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) Baylor College of Medicine Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center Houston TX USA
| | - Sai K. Das
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA USA
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes Florida Hospital Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute Orlando FL USA
| | - Simin N. Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Anastassios G. Pittas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA
| | | | - James Rochon
- Duke Clinical Research Institute Durham NC USA
- Rho Federal Systems Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - John O. Holloszy
- Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA
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Gallagher EJ, LeRoith D. Obesity and Diabetes: The Increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:727-48. [PMID: 26084689 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and both are associated with an increased incidence and mortality from many cancers. The metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes develop many years before the onset of diabetes and, therefore, may be contributing to cancer risk before individuals are aware that they are at risk. Multiple factors potentially contribute to the progression of cancer in obesity and type 2 diabetes, including hyperinsulinemia and insulin-like growth factor I, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, adipokines and cytokines, and the gut microbiome. These metabolic changes may contribute directly or indirectly to cancer progression. Intentional weight loss may protect against cancer development, and therapies for diabetes may prove to be effective adjuvant agents in reducing cancer progression. In this review we discuss the current epidemiology, basic science, and clinical data that link obesity, diabetes, and cancer and how treating obesity and type 2 diabetes could also reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Insulin-like growth factor and epidermal growth factor signaling in breast cancer cell growth: focus on endocrine resistant disease. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:975495. [PMID: 26258011 PMCID: PMC4518167 DOI: 10.1155/2015/975495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer for women worldwide with a lifetime risk amounting to a staggering total of 10%. It is well established that the endogenous synthesis of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) polypeptide growth factors are closely correlated to malignant transformation and all the steps of the breast cancer metastatic cascade. Numerous studies have demonstrated that both estrogens and growth factors stimulate the proliferation of steroid-dependent tumor cells, and that the interaction between these signaling pathways occurs at several levels. Importantly, the majority of breast cancer cases are estrogen receptor- (ER-) positive which have a more favorable prognosis and pattern of recurrence with endocrine therapy being the backbone of treatment. Unfortunately, the majority of patients progress to endocrine therapy resistant disease (acquired resistance) whereas a proportion of patients may fail to respond to initial therapy (de novo resistance). The IGF-I and EGF downstream signaling pathways are closely involved in the process of progression to therapy resistant disease. Modifications in the bioavailability of these growth factors contribute critically to disease progression. In the present review therefore, we will discuss in depth how IGF and EGF signaling participate in breast cancer pathogenesis and progression to endocrine resistant disease.
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45
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Cheng S, Gomez K, Serri O, Chik C, Ezzat S. The role of diabetes in acromegaly associated neoplasia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127276. [PMID: 25996963 PMCID: PMC4440645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk and mortality due to cancer in patients with acromegaly have been previously investigated. Although GH/IGF-1 excess provides a probable pathophysiological explanation, the degree of IGF-1 excess and the role in acromegaly-associated neoplasms of diabetes, a common comorbidity in acromegaly with known association with cancer, remains unclear. Methods Acromegalic patients treated in three Canadian referral centers (Toronto, Montreal, Edmonton) were included. All available clinical information was recorded including: age, initial and last percentage of the upper limit of normal (%ULN) IGF-1 levels, comorbidities and other neoplasms (benign and malignant). Results 408 cases were assessed. 185 were women (45.3%), 126 (30.9%) developed extra-pituitary neoplasms: 55 malignant and 71 benign. The most frequent anatomic site was the gastrointestinal tract (46 [11.3%]), followed by head and neck (36 [8.8%]) and multiple locations (14 [3.4%]). 106 (26.0%) cases had diabetes. Initial IGF-1 was significantly higher in men older than 50 (380.15 vs. 284.78, p = 0.001) when compared to men younger than 50. Diabetics showed significantly higher initial IGF-1 (389.38 vs. 285.27, p = 0.009), as did diabetics older than 50 compared with those without diabetes. 45.3% (48/106) of cases with diabetes developed extra-pituitary neoplasms vs. 24.3% (71/292) without diabetes (p = 0.001, OR: 2.576 95%CI 1.615–4.108). 22.6% (24/106) of cases with diabetes developed malignant tumors vs. 9.2% (27/292), (p < 0.001, OR 2.873, 95%CI 1.572–5.250). Conclusions These data suggest that acromegalic patients with diabetes are more likely to develop extra-pituitary neoplasms and their initial IGF-1 levels are higher. The contribution of IGF-1 vs. diabetes alone or in combination in the development of extra-pituitary neoplasms warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Serri
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Constance Chik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shereen Ezzat
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Poljicanin A, Filipovic N, Vukusic Pusic T, Soljic V, Caric A, Saraga-Babic M, Vukojevic K. Expression pattern of RAGE and IGF-1 in the human fetal ovary and ovarian serous carcinoma. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:468-76. [PMID: 25724694 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The expression pattern of RAGE and IGF-1 proteins in different ovarian cell lineages was histologically analyzed in six fetal, nine adult human ovaries, and nine serous ovarian carcinomas (OSC) using immunohistochemical methods. Mild expression of IGF-1 in ovarian surface epithelium (Ose) and oocytes in the 15-week human ovaries increased to moderate or strong in the stromal cells, oocytes and follicular cells in week 22. Occasional mild RAGE expression was observed in Ose during week 15, while strong expression characterized primordial follicles in week 22. In the reproductive human ovary, IGF-1 was mildly to moderately expressed in all ovarian cell lineages except in theca cells of the tertiary follicle where IGF-1 was negative. RAGE was strongly positive in the granulosa cells and some theca cells of the tertiary follicle, while negative to mildly positive in all cells of the secondary follicle. In the postmenopausal human ovary IGF-1 and RAGE were mildly expressed in Ose and stroma. In OSC, cells were strongly positive to IGF-1 and RAGE, except for some negative stromal cells. Different levels of IGF-1 and RAGE co-expression characterized fetal ovarian cells during development. In reproductive ovaries, IGF-1 and RAGE were co-localized in the granulosa and theca interna cells of tertiary follicles, while in postmenopausal ovaries and OSC, IGF-1 and RAGE were co-localized in Ose and OSC cells respectively. Our results indicate that intracellular levels of IGF-1 and RAGE protein might regulate the final destiny of the ovarian cell populations prior and during folliculogenesis, possibly controlling the metastatic potential of OSC as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Poljicanin
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Natalija Filipovic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tanja Vukusic Pusic
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital in Split, Spinciceva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Violeta Soljic
- Department of Pathology, Cytology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital in Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Caric
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Koh YW, Yoon DH, Suh C, Cha HJ, Huh J. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is associated with better prognosis in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: Correlation with MET expression. Int J Exp Pathol 2015; 96:232-9. [PMID: 25916750 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression alone and in relation to the expression of the MET- receptor and the MET-homologous receptor RON, in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). Tumour samples from patients with cHL (n = 202; median age 37.5 years) were analysed retrospectively for IGF-R1, MET or RON expression by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. The median follow-up time was 3.7 years (range, 0.1-20 years). Twenty-nine patients (14.3%) expressed IGF-1R protein in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, which was associated with a better overall survival (OS) (P = 0.036). IGF-1R expression was closely associated with MET receptor expression and low level of lactate dehydrogenase. In patients with cHL receiving doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine, those expressing IGF-1R showed a trend towards better OS and event-free survival than IGF-1R-negative patients (P = 0.129 and P = 0.115 respectively), but statistical significance was not reached. This study suggests that IGF-1R expression could be associated with better clinical outcome in cHL but is significantly associated with the expression of MET receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wha Koh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dok Hyun Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheolwon Suh
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jooryung Huh
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Jones RL, Kim ES, Nava-Parada P, Alam S, Johnson FM, Stephens AW, Simantov R, Poondru S, Gedrich R, Lippman SM, Kaye SB, Carden CP. Phase I study of intermittent oral dosing of the insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin receptors inhibitor OSI-906 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:693-700. [PMID: 25208878 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary activity of OSI-906, a potent, oral, dual inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR), in patients with advanced solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This was a multicenter, open-label, dose escalation phase I study evaluating three intermittent dosing schedules of once-daily OSI-906 [schedule (S) 1, days 1-3 every 14 days; S2, days 1-5 every 14 days; S3, days 1-7 every 14 days]. A fed-fasting expansion cohort was included in the study. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients were enrolled: 62 in S1, 4 in S2, and 13 in S3. S2 was discontinued. Dose-limiting toxicity comprised grade 3-4 hyperglycemia, vomiting, fatigue, and prolonged QTc interval. The MTD and recommended phase II dose of OSI-906 was 600 mg for both S1 and S3 schedules. Other common adverse events were grade 1-2 nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and diarrhea. The pharmacokinetics of OSI-906 was dose linear, and the terminal half-life ranged between 2 and 6 hours. High-fat meals had a moderate effect on the pharmacokinetics of OSI-906. At the MTD, inhibition of IGF1R and IR was observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. An increase in plasma IGF1 concentrations, an indirect measure of IGF1R signaling inhibition, was seen at doses ≥ 450 mg. Two patients with adrenocortical carcinoma achieved partial responses. CONCLUSION The MTD of 600 mg was well tolerated and associated with preliminary antitumor activity. These data support further evaluation of OSI-906 in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Jones
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Edward S Kim
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | | | - Salma Alam
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ronit Simantov
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, Illinois
| | | | - Rich Gedrich
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, Illinois
| | | | - Stan B Kaye
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Craig P Carden
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Guevara-Aguirre J, Rosenbloom AL. Obesity, diabetes and cancer: insight into the relationship from a cohort with growth hormone receptor deficiency. Diabetologia 2015; 58:37-42. [PMID: 25316432 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity with insulin-resistant diabetes and increased cancer risk is a global problem. We consider the alterations of metabolism attendant on the underlying pathogenic overnutrition and the role of the growth hormone (GH)-IGF-1 axis in this interaction. Obesity-induced insulin resistance is a determinant of diabetes. Excess glucose, and an elevated concentration of insulin acting through its own receptors along with complex interactions with the IGF-1 system, will add extra fuel and fuel signalling for malignant growth and induce anti-apoptotic activities, permitting proliferation of forbidden clones. In Ecuador there are ~100 living adults with lifelong IGF-1 deficiency caused by a GH receptor (GHR) mutation who, despite a high percentage of body fat, have markedly increased insulin sensitivity compared with age- and BMI-matched control relatives, and no instances of diabetes, which is present in 6% of unaffected relatives. Only 1 of 20 deceased individuals with GHR deficiency died of cancer vs 20% of ~1,500 relatives. Fewer DNA breaks and increased apoptosis occurred in cell cultures exposed to oxidant agents following addition of serum from GHR-deficient individuals vs serum from control relatives. These changes were reversible by adding IGF-1 to the serum from the GHR-deficient individuals. The reduction in central regulators of pro-ageing signalling thus appears to be the result of an absence of GHR function. The complex inter-relationship of obesity, diabetes and cancer risk is related to excess insulin and fuel supply, in the presence of heightened anti-apoptosis and uninhibited DNA damage when GHR function is normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles & Via Interoceanica, Quito, Ecuador,
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Foy KC, Miller MJ, Overholser J, Donnelly SM, Nahta R, Kaumaya PT. IGF-1R peptide vaccines/mimics inhibit the growth of BxPC3 and JIMT-1 cancer cells and exhibit synergistic antitumor effects with HER-1 and HER-2 peptides. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e956005. [PMID: 25941587 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.956005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a crucial role in cellular growth, proliferation, transformation, and inhibition of apoptosis. A myriad of human cancer types have been shown to overexpress IGF-1R, including breast and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. IGF-1R signaling interferes with numerous receptor pathways, rendering tumor cells resistant to chemotherapy, anti-hormonal therapy, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as HER-1) and v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, (ERBB2, best known as HER-2) -targeted therapies. Targeting the IGF:IGF-1R axis with innovative peptide inhibitors and vaccine antibodies thus represents a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance and to provide new avenues for individualized and combinatorial treatment strategies. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized several B-cell epitopes from the IGF-1:IGF-1R axis. The chimeric peptide epitopes were highly immunogenic in outbred rabbits, eliciting high levels of peptide vaccine antibodies. The IGF-1R peptide antibodies and peptide mimics inhibited cell proliferation and receptor phosphorylation, induced apoptosis and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and significantly inhibited tumor growth in the transplantable BxPC-3 pancreatic and JIMT-1 breast cancer models. Our results showed that the peptides and antibodies targeting residues 56-81 and 233-251 are potential therapeutic and vaccine candidates for the treatment of IGF-1R-expressing cancers, including those that are resistant to the HER-2-targeted antibody, trastuzumab. Additionally, we found additive antitumor effects for the combination treatment of the IGF-1R 56-81 epitope with HER-1-418 and HER-2-597 epitopes. Treatment with the IGF-1R/HER-1 or IGF-1R/HER-2 combination inhibited proliferation, invasion, and receptor phosphorylation, and induced apoptosis and ADCC, to a greater degree than single agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chu Foy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Megan J Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA ; Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jay Overholser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
| | | | - Rita Nahta
- Department of Pharmacology; Emory University ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Pravin Tp Kaumaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA ; Department of Microbiology; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA ; James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute and the Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University ; Columbus, OH USA
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