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Sergi D, Melloni M, Passaro A, Neri LM. Influence of Type 2 Diabetes and Adipose Tissue Dysfunction on Breast Cancer and Potential Benefits from Nutraceuticals Inducible in Microalgae. Nutrients 2024; 16:3243. [PMID: 39408212 PMCID: PMC11478231 DOI: 10.3390/nu16193243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) represents the most prevalent cancer in women at any age after puberty. From a pathogenetic prospective, despite a wide array of risk factors being identified thus far, poor metabolic health is emerging as a putative risk factor for BC. In particular, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) provides a perfect example bridging the gap between poor metabolic health and BC risk. Indeed, T2DM is preceded by a status of hyperinsulinemia and is characterised by hyperglycaemia, with both factors representing potential contributors to BC onset and progression. Additionally, the aberrant secretome of the dysfunctional, hypertrophic adipocytes, typical of obesity, characterised by pro-inflammatory mediators, is a shared pathogenetic factor between T2DM and BC. In this review, we provide an overview on the effects of hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia, hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus, on breast cancer risk, progression, treatment and prognosis. Furthermore, we dissect the role of the adipose-tissue-secreted adipokines as additional players in the pathogenesis of BC. Finally, we focus on microalgae as a novel superfood and a source of nutraceuticals able to mitigate BC risk by improving metabolic health and targeting cellular pathways, which are disrupted in the context of T2DM and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Mattia Melloni
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (D.S.); (M.M.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Mirabelli M, Misiti R, Sicilia L, Brunetti FS, Chiefari E, Brunetti A, Foti DP. Hypoxia in Human Obesity: New Insights from Inflammation towards Insulin Resistance-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9802. [PMID: 39337290 PMCID: PMC11432683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), marked by reduced cellular responsiveness to insulin, and obesity, defined by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, are two intertwined conditions that significantly contribute to the global burden of cardiometabolic diseases. Adipose tissue, beyond merely storing triglycerides, acts as an active producer of biomolecules. In obesity, as adipose tissue undergoes hypertrophy, it becomes dysfunctional, altering the release of adipocyte-derived factors, known as adipokines. This dysfunction promotes low-grade chronic inflammation, exacerbates IR, and creates a hyperglycemic, proatherogenic, and prothrombotic environment. However, the fundamental cause of these phenomena remains unclear. This narrative review points to hypoxia as a critical trigger for the molecular changes associated with fat accumulation, particularly within visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor that regulates homeostatic responses to low oxygen levels, initiates a series of molecular events in VAT, leading to the aberrant release of adipokines, many of which are still unexplored, and potentially affecting peripheral insulin sensitivity. Recent discoveries have highlighted the role of hypoxia and miRNA-128 in regulating the insulin receptor in visceral adipocytes, contributing to their dysfunctional behavior, including impaired glucose uptake. Understanding the complex interplay between adipose tissue hypoxia, dysfunction, inflammation, and IR in obesity is essential for developing innovative, targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mirabelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.)
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Misiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, “Renato Dulbecco” Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luciana Sicilia
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.)
| | - Eusebio Chiefari
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.)
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.M.)
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, “Renato Dulbecco” University Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela P. Foti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, “Renato Dulbecco” Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Fang W, Yu Z, Gao G, Yang M, Du X, Wang Y, Fu Q. Light-based 3D bioprinting technology applied to repair and regeneration of different tissues: A rational proposal for biomedical applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101135. [PMID: 39040222 PMCID: PMC11262185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting technology, a subset of 3D printing technology, is currently witnessing widespread utilization in tissue repair and regeneration endeavors. In particular, light-based 3D bioprinting technology has garnered significant interest and favor. Central to its successful implementation lies the judicious selection of photosensitive polymers. Moreover, by fine-tuning parameters such as light irradiation time, choice of photoinitiators and crosslinkers, and their concentrations, the properties of the scaffolds can be tailored to suit the specific requirements of the targeted tissue repair sites. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of commonly utilized bio-inks suitable for light-based 3D bioprinting, delving into the distinctive characteristics of each material. Furthermore, we delineate strategies for bio-ink selection tailored to diverse repair locations, alongside methods for optimizing printing parameters. Ultimately, we present a coherent synthesis aimed at enhancing the practical application of light-based 3D bioprinting technology in tissue engineering, while also addressing current challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Fang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhenwei Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Guo Gao
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Bandala C, Carro-Rodríguez J, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Peña-Montero I, Gómez-López M, Hernández-Roldán AP, Huerta-Cruz JC, Muñoz-González F, Ignacio-Mejía I, Domínguez B, Lara-Padilla E. Comparative Effects of Gymnema sylvestre and Berberine on Adipokines, Body Composition, and Metabolic Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2284. [PMID: 39064727 PMCID: PMC11280467 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gymnema sylvestre (GS) and berberine (BBR) are natural products that have demonstrated therapeutic potential for the management of obesity and its comorbidities, as effective and safe alternatives to synthetic drugs. Although their anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic properties have been widely studied, comparative research on their impact on the gene expression of adipokines, such as resistin (Res), omentin (Ome), visfatin (Vis) and apelin (Ap), has not been reported. METHODOLOGY We performed a comparative study in 50 adult Mexican patients with obesity treated with GS or BBR for 3 months. The baseline and final biochemical parameters, body composition, blood pressure, gene expression of Res, Ome, Vis, and Ap, and safety parameters were evaluated. RESULTS BBR significantly decreased (p < 0.05) body weight, blood pressure and Vis and Ap gene expression and increased Ome, while GS decreased fasting glucose and Res gene expression (p < 0.05). A comparative analysis of the final measurements revealed a lower gene expression of Ap and Vis (p < 0.05) in patients treated with BBR than in those treated with GS. The most frequent adverse effects in both groups were gastrointestinal symptoms, which attenuated during the first month of treatment. CONCLUSION In patients with obesity, BBR has a better effect on body composition, blood pressure, and the gene expression of adipokines related to metabolic risk, while GS has a better effect on fasting glucose and adipokines related to insulin resistance, with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bandala
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
| | - Jazmín Carro-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
| | | | - Itzel Peña-Montero
- Laboratorio de Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (I.P.-M.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Modesto Gómez-López
- Laboratorio de Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (I.P.-M.); (M.G.-L.)
| | - Ana Paola Hernández-Roldán
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
| | - Juan Carlos Huerta-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación en Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosio Villegas, Secretaria de Salud, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Felipe Muñoz-González
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Iván Ignacio-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados en Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Mexico City 11200, Mexico;
| | - Brayan Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Traslacional Aplicada a Enfermedades Crónicas y Emergentes, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.B.); (J.C.-R.); (A.P.H.-R.); (F.M.-G.); (B.D.)
| | - Eleazar Lara-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Obesidad, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (I.P.-M.); (M.G.-L.)
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de Lima EP, Moretti RC, Torres Pomini K, Laurindo LF, Sloan KP, Sloan LA, de Castro MVM, Baldi E, Ferraz BFR, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira E, Catharin VMCS, Mellen CH, Caracio FCC, Spilla CSG, Haber JFS, Barbalho SM. Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, Metainflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiovascular Diseases: Unraveling Pathways. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:519. [PMID: 39056712 PMCID: PMC11273409 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Glycolipid metabolic disorders (GLMDs) are various metabolic disorders resulting from dysregulation in glycolipid levels, consequently leading to an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, liver dysfunction, neuromuscular complications, and cardiorenal vascular diseases (CRVDs). In patients with GLMDs, excess caloric intake and a lack of physical activity may contribute to oxidative stress (OxS) and systemic inflammation. This study aimed to review the connection between GLMD, OxS, metainflammation, and the onset of CRVD. GLMD is due to various metabolic disorders causing dysfunction in the synthesis, breakdown, and absorption of glucose and lipids in the body, resulting in excessive ectopic accumulation of these molecules. This is mainly due to neuroendocrine dysregulation, insulin resistance, OxS, and metainflammation. In GLMD, many inflammatory markers and defense cells play a vital role in related tissues and organs, such as blood vessels, pancreatic islets, the liver, muscle, the kidneys, and adipocytes, promoting inflammatory lesions that affect various interconnected organs through their signaling pathways. Advanced glycation end products, ATP-binding cassette transporter 1, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Toll-like receptor-4, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) play a crucial role in GLMD since they are related to glucolipid metabolism. The consequences of this is system organ damage and increased morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Pereira de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.P.d.L.)
| | - Renato Cesar Moretti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.P.d.L.)
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.P.d.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lance Alan Sloan
- Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Lufkin, TX 75904, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Odontology, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgar Baldi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.P.d.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Odontology, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.P.d.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Haber Mellen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo 01221-010, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Sérgio Galina Spilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.P.d.L.)
| | - Jesselina F. S. Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.P.d.L.)
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil; (E.P.d.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Charity Hospital, UNIMAR (HBU), Universidade de Marília, UNIMAR, São Paulo 17525-160, SP, Brazil
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Zhao JY, Zhou LJ, Ma KL, Hao R, Li M. MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13691. [PMID: 38186200 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro-inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yi Zhao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Juan Zhou
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Le Ma
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Singh H, Shyamveer, Mahajan SD, Aalinkeel R, Kaliyappan K, Schwartz SA, Bhattacharya M, Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS. Identification of novel genetic variations in ABCB6 and GRN genes associated with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 556:117830. [PMID: 38354999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) are associated with an incidence of lipodystrophy among people living with HIV(PLHIV). Lipodystrophiesare characterised by the loss of adipose tissue. Evidence suggests that a patient's lipodystrophy phenotype is influenced by genetic mutation, age, gender, and environmental and genetic factors, such as single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). Pathogenic variants are considered to cause a more significant loss of adipose tissue compared to non-pathogenic. Lipid metabolising enzymes and transporter genes have a role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and have been associated with lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients (LDHIV). The long-term effect of the lipodystrophy syndrome is related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Hence, we determined the SNVs of lipid metabolising enzymes and transporter genes in a total of 48 patient samples, of which 24 were with and 24 were without HIV-associated lipodystrophy (HIVLD) using next-generation sequencing. A panel of lipid metabolism, transport and elimination genes were sequenced. Three novel heterozygous non-synonymous variants at exon 8 (c.C1400A:p.S467Y, c.G1385A:p.G462E, and c.T1339C:p.S447P) in the ABCB6 gene were identified in patients with lipodystrophy. One homozygous non-synonymous SNV (exon5:c.T358C:p.S120P) in the GRN gene was identified in patients with lipodystrophy. One novelstop-gain SNV (exon5:c.C373T:p.Q125X) was found in the GRN gene among patients without lipodystrophy. Patients without lipodystrophy had one homozygous non-synonymous SNV (exon9:c.G1462T:p.G488C) in the ABCB6 gene. Our findings suggest that novel heterozygous non-synonymous variants in the ABCB6 gene may contribute to defective protein production, potentially intensifying the severity of lipodystrophy. Additionally, identifying a stop-gain SNV in the GRN gene among patients without lipodystrophy implies a potential role in the development of HIVLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- HariOm Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India.
| | - Shyamveer
- Department of Molecular Biology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India.
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo's Clinical Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo's Clinical Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Kathiravan Kaliyappan
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo's Clinical Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo's Clinical Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Meenakshi Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, ART PLUS CENTRE, Government Medical College & Hospital, University Road, Aurangabad 431004, India.
| | - Mohammad Khalid Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Bettinetti-Luque M, Trujillo-Estrada L, Garcia-Fuentes E, Andreo-Lopez J, Sanchez-Varo R, Garrido-Sánchez L, Gómez-Mediavilla Á, López MG, Garcia-Caballero M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D. Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:840-878. [PMID: 37706346 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bettinetti-Luque
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Andreo-Lopez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Varo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ángela Gómez-Mediavilla
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto Teófilo Hernando para la I+D de Fármacos, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IIS-IP), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Garcia-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Behrooz AB, Cordani M, Fiore A, Donadelli M, Gordon JW, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. The obesity-autophagy-cancer axis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:24-44. [PMID: 38309540 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a self-degradative process vital for cellular homeostasis, plays a significant role in adipose tissue metabolism and tumorigenesis. This review aims to elucidate the complex interplay between autophagy, obesity, and cancer development, with a specific emphasis on how obesity-driven changes affect the regulation of autophagy and subsequent implications for cancer risk. The burgeoning epidemic of obesity underscores the relevance of this research, particularly given the established links between obesity, autophagy, and various cancers. Our exploration delves into hormonal influence, notably INS (insulin) and LEP (leptin), on obesity and autophagy interactions. Further, we draw attention to the latest findings on molecular factors linking obesity to cancer, including hormonal changes, altered metabolism, and secretory autophagy. We posit that targeting autophagy modulation may offer a potent therapeutic approach for obesity-associated cancer, pointing to promising advancements in nanocarrier-based targeted therapies for autophagy modulation. However, we also recognize the challenges inherent to these approaches, particularly concerning their precision, control, and the dual roles autophagy can play in cancer. Future research directions include identifying novel biomarkers, refining targeted therapies, and harmonizing these approaches with precision medicine principles, thereby contributing to a more personalized, effective treatment paradigm for obesity-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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10
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AlZaim I, de Rooij LPMH, Sheikh BN, Börgeson E, Kalucka J. The evolving functions of the vasculature in regulating adipose tissue biology in health and obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:691-707. [PMID: 37749386 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and a crucial regulator of energy storage and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Additionally, adipose tissue is a pivotal regulator of cardiovascular health and disease, mediated in part by the endocrine and paracrine secretion of several bioactive products, such as adipokines. Adipose vasculature has an instrumental role in the modulation of adipose tissue expansion, homeostasis and metabolism. The role of the adipose vasculature has been extensively explored in the context of obesity, which is recognized as a global health problem. Obesity-induced accumulation of fat, in combination with vascular rarefaction, promotes adipocyte dysfunction and induces oxidative stress, hypoxia and inflammation. It is now recognized that obesity-associated endothelial dysfunction often precedes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Investigations have revealed heterogeneity within the vascular niche and dynamic reciprocity between vascular and adipose cells, which can become dysregulated in obesity. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving functions of the vasculature in regulating adipose tissue biology in health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura P M H de Rooij
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bilal N Sheikh
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emma Börgeson
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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11
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Grillo E, Ravelli C, Colleluori G, D'Agostino F, Domenichini M, Giordano A, Mitola S. Role of gremlin-1 in the pathophysiology of the adipose tissues. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:51-60. [PMID: 36155165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gremlin-1 is a secreted bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist playing a pivotal role in the regulation of tissue formation and embryonic development. Since its first identification in 1997, gremlin-1 has been shown to be a multifunctional factor involved in wound healing, inflammation, cancer and tissue fibrosis. Among others, the activity of gremlin-1 is mediated by its interaction with BMPs or with membrane receptors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Growing evidence has highlighted a central role of gremlin-1 in the homeostasis of the adipose tissue (AT). Of note, gremlin-1 is involved in AT dysfunction during type 2 diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) metabolic disorders. In this review we discuss recent findings on gremlin-1 involvement in AT biology, with particular attention to its role in metabolic diseases, to highlight its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Domenichini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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12
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Kim JW, Yang YM, Kwon EY, Choi JY. Novel Plant Extract Ameliorates Metabolic Disorder through Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169295. [PMID: 36012561 PMCID: PMC9409404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation due to unbalanced energy intake and expenditure. Potential therapeutic targets for anti-obesity include the inhibition of white adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy and hyperplasia and the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Not only the activation of BAT but also the browning of WAT have gained increasing attention in research fields as an alternative method in the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we investigated possible mechanisms underlying the anti-obesity effect of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. root ethanol extract (PUE) in an obesogenic animal model. PUE treatment can reduce diet-induced obesity and modulate obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. In the liver, PUE improved hepatic steatosis by suppressing hepatic lipogenesis and lipid absorption while increasing biliary sterol excretion and hepatic fatty acid oxidation compared to the high-fat group. Moreover, PUE increased energy expenditure and regulated fecal lipid excretion, leading to reduced body weight gain. In particular, PUE remarkably activated the browning of subWAT via upregulation of the browning-related protein and gene expression and promoted BAT activation. In conclusion, these findings provide the potential therapeutic usefulness into the effects of PUE in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, it suggests that PUE treatment can regulate energy metabolism via activating BAT and browning subWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young-Mo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Science and Public Health and Safety, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-7723; Fax: +82-62-225-7726
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