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Hu Y, Zhu T, Zhang W. The characteristics of brain atrophy prior to the onset of Alzheimer's disease: a longitudinal study. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1344920. [PMID: 38863784 PMCID: PMC11165148 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1344920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to use the onset time of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the reference time to longitudinally investigate the atrophic characteristics of brain structures prior to the onset of AD. Materials and methods A total of 328 participants from the ADNI database with clear onset of AD and structural imaging data were included in our study. The time before the onset of AD (abbreviated as BAD) was calculated. We investigated the longitudinal brain changes in 97 regions using multivariate linear mixed effects regression models. Results The average BAD was -28.15 months, with a range from -156 to 0 months. The 54 brain regions showed significant atrophy prior to the onset of AD, and these regions were mainly distributed in the frontal and temporal lobes. The parietal and occipital lobe exhibited relatively less atrophy than the other brain lobes. Sex, age, and magnetic field strength had greater direct impacts on structural indicators than APOE genotype and education. The analysis of interaction effects revealed that the APOE ε4 mutation carriers exhibited more severe structural changes in specific brain regions as the BAD increased. However, sex, age, and education had minimal regulatory influence on the structural changes associated with BAD. Conclusion Longitudinal analysis, with the onset time point of AD as the reference, can accurately describe the features of structural changes preceding the onset of AD and provide a comprehensive understanding of AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jiang L, Robin J, Shing N, Mazloum-Farzaghi N, Ladyka-Wojcik N, Balakumar N, Anderson ND, Ryan JD, Barense MD, Olsen RK. Impaired perceptual discrimination of complex objects in older adults at risk for dementia. Hippocampus 2024; 34:197-203. [PMID: 38189156 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tau pathology accumulates in the perirhinal cortex (PRC) of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) during the earliest stages of the Alzheimer's disease (AD), appearing decades before clinical diagnosis. Here, we leveraged perceptual discrimination tasks that target PRC function to detect subtle cognitive impairment even in nominally healthy older adults. Older adults who did not have a clinical diagnosis or subjective memory complaints were categorized into "at-risk" (score <26; n = 15) and "healthy" (score ≥26; n = 23) groups based on their performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The task included two conditions known to recruit the PRC: faces and complex objects (greebles). A scene condition, known to recruit the hippocampus, and a size control condition that does not rely on the MTL were also included. Individuals in the at-risk group were less accurate than those in the healthy group for discriminating greebles. Performance on either the face or size control condition did not predict group status above and beyond that of the greeble condition. Visual discrimination tasks that are sensitive to PRC function may detect early cognitive decline associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Jiang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Robin
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathanael Shing
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negar Mazloum-Farzaghi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Niroja Balakumar
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan D Barense
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna K Olsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rizvi B, Sathishkumar M, Kim S, Márquez F, Granger SJ, Larson MS, Miranda BA, Hollearn MK, McMillan L, Nan B, Tustison NJ, Lao PJ, Brickman AM, Greenia D, Corrada MM, Kawas CH, Yassa MA. Posterior white matter hyperintensities are associated with reduced medial temporal lobe subregional integrity and long-term memory in older adults. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 37:103308. [PMID: 36586358 PMCID: PMC9830310 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities are a marker of small vessel cerebrovascular disease that are strongly related to cognition in older adults. Similarly, medial temporal lobe atrophy is well-documented in aging and Alzheimer's disease and is associated with memory decline. Here, we assessed the relationship between lobar white matter hyperintensities, medial temporal lobe subregional volumes, and hippocampal memory in older adults. We collected MRI scans in a sample of 139 older adults without dementia (88 females, mean age (SD) = 76.95 (10.61)). Participants were administered the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Regression analyses tested for associations among medial temporal lobe subregional volumes, regional white matter hyperintensities and memory, while adjusting for age, sex, and education and correcting for multiple comparisons. Increased occipital white matter hyperintensities were related to worse RAVLT delayed recall performance, and to reduced CA1, dentate gyrus, perirhinal cortex (Brodmann area 36), and parahippocampal cortex volumes. These medial temporal lobe subregional volumes were related to delayed recall performance. The association of occipital white matter hyperintensities with delayed recall performance was fully mediated statistically only by perirhinal cortex volume. These results suggest that white matter hyperintensities may be associated with memory decline through their impact on medial temporal lobe atrophy. These findings provide new insights into the role of vascular pathologies in memory loss in older adults and suggest that future studies should further examine the neural mechanisms of these relationships in longitudinal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Rizvi
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mithra Sathishkumar
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Soyun Kim
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Freddie Márquez
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Granger
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Myra S Larson
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Blake A Miranda
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martina K Hollearn
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Liv McMillan
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bin Nan
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Tustison
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patrick J Lao
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Greenia
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Maria M Corrada
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Claudia H Kawas
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Crișan G, Moldovean-Cioroianu NS, Timaru DG, Andrieș G, Căinap C, Chiș V. Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT Imaging: A Literature Review over the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5023. [PMID: 35563414 PMCID: PMC9103893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive tracers and enables the functional imaging of several metabolic processes, blood flow measurements, regional chemical composition, and/or chemical absorption. Depending on the targeted processes within the living organism, different tracers are used for various medical conditions, such as cancer, particular brain pathologies, cardiac events, and bone lesions, where the most commonly used tracers are radiolabeled with 18F (e.g., [18F]-FDG and NA [18F]). Oxygen-15 isotope is mostly involved in blood flow measurements, whereas a wide array of 11C-based compounds have also been developed for neuronal disorders according to the affected neuroreceptors, prostate cancer, and lung carcinomas. In contrast, the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique uses gamma-emitting radioisotopes and can be used to diagnose strokes, seizures, bone illnesses, and infections by gauging the blood flow and radio distribution within tissues and organs. The radioisotopes typically used in SPECT imaging are iodine-123, technetium-99m, xenon-133, thallium-201, and indium-111. This systematic review article aims to clarify and disseminate the available scientific literature focused on PET/SPECT radiotracers and to provide an overview of the conducted research within the past decade, with an additional focus on the novel radiopharmaceuticals developed for medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Crișan
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Gabriel Andrieș
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Călin Căinap
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, Republicii 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wu SZ, Nolan-Kenney R, Moehringer NJ, Hasanaj LF, Joseph BM, Clayton AM, Rucker JC, Galetta SL, Wisniewski TM, Masurkar AV, Balcer LJ. Exploration of Rapid Automatized Naming and Standard Visual Tests in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease Detection. J Neuroophthalmol 2022; 42:79-87. [PMID: 34029274 PMCID: PMC8595455 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual tests in Alzheimer disease (AD) have been examined over the last several decades to identify a sensitive and noninvasive marker of the disease. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks have shown promise for detecting prodromal AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the capacity for new rapid image and number naming tests and other measures of visual pathway structure and function to distinguish individuals with MCI due to AD from those with normal aging and cognition. The relation of these tests to vision-specific quality of life scores was also examined in this pilot study. METHODS Participants with MCI due to AD and controls from well-characterized NYU research and clinical cohorts performed high and low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA) testing, as well as RAN using the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) and Staggered Uneven Number test, and vision-specific quality of life scales, including the 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and 10-Item Neuro-Ophthalmic Supplement. Individuals also underwent optical coherence tomography scans to assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer thicknesses. Hippocampal atrophy on brain MRI was also determined from the participants' Alzheimer disease research center or clinical data. RESULTS Participants with MCI (n = 14) had worse binocular LCLA at 1.25% contrast compared with controls (P = 0.009) and longer (worse) MULES test times (P = 0.006) with more errors in naming images (P = 0.009) compared with controls (n = 16). These were the only significantly different visual tests between groups. MULES test times (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.79), MULES errors (AUC = 0.78), and binocular 1.25% LCLA (AUC = 0.78) showed good diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing MCI from controls. A combination of the MULES score and 1.25% LCLA demonstrated the greatest capacity to distinguish (AUC = 0.87). These visual measures were better predictors of MCI vs control status than the presence of hippocampal atrophy on brain MRI in this cohort. A greater number of MULES test errors (rs = -0.50, P = 0.005) and worse 1.25% LCLA scores (rs = 0.39, P = 0.03) were associated with lower (worse) NEI-VFQ-25 scores. CONCLUSIONS Rapid image naming (MULES) and LCLA are able to distinguish MCI due to AD from normal aging and reflect vision-specific quality of life. Larger studies will determine how these easily administered tests may identify patients at risk for AD and serve as measures in disease-modifying therapy clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Z Wu
- Departments of Neurology (SZW, RNK, NM, LH, BJ, AC, JCR, SLG, TMW, AVM, and LJB), Population Health (RNK and LJB), and Ophthalmology (SZW, JCR, SLG, and LJB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Carlson ML, Toueg TN, Khalighi MM, Castillo J, Shen B, Azevedo EC, DiGiacomo P, Mouchawar N, Chau G, Zaharchuk G, James ML, Mormino EC, Zeineh MM. Hippocampal subfield imaging and fractional anisotropy show parallel changes in Alzheimer's disease tau progression using simultaneous tau-PET/MRI at 3T. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12218. [PMID: 34337132 PMCID: PMC8319659 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized primarily by abnormal aggregation of two proteins, tau and amyloid beta. We assessed tau pathology and white matter connectivity changes in subfields of the hippocampus simultaneously in vivo in AD. METHODS Twenty-four subjects were scanned using simultaneous time-of-flight 18F-PI-2620 tau positron emission tomography/3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and automated segmentation. RESULTS We observed extensive tau elevation in the entorhinal/perirhinal regions, intermediate tau elevation in cornu ammonis 1/subiculum, and an absence of tau elevation in the dentate gyrus, relative to controls. Diffusion tensor imaging showed parahippocampal gyral fractional anisotropy was lower in AD and mild cognitive impairment compared to controls and strongly correlated with early tau accumulation in the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates the potential for quantifiable patterns of 18F-PI2620 binding in hippocampus subfields, accompanied by diffusion and volume metrics, to be valuable markers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler N. Toueg
- Department of NeurologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Jessa Castillo
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Phillip DiGiacomo
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Gustavo Chau
- Department of BioengineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle L. James
- Department of NeurologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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Zhang H, Wang M, Lu J, Bao W, Li L, Jiang J, Zuo C. Parametric Estimation of Reference Signal Intensity for Semi-Quantification of Tau Deposition: A Flortaucipir and [ 18F]-APN-1607 Study. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:598234. [PMID: 34234637 PMCID: PMC8255619 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.598234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can reveal the pathophysiology and neurodegeneration that occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vivo. The standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) is widely used for semi-quantification of tau deposition but is susceptible to disturbance from the reference region and the partial volume effect (PVE). To overcome this problem, we applied the parametric estimation of reference signal intensity (PERSI) method-which was previously evaluated for flortaucipir imaging-to two tau tracers, flortaucipir and [18F]-APN-1607. METHODS Two cohorts underwent tau PET scanning. Flortaucipir PET imaging data for cohort I (65 healthy controls [HCs], 60 patients with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 12 AD patients) were from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative database. [18F]-APN-1607 ([18F]-PM-PBB3) PET imaging data were for Cohort II, which included 21 patients with a clinical diagnosis of amyloid PET-positive AD and 15 HCs recruited at Huashan Hospital. We used white matter (WM) postprocessed by PERSI (PERSI-WM) as the reference region and compared this with the traditional semi-quantification method that uses the whole cerebellum as the reference. SUVRs were calculated for regions of interest including the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes; anterior and posterior cingulate; precuneus; and Braak I/II (entorhinal cortex and hippocampus). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and effect sizes were used to compare the two methods in terms of ability to discriminate between different clinical groups. RESULTS In both cohorts, regional SUVR determined using the PERSI-WM method was superior to using the cerebellum as reference region for measuring tau retention in AD patients (e.g., SUVR of the temporal lobe: flortaucipir, 1.08 ± 0.17 and [18F]-APN-1607, 1.57 ± 0.34); and estimates of the effect size and areas under the ROC curve (AUC) indicated that it also increased between-group differences (e.g., AUC of the temporal lobe for HC vs AD: flortaucipir, 0.893 and [18F]-APN-1607: 0.949). CONCLUSION The PERSI-WM method significantly improves diagnostic discrimination compared to conventional approach of using the cerebellum as a reference region and can mitigate the PVE; it can thus enhance the efficacy of semi-quantification of multiple tau tracers in PET scanning, making it suitable for large-scale clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - and Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Alzheimer’s Association; Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation; Araclon Biotech; BioClinica, Inc.; Biogen; Bristol- Myers Squibb Company; CereSpir, Inc.; Eisai, Inc.; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; EuroImmun; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; Fujirebio; GE Healthcare; IXICO, Ltd.; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC; Lumosity; Lundbeck; Merck & Co., Inc.; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.; NeuroRx Research; Neurotrack Technologies; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer, Inc.; Piramal Imaging; Servier; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company; and Transition Therapeutics
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Sone D, Shigemoto Y, Ogawa M, Maikusa N, Okita K, Takano H, Kato K, Sato N, Matsuda H. Association between neurite metrics and tau/inflammatory pathology in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12125. [PMID: 33204813 PMCID: PMC7656172 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration, including tau and neurite complexity, is an important topic in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. METHODS We recruited 27 amyloid-positive individuals identified through 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and 31 amyloid-negative individuals with normal cognition. All participants underwent 11C-PiB and 18F-THK5351 PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) protocol. The neurite density index (NDI), orientation dispersion index (ODI), and PET images were analyzed to calculate voxel-wise correlations among the imaging modalities and correlations with cognitions. RESULTS In the amyloid-positive participants, there were significant negative correlations between 18F-THK5351 and NDI and between 18F-THK5351 and ODI. The bilateral mesial and lateral temporal lobes were mainly involved. Regarding cognition, 18F-THK5351 showed more marked associations with all cognitive domains than the other modalities. DISCUSSION Tau and neuroinflammation in AD may reduce the neurite density and orientation dispersion, particularly in the mesial and lateral temporal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental EpilepsyUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research CenterSouthern Tohoku Research Institute for NeuroscienceFukushimaJapan
| | - Yoko Shigemoto
- Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research CenterSouthern Tohoku Research Institute for NeuroscienceFukushimaJapan
- Department of RadiologyNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Masayo Ogawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Kyoji Okita
- Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of RadiologyNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research CenterSouthern Tohoku Research Institute for NeuroscienceFukushimaJapan
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Cong S, Yao X, Huang Z, Risacher SL, Nho K, Saykin AJ, Shen L. Volumetric GWAS of medial temporal lobe structures identifies an ERC1 locus using ADNI high-resolution T2-weighted MRI data. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:81-93. [PMID: 32768867 PMCID: PMC7609616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Medial temporal lobe (MTL) consists of hippocampal subfields and neighboring cortices. These heterogeneous structures are differentially involved in memory, cognitive and emotional functions, and present nonuniformly distributed atrophy contributing to cognitive disorders. This study aims to examine how genetics influences Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis via MTL substructures by analyzing high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We performed genome-wide association study to examine the associations between 565,373 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 14 MTL substructure volumes. A novel association with right Brodmann area 36 volume was discovered in an ERC1 SNP (i.e., rs2968869). Further analyses on larger samples found rs2968869 to be associated with gray matter density and glucose metabolism measures in the right hippocampus, and disease status. Tissue-specific transcriptomic analysis identified the minor allele of rs2968869 (rs2968869-C) to be associated with reduced ERC1 expression in the hippocampus. All the findings indicated a protective role of rs2968869-C in AD. We demonstrated the power of high-resolution MRI and the promise of fine-grained MTL substructures for revealing the genetic basis of AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Cong
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhi Huang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Kim HR, Lee P, Seo SW, Roh JH, Oh M, Oh JS, Oh SJ, Kim JS, Jeong Y. Comparison of Amyloid β and Tau Spread Models in Alzheimer's Disease. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4291-4302. [PMID: 30566579 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau and amyloid β (Aβ), 2 key pathogenic proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD), reportedly spread throughout the brain as the disease progresses. Models of how these pathogenic proteins spread from affected to unaffected areas had been proposed based on the observation that these proteins could transmit to other regions either through neural fibers (transneuronal spread model) or through extracellular space (local spread model). In this study, we modeled the spread of tau and Aβ using a graph theoretical approach based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We tested whether these models predict the distribution of tau and Aβ in the brains of AD spectrum patients. To assess the models' performance, we calculated spatial correlation between the model-predicted map and the actual map from tau and amyloid positron emission tomography. The transneuronal spread model predicted the distribution of tau and Aβ deposition with significantly higher accuracy than the local spread model. Compared with tau, the local spread model also predicted a comparable portion of Aβ deposition. These findings provide evidence of transneuronal spread of AD pathogenic proteins in a large-scale brain network and furthermore suggest different contributions of spread models for tau and Aβ in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Rai Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Lee
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
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11
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Chanisa C, Monchaya N, Anchisa K, Chetsadaporn P, Attapon J. Analysis of amyloid and tau deposition in Alzheimer's disease using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B and 18F-THK 5351 positron emission tomography imaging. World J Nucl Med 2020; 20:61-72. [PMID: 33850491 PMCID: PMC8034795 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_50_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the deposition of 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB) and 18F-THK 5351 using a normal database of the optimal cut-off-points for standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Sixteen AD patients and 24 cognitively normal individuals were enrolled in this study. The optimal cutoff points for the SUVR from the normal database were used for quantitative analysis. P-mod software with the Automated Anatomical Labeling merged atlas was employed to generate automatic volumes of interest to identify different brain regions, and the SUVRs of AD patients were compared with those of the age-matched normal controls. The correlation between PiB and THK5351 deposition at matching brain regions was identified. The mean regional 11C-PiB SUVRs of the AD patients were significantly higher than the healthy controls (P < 0.05). The 11C-PiB SUVR cut-offs were 1.46–1.81, with sensitivity ranging from 81.25% to 93.75% and specificity of 100%. The mean SUVRs of 18F-THK 5351 in various regions were also significantly higher in the AD patients than in the healthy controls (P < 0.05). The inferior temporal gyrus yielded an optimum SUVR cut-off-points of 1.5 with 80% sensitivity and 83.33% specificity. The correlation of PiB and THK5351 SUVR was reported at precuneus, parietal, and occipital brain areas, with spearman's rho of 0.67, 0.66, and 0.72, respectively. Our findings allow determination of the SUVRs of 11C-PiB and 18F-THK-5351 amyloid and tau positron emission tomography tracers for clinical use, according to the normal database of the optimal cut-off-points for SUVRs in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chotipanich Chanisa
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nivorn Monchaya
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kunawudhi Anchisa
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jantarato Attapon
- National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Fung CW, Guo J, Fu H, Figueroa HY, Konofagou EE, Duff KE. Atrophy associated with tau pathology precedes overt cell death in a mouse model of progressive tauopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eabc8098. [PMID: 33067235 PMCID: PMC7567584 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) first develops in the entorhinal cortex (EC), then spreads to the hippocampus, followed by the neocortex. Overall, tau pathology correlates well with neurodegeneration and cell loss, but the spatial and temporal association between tau pathology and overt volume loss (atrophy) associated with structural changes or cell loss is unclear. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with tensor-based morphometry (TBM), we mapped the spatiotemporal pattern of structural changes in a mouse model of AD-like progressive tauopathy. A novel, coregistered in vivo MRI atlas was then applied to identify regions in the medial temporal lobe that had a significant volume reduction. Our study shows that in a mouse model of tauopathy spread, the propagation of tau pathology from the EC to the hippocampus is associated with TBM-related atrophy, but atrophy in the dentate gyrus and subiculum precedes overt cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine W Fung
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, Discovery Themes, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Helen Y Figueroa
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elisa E Konofagou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Karen E Duff
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
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13
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Wu SZ, Masurkar AV, Balcer LJ. Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:572337. [PMID: 33061906 PMCID: PMC7518395 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.572337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision, which requires extensive neural involvement, is often impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the last few decades, accumulating evidence has shown that various visual functions and structures are compromised in Alzheimer's dementia and when measured can detect those with dementia from those with normal aging. These visual changes involve both the afferent and efferent parts of the visual system, which correspond to the sensory and eye movement aspects of vision, respectively. There are fewer, but a growing number of studies, that focus on the detection of predementia stages. Visual biomarkers that detect these stages are paramount in the development of successful disease-modifying therapies by identifying appropriate research participants and in identifying those who would receive future therapies. This review provides a summary and update on common afferent and efferent visual markers of AD with a focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical disease detection. We further propose future directions in this area. Given the ease of performing visual tests, the accessibility of the eye, and advances in ocular technology, visual measures have the potential to be effective, practical, and non-invasive biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Z. Wu
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arjun V. Masurkar
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura J. Balcer
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Yan S, Zheng C, Paranjpe MD, Li J, Benzinger TL, Lu J, Zhou Y. Association of sex and APOE ε4 with brain tau deposition and atrophy in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Theranostics 2020; 10:10563-10572. [PMID: 32929366 PMCID: PMC7482805 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the association of sex and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele with brain tau deposition and atrophy in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using quantitative 18F-AV-1451 positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Preprocessed 18F-AV-1451 tau PET, raw T1-weighted structural MR images, demographic information, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) measurements from 57 elderly individuals with AD were downloaded from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. An iteratively reblurred Van Cittert partial volume correction (PVC) method was applied to all preprocessed PET images. MRI images were used for PET spatial normalization and gray matter volume calculation. 18F-AV-1451 PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated relative to the cerebellum gray matter. The effect of sex and APOE ε4 status on SUVR and gray matter volume were assessed at both region of interest (ROI) and voxelwise levels. Results: Female APOE ε4 carriers (FACs) had significant higher 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs in the lateral temporal, parietal, posterior cingulate, medial temporal, inferior temporal, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus regions, and exhibited smaller gray matter volumes in the posterior cingulate, medial temporal, inferior temporal and amygdala regions, as compared to the non-FACs (NFACs) comprised of female APOE ε4 non-carriers, male APOE ε4 carriers and male APOE ε4 non-carriers. Voxelwise analysis revealed forebrain and limbic clusters with greater 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs and lower gray matter volume between FACs compared to the NFACs. Negative correlations between ROI 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs and gray matter volumes were significant after adjusting for age and years of education. Conclusions: Among elderly individuals with AD, sex modified the effects of the APOE ε4 allele on region-specific tau deposition and gray matter volume. FACs had elevated brain region-specific tau PET SUVR and decreased gray matter volume in comparison to NFACs. The study provides a basis for the use of precision medicine in the diagnosis of AD and evaluation of therapeutics using 18F-AV-1451 PET and structural MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Yan
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chaojie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Manish D Paranjpe
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L.S. Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington in St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Uzuegbunam BC, Librizzi D, Hooshyar Yousefi B. PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis, the Current and Future Landscape. Molecules 2020; 25:E977. [PMID: 32098280 PMCID: PMC7070523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ironically, population aging which is considered a public health success has been accompanied by a myriad of new health challenges, which include neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), the incidence of which increases proportionally to age. Among them, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common, with the misfolding and the aggregation of proteins being common and causal in the pathogenesis of both diseases. AD is characterized by the presence of hyperphosphorylated τ protein (tau), which is the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques the main component of which is β-amyloid peptide aggregates (Aβ). The neuropathological hallmark of PD is α-synuclein aggregates (α-syn), which are present as insoluble fibrils, the primary structural component of Lewy body (LB) and neurites (LN). An increasing number of non-invasive PET examinations have been used for AD, to monitor the pathological progress (hallmarks) of disease. Notwithstanding, still the need for the development of novel detection tools for other proteinopathies still remains. This review, although not exhaustively, looks at the timeline of the development of existing tracers used in the imaging of Aβ and important moments that led to the development of these tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damiano Librizzi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Behrooz Hooshyar Yousefi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, and Neuroimaging Center, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany;
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16
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McCluskey SP, Plisson C, Rabiner EA, Howes O. Advances in CNS PET: the state-of-the-art for new imaging targets for pathophysiology and drug development. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:451-489. [PMID: 31541283 PMCID: PMC6974496 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A limit on developing new treatments for a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders has been the inadequate understanding of the in vivo pathophysiology underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders and the lack of in vivo tools to determine brain penetrance, target engagement, and relevant molecular activity of novel drugs. Molecular neuroimaging provides the tools to address this. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of new PET tracers for CNS targets, focusing on developments in the last 5 years for targets recently available for in-human imaging. METHODS We provide an overview of the criteria used to evaluate PET tracers. We then used the National Institute of Mental Health Research Priorities list to identify the key CNS targets. We conducted a PubMed search (search period 1st of January 2013 to 31st of December 2018), which yielded 40 new PET tracers across 16 CNS targets which met our selectivity criteria. For each tracer, we summarised the evidence of its properties and potential for use in studies of CNS pathophysiology and drug evaluation, including its target selectivity and affinity, inter and intra-subject variability, and pharmacokinetic parameters. We also consider its potential limitations and missing characterisation data, but not specific applications in drug development. Where multiple tracers were present for a target, we provide a comparison of their properties. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our review shows that multiple new tracers have been developed for proteinopathy targets, particularly tau, as well as the purinoceptor P2X7, phosphodiesterase enzyme PDE10A, and synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), amongst others. Some of the most promising of these include 18F-MK-6240 for tau imaging, 11C-UCB-J for imaging SV2A, 11C-CURB and 11C-MK-3168 for characterisation of fatty acid amide hydrolase, 18F-FIMX for metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, and 18F-MNI-444 for imaging adenosine 2A. Our review also identifies recurrent issues within the field. Many of the tracers discussed lack in vivo blocking data, reducing confidence in selectivity. Additionally, late-stage identification of substantial off-target sites for multiple tracers highlights incomplete pre-clinical characterisation prior to translation, as well as human disease state studies carried out without confirmation of test-retest reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart P McCluskey
- Invicro LLC, A Konica Minolta Company, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Christophe Plisson
- Invicro LLC, A Konica Minolta Company, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro LLC, A Konica Minolta Company, Burlington Danes Building, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Intra-individual correlations between quantitative THK-5351 PET and MRI-derived cortical volume in Alzheimer's disease differ according to disease severity and amyloid positivity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226265. [PMID: 31834916 PMCID: PMC6910674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the in vivo whole-brain relationship between uptake of [18F]THK-5351 on PET and cortical atrophy on structural MRI according to the presence and severity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Materials and methods Sixty-five participants (21 normal controls, 32 mild cognitive impairment [MCI] subjects, and 12 AD patients) were enrolled from a prospective multicenter clinical trial (NCT02656498). Structural MRI and [18F]THK-5351 PET were performed within a 2-month interval. Cortical volume and standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) were calculated from MRI and PET images, respectively, for 35 FreeSurfer-derived cortical regions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between SUVR and cortical volume were calculated for the same regions, and correlated regions were compared according to disease severity and β-amyloid PET positivity. Results No significantly correlated regions were found in the normal controls. Negative correlations between SUVR and cortical volume were found in the MCI and AD groups, mainly in limbic locations in MCI and isocortical locations in AD. The AD group exhibited stronger correlations (r = −0.576–0.781) than the MCI group (r = 0.368–0.571). Hippocampal atrophy did not show any correlation with SUVR in the β-amyloid PET-negative group, but negatively correlated with SUVR (r = −0.494, P = .012) in the β-amyloid PET-positive group. Conclusions Regional THK-5351 uptake correlated more strongly with cortical atrophy in AD compared with MCI, thereby demonstrating a close relationship between the neuro-pathologic process and cortical atrophy. Hippocampal atrophy was associated with both β-amyloid and THK-5351 uptake, possibly reflecting an interaction between β-amyloid and tau deposition in the neurodegeneration process.
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18
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Gyanwali B, Shaik MA, Tan CS, Vrooman H, Venketasubramanian N, Chen C, Hilal S. Mixed-location cerebral microbleeds as a biomarker of neurodegeneration in a memory clinic population. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10581-10596. [PMID: 31767809 PMCID: PMC6914397 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in the lobar and deep locations are associated with two distinct pathologies: cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive arteriopathy. However, the role of mixed-location CMBs in neurodegeneration remains unexplored. We investigated the associations between strictly lobar, strictly deep and mixed-location CMBs with markers of neurodegeneration. This study recruited 477 patients from a memory clinic who underwent 3T MRI scans. CMBs were categorized into strictly lobar, strictly deep and mixed-location. Cortical thickness, white matter volume and subcortical structural volumes were quantified using Free-Surfer. Linear regression models were performed to assess the association between CMBs and cerebral atrophy, and the mean difference (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. In the regression analyses, mixed-location CMBs were associated with smaller cortical thickness of limbic region [β= -0.01; 95% CI= -0.02, -0.00, p=0.007) as well as with smaller accumbens volume [β= -0.01; 95% CI= -0.02, -0.00, p=0.004) and presubiculum region of hippocampus [β= -0.01; 95% CI= -0.02, -0.00, p=0.002). Strictly lobar CMBs were associated with smaller total white matter volume [β= -0.03; 95% CI= -0.04, -0.01, p<0.001] and with region specific white matter volumes. The underlying mechanism requires further research and may involve shared mechanisms of vascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Gyanwali
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Amin Shaik
- Ageing Research Institute for Society and Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henri Vrooman
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Departments of Epidemiology and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Matsuda H, Shigemoto Y, Sato N. Neuroimaging of Alzheimer's disease: focus on amyloid and tau PET. Jpn J Radiol 2019; 37:735-749. [PMID: 31493197 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-019-00867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the diagnosis of dementia is still largely a clinical one, based on history and disease course, neuroimaging has dramatically increased our ability to accurately diagnose it. Neuroimaging modalities now play a wider role in dementia beyond their traditional role of excluding neurosurgical lesions and are recommended in most clinical guidelines for dementia. In addition, new neuroimaging methods facilitate the diagnosis of most neurodegenerative conditions after symptom onset and show diagnostic promise even in the very early or presymptomatic phases of some diseases. In the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles are the two neuropathological hallmarks of the disease. Recent molecular imaging techniques using amyloid and tau PET ligands have led to preclinical diagnosis and improved differential diagnosis as well as narrowed subject selection and treatment monitoring in clinical trials aimed at delaying or preventing the symptomatic phase of AD. This review discusses the recent progress in amyloid and tau PET imaging and the key findings achieved by the use of this molecular imaging modality related to the respective roles of Aβ and tau in AD, as well as its specific limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
| | - Yoko Shigemoto
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
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20
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Gaynor LS, Curiel RE, Penate A, Rosselli M, Burke SN, Wicklund M, Loewenstein DA, Bauer RM. Visual Object Discrimination Impairment as an Early Predictor of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2019; 25:688-698. [PMID: 31111810 PMCID: PMC6688903 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617719000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Detection of cognitive impairment suggestive of risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression is crucial to the prevention of incipient dementia. This study was performed to determine if performance on a novel object discrimination task improved identification of earlier deficits in older adults at risk for AD. METHOD In total, 135 participants from the 1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center [cognitively normal (CN), Pre-mild cognitive impairment (PreMCI), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and dementia] completed a test of object discrimination and traditional memory measures in the context of a larger neuropsychological and clinical evaluation. RESULTS The Object Recognition and Discrimination Task (ORDT) revealed significant differences between the PreMCI, aMCI, and dementia groups versus CN individuals. Moreover, relative risk of being classified as PreMCI rather than CN increased as an inverse function of ORDT score. DISCUSSION Overall, the obtained results suggest that a novel object discrimination task improves the detection of very early AD-related cognitive impairment, increasing the window for therapeutic intervention. (JINS, 2019, 25, 688-698).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie S. Gaynor
- Clinical and Health Psychology Department, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rosie E. Curiel
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Cognitive
Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami,
Florida
- 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | - Ailyn Penate
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease and Memory
Disorders, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Mónica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca
Raton, Florida
- 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | - Sara N. Burke
- McKnight Brain Institute and Department of Neuroscience,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | - Meredith Wicklund
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of
Medicine, University of Florida
- 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | - David A. Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Cognitive
Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami,
Florida
- 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
| | - Russell M. Bauer
- Clinical and Health Psychology Department, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- 1Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
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21
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Ogawa M, Sone D, Beheshti I, Maikusa N, Okita K, Takano H, Matsuda H. Association between subfield volumes of the medial temporal lobe and cognitive assessments. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01828. [PMID: 31194147 PMCID: PMC6551380 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive assessments and neuroimaging are routinely combined in clinical practice to diagnose dementia represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is reported to be more suitable than the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for screening mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild AD. On the other hand, attention to the subfield volumes of the medial temporal lobe has recently been considered important for the differential diagnosis and early detection of AD. The aim of this study was to uncover which specific hippocampal subfields and adjacent extrahippocampal structures contribute to deficits in cognitive assessment scores in patients with MCI and AD. We recruited from our institute 31 Japanese patients—14 with amnestic MCI and 17 with probable AD, with a clinical dementia rating (CDR) of 0.5 and 1, respectively—and 50 healthy elderly individuals with a CDR of 0. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessments with the MMSE, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory I and II, and Japanese version of the MoCA (MoCA-J). With adjustment for age and sex, we performed partial correlation analysis of the cognitive assessment scores with the subfield volumes of the medial temporal lobe measured by software-mediated automatic segmentation of hippocampal subfields using high-resolution T1-and T2-weighted images. Compared with normal controls, patients with MCI and AD showed subfield volume reductions in cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2, Brodmann area (BA) 35, BA36, the dentate gyrus (DG), the subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex (ERC). All participants showed high correlation coefficients (above 0.6) between cognitive assessment scores and subfield volumes in CA1, the DG, the subiculum, the ERC, and BA36. In patients with MCI and AD, the MoCA-J showed higher correlations than the MMSE with subfield volumes in CA1, the DG, the subiculum, and the ERC. These results suggest that the combination of the in vivo analysis of subfield morphometry of the medial temporal lobe with the MoCA-J paradigm provides important insights into whether changes within specific subfields are related to the cognitive profile in MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Ogawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iman Beheshti
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Okita
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Automated Volumetry of Medial Temporal Lobe Subregions in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2019; 33:206-211. [PMID: 31135455 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hippocampal subfield volumetry should be more useful than whole hippocampal (WH) volumetry for diagnosing Alzheimer disease (AD). This study sought to confirm this. METHODS We investigated cognitively normal (CN) participants and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD using high-resolution T2-weighted and 3-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Using medial temporal subregion volumetry, we investigated discriminative power for MCI and AD versus CN. PATIENTS We recruited 30 CN participants, 30 amnestic MCI patients, and 49 AD patients between April 2015 and October 2016. RESULTS For AD, discriminative power of the combined volumes of the subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and cornu ammonis 1 was highest [area under the curve (AUC)=0.915; 85.7% sensitivity, 86.7% specificity, 86.1% accuracy], and was significantly higher than that of the WH volume (AUC=0.887; 90.0% sensitivity, 75.5% specificity, 84.5% accuracy) (P=0.019). For MCI, discriminative power of the subiculum volume was highest (AUC=0.747; 80.0% sensitivity, 73.3% specificity, 76.7% accuracy), but was only slightly higher than that of the WH volume (AUC=0.730; 56.7% sensitivity, 90.0% specificity, 73.3% accuracy). CONCLUSIONS Using the combined volumes of the subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and cornu ammonis 1 may enable greater diagnostic accuracy compared with the WH volume or any single subfield in AD patients.
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23
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Prato FS, Pavlosky WF, Foster SC, Thiessen JD, Beaujot RP. Screening for Dementia Caused by Modifiable Lifestyle Choices Using Hybrid PET/MRI. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2019; 3:31-45. [PMID: 30842996 PMCID: PMC6400112 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain imaging in the early detection of dementia indicate that hybrid PET/MRI would be an effective tool to screen for dementia in the population living with lifestyle risk factors. Here we investigate the associated costs and benefits along with the needed imaging infrastructure. A demographic analysis determined the prevalence of dementia and its incidence. The expected value of the screening program was calculated assuming a sensitivity and specificity of 0.9, a prevalence of 0.1, a QALY factor of 0.348, a willingness to pay $114,000 CAD and the cost per PET/MRI scan of $2,000 CAD. It was assumed that each head PET/MRI could screen 3,000 individuals per year. The prevalence of dementia is increasing by almost two-fold every 20 years due to the increased population at ages where dementia is more prevalent. It has been shown that a five-year delay in the incidence of dementia would decrease the prevalence by some 45%. In Canada, a five-year delay corresponds to a health care savings of $27,000 CAD per subject per year. The expected value for screening was estimated at $23,745 CAD. The number of subjects to be screened per year in Canada, USA, and China between 60 and 79 was 11,405,000. The corresponding number of head-only hybrid PET/MRI systems needed is 3,800. A brain PET/MRI screening program is financially justifiable with respect to health care costs and justifies the continuing development of MRI compatible brain PET technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank S. Prato
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - William F. Pavlosky
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan D. Thiessen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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24
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Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents a transitional stage between healthy aging and dementia, and affects 10-15% of the population over the age of 65. The failure of drug trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment has shifted researchers' focus toward delaying progression from MCI to dementia, which would reduce the prevalence and costs of dementia profoundly. Diagnostic criteria for MCI increasingly emphasize the need for positive biomarkers to detect preclinical AD. The phenomenology of MCI comprises lower quality-of-life, greater symptoms of depression, and avoidant coping strategies including withdrawal from social engagement. Neurobiological features of MCI are hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in temporoparietal cortices, medial temporal lobe atrophy particularly in rhinal cortices, elevated tau and phosphorylated tau and decreased Aβ42 in cerebrospinal fluid, and brain Aβ42 deposition. Elevated tau can be identified in MCI, particularly in the entorhinal cortex, using positron emission tomography, and analysis of signal complexity using electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography holds promise as a biomarker. Assessment of MCI also relies on cognitive screening and neuropsychological assessment, but there is an urgent need for standardized cognitive tests to capitalize on recent discoveries in cognitive neuroscience that may lead to more sensitive measures of MCI. Cholinesterase inhibitors are frequently prescribed for MCI, despite the lack of evidence for their efficacy. Exercise and diet interventions hold promise for increasing reserve in MCI, and group psychoeducational programs teaching practical memory strategies appear effective. More work is needed to better understand the phenomenology and neurobiology of MCI, and how best to assess it and delay progression to dementia.
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25
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Shigemoto Y, Sone D, Maikusa N, Okamura N, Furumoto S, Kudo Y, Ogawa M, Takano H, Yokoi Y, Sakata M, Tsukamoto T, Kato K, Sato N, Matsuda H. Association of deposition of tau and amyloid-β proteins with structural connectivity changes in cognitively normal older adults and Alzheimer's disease spectrum patients. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01145. [PMID: 30358161 PMCID: PMC6305935 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. The recent advent of tau positron emission tomography (PET) has enabled in vivo assessment of tau pathology. The aim of this study was to explore whether tau deposition influences the structural connectivity in amyloid-negative and amyloid-positive groups, and further explore the difference between the groups. METHODS We investigated 18 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment/mild AD (AD-spectrum group) and 35 cognitively normal older adults (CN group) using diffusion MRI, amyloid, and tau PET imaging. Diffusion connectometry was performed to identify white matter pathways correlated with each of the six variables of tau deposition in the bilateral hippocampi, temporal lobes, posterior and anterior cingulate cortices, precunei, orbitofrontal lobes, and entire cerebrum. RESULTS The CN group showed increased connectivity along with an increased tau deposition in the bilateral hippocampi, temporal lobes, and entire cerebrum, whereas the AD-spectrum group showed decreased connectivity in the bilateral hippocampi, temporal lobes, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, precunei, and entire cerebrum. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that tau deposition in the CN group seems to induce a compensatory response against early neuronal injury or chronic inflammation associated with normal aging, whereas the coexistence of amyloid and tau in the AD-spectrum group seems to outweigh the compensatory response leading to decreased connectivity, suggesting that amyloid plays a crucial role in alternating structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Shigemoto
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Geriatric and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukitsuka Kudo
- Department of Geriatric and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayo Ogawa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuma Yokoi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masuhiro Sakata
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Okamura N, Harada R, Ishiki A, Kikuchi A, Nakamura T, Kudo Y. The development and validation of tau PET tracers: current status and future directions. Clin Transl Imaging 2018; 6:305-316. [PMID: 30148121 PMCID: PMC6096533 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To provide an overview on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Results Different classes of tau tracers such as flortaucipir, THK5317, and PBB3 have been developed and utilized in previous clinical studies. In AD, the topographical distribution of tracer binding follows the known distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and is closely associated with neurodegeneration as well as the clinical phenotype of dementia. Significant retention of tracers has also been observed in the frequent site of the 4-repeat (4R) tau isoform deposits in non-AD tauopathies, such as in progressive supranuclear palsy. However, in vitro binding studies indicate that most tau tracers are less sensitive to straight tau filaments, in contrast to their high binding affinity to paired helical filaments of tau (PHF-tau). The first-generation of tau tracers shows off-target binding in the basal ganglia, midbrain, thalamus, choroid plexus, and venous sinus. Off-target binding of THK5351 to monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) has been observed in disease-associated brain regions linked to neurodegeneration and is associated with astrogliosis in areas of misfolded protein accumulation. The second generation of tau tracers, such as [18F]MK-6240, is highly selective to PHF-tau with little off-target binding and have enabled the reliable assessment of PHF-tau burden in aging and AD. Conclusions Tau PET tracers have enabled in vivo quantification of PHF-tau burden in human brains. Tau PET can help in understanding the underlying cause of dementia symptoms, and in patient selection for clinical trials of anti-dementia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Okamura
- 1Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,3Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Harada
- 2Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Ishiki
- 3Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akio Kikuchi
- 4Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadaho Nakamura
- 1Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukitsuka Kudo
- 3Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Kim H, Han H. Computer-Aided Multi-Target Management of Emergent Alzheimer's Disease. Bioinformation 2018; 14:167-180. [PMID: 29983487 PMCID: PMC6016757 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an enormous global health burden in terms of human suffering and economic cost. AD management requires a shift from the prevailing paradigm targeting pathogenesis to design and develop effective drugs with adequate success in clinical trials. Therefore, it is of interest to report a review on amyloid beta (Aβ) effects and other multi-targets including cholinesterase, NFTs, tau protein and TNF associated with brain cell death to be neuro-protective from AD. It should be noted that these molecules have been generated either by target-based or phenotypic methods. Hence, the use of recent advancements in nanomedicine and other natural compounds screening tools as a feasible alternative for circumventing specific liabilities is realized. We review recent developments in the design and identification of neuro-degenerative compounds against AD generated using current advancements in computational multi-target modeling algorithms reflected by theragnosis (combination of diagnostic tests and therapy) concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjo Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, Ajou Medical University Hospital, Suwon, Kyeounggido province, South Korea
| | - Hyunwook Han
- Department of Informatics, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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