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Kültz D, Gardell AM, DeTomaso A, Stoney G, Rinkevich B, Rinkevich Y, Qarri A, Dong W, Luu B, Lin M. Deep quantitative proteomics of North American Pacific coast star tunicate (Botryllus schlosseri). Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300628. [PMID: 38400697 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Botryllus schlosseri, is a model marine invertebrate for studying immunity, regeneration, and stress-induced evolution. Conditions for validating its predicted proteome were optimized using nanoElute® 2 deep-coverage LCMS, revealing up to 4930 protein groups and 20,984 unique peptides per sample. Spectral libraries were generated and filtered to remove interferences, low-quality transitions, and only retain proteins with >3 unique peptides. The resulting DIA assay library enabled label-free quantitation of 3426 protein groups represented by 22,593 unique peptides. Quantitative comparisons of single systems from a laboratory-raised with two field-collected populations revealed (1) a more unique proteome in the laboratory-raised population, and (2) proteins with high/low individual variabilities in each population. DNA repair/replication, ion transport, and intracellular signaling processes were distinct in laboratory-cultured colonies. Spliceosome and Wnt signaling proteins were the least variable (highly functionally constrained) in all populations. In conclusion, we present the first colonial tunicate's deep quantitative proteome analysis, identifying functional protein clusters associated with laboratory conditions, different habitats, and strong versus relaxed abundance constraints. These results empower research on B. schlosseri with proteomics resources and enable quantitative molecular phenotyping of changes associated with transfer from in situ to ex situ and from in vivo to in vitro culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Kültz
- Department of Animal Sciences & Genome Center, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alison M Gardell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony DeTomaso
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Goleta, California, USA
| | - Greg Stoney
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Goleta, California, USA
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanography & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Regenerative Biology and Medicine Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Andy Qarri
- Israel Oceanography & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Regenerative Biology and Medicine Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Weizhen Dong
- Department of Animal Sciences & Genome Center, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brenda Luu
- Department of Animal Sciences & Genome Center, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mandy Lin
- Department of Animal Sciences & Genome Center, University of California Davis, Meyer Hall, Davis, California, USA
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Bisanti L, La Corte C, Dara M, Bertini F, Vizioli J, Parisi MG, Cammarata M, Parrinello D. The Interplay of TLR-NFκB Signalling Pathway and Functional Immune-Related Enzymes in the Inflammatory Response of Ciona robusta. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2169. [PMID: 39123695 PMCID: PMC11310991 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The close phylogenetic relationship between ascidians (Tunicata) and vertebrates makes them a powerful model for studying the innate immune system. To better understand the nature and dynamics of immune responses and the mechanisms through which bacterial infections are detected and translated into inflammation in Ciona robusta, we applied an approach combining in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, immune-labelling techniques and functional enzymatic analyses. The immunohistochemistry showed that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) were expressed during the inflammatory pharynx response 4 h post-LPS, with the formation of nodules in pharynx vessel lumen. Also, the endothelium vessels were involved in the inflammatory response. Observations of histological sections from naive and buffer-inoculated ascidians confirmed an immuno-positive response. Enzyme immune parameters-which included the activity of phenoloxidase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and esterase-showed up-modulation 4 h after LPS injection, confirming their participation during ascidian inflammatory response. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the LPS-induced C. robusta response and suggest that a broad innate immune mechanism, as in vertebrates, is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. Further findings in this direction are needed to cover knowledge gaps regarding the organized set of molecular and cellular networks involved in universal immune interactions with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bisanti
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (C.L.C.); (F.B.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia La Corte
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (C.L.C.); (F.B.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariano Dara
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (C.L.C.); (F.B.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Bertini
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (C.L.C.); (F.B.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vizioli
- Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (Inserm U1192), Département de Biologie, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maria Giovanna Parisi
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (C.L.C.); (F.B.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (C.L.C.); (F.B.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Parrinello
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (L.B.); (C.L.C.); (F.B.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Krasovec G, Renaud C, Quéinnec É, Sasakura Y, Chambon JP. Extrinsic apoptosis participates to tail regression during the metamorphosis of the chordate Ciona. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5729. [PMID: 38459045 PMCID: PMC10923776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a regulated cell death ubiquitous in animals defined by morphological features depending on caspases. Two regulation pathways are described, currently named the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptosis. While intrinsic apoptosis is well studied and considered ancestral among metazoans, extrinsic apoptosis is poorly studied outside mammals. Here, we address extrinsic apoptosis in the urochordates Ciona, belonging to the sister group of vertebrates. During metamorphosis, Ciona larvae undergo a tail regression depending on tissue contraction, migration and apoptosis. Apoptosis begin at the tail tip and propagates towards the trunk as a polarized wave. We identified Ci-caspase 8/10 by phylogenetic analysis as homolog to vertebrate caspases 8 and 10 that are the specific initiator of extrinsic apoptosis. We detected Ci-caspase 8/10 expression in Ciona larvae, especially at the tail tip. We showed that chemical inhibition of Ci-caspase 8/10 leads to a delay of tail regression, and Ci-caspase 8/10 loss of function induced an incomplete tail regression. The specificity between apoptotic pathways and initiator caspase suggests that extrinsic apoptosis regulates cell death during the tail regression. Our study presents rare in vivo work on extrinsic apoptosis outside mammals, and contribute to the discussion on its evolutionary history in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Krasovec
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France.
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan.
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Renaud
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Éric Quéinnec
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
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La Paglia L, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Urso A, Arizza V, Vizzini A. Bioactive Molecules from the Innate Immunity of Ascidians and Innovative Methods of Drug Discovery: A Computational Approach Based on Artificial Intelligence. Mar Drugs 2023; 22:6. [PMID: 38276644 PMCID: PMC10817596 DOI: 10.3390/md22010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of bioactive molecules of marine origin has created an important bridge between biological knowledge and its applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. Current studies in different research fields, such as biomedicine, aim to discover marine molecules characterized by biological activities that can be used to produce potential drugs for human use. In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to a particular group of marine invertebrates, the Ascidians, as they are a source of bioactive products. We describe omics data and computational methods relevant to identifying the mechanisms and processes of innate immunity underlying the biosynthesis of bioactive molecules, focusing on innovative computational approaches based on Artificial Intelligence. Since there is increasing attention on finding new solutions for a sustainable supply of bioactive compounds, we propose that a possible improvement in the biodiscovery pipeline might also come from the study and utilization of marine invertebrates' innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura La Paglia
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.U.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Alfonso Urso
- Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni–Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.P.); (A.U.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche–Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (M.M.); (V.A.)
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5
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Hendin N, Gordon T, Shenkar N, Wurtzel O. Molecular characterization of the immediate wound response of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1968-1981. [PMID: 36001356 PMCID: PMC10087333 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury response is key to successful regeneration. Yet, transcriptome analyses of injury response were performed only on a handful of regenerative organisms. Here, we studied the injury response of the solitary ascidian Polycarpa mytiligera, an emerging model system, capable of regenerating any body part. We used the siphon as a model for studying transcriptional changes following injury, and identified genes that were activated in the initial 24 hours post amputation (hpa). RESULTS Highly conserved genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP1), growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and IL-17, were upregulated by 12 hpa, yet their expression was sustained only in non-regenerating tissue fragments. We optimized fluorescent in situ hybridization, and found that the majority of BMP1+ cells were localized to the rigid tunic that covers the animal. This highlights the importance of this tissue, particularly during injury response. BMP1 was overexpressed following injuries to other body regions, suggesting that it was a part of a common injury-induced program. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that, initially, specific injury-induced genes were upregulated in P. mytiligera organs, yet, later, a unique transcriptional profile was observed only in regenerating tissues. These findings highlight the importance of studying diverse regenerating and non-regenerating organisms for complete understanding of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Hendin
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Tal Gordon
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Noa Shenkar
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity StudiesTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Omri Wurtzel
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, George S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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6
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Krasovec G, Karaiskou A, Quéinnec É, Chambon JP. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals gene regulation mediated by caspase activity in a chordate organism. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:51. [PMID: 34615460 PMCID: PMC8495957 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is a caspase regulated cell death present in all metazoans defined by a conserved set of morphological features. A well-described function of apoptosis is the removal of excessive cells during development and homeostasis. Recent studies have shown an unexpected signalling property of apoptotic cells, affecting cell fate and/or behaviour of neighbouring cells. In contrast to the apoptotic function of cell elimination, this new role of apoptosis is not well understood but seems caspase-dependent. To deepen our understanding of apoptotic functions, it is necessary to work on a biological model with a predictable apoptosis pattern affecting cell fate and/or behaviour. The tunicate Ciona intestinalis has a bi-phasic life cycle with swimming larvae which undergo metamorphosis after settlement. Previously, we have shown that the tail regression step during metamorphosis, characterized by a predictable polarized apoptotic wave, ensures elimination of most tail cells and controls primordial germ cells survival and migration. RESULTS We performed differential transcriptomic analysis between control metamorphosing larvae and larvae treated with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk in order to explore the transcriptional control of apoptotic cells on neighbouring cells that survive and migrate. When caspase activity was impaired, genes known to be involved in metamorphosis were downregulated along with other implicated in cell migration and survival molecular pathways. CONCLUSION We propose these results as a confirmation that apoptotic cells can control surrounding cells fate and as a reference database to explore novel apoptotic functions in animals, including those related to migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Krasovec
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, 7 Quai St-Bernard, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France. .,Center for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Anthi Karaiskou
- INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Éric Quéinnec
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, 7 Quai St-Bernard, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Chambon
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Montpellier Univ., CNRS, 34000, Montpellier, France
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Vizzini A, Dumas F, Di Falco F, Arizza V. Evolutionary and transcriptional analyses of a pentraxin-like component family involved in the LPS inflammatory response of Ciona robusta. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 111:94-101. [PMID: 33513439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pentraxins (PTXs) are a superfamily of conserved proteins which are components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. They are considered to be functional ancestors of antibodies and are classified into short and long types. In this study, we show that a pentraxin-like component (Ptx-like) with a C-terminal PTX domain, highly homologous to the short PTX of H. sapiens CRP, and a long N-terminal domain typical of long PTXs, is involved in the inflammatory response of Ciona robusta under LPS exposure in vivo. Analyses of protein domains as well as 3D modelling and phylogenetic tree supported the close relationship of Ptx-like with mammalian CRP, suggesting that C. robusta Ptx-like shares a common ancestor in the chordate lineages. qRT-PCR analysis showed that Ptx-like was transcriptionally upregulated during the inflammatory process induced by LPS inoculation and that it is involved in the initial phase as well as the secondary phase of the inflammatory response in which matrix remodelling and the achievement of homeostasis occur. In situ hybridisation assays revealed that gene transcription was upregulated in the pharynx post-LPS challenge in vivo, and that Ptx-like was expressed by clusters of haemocytes, mainly granulocytes, inside the pharynx vessels. We also found transcript-expressing granulocytes flowing in the musculature and in the lacunae of the circulatory system. These data supported that Ptx-like is a potential molecule of the acute-phase response in C. robusta immune defence systems against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche - Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Dumas
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche - Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Felicia Di Falco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche - Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche - Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
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Longo V, Longo A, Martorana A, Lauria A, Augello G, Azzolina A, Cervello M, Colombo P. Identification of an LPS-Induced Chemo-Attractive Peptide from Ciona robusta. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040209. [PMID: 32290587 PMCID: PMC7230320 DOI: 10.3390/md18040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previously published work has demonstrated that the LPS injection of Ciona robusta leads to the overexpression of a truncated form of an immune-related mRNA (C8short) by means of Ciona robusta (CR) alternative polyadenylation (APA) (CR-APA). Methods: The 3D structure of the C8short-derived Ciona robusta chemo-attractive peptide (CrCP) was evaluated by homology modeling. The biological activity of the CrCP was studied in vitro using a primary human dermal cell line (HuDe). Real-Time PCR was used to investigate the expression levels of genes involved in cell motility. NF-κB signaling was studied by western blotting. Results: In silico modeling showed that CrCP displayed structural characteristics already reported for a short domain of the vertebrate CRK gene, suggesting its possible involvement in cell migration mechanisms. In vitro assays demonstrated that CrCP was capable of inducing the motility of HuDe cells in both wound healing and chemo-attractive experiments. qPCR demonstrated the capability of CrCP to modulate the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and E-cadherin genes. Finally, western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment with CrCP induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our results describe the characterization of the 3D structure and chemo-attractive activity of an LPS-induced CrCP peptide from Ciona robusta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Annamaria Martorana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonino Lauria
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche “STEBICEF”, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Giuseppa Augello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonina Azzolina
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (A.A.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-91-6809535
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9
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Cancemi P, Di Falco F, Feo S, Arizza V, Vizzini A. The gelatinase MMP-9like is involved in regulation of LPS inflammatory response in Ciona robusta. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:213-222. [PMID: 30453047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endopeptidases collectively able to degrade the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), with important roles in many biological processes, such as embryogenesis, normal tissue remodelling, angiogenesis and wound healing. New views on the function of MMPs reveal that they regulate inflammatory response and therefore might represent an early step in the evolution of the immune system. MMPs can affect the activity of cytokines involved in inflammation including TGF-β and TNF-α. MMPs are widely distributed in all kingdoms of life and have likely evolved from a single-domain protein which underwent successive rounds of duplications. In this study, we focused on the Ciona robusta (formerly known as Ciona intestinalis) MMP gelatinase homologue. Gene organization, phylogenetic analysis and 3D modeling supported the closest correlation of C. robusta gelatinase with the human MMP-9. Real-time PCR analysis and zymographic assay showed a prompt expression induced by LPS inoculation and an upregulation of enzymatic activity. Furthermore, we showed that before of the well-known increase of TGF-β and TNF-α levels, a MMP-9like boost occurred, suggesting a possible involvement of MMP-9like in regulating inflammatory response in C. robusta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATeN), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Felicia Di Falco
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Feo
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Advanced Technologies Network Center (ATeN), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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10
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Wei J, Wang G, Li X, Ren P, Yu H, Dong B. Architectural delineation and molecular identification of extracellular matrix in ascidian embryos and larvae. Biol Open 2017; 6:1383-1390. [PMID: 28916708 PMCID: PMC5612238 DOI: 10.1242/bio.026336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) not only provides essential physical scaffolding for cellular constituents but also initiates crucial biochemical and biomechanical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis. In this study, we utilized wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining to characterize the ECM architecture in ascidian embryos and larvae. The results showed three distinct populations of ECM presenting in Ciona embryogenesis: the outer layer localized at the surface of embryo, an inner layer of notochord sheath and the apical ECM secreted by the notochord. To further elucidate the precise structure of Ciona embryonic ECM, we employed scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and found that the outer membrane was relatively thick with short fibres, whereas the ECM layer in notochord sheath was not as thick as the outer membrane but more regular arranged; the lumen between notochord cells was hydrostatic and sticky. Then, we used the RNA sequencing data from the embryos and larvae of Ciona savignyi to identify ECM genes and acquire their expression patterns. We identified 115 unigenes as 67 ECM genes, and 77 unigenes showed dynamic expression changes between different stages. Our results reveal the architecture, molecular composition and dynamic expression profile of ECM in ascidian embryogenesis, and may increase understanding of the function of the ECM in chordate development. Summary: This study reveals the architecture, molecular composition and dynamic expression profile of the extracellular matrix in ascidian embryos and larvae, providing clues for its function in chordate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guilin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ping Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China .,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Vizzini A, Bonura A, Longo V, Sanfratello MA, Parrinello D, Cammarata M, Colombo P. LPS injection reprograms the expression and the 3' UTR of a CAP gene by alternative polyadenylation and the formation of a GAIT element in Ciona intestinalis. Mol Immunol 2016; 77:174-83. [PMID: 27514009 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The diversification of cellular functions is one of the major characteristics of multicellular organisms which allow cells to modulate their gene expression, leading to the formation of transcripts and proteins with different functions and concentrations in response to different stimuli. CAP genes represent a widespread family of proteins belonging to the cysteine-rich secretory protein, antigen 5 and pathogenesis-related 1 superfamily which, it has been proposed, play key roles in the infection process and the modulation of immune responses in host animals. The ascidian Ciona intestinalis represents a group of proto-chordates with an exclusively innate immune system that has been widely studied in the field of comparative and developmental immunology. Using this biological system, we describe the identification of a novel APA mechanism by which an intronic polyadenylation signal is activated by LPS injection, leading to the formation of a shorter CAP mRNA capable of expressing the first CAP exon plus 19 amino acid residues whose sequence is contained within the first intron of the annotated gene. Furthermore, such an APA event causes the expression of a translational controlling cis-acting GAIT element which is not present in the previously isolated CAP isoform and identified in the 3'-UTR of other immune-related genes, suggesting an intriguing scenario in which both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control mechanisms are involved in the activation of the CAP gene during inflammatory response in C. intestinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Longo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Parrinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy.
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Vizzini A, Di Falco F, Parrinello D, Sanfratello MA, Cammarata M. Transforming growth factor β (CiTGF-β) gene expression is induced in the inflammatory reaction of Ciona intestinalis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:102-110. [PMID: 26493014 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is a well-known component of a regulatory cytokines superfamily that has pleiotropic functions in a broad range of cell types and is involved, in vertebrates, in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In the current study, we report on Ciona intestinalis molecular characterisation and expression of a transforming growth factor β homologue (CiTGF-β). The gene organisation, phylogenetic tree and modelling supported the close relationship with the mammalian TGF suggesting that the C. intestinalis TGF-β gene shares a common ancestor in the chordate lineages. Functionally, real-time PCR analysis showed that CiTGF-β was transcriptionally upregulated in the inflammatory process induced by LPS inoculation, suggesting that is involved in the first phase and significant in the secondary phase of the inflammatory response in which cell differentiation occurs. In situ hybridisation assays revealed that the genes transcription was upregulated in the pharynx, the main organ of the ascidian immune system, and expressed by cluster of hemocytes inside the pharynx vessels. These data supported the view that CiTGF-β is a potential molecule in immune defence systems against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Felicia Di Falco
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Parrinello
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Sanfratello
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
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Vizzini A, Bonura A, Longo V, Sanfratello MA, Parrinello D, Cammarata M, Colombo P. Isolation of a novel LPS-induced component of the ML superfamily in Ciona intestinalis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 53:70-78. [PMID: 26159403 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ML superfamily represents a group of proteins playing important roles in lipid metabolism and innate immune response. In this study, we report the identification of the first component of the ML superfamily in the invertebrate Ciona intestinalis by means of a subtractive hybridization strategy. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis showed that this protein forms a specific clade with vertebrate components of the Niemann-Pick type C2 protein and, for this reason, it has been named Ci-NPC2. The putative Ci-NPC2 is a 150 amino acids long protein with a short signal peptide, seven cysteine residues, three putative lipid binding site and a three-dimensional model showing a characteristic β-strand structure. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the Ci-NPC2 protein is positively upregulated after LPS inoculum with a peak of expression 1 h after challenge. Finally, in-situ hybridization demonstrated that the Ci-NPC2 protein is preferentially expressed in hemocytes inside the vessel lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Longo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Parrinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy" del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy.
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Vizzini A, Parrinello D, Sanfratello MA, Trapani MR, Mangano V, Parrinello N, Cammarata M. Upregulated transcription of phenoloxidase genes in the pharynx and endostyle of Ciona intestinalis in response to LPS. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 126:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Di Bella MA, Carbone MC, De Leo G. Ultrastructural aspects of naturally occurring wound in the tunic of two ascidians: Ciona intestinalis and Styela plicata (Tunicata). Micron 2015; 69:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vizzini A, Di Falco F, Parrinello D, Sanfratello MA, Mazzarella C, Parrinello N, Cammarata M. Ciona intestinalis interleukin 17-like genes expression is upregulated by LPS challenge. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:129-137. [PMID: 25305501 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In humans, IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the clearance of extracellular bacteria promoting cell infiltration and production of several cytokines and chemokines. Here, we report on three Ciona intestinalis IL-17 homologues (CiIL17-1, CiIL17-2, CiIL17-3). The gene organization, phylogenetic tree and modeling supported the close relationship with the mammalian IL-17A and IL-17F suggesting that the C. intestinalis IL-17 genes share a common ancestor in the chordate lineages. Real time PCR analysis showed a prompt expression induced by LPS inoculation suggesting that they are involved in the first phase of inflammatory response. In situ hybridization assays disclosed that the genes transcription was upregulated in the pharynx, the main organ of the ascidian immune system, and expressed by hemocytes (granulocytes and univacuolar refractile granulocyte) inside the pharynx vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Felicia Di Falco
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Parrinello
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Sanfratello
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzarella
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicolò Parrinello
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy.
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Parrinello D, Sanfratello MA, Vizzini A, Parrinello N, Cammarata M. Ciona intestinalis galectin (CiLgals-a and CiLgals-b) genes are differentially expressed in endostyle zones and challenged by LPS. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:171-176. [PMID: 25449708 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization assays were performed to answer the question whether the endostyle, that is the initial gastro-intestinal trait of Ciona intestinalis pharynx, is involved in galectin (CiLgals-a and CiLgals-b) production during the pharynx inflammatory response to LPS inoculation. Specific anti-CiLgal-a and anti-CiLgals-b antibodies, and oligonucleotide probes, that mark inflammatory hemocytes inside the pharynx vessels and vessel epithelium as shown by a previous paper, were assayed on endostyle histological sections. For the first time, we show that galectins are produced by endostyle zones, and both CiLgals-a and -b genes are upregulated by LPS. CiLgals-a and CiLgals-b are constitutively expressed in the endostyle zone 2 and 3, respectively, both genes are upregulated by LPS in the zone 2, and CiLgals-b in the zone 3 and 4. The antibody-reacting material contained in intracellular and extracellular large vesicles suggest an unexpected vesicle-dependent transporting mechanism of galectins not provided with signal peptide. Differential expression and gene upregulation in not-treated and LPS-treated specimens, support the role of endostyle galectins both in filter feeding and defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Parrinello
- University of Palermo, Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Sanfratello
- University of Palermo, Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- University of Palermo, Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicolò Parrinello
- University of Palermo, Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Cammarata
- University of Palermo, Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Via Archirafi, 18, Palermo, Italy.
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Vizzini A, Parrinello D, Sanfratello MA, Mangano V, Parrinello N, Cammarata M. Ciona intestinalis peroxinectin is a novel component of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase gene superfamily upregulated by LPS. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:59-67. [PMID: 23562573 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peroxinectins function as hemoperoxidase and cell adhesion factor involved in invertebrate immune reaction. In this study, the ascidian (Ciona intestinalis) peroxinectin gene (CiPxt) and its expression during the inflammatory response have been examined. CiPxt is a new member of the peroxidase-cyclooxygenase gene superfamily that contains both the peroxidase domain and the integrin KGD (Lys-Gly-Asp) binding motif. A phylogenetic tree showed that CiPxt is very close to the chordate group and appears to be the outgroup of mammalian MPO, EPO and TPO clades. The CiPxt molecular structure model resulted superimposable to the human myeloperoxidase. The CiPxt mRNA expression is upregulated by LPS inoculation suggesting it is involved in C. intestinalis inflammatory response. The CiPxt was expressed in hemocytes (compartment/morula cells), vessel epithelium, and unilocular refractile granulocytes populating the inflamed tunic matrix and in the zones 7, 8 and 9 of the endostyle, a special pharynx organs homolog to the vertebrate thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Marine Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemical Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, Palermo, Italy
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Vizzini A, Bonura A, Parrinello D, Sanfratello MA, Longo V, Colombo P. LPS challenge regulates gene expression and tissue localization of a Ciona intestinalis gene through an alternative polyadenylation mechanism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63235. [PMID: 23646203 PMCID: PMC3639994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A subtractive hybridization strategy for the identification of differentially expressed genes was performed between LPS-challenged and naive Ciona intestinalis. This strategy allowed the characterization of two transcripts (Ci8short and Ci8long) generated by the use of two Alternative Polyadenylation sites. The Ci8long transcript contains a protein domain with relevant homology to several components of the Receptor Transporting Protein (RTP) family not present in the Ci8short mRNA. By means of Real Time PCR and Northern Blot, the Ci8short and Ci8long transcripts showed a different pattern of gene expression with the Ci8short mRNA being strongly activated after LPS injection in the pharynx. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that the activation of the APA site also influenced the tissue localization of the Ci8short transcript. This analysis showed that the Ci8long mRNA was expressed in hemocytes meanwhile the Ci8short mRNA was highly transcribed also in vessel endothelial cells and in the epithelium of pharynx. These findings demonstrated that regulation of gene expression based on different polyadenylation sites is an ancestral powerful strategy influencing both the level of expression and tissue distribution of alternative transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy” del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Parrinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Longo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy” del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy” del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Vizzini A, Parrinello D, Sanfratello MA, Salerno G, Cammarata M, Parrinello N. Inducible galectins are expressed in the inflamed pharynx of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:101-109. [PMID: 22085774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although ascidians belong to a key group in chordate phylogenesis, amino acid sequences of Ciona intestinalis galectin-CRDs (CiLgals-a and -b) have been retained too divergent from vertebrate galectins. In the present paper, to contribute in disclosing Bi-CRD galectin evolution a novel attempt was carried out on CiLgals-a and -b CRDs phylogenetic analysis, and their involvement in ascidian inflammatory responses was shown. CiLgals resulted aligned with Bi-CRD galectins from vertebrates (Xenopus tropicalis, Gallus gallus, Mus musculus, Homo sapiens), cephalochordates (Branchiostoma floridae), echinoderms (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and a mono-CRD galectin from the ascidian Clavelina picta. The CiLgals-a N-terminal and C-terminal CRDs contain the signature sequence involved in carbohydrate binding, whereas the CiLgals-b C-CRD presents only three out of seven key aminoacids and it could not be suitable as sugar binding motif. Sequence similarity between clusters suggests an evolutionary model based on CRD domain gene duplication and sequence diversification. In particular CiLgals-b N-CRD and C-CRD were similar to each other and both grouped with the ascidian C. picta mono-CRD. Homology modeling process shows a CiLgals molecular structure superimposed to chicken and mouse galectins. The CiLgals-a and CiLgals-b genes were upregulated by LPS inoculation suggesting that they are inducible and expressed in the inflamed pharynx as revealed by real-time PCR analysis. Finally, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assays showed their localization in the inflamed tissues, while immunoblotting analysis indicated that CiLgals can form oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiti Vizzini
- Department of Environmental Biology and Biodiversity, Laboratory of Marine Immunobiology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Hoke DE, Zhang K, Egan S, Hatfaludi T, Buckle AM, Adler B. Membrane proteins of Pseudoalteromonas tunicata during the transition from planktonic to extracellular matrix-adherent state. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2011; 3:405-413. [PMID: 23761287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas tunicata is a marine bacterium that was originally isolated from the surface of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Since C. intestinalis expresses extracellular matrix (ECM) and P. tunicata has a gene encoding a functional ECM-binding protein, we hypothesized that P. tunicata could adhere to this host via protein-ECM interactions and as a result change its membrane proteome. An in vitro adhesion assay was developed to show that P. tunicata adheres strongly to ECM. To further study the adhesion biology of P. tunicata, two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis was used to explore the membrane-associated sub-proteome of P. tunicata during planktonic, adherent and non-adherent states. More than 30 proteins were resolved using blue native (BN)/SDS 2D PAGE, many of which were identified by mass spectrometry. BN/SDS PAGE also allowed the identification of several novel protein complexes, which indicate structural and functional relationships for these proteins and related proteins in several other organisms. A proteomic change associated with adhesion was identified by comparison of 2D gels from the three model states. Collectively, these studies explore the membrane proteome of P. tunicata during the transition from planktonic to ECM-adherent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Hoke
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Cloning and expression of a novel component of the CAP superfamily enhanced in the inflammatory response to LPS of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 342:411-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Parrinello N, Vizzini A, Salerno G, Sanfratello MA, Cammarata M, Arizza V, Vazzana M, Parrinello D. Inflamed adult pharynx tissues and swimming larva of Ciona intestinalis share CiTNFα-producing cells. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 341:299-311. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-0993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bonura A, Vizzini A, Salerno G, Parrinello N, Longo V, Colombo P. Isolation and expression of a novel MBL-like collectin cDNA enhanced by LPS injection in the body wall of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2389-94. [PMID: 19481807 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 04/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collectins are a family of calcium-dependent lectins that are characterized by their collagen-like domains. Considerable interest has been focused on this class of proteins because of their ability to interact with components of the complement system activating a cascade of events responsible for the activation of the innate immune system. A differential screening between LPS-challenged and naïve Ciona intestinalis has been performed allowing the isolation of a full length cDNA encoding for a 221 AA protein. In silico analysis has shown that this polypeptide displays protein domains with similarities to mannose-binding lectins. A phylogenetic analysis suggested that C. intestinalis MBL has evolved early as a prototype of vertebrate MBL. Real-time PCR assay demonstrated that this gene is strongly activated after LPS injection in the tunica. In situ hybridization performed in LPS-induced animals has shown that this gene is expressed in granular amoebocytes and large granules hemocytes in the inflamed body wall tissue. Finally, an antimicrobial activity of the C. intestinalis MBL has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonura
- Istituto di Biomedicina ed Immunologia Molecolare Alberto Monroy del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
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Enhanced expression of a cloned and sequenced Ciona intestinalis TNFα-like (CiTNFα) gene during the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 334:305-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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The prophenoloxidase system is activated during the tunic inflammatory reaction of Ciona intestinalis. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 333:481-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-008-0649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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