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Malintha GHT, Jeong JB, Gunathilaka BE, Hasanthi M, Yun KS, Lee KJ. Effects of dietary piperine supplementation on innate immunity, growth performance, feed utilization and intestinal morphology of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:925-937. [PMID: 37594621 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum) or long pepper (Piper longum), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the supplemental effects of piperine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) diets. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different levels of piperine at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 2.00 g/kg (Con, P25, P50, P75, P100, and P200, respectively). Diets were randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 27.6 ± 0.4 g, 30 fish/tank) and fed three times daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary piperine significantly improved fish growth and feed utilization efficiency. The highest growth, including the highest Igf-1 mRNA expression, was observed in the P50 group, while P50 and P75 groups showed the highest protein efficiency ratio. Compared to the Con group piperine supplemented groups had significantly higher lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin level, and phagocytosis activities. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower in fish fed P200 diet. Dry matter and protein digestibility were higher in P25, P50, and P75 groups than in Con group. Dietary piperine increased the intestinal villi length and goblet cell counts. In the challenge test against Edwardsiella tarda, all the groups supplemented with piperine showed higher cumulative survival compared to Con group. Therefore, these findings indicate that dietary piperine supplementation can improve growth performance, innate immunity, disease resistance, diet digestibility, and intestinal morphology of olive flounder. The optimum dietary piperine level seems to be approximately 0.5 g/kg for the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H T Malintha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Joon Bum Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Buddhi E Gunathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Mirasha Hasanthi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Sik Yun
- Synergen Inc., Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 63243, Jeju, South Korea.
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, South Korea.
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Comparative Characterization of Two cxcl8 Homologs in Oplegnathus fasciatus: Genomic, Transcriptional and Functional Analyses. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101382. [PMID: 32998424 PMCID: PMC7601086 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL8 (interleukin-8, IL-8) is a CXC family chemokine that recruits specific target cells and mediates inflammation and wound healing. This study reports the identification and characterization of two cxcl8 homologs from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Investigation of molecular signature, homology, phylogeny, and gene structure suggested that they belonged to lineages 1 (L1) and 3 (L3), and designated Ofcxcl8-L1 and Ofcxcl8-L3. While Ofcxcl8-L1 and Ofcxcl8-L3 revealed quadripartite and tripartite organization, in place of the mammalian ELR (Glu-Leu-Arg) motif, their peptides harbored EMH (Glu-Met-His) and NSH (Asn-Ser-His) motifs, respectively. Transcripts of Ofcxcl8s were constitutively detected by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) in 11 tissues examined, however, at different levels. Ofcxcl8-L1 transcript robustly responded to treatments with stimulants, such as flagellin, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, and poly(I:C), and pathogens, including Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, and rock bream iridovirus, when compared with Ofcxcl8-L3 mRNA. The differences in the putative promoter features may partly explain the differential transcriptional modulation of Ofcxcl8s. Purified recombinant OfCXCL8 (rOfCXCL8) proteins were used in in vitro chemotaxis and proliferation assays. Despite the lack of ELR motif, both rOfCXCL8s exhibited leukocyte chemotactic and proliferative functions, where the potency of rOfCXCL8-L1 was robust and significant compared to that of rOfCXCL8-L3. The results, taken together, are indicative of the crucial importance of Ofcxcl8s in inflammatory responses and immunoregulatory roles in rock bream immunity.
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Ji C, Guo X, Dong X, Ren J, Zu Y, Li W, Zhang Q. Notch1a can widely mediate innate immune responses in zebrafish larvae infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:680-689. [PMID: 31271837 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is known to regulate innate immunity by influencing macrophage function and interacting with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. However, the comprehensive role of the Notch signaling pathway in the innate immune response remains unknown. To assess the function of Notch1a in immunity, we examined the innate immune responses to Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain Vp13 of wild-type (WT) and notch1a-/- zebrafish larvae generated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system. The median lethal dose (LD50) of V. parahaemolyticus was significantly lower in notch1a-/- larvae than in WT larvae 3 days post fertilization (dpf). Transcriptome data analysis revealed 359 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 246 significantly down-regulated genes and 113 significantly up-regulated genes, in WT infected groups compared with WT control groups. In contrast, 986 significantly DEGs were found in notch1a-/- infected groups compared with notch1a-/- control groups, of which 82 genes were significantly down-regulated and 904 genes were significantly up-regulated. These DEGs belonged to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), complement, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cathepsin, interleukin (IL), chemokine, serpin peptidase inhibitor, matrix metallopeptidase, innate immune cells, pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and other cytokine families. Our results indicate that Notch1a plays roles in inhibiting many immunity-related genes and could comprehensively mediate the innate immune response by regulating TLRs, nucleotide-binding-oligomerization-domain-like receptors (NLRs), lectins, complement, ILs, chemokines, TNF, cathepsin, and serpin. Further studies are required to understand the specific mechanism of Notch1a in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xinya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xuehong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianfeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yao Zu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Jung MH, Chico V, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Jung SJ, Ortega-Villaizan MDM. The Megalocytivirus RBIV Induces Apoptosis and MHC Class I Presentation in Rock Bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) Red Blood Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:160. [PMID: 30886611 PMCID: PMC6410659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) causes severe mass mortality in Korean rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) populations. To date, immune defense mechanisms of rock bream against RBIV are unclear. While red blood cells (RBCs) are known to be involved in the immune response against viral infections, the participation of rock bream RBCs in the immune response against RBIV has not been studied yet. In this study, we examined induction of the immune response in rock bream RBCs after RBIV infection. Each fish was injected with RBIV, and virus copy number in RBCs gradually increased from 4 days post-infection (dpi), peaking at 10 dpi. A total of 318 proteins were significantly regulated in RBCs from RBIV-infected individuals, 183 proteins were upregulated and 135 proteins were downregulated. Differentially upregulated proteins included those involved in cellular amino acid metabolic processes, cellular detoxification, snRNP assembly, and the spliceosome. Remarkably, the MHC class I-related protein pathway was upregulated during RBIV infection. Simultaneously, the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins, including caspase-6 (CASP6), caspase-9 (CASP9), Fas cell surface death receptor (FAS), desmoplakin (DSP), and p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) changed with RBIV infection. Interestingly, the expression of genes within the ISG15 antiviral mechanism-related pathway, including filamin B (FLNB), interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), nucleoporin 35 (NUP35), tripartite motif-containing 25 (TRIM25), and karyopherin subunit alpha 3 (KPNA3) were downregulated in RBCs from RBIV-infected individuals. Overall, these findings contribute to the understanding of RBIV pathogenesis and host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Mena
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sung-Ju Jung
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Rebl A, Goldammer T. Under control: The innate immunity of fish from the inhibitors' perspective. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:328-349. [PMID: 29631025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response involves a concerted network of induced gene products, preformed immune effectors, biochemical signalling cascades and specialised cells. However, the multifaceted activation of these defensive measures can derail or overshoot and, if left unchecked, overwhelm the host. A plenty of regulatory devices therefore mediate the fragile equilibrium between pathogen defence and pathophysiological manifestations. Over the past decade in particular, an almost complete set of teleostean sequences orthologous to mammalian immunoregulatory factors has been identified in various fish species, which prove the remarkable conservation of innate immune-control concepts among vertebrates. This review will present the current knowledge on more than 50 teleostean regulatory factors (plus additional fish-specific paralogs) that are of paramount importance for controlling the clotting cascade, the complement system, pattern-recognition pathways and cytokine-signalling networks. A special focus lies on those immunoregulatory features that have emerged as potential biomarker genes in transcriptome-wide research studies. Moreover, we report on the latest progress in elucidating control elements that act directly with immune-gene-encoding nucleic acids, such as transcription factors, hormone receptors and micro- and long noncoding RNAs. Investigations into the function of teleostean inhibitory factors are still mainly based on gene-expression profiling or overexpression studies. However, in support of structural and in-vitro analyses, evidence from in-vivo trials is also available and revealed many biochemical details on piscine immune regulation. The presence of multiple gene copies in fish adds a degree of complexity, as it is so far hardly understood if they might play distinct roles during inflammation. The present review addresses this and other open questions that should be tackled by fish immunologists in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Dummerstorf, Germany
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Bathige SDNK, Umasuthan N, Godahewa GI, Thulasitha WS, Jayasinghe JDHE, Wan Q, Lee J. Molecular insights of two STAT1 variants from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) and their transcriptional regulation in response to pathogenic stress, interleukin-10, and tissue injury. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 69:128-141. [PMID: 28818616 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) is critically involved in mediating cytokine-driven signaling, and triggers the transcription of target genes to activate cellular functions. Although the structural and functional aspects of STAT members have been well described in mammals, only limited information is available for the STAT genes in teleost fishes. In the present study, two variants of STAT1 genes (RbSTAT1 and RbSTAT1L) were identified from rock bream and characterized at the cDNA and genomic sequence levels. RbSTAT1 and RbSTAT1L were found to share a common domain architecture with mammalian STAT1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RbSTAT1 shows a common evolutionary trajectory with other STAT1 counterparts, whereas RbSTAT1L showed a separate path, implying that it could be a novel member of the STAT family. The genomic organizations of RbSTAT1 and RbSTAT1L illustrated a similar exon-intron pattern with 23 exons in the coding sequence. Transcription factor-binding sites, which are mostly involved in the regulation of immune responses, were predicted at the putative promoter regions of the RbSTAT1 and RbSTAT1L genes. SYBR Green qPCR analysis revealed the ubiquitous expression of RbSTAT1 and RbSTAT1L transcripts in different fish tissues with the highest level observed in peripheral blood cells. Significantly modulated transcripts were noted upon viral (rock bream iridovirus [RBIV]), bacterial (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae), and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (lipopolysaccharide and poly I:C) stimulations. The WST-1 cell viability assay affirmed the potential antiviral capacity of RbSTAT1 and RbSTAT1L against RBIV. A possible role of RbSTAT1 and RbSTAT1L in the wound healing process was revealed according to their modulated expression in injured fish. In addition, the transcriptional regulation of RbSTAT1 and RbSTAT1L was analyzed by qPCR following stimulation with rock bream interleukin-10. Taken together, these findings suggest that the STAT1-mediated Janus kinase/STAT pathway might at least in part be involved in the regulatory mechanisms underlying the immune defensive roles against microbial pathogens and the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
| | - J D H E Jayasinghe
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Thulasitha WS, Umasuthan N, Wan Q, Nam BH, Kang TW, Lee J. A proto-type galectin-2 from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): Molecular, genomic, and expression analysis, and recognition of microbial pathogens by recombinant protein. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:70-81. [PMID: 28131766 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A β-galactoside binding lectin, designated as galectin-2, was identified and characterized from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfGal-2). The cDNA of OfGal-2 comprised of 692 bp with a coding sequence of 396 bp, encoding a putative polypeptide of 131 amino acids. Gene structure analysis of OfGal-2 revealed a four exon-three intron organization. A single carbohydrate-binding domain containing all seven important residues for carbohydrate binding was located in the third exon, which formed a carbohydrate-binding pocket. Homology screening and sequence analysis demonstrated that OfGal-2 is an evolutionarily conserved proto-type galectin. OfGal-2 transcripts were detected in several healthy fish tissues, with the highest level observed in the intestine, followed by the liver. The expression of OfGal-2 was elevated upon the injection of various mitogenic stimulants and pathogens in a time-dependent manner. Upregulated expression in the liver after tissue injury suggested its role as a damage-associated molecular pattern. Recombinant OfGal-2 protein had hemagglutinating potential and possessed affinity towards lactose and galactose. Moreover, the recombinant protein agglutinated and bound potential pathogenic bacteria and a ciliate. The results of this study indicate that the galectin-2 from rock bream has a potential role in immunity, particularly in the recognition of invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, Sri Lanka
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8570, Japan
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kang
- Insilicogen Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16954, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Schrama D, Richard N, Silva TS, Figueiredo FA, Conceição LEC, Burchmore R, Eckersall D, Rodrigues PML. Enhanced dietary formulation to mitigate winter thermal stress in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): a 2D-DIGE plasma proteome study. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:603-617. [PMID: 27882445 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low water temperatures during winter are common in farming of gilthead sea bream in the Mediterranean. This causes metabolic disorders that in extreme cases can lead to a syndrome called "winter disease." An improved immunostimulatory nutritional status might mitigate the effects of this thermal metabolic stress. A trial was set up to assess the effects of two different diets on gilthead sea bream physiology and nutritional state through plasma proteome and metabolites. Four groups of 25 adult gilthead sea bream were reared during winter months, being fed either with a control diet (CTRL) or with a diet called "winter feed" (WF). Proteome results show a slightly higher number of proteins upregulated in plasma of fish fed the WF. These proteins are mostly involved in the immune system and cell protection mechanisms. Lipid metabolism was also affected, as shown both by plasma proteome and by the cholesterol plasma levels. Overall, the winter feed diet tested seems to have positive effects in terms of fish condition and nutritional status, reducing the metabolic effects of thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Schrama
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nadège Richard
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tomé S Silva
- SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Filipe A Figueiredo
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís E C Conceição
- SPAROS, Lda, Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Richard Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Pedro M L Rodrigues
- CCMAR, Center of Marine Science, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Thulasitha WS, Jayasooriya RGPT, Shin Y, Lee J. Identification of a gene encoding a membrane-anchored toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5M) in Oplegnathus fasciatus that responds to flagellin challenge and activates NF-κB. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:276-290. [PMID: 28111358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) recognizes bacterial flagellin and induces the downstream signaling through the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) protein to produce proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we describe a TLR5 membrane form (OfTLR5M) and its adaptor protein MyD88 (OfMyD88) in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Both Oftlr5m (6.7 kb) and Ofmyd88 (3.7 kb) genes displayed a quinquepartite structure with five exons and four introns. Protein structure of OfTLR5M revealed the conventional architecture of TLRs featured by an extracellular domain with 22 leucine rich repeats (LRR), a transmembrane domain and an endodomain with TIR motif. Primary OfTLR5M sequence shared a higher homology with teleost TLR5M. The evolutional analysis confirmed that TLR5 identified in the current study is a membrane receptor and the data further suggested the co-evolution of the membrane-anchored and soluble forms of TLR5 in teleosts. Inter-lineage comparison of gene structures in vertebrates indicated that the tlr5m gene has evolved with extensive rearrangement; whereas, the myd88 gene has maintained a stable structure throughout the evolution. Inspection of 5' flanking region of these genes disclosed the presence of several transcription factor binding sites including NF-κB. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detected Oftlr5m mRNA in eleven tissues with the highest abundance in liver. In vivo flagellin administration strongly induced the transcripts of both Oftlr5m and Ofmyd88 in gills and head kidney tissues suggesting their ligand-mediated upregulation. In a luciferase assay, HEK293T cells transiently transfected with Oftlr5m and Ofmyd88 demonstrated a higher NF-κB activity than the mock control, and the luciferase activity was intensified when cells were stimulated with flagellin. Collectively, our study represents the genomic, evolutional, expressional and functional insights into a receptor and adaptor molecules of teleost origin that are involved in flagellin sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8570, Japan
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - R G P T Jayasooriya
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Younhee Shin
- Insilicogen Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16954, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Thulasitha WS, Whang I, Umasuthan N, Kang HS, Mothishri MS, Lee S, Qiang W, Noh JK, Lee J. A galectin related protein from Oplegnathus fasciatus: Genomic, molecular, transcriptional features and biological responses against microbial pathogens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:13-24. [PMID: 26615008 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are subsequently involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and killing of microbes. Here, we report a novel galectin related protein (GRP) identified from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), designated OfGal like B. The cDNA of OfGal like B is 517 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 438 bp, encoding 145 amino acids, with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). However, only two of the seven critical residues responsible for carbohydrate recognition were identified in the CRD. There was no signal peptide identified in the OfGal like B protein. The genomic structure of OfGal like B, determined using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) genomic library, consists of four exons and three introns. Homology assessment, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis indicated that OfGal like B is an evolutionarily conserved lectin that is closely related to the proto-type galectins. OfGal like B mRNA was constitutively expressed in a wide range of tissues in healthy rock breams. When challenged with bacterial or viral stimulants, OfGal like B was up-regulated in the gills and spleen of rock breams, indicating that it likely plays an important role during bacterial and viral infections. Furthermore, recombinant OfGal like B (rOfGal like B) lacked carbohydrate-binding activity but was able to recognize and agglutinate bacteria, including Streptococcus iniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio tapetis, Escherichia coli, and Edwardsiella tarda, and a ciliate parasite, Miamiensis avidus. These results collectively suggest that OfGal like B is involved in pathogen recognition and plays a significant role(s) in the innate defense mechanism of rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sil Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Mothishri
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongdo Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Qiang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje, 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Thulasitha WS, Umasuthan N, Whang I, Nam BH, Lee J. Antimicrobial response of galectin-1 from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus: Molecular, transcriptional, and biological characterization. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:66-78. [PMID: 26792759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a proto type galectin, galectin-1, from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfGal-1). Galectins are evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate binding lectins that show a wide range of functions related to development and immune physiology. They have been identified as pattern recognition receptors of innate immune system that recognize a broad range of microbes. OfGal-1 cDNA comprised of 993 bp with an open reading frame of 408 bp that encodes 135 amino acids. A single carbohydrate recognition domain was present in the OfGal-1 amino acid sequence. The sequence comparison by multiple and pairwise alignments and the phylogenetic tree emphasized the strong evolutionary conservation of Gal-1. The typical β-sandwich structure was identified from the predicted tertiary structure. The constitutive expression of mRNA transcripts was detected in a wide range of tissues examined, with the highest expression in the heart. Immune challenges with live bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae), rock bream irido virus, and mitogens (lipopolysaccharide and poly I:C) modulated the expression of OfGal-1 mRNAs in the gills, head kidney, and liver. The recombinant OfGal-1 (rOfGal-1) strongly agglutinatinated the human erythrocytes, and this hemagglutination was inhibited by lactose and D-galactose. A wide range of bacteria (S. iniae, S. parauberis, Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio tapetis) and a ciliate (Miamiensis avidus) were also effectively recognized by rOfGal-1. Significant antiviral activity against rock bream irido virus was also demonstrated by rOfGal-1. Collectively, results from the present study indicate that OfGal-1 can recognize a wide range of microbes and is a vital pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system of rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Godahewa GI, Bathige SDNK, Herath HMLPB, Noh JK, Lee J. Characterization of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) complement components C1r and C1s in terms of molecular aspects, genomic modulation, and immune responsive transcriptional profiles following bacterial and viral pathogen exposure. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:656-668. [PMID: 26241508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The complement components C1r and C1s play a crucial role in innate immunity via activation of the classical complement cascade system. As initiators of the pathogen-induced signaling cascade, C1r and C1s modulate innate immunity. In order to understand the immune responses of teleost C1r and C1s, Oplegnathus fasciatus C1r and C1s genes (OfC1r and OfC1s) were identified and characterized. The genomic sequence of OfC1r was enclosed with thirteen exons that represented a putative peptide with 704 amino acids (aa), whereas eleven exons of OfC1s represented a 691 aa polypeptide. In addition, genomic analysis revealed that both OfC1r and OfC1s were located on a single chromosome. These putative polypeptides were composed of two CUB domains, an EGF domain, two CCP domains, and a catalytically active serine protease domain. Phylogenetic analysis of C1r and C1s showed that OfC1r and OfC1s were evolutionary close to the orthologs of Pundamilia nyererei (identity = 73.4%) and Oryzias latipes (identity = 58.0%), respectively. Based on the results of quantitative real-time qPCR analysis, OfC1r and OfC1s transcripts were detected in all the eleven different tissues, with higher levels of OfC1r in blood and OfC1s in liver. The putative roles of OfC1r and OfC1s in response to pathogenic bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae) and virus (rock bream iridovirus, RBIV) were investigated in liver and head kidney tissues. The transcription of OfC1r and OfC1s was found to be significantly upregulated in response to pathogenic bacterial and viral infections. Overall findings of the present study demonstrate the potential immune responses of OfC1r and OfC1s against invading microbial pathogens and the activation of classical signaling cascade in rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - H M L P B Herath
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Bathige SDNK, Umasuthan N, Godahewa GI, Jayasinghe JDHE, Whang I, Noh JK, Lee J. A homolog of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus: Molecular insights and transcriptional modulation in response to microbial and PAMP stimulation, and tissue injury. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:285-291. [PMID: 26162478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serine proteases and their inhibitors play vital roles in diverse biological processes. In this study, we identified and characterized cDNA coding for a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (SPI), which we designated as RbKSPI, in a commercially important species, rock bream. The full-length cDNA sequence of RbKSPI consisted of 2452 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1521 bp encoding a polypeptide of 507 amino acid (aa) residues. In the RbKSPI protein, MANEC, PKD, LDLa, and two Kunitz domains responsible for various functions were identified as characteristic features. Homology analysis revealed that RbKSPI shared the highest identity with the Kunitz homolog in Takifugu rubripes (77.6%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that RbKSPI clusters with other teleostean KSPIs. In tissue-specific expression analysis, RbKSPI transcripts were detected in all the tested tissues, with the highest expression in gill tissue, followed by kidney and intestine. The mRNA expression of RbKSPI significantly increased in blood cells upon stimulation with two strains of bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae) and two pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs; LPS and poly I:C). Meanwhile, down-regulated expression of RbKSPI was observed in response to tissue injury. Collectively, these results suggest that the RbKSPI may be involved in essential immune defense against microbial pathogens and in the wound-healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - J D H E Jayasinghe
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Thulasitha WS, Umasuthan N, Whang I, Lim BS, Jung HB, Noh JK, Lee J. A CXC chemokine gene, CXCL12, from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus: Molecular characterization and transcriptional profile. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:560-566. [PMID: 25979602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are small, structurally related chemotactic cytokines characterized by the presence of conserved cysteine residues. In the present study, we identified the cDNA of a CXC chemokine from Oplegnathus fasciatus, designated as OfCXCL12. An open reading frame of 297 bp encoded a 98 amino acid peptide with a putative signal peptide of 23 amino acids. The CXC family-specific small cytokine domain (SCY), which is highly conserved among vertebrates, was located between residues 29 and 87. The characteristic conserved cysteine residues in the CXC motif of OfCXCL12 were separated by tyrosine (Y). Similar to other vertebrate CXCL12 proteins, OfCXCL12 also lacked the ELR motif and hence belongs to ELR(-) subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clades, consisting of fish and tetrapod CXCL12 homologs. Constitutive expression with significantly higher levels of OfCXCL12 mRNA transcription was detected in immune-related organs, including the head kidney, spleen, and kidney. Infection with bacterial and viral agents led to significant upregulation of mRNA expression in both the head kidney and spleen, in a stimulant-specific manner. Stimulation of peripheral blood leukocytes by the mitogen concanavalin-A significantly induced OfCXCL12 transcription. Results from the present study suggest an important role for OfCXCL12 in immune defense against bacterial and viral infection in rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Lim
- Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Bok Jung
- Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Koo Noh
- Genetics & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Bathige SDNK, Umasuthan N, Godahewa GI, Whang I, Kim C, Park HC, Lee J. Three novel clade B serine protease inhibitors from disk abalone, Haliotis discus discus: Molecular perspectives and responses to immune challenges and tissue injury. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:334-341. [PMID: 25917971 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitors (SERPINs) control cellular protease activity in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. The immune and inflammatory responses of invertebrate clade B SERPINs have not been widely reported. In the present study, three proteins with high similarity to clade B SERPINs, referred to as AbSERPIN-1, AbSERPIN-2 and AbSERPIN-3, were identified from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus). While AbSERPIN-1 (399 aa) was of a typical size for this protein class, AbSERPIN-2 (506 aa) and AbSERPIN-3 (532 aa) were relatively larger. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the characteristic SERPIN domain in each AbSERPIN. In addition, the N-terminal region of both AbSERPIN-2 and AbSERPIN-3 contained a predicted low complexity region (LCR) and a signal peptide, suggesting that these proteins are secretory proteins and are, thus, novel peptides. Tertiary structural models of the AbSERPINs highlighted their structural and functional conservation. Ubiquitous expression of AbSERPIN transcripts was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) analysis in seven tissue types. AbSERPIN-1, AbSERPIN-2, and AbSERPIN-3 transcript levels were highest in mantle, hemocytes, and muscles, respectively. Temporal expression analysis revealed that AbSERPINs were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in hemocytes during the early/middle stages following the injection of a bacterial pathogen (Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Listeria monocytogenes) or an immuno-stimulant (lipopolysaccharide). Moreover, mantle tissue injury led to significant changes in the temporal expression of AbSERPIN mRNA. Specifically, transcription of AbSERPIN-1 and AbSERPIN-3 was considerably up-regulated, while expression of AbSERPIN-2 was suppressed. These results suggest a potential role of AbSERPINs in response to pathogen invasion and tissue injury in disk abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - G I Godahewa
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Kim
- Informatics Development & Management Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Gyeonggido 425-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Thulasitha WS, Umasuthan N, Revathy KS, Whang I, Lee J. Molecular characterization, genomic structure and expressional profiles of a CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:471-477. [PMID: 25795219 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is the cognate receptor of the CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and plays a pivotal role under immune-pathophysiological conditions. In the current study, the CXCR4 homolog of Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfCXCR4) was sequenced and the mRNA expression levels were characterized. The genomic structure of the cloned OfCXCR4 coding region (2094 bp) revealed a bi-exonic element, where the open reading frame (ORF) appears split by a single intron. Analysis of the ORF (1134 bp) of OfCXCR4 revealed a predicted protein of 42.1 kDa with typical seven transmembrane (TM) domain architecture and several conserved structural features, including two cysteine residues forming a predicted disulfide bond, a characteristic CXC motif (containing CYC) and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family 1 signature. Furthermore, based on comparative analysis, the structure OfCXCR4 appears well conserved at both the genomic DNA and the amino acid levels. Phylogenic analysis of OfCXCR4 revealed that the greatest homology was with its teleostean relatives. Expression studies showed ubiquitous OfCXCR4 transcription, mainly in immune organs, with the highest levels in the head kidney. Examination of OfCXCR4 transcriptional regulation post injection to different stimuli or pathogens revealed a significant modulation of mRNA expression as detected by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR. Evidence of various transcription factor binding sites present in the 5'-flanking region of OfCXCR4 coupled with its observed regulated mRNA expression suggest that it may have an important role in immune surveillance in rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Shanthakumar Thulasitha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Elvitigala DAS, Priyathilaka TT, Whang I, Nam BH, Lee J. A teleostan homolog of catalase from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii): insights into functional roles in host antioxidant defense and expressional responses to septic conditions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:321-331. [PMID: 25707597 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidative defense renders a significant protection against environmental stress in organisms and maintains the correct redox balance in cells, thereby supporting proper immune function. Catalase is an indispensable antioxidant in organisms that detoxifies hydrogen peroxides produced in cellular environments. In this study, we sought to molecularly characterize a homolog of catalase (RfCat), identified from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). RfCat consists of a 1581 bp coding region for a protein of 527 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 60 kD. The protein sequence of RfCat harbored similar domain architecture to known catalases, containing a proximal active site signature and proximal heme ligand signature, and further sharing prominent homology with its teleostan counterparts. As affirmed by multiple sequence alignments, most of the functionally important residues were well conserved in RfCat. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analysis indicates its common vertebrate ancestral origin and a close evolutionary relationship with teleostan catalases. Recombinantly expressed RfCat demonstrated prominent peroxidase activity that varied with different substrate and protein concentrations, and protected against DNA damage. RfCat mRNA was ubiquitously expressed among different tissues examined, as detected by qPCR. In addition, RfCat mRNA expression was modulated in response to pathogenic stress elicited by Streptococcus iniae and poly I:C in blood and spleen tissues. Collectively, our findings indicate that RfCat may play an indispensable role in host response to oxidative stress and maintain a correct redox balance after a pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Whang I, Lim BS, Choi CY, Lee J. Insights into molecular profiles and genomic evolution of an IRAK4 homolog from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): immunogen- and pathogen-induced transcriptional expression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:436-448. [PMID: 25555811 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
As a pivotal signaling mediator of toll-like receptor (TLR) and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling cascades, the IL-1R-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is engaged in the activation of host immunity. This study investigates the molecular and expressional profiles of an IRAK4-like homolog from Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfIRAK4). The OfIRAK4 gene (8.2 kb) was structured with eleven exons and ten introns. A putative coding sequence (1395bp) was translated to the OfIRAK protein of 464 amino acids. The deduced OfIRAK4 protein featured a bipartite domain structure composed of a death domain (DD) and a kinase domain (PKc). Teleost IRAK4 appears to be distinct and divergent from that of tetrapods in terms of its exon-intron structure and evolutionary relatedness. Analysis of the sequence upstream of translation initiation site revealed the presence of putative regulatory elements, including NF-κB-binding sites, which are possibly involved in transcriptional control of OfIRAK4. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was employed to assess the transcriptional expression of OfIRAK4 in different juvenile tissues and post-injection of different immunogens and pathogens. Ubiquitous basal mRNA expression was widely detected with highest level in liver. In vivo flagellin (FLA) challenge significantly intensified its mRNA levels in intestine, liver and head kidney indicating its role in FLA-induced signaling. Meanwhile, up-regulated expression was also determined in liver and head kidney of animals challenged with potent immunogens (LPS and poly I:C) and pathogens (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae and rock bream iridovirus (RBIV)). Taken together, these data implicate that OfIRAK4 might be engaged in antibacterial and antiviral immunity in rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Lim
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Environment and Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Liu S, Qin Z, Yao J, Jiang C, Song L, Dunham R, Liu Z. The serpin superfamily in channel catfish: identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling in mucosal tissues after bacterial infections. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:267-277. [PMID: 25499033 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are broadly distributed in all kingdoms of life. Serpins play critical roles in an array of fundamental biological processes. In this study, we identified a complete set of 25 serpin genes from channel catfish genome by comprehensive data mining of existing genomic resources. Phylogenetic analysis verified their identities and supported the classification of serpins into six families as in mammals. Extensive comparative genomic analyses suggested that most serpins were conserved among vertebrates, while some were lineage-specific. Analysis of serpin gene expression in mucosal tissues after bacterial infections indicated that serpin genes were regulated in a tissue-specific and time-dependent manner. Distinct expression patterns between infections of the two pathogens were observed, indicating that much more rapid host responses of serpin expression were initiated after ESC infection than after columnaris infection. These studies set the foundation for future studies of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Lin Song
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rex Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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20
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Elvitigala DAS, Priyathilaka TT, Lim BS, Whang I, Yeo SY, Choi CY, Lee J. Molecular profile and functional characterization of the ferritin H subunit from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), revealing its putative role in host antioxidant and immune defense. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 47:104-114. [PMID: 25020197 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are iron binding proteins made out of 24 subunits, involved in iron homeostasis and metabolism in cellular environments. Here, we sought to identify and functionally characterize a one type of subunits of ferritin (ferritin H-like subunit) from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus; RbFerH). The complete coding sequence of RbFerH was 531 bp in length, encoding a 177-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 20.8 kDa. The deduced protein structure possessed the domain architecture characteristic of known ferritin H subunits, including metal ligands for iron binding, a ferroxidase center, and two iron-binding region signatures. As expected, the 5' untranslated region of the RbFerH cDNA sequence contained a putative iron response element region, a characteristic regulatory element involved in its translation. The RbFerH gene comprised 5 exons and 4 introns spanning a 4195 bp region. Overexpressed recombinant RbFerH protein demonstrated prominent Fe(II) ion depriving activity, bacteriostatic properties, and protective effects against oxidative double-stranded DNA damage. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we found that RbFerH was expressed ubiquitously in the majority of physiologically important tissues in rock bream. A greater abundance of the mRNA transcripts were detected in blood and liver tissues. Upon administering different microbial pathogens and pathogen-derived mitogens, RbFerH transcription was markedly elevated in the blood of rock bream. Taken together, our findings suggest that RbFerH acts as a potent iron sequestrator in rock bream and may actively participate in antimicrobial as well as antioxidative defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanthrige Thiunuwan Priyathilaka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Lim
- Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Yeo
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Applied Chemistry & Biotechnology, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Young Choi
- Division of Marine Environment and Bioscience, Korea Maritime University, Busan 606-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Umasuthan N, Bathige S, Thulasitha WS, Qiang W, Lim BS, Lee J. Characterization of rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in terms of molecular structure, genomic arrangement, stress-induced mRNA expression and antioxidant function. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 176:18-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jung MH, Nikapitiya C, Song JY, Lee JH, Lee J, Oh MJ, Jung SJ. Gene expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) infected with megalocytivirus (family Iridoviridae). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 37:122-130. [PMID: 24463468 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Viruses belonging to the genus Megalocytivirus cause diseases in marine fishes primarily in East and Southeast Asian countries. Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV), which is a member of the Megalocytivirus genus, causes severe mass mortalities in rock beam (Oplegnathus fasciatus) in Korea. In this study, we assessed apoptosis-related gene expression patterns in Megalocytivirus-infected rock bream in high mortality and low mortality conditions to determine important apoptosis-related factors, which may affect fish survival/or death. In the high mortality group (100% mortality at 15 dpi), significantly high levels of perforin, granzyme, Fas ligand and caspase 9 expression (5.6-, 10.2-, 13.4- and 4.2-fold, respectively) were observed in the kidney at 8 dpi. Basal expression levels of Fas and caspase 3 were observed at 8 d (1.5-/0.7-fold) and 10 dpi (1.3-/0.6-fold), accompanied by heavy viral loads (8.12 × 10(6)-2.21 × 10(7)/μl). Inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (IAP1) was highly expressed (3.5- to 4.8-fold) at 1 d and 4 dpi; however, IAP1 was reduced when fish died at 8 d and 10 dpi (1.7- to 2.0-fold), which was not significantly different from that of the control group. A similar expression pattern was observed in the low mortality group (18% expected mortality at 30 dpi), which was characterised by a delayed lower magnitude of expression with lower viral loads than the high mortality group. Perforin, granzyme and Fas ligand expression was significantly higher in the low mortality group than in the control group at several sampling points until 30 dpi. Fas and caspases 8, 9 and 3 expression levels showed no statistical significance until 30 dpi. In the low mortality group, significantly higher IAP1 expression compared with the control was observed at 10 d (2.2-fold), 20 d (3.6-fold) and 22 dpi (2.0-fold). In summary, perforin- and granzyme-related apoptosis initiation signals were activated; however, the Fas-induced apoptosis pathway did not efficiently respond. Upregulated IAP1 in RBIV-infected rock bream, which was reported for the first time in this study, exhibited inhibited apoptotic responses in RBIV-infected fish. Although it remains unclear whether apoptosis inhibition aids or impedes fish survival, our data clearly show that the apoptotic response is inhibited in RBIV-infected rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hwa Jung
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea; Aquatic Animal Hospital, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Song
- National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lee
- Genetic & Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Geoje 656-842, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Joo Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ju Jung
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea; Aquatic Animal Hospital, Chonnam National University, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Kasthuri SR, Wan Q, Umasuthan N, Bathige SDNK, Lim BS, Jung HB, Lee J, Whang I. Genomic characterization, expression analysis, and antimicrobial function of a glyrichin homologue from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1406-1415. [PMID: 23968692 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are important innate effector molecules, playing a vital role in antimicrobial immunity in all species. Glyrichin is a transmembrane protein and an antibacterial peptide, exerting its functions against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, cDNA and a BAC clone harboring the glyrichin gene were identified from rock bream and characterized. Genomic characterization showed that the OfGlyrichin gene exhibited a 3 exon-2 intron structure. OfGlyrichin is a 79-amino-acid protein with a transmembrane domain at (22)GFMMGFAVGMAAGAMFGTFSCLR(44). Pairwise and multiple sequence alignments showed high identity and conservation with mammalian orthologues. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship with fish species. Higher levels of OfGlyrichin transcripts were detected in the liver from healthy rock bream which were induced by immunogens like lipopolysaccharide, poly I:C, rock bream irido virus, Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae. The synthetic peptide (pOf19) showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, E. tarda, and S. iniae. Analysis of the bacterial morphological features after pOf19 peptide treatment showed breakage of the cell membrane, affirming that antibacterial function is accomplished through membrane lysis. The pOf19 peptide also showed antiviral activity against RBIV infection. The high conservation of the genomic structure and protein, together with the antimicrobial roles of OfGlyrichin, provide evidence for the evolutionary existence of this protein playing a vital role in innate immune defense in rock bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Revathy Kasthuri
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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24
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Elvitigala DAS, Premachandra HKA, Whang I, Oh MJ, Jung SJ, Park CJ, Lee J. A teleostean counterpart of ferritin M subunit from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): an active constituent in iron chelation and DNA protection against oxidative damage, with a modulated expression upon pathogen stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1455-1465. [PMID: 23978565 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferritins are biological iron chelators that can sequestrate excess iron to maintain iron homeostasis in the body. Ferritins basically consist of 2 types of subunits, designated as H and L. However, another new subunit, ferritin "M" which possesses characteristic features of both the H and L subunits, was recently identified in lower vertebrates, mostly in fish. In this study, a ferritin M-like subunit from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (RbFerM) was characterized at the molecular level, and its transcriptional profile was analyzed in healthy fish, as well as in pathogen- and mitogen-stimulated fish. Furthermore, its functional properties were evaluated using the recombinant protein. The complete coding sequence of RbFerM was 528 bp in length, encoding a 176-amino acid peptide with a calculated molecular mass of 20 kDa. In silico analysis of RbFerM revealed that it has features similar to both the mammalian ferritin subunits, H and L. Phylogenetic analysis depicted the higher evolutionary proximity of RbFerM with its fish counterparts. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis detected a ubiquitous transcriptional profile of RbFerM in selected tissues of rock bream, in which more pronounced expression was observed in blood and liver tissues. Significant transcriptional inductions of RbFerM were detected in liver tissues upon lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, and rock bream irido virus (RBIV) exposures in time-course immune-challenge experiments. The purified recombinant protein of RbFerM demonstrated detectable iron chelating activity that varied with the temperature. Moreover, the recombinant RbFerM rendered a detectable protection effect against iron (II) and H2O2-mediated DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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25
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Elvitigala DAS, Premachandra HKA, Whang I, Priyathilaka TT, Kim E, Lim BS, Jung HB, Yeo SY, Park HC, Lee J. Marine teleost ortholog of catalase from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): molecular perspectives from genomic organization to enzymatic behavior with respect to its potent antioxidant properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1086-1096. [PMID: 23872475 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalases are well known antioxidant enzymes that can mainly dismutate hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen in order to prevent oxidative stress. The complete genomic DNA (gDNA) sequence of the catalase gene from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified from our custom-constructed BAC genomic DNA library and designated as RbCat. RbCat consists of 13 exons, separated by 12 introns, within a 13,722-bp gDNA sequence. The complete cDNA sequence (3303 bp) of RbCat is comprised of a 1581-bp coding region, encoding a peptide of 527 amino acids (aa) in length, with a predicted molecular mass of 60 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.34. The anticipated promoter region of RbCat contains several transcription factor-binding sites, including sites that bind with immune- and antioxidant-responsive signaling molecules, suggesting its substantial transcriptional regulation. RbCat resembles the typical catalase family signature, i.e., it is composed of the catalase proximal active site motif along with a catalase proximal heme-ligand signature motif and shares great homology with its fish counterparts. According to multiple sequence alignment, functionally important amino acids present in RbCat were thoroughly conserved among its vertebrate counterparts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RbCat evolved from a vertebrate origin, and further positioned it in the fish clade. Recombinant RbCat had noticeable peroxidase activity against its substrate, hydrogen peroxide, in a dose-dependent manner. However, it demonstrated substantial peroxidase activity within a broad range of temperatures and pH values. Constitutive RbCat mRNA expression of different magnitudes was detected in a tissue-specific manner, suggesting its diverse role in physiology with respect to the tissue type. Moreover, immune challenge experiments using Edwardsiella tarda and rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) as live pathogens and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and lipopolysaccharide as mitogens revealed that the transcription of RbCat can be modulated by immune stimulation. Collectively, the results obtained in this study suggest that RbCat can function as a potent antioxidant enzyme in rock bream and may play a role in post-immune responses with respect to its peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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26
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Lei H, Tian Y, Chen W, Wang X, Li X, Mao Q, Sun J, Li R, Xu Y, Liang C, Huang Y, Yu X. The biochemical and immunological characterization of two serpins from Clonorchis sinensis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:3977-85. [PMID: 23275238 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Serpins (serine proteinase inhibitors) are evidenced to regulate numerous biological processes such as immunoregulation in parasitic helminths. The functions of serpins from Clonorchis sinensis remain unclear to date. In this study, two serpin genes, respectively denominated as CsproSERPIN and CsSERPIN2, had been selected from metacercaria cDNA library of C. sinensis. The biochemical activities of both recombinant proteins (rCsproSERPIN and rCsSERPIN2) were analyzed by assays of inhibition on some serine or cysteine proteases, the results showed that rCsproSERPIN significantly inhibited trypsin, chymotrypsin and thrombin, while rCsSERPIN2 inhibited only chymotrypsin. Moreover, cytokine and antibody measurements indicated that rats subcutaneously immunized with rCsproSERPIN and rCsSERPIN2 respectively developed a strong IFN-γ production and IgG2a levers of sera were higher than IgG1. Besides, immunoblot assays revealed that the rCsproSERPIN and rCsSERPIN2 could be recognized by the sera of rats infected with C. sinensis and the sera of rabbits immunized by excretory/secretory products. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assays illuminated the two were similarly localized in the reproductive organs such as vitelline glands, testis and eggs in adult stage. In short, all the results collectively indicated that CsproSERPIN and CsSERPIN2 might play important role in the parasite development by preventing the parasite from digestion by exogenous serine proteases, as well as CsproSERPIN and CsSERPIN2 probably involved in immunoregulation of host by inducing Th1-biased type cytokines in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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27
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Bathige SDNK, Whang I, Umasuthan N, Lim BS, Park MA, Kim E, Park HC, Lee J. Interferon regulatory factors 4 and 8 in rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus: structural and expressional evidence for their antimicrobial role in teleosts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:857-871. [PMID: 22885028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) members IRF4 and IRF8 contribute to B-lymphocyte development and can act as regulators of immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain gene transcription. These two IRFs are closely interrelated and are expressed at high levels in the lymphoid and myeloid cells of the immune system. In this study, the complete cDNA and genomic sequences of rock bream IRF4 (RbIRF4) and IRF8 (RbIRF8) were identified by homology screening of a multi-tissue normalized cDNA library and a BAC library, respectively, which had been established using Roche 454 GS-FLX™ technology. The full-length RbIRF4 cDNA is composed of 3442 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 462 amino acids; the genomic DNA is 9262 bp in length, consisting of eight exons and seven introns. The full-length RbIRF8 cDNA is composed of 2186 bp and encodes a 422 amino acid polypeptide; the genomic DNA is 4120 bp in length, consisting of nine exons and eight introns. The deduced amino acid sequences of RbIRF4 and RbIRF8 include a conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD) encompassing a tryptophan pentad-repeat and an IRF-association domain (IAD). Several putative transcription factor binding sites were also identified in 5' flanking region of both RbIRF4 and RbIRF8, and include those of immune-related factors. Quantitative real time PCR analysis of healthy rock bream detected the highest expression levels of RbIRF4 and RbIRF8 in lymphomyeloid-rich tissues. In addition, viral (rock bream iridovirus) and bacterial (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae) infection stimulated RbIRF4 and RbIRF8 expressions in head kidney and spleen. These results suggest not only that RbIRF4 and RbIRF8 may have a protective function against virus and bacteria pathogen invasion in rock bream, but also that IRFs may be immunomodulatory factors of teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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28
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Elvitigala DAS, Whang I, Premachandra HKA, Umasuthan N, Oh MJ, Jung SJ, Yeo SY, Lim BS, Lee JH, Park HC, Lee J. Caspase 3 from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): genomic characterization and transcriptional profiling upon bacterial and viral inductions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:99-110. [PMID: 22554851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Caspase 3 is a prominent mediator of apoptosis and participates in the cell death signaling cascade. In this study, caspase 3 was identified (Rbcasp3) and characterized from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). The full-length cDNA of Rbcasp3 is 2683 bp and contains an open reading frame of 849 bp, which encodes a 283 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 31.2 kDa and isoelectric point of 6.31. The amino acid sequence resembles the conventional caspase 3 domain architecture, including crucial amino acid residues in the catalytic site and binding pocket. The genomic length of Rbcasp3 is 7529 bp, and encompasses six exons interrupted by five introns. Phylogenetic analysis affirmed that Rbcasp3 represents a complex group in fish that has been shaped by gene duplication and diversification. Many putative transcription factor binding sites were identified in the predicted promoter region of Rbcasp3, including immune factor- and cancer signal-inducible sites. Rbcasp3, excluding the pro-domain, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein showed a detectable activity against the mammalian caspase 3/7-specific substrate DEVD-pNA, indicating a functional role in physiology. Quantitative real time PCR assay detected Rbcasp3 expression in all examined tissues, but with high abundance in blood, liver and brain. Transcriptional profiling of rock bream liver tissue revealed that challenge with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) caused prolonged up-regulation of Rbcasp3 mRNA whereas, Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) stimulated a late-phase significant transcriptional response. Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) up-regulated Rbcasp3 transcription significantly at late-phase, however polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) induced Rbcasp3 significantly at early-phase. Our findings suggest that Rbcasp3 functions as a cysteine-aspartate-specific protease and contributes to immune responses against bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Saranya Revathy K, Umasuthan N, Whang I, Lee Y, Lee S, Oh MJ, Jung SJ, Choi CY, Park CJ, Park HC, Lee J. A novel acute phase reactant, serum amyloid A-like 1, from Oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic and molecular characterization and transcriptional expression analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 37:294-305. [PMID: 22504166 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute phase response is a significant component of innate immunity, playing a vital role in the signaling processes and elimination of invading pathogens. Acute phase proteins are synthesized in liver and secreted into the blood for transportation to an infection site, where the defense function is exerted. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive proteins are the major positive acute phase proteins. In this study, we have identified and characterized a novel SAA related gene from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), designated OfSAAL1. Genomic characterization revealed the presence of 13 exons and 12 introns, similar to SAAL1 in zebrafish. Multiple protein sequence alignment revealed high conservation with other SAAL1 homologues. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OfSAAL1 clustered with another fish homologue, and pairwise alignment revealed highest identity and similarity at the amino acid level with zebrafish SAAL1. Promoter region analysis revealed the presence of immunologically significant transcription factor binding sites. Tissue distribution profiling to indicate physiological relevance showed the highest levels occur in blood, followed by liver, suggesting a positive immune role in rock bream. Transcriptional analysis by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to understand OfSAAL1 responsiveness to immune challenge with poly I:C, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae and rock bream iridovirus, revealed a significant level of elevation from 12h to 48 h post-infection in blood, spleen, head kidney, and liver. To our knowledge, OfSAAL1 is the first characterized SAAL1 homologue from teleosts. We anticipate that its identification will prove inspiring for further studies of SAAL1 homologues as biomarkers of the acute phase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Umasuthan N, Whang I, Revathy KS, Oh MJ, Jung SJ, Choi CY, Lee JH, Noh JK, Lee J. A teleostean angiotensinogen from Oplegnathus fasciatus responses to immune and injury challenges. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:922-928. [PMID: 22300787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the precursor of the renin-angiotensin system and contributes to osmoregulation, acute-phase and immune responses. A full-length cDNA of the AGT (2004 bp with a 1389 bp coding region) was isolated from rock bream (Rb), Oplegnathus fasciatus. The encoded polypeptide of 463 amino acids had a predicted molecular mass of 51.6 kDa. RbAGT possessed a deduced signal peptide of 22 residues upstream of a putative angiotensin I sequence ((23)NRVYVHPFHL(32)). RbAGT possessed a specific domain profile and a signature motif which are characteristics of the serpin family. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis indicated that RbAGT was evolutionarily closest to AGT of Rhabdosargus sarba. The mRNA expression profile of RbAGT was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and it demonstrated a constitutive and tissue-specific expression with the highest transcript level in the liver. Significantly up-regulated RbAGT expression was elicited by systemic injection of a lipopolysaccharide, rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) and bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae), revealing its pathogen inducibility. RbAGT manifested a down-regulated response to systemic injury, contemporaneously with two other serpins, protease nexin-1 (PN-1), and heparin cofactor II (HCII). In addition, a synchronized expression pattern was elicited by RbAGT and RbTNF-α in response to injury, suggesting that TNF-α might be a potential modulator of AGT transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Ara-Dong, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
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Chan YS, Wong JH, Fang EF, Pan WL, Ng TB. An antifungal peptide from Phaseolus vulgaris cv. brown kidney bean. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:307-15. [PMID: 22321825 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5.4-kDa antifungal peptide, with an N-terminal sequence highly homologous to defensins and inhibitory activity against Mycosphaerella arachidicola (IC(50)= 3 μM), Setospaeria turcica and Bipolaris maydis, was isolated from the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. brown kidney bean. The peptide was purified by employing a protocol that entailed adsorption on Affi-gel blue gel and Mono S and finally gel filtration on Superdex 75. The antifungal activity of the peptide against M. arachidicola was stable in the pH range 3-12 and in the temperature range 0°C to 80°C. There was a slight reduction of the antifungal activity at pH 2 and 13, and the activity was indiscernible at pH 0, 1, and 14. The activity at 90°C and 100°C was slightly diminished. Deposition of Congo red at the hyphal tips of M. arachidicola was induced by the peptide indicating inhibition of hyphal growth. The lack of antiproliferative activity of brown kidney bean antifungal peptide toward tumor cells, in contrast to the presence of such activity of other antifungal peptides, indicates that different domains are responsible for the antifungal and antiproliferative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau Sang Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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