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Azeredo R, Peixoto D, Santos P, Duarte I, Ricardo A, Aragão C, Machado M, Costas B. Dietary Tryptophan Plays a Role as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent in European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Juveniles during Chronic Inflammation. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:309. [PMID: 38785791 PMCID: PMC11117642 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Where teleost fish are concerned, studies in tryptophan immunomodulation generally point to immunosuppressive properties, thus presenting a potential anti-inflammatory dietary strategy. The goal of the present work was to evaluate the effects of tryptophan dietary supplementation on immune and neuroendocrine responses of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, undergoing chronic inflammation. Juvenile European seabass were intraperitoneally injected with either Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA, inflamed group) or a saline solution (control group). Within each group, fish were fed a control (CTRL) and a CTRL-based diet supplemented with tryptophan (0.3% DM basis; TRP) for 4 weeks. Different tissues were sampled every week for the assessment of immune-related parameters. When TRP was provided to FIA-injected fish, mcsfr gene expression increased from 1 to 2 weeks and remained high until the end of the experiment. The same fish showed a concurrent increase in peripheral monocyte counts. Moreover, il34 expression at 1 week post-FIA injection was higher in TRP-fed than in CTRL-fed fish. After one week, molecular patterns of anti-inflammatory processes seemed to be favoured by TRP (mcsfr, gr1, il34 and tgfβ). Altogether, the results show that the feeding period seems to be critical where tryptophan supplementation is concerned since at later inflammatory stages-and longer feeding periods-fish fed TRP displayed a molecular profile similar to that of the CTRL group. In contrast, shorter administration periods might accelerate immune regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Ricardo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Aragão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Campus da Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal (M.M.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Peixoto D, Carvalho I, Machado M, Aragão C, Costas B, Azeredo R. Dietary tryptophan intervention counteracts stress-induced transcriptional changes in a teleost fish HPI axis during inflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7354. [PMID: 38548769 PMCID: PMC10978975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune nutrition is currently used to enhance fish health by incorporating functional ingredients into aquafeeds. This study aimed to investigate the connections between tryptophan nutrition and the network that regulates the communication pathways between neuroendocrine and immune systems in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). When tryptophan was supplemented in the diet of unstressed fish, it induced changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis response to stress. Tryptophan-mediated effects were observed in the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoid receptors. Tryptophan supplementation decreased pro-opiomelanocortin b-like levels, that are related with adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol secretion. When stressed fish fed a tryptophan-supplemented diet were subjected to an inflammatory stimulus, plasma cortisol levels decreased and the expression of genes involved in the neuroendocrine response was altered. Modulatory effects of tryptophan dietary intervention on molecular patterns seem to be mediated by altered patterns in serotonergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Peixoto
- CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Inês Carvalho
- CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Aragão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal
- Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita Azeredo
- CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Badawy AAB, Guillemin GJ. Species Differences in Tryptophan Metabolism and Disposition. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221122511. [PMID: 36325027 PMCID: PMC9620070 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221122511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Major species differences in tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and disposition exist
with important physiological, functional and toxicity implications. Unlike
mammalian and other species in which plasma Trp exists largely bound to albumin,
teleosts and other aquatic species possess little or no albumin, such that Trp
entry into their tissues is not hampered, neither is that of environmental
chemicals and toxins, hence the need for strict measures to safeguard their
aquatic environments. In species sensitive to toxicity of excess Trp, hepatic
Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) lacks the free apoenzyme and its glucocorticoid
induction mechanism. These species, which are largely herbivorous, however,
dispose of Trp more rapidly and their TDO is activated by smaller doses of Trp
than Trp-tolerant species. In general, sensitive species may possess a higher
indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity which equips them to resist immune
insults up to a point. Of the enzymes of the kynurenine pathway beyond TDO and
IDO, 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic acid-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD)
determines the extent of progress of the pathway towards NAD+
synthesis and its activity varies across species, with the domestic cat
(Felis catus) being the leading species possessing the
highest activity, hence its inability to utilise Trp for NAD+
synthesis. The paucity of current knowledge of Trp metabolism and disposition in
wild carnivores, invertebrates and many other animal species described here
underscores the need for further studies of the physiology of these species and
its interaction with Trp metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A-B Badawy
- Formerly School of Health Sciences,
Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK,Abdulla A-B Badawy, Formerly School of
Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff,
Wales, CF5 2YB, UK.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, MND Research
Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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Sudar-Milovanovic E, Gluvic Z, Obradovic M, Zaric B, Isenovic ER. Tryptophan Metabolism in Atherosclerosis and Diabetes. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:99-113. [PMID: 34269660 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210714153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) undergoes catabolism through several pathways, producing biologically active metabolites that significantly impact physiological processes. The metabolic pathway responsible for the majority of Trp catabolism is the kynurenine synthesis pathway (KP). Serotonin and melatonin are among the most essential Trp pathways degradation products. It has emerged that a strong relationship exists between alterations in Trp metabolism and the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the small and medium arteries wall caused by maladaptive local immune responses, which underpins several cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Systemic low-grade immune-mediated inflammation is implicated in atherosclerosis where pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), play a significant role. IFN-γ upregulates the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), decreasing serum levels of the Trp and increasing metabolite levels of kynurenine. Increased IDO expression and activity could accelerate the atherosclerosis process. Therefore, activated IDO inhibition could offer possible treatment options regarding atherosclerosis management. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that, over time, leads to severe damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and peripheral nerves. Trp serum levels and lower activity of IDO were higher in future type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. This article reviews recent findings on the link between mammalian Trp metabolism and its role in atherosclerosis and diabetes and outlines the intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emina Sudar-Milovanovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Milan Obradovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Bozidarka Zaric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade,Serbia
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Sahu S, Biswas P, Singh SK, Patel AB, Barman AS, Pandey PK. Reproductive and immuno-biochemical response of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) fed dietary l-tryptophan. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Morales-Lange B, Ramírez-Cepeda F, Schmitt P, Guzmán F, Lagos L, Øverland M, Wong-Benito V, Imarai M, Fuentes D, Boltaña S, Alcaíno J, Soto C, Mercado L. Interferon Gamma Induces the Increase of Cell-Surface Markers (CD80/86, CD83 and MHC-II) in Splenocytes From Atlantic Salmon. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666356. [PMID: 34054836 PMCID: PMC8155612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine capable of modulating the innate and adaptive immune responses which has been widely characterized in several teleost families. In fish, IFNγ stimulates the expression of cytokines and chemokines associated with the pro-inflammatory response and enhances the production of nitrogen and oxygen reactive species in phagocytic cells. This work studied the effect of IFNγ on the expression of cell-surface markers on splenocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In vitro results showed that subpopulations of mononuclear splenocytes cultured for 15 days were capable of increasing gene expression and protein availability of cell-surface markers such as CD80/86, CD83 and MHC II, after being stimulated with recombinant IFNγ. These results were observed for subpopulations with characteristics associated with monocytes (51%), and features that could be related to lymphocytes (46.3%). In addition, a decrease in the expression of zbtb46 was detected in IFNγ-stimulated splenocytes. Finally, the expression of IFNγ and cell-surface markers was assessed in Atlantic salmon under field conditions. In vivo results showed that the expression of ifnγ increased simultaneously with the up-regulation of cd80/86, cd83 and mhcii during a natural outbreak of Piscirickettsia salmonis. Overall, the results obtained in this study allow us to propose IFNγ as a candidate molecule to stimulate the phenotypic progression of a small population of immune cells, which will increase antigen presenting cells markers. Thereby, modulatory strategies using IFNγ may generate a robust and coordinated immune response in fish against pathogens that affect aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Morales-Lange
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Ramírez-Cepeda
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Síntesis de Péptidos, Núcleo Biotecnología de Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Leidy Lagos
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Valentina Wong-Benito
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Derie Fuentes
- Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems, Center for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Boltaña
- Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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7
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Morales-Lange B, Nombela I, Ortega-Villaizán MDM, Imarai M, Schmitt P, Mercado L. Induction of foxp3 during the Crosstalk between Antigen Presenting Like-Cells MHCII +CD83 + and Splenocytes CD4 +IgM - in Rainbow Trout. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040324. [PMID: 33924548 PMCID: PMC8069158 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In aquatic biological models, the communication between cells from the immune system remains poorly characterized. In this work, to determine the gene expression of master transcriptional factors that coordinate the polarization of T cells, co-cultures of rainbow trout splenocytes are analyzed after stimulation with Interferon-gamma and/or Piscirickettsia salmonis. The results showed an upregulation of foxp3 compared to the other transcriptional factors, suggesting a potential communication between cells in the spleen, which may induce a Treg phenotype. Abstract In fish, the spleen is one of the major immune organs in the animal, and the splenocytes could play a key role in the activation and modulation of the immune response, both innate and adaptive. However, the crosstalk between different types of immune cells in the spleen has been poorly understood. In this work, an in vitro strategy is carried out to obtain and characterize mononuclear splenocytes from rainbow trout, using biomarkers associated with lymphocytes (CD4 and IgM) and antigen-presenting cells (CD83 and MHC II). Using these splenocytes, co-cultures of 24 and 48 h are used to determine the gene expression of master transcriptional factors that coordinate the polarization of T cells (t-bet, gata3, and foxp3). The results show a proportional upregulation of foxp3 (compared to t-bet and gata3) in co-cultures (at 24 h) of IFNγ-induced splenocytes with and without stimulation of Piscirickettsia salmonis proteins. In addition, foxp3 upregulation was established in co-cultures with IFNγ-induced cells and in cells only stimulated previously with P. salmonis proteins at 48 h of co-culture. These results show a potential communication between antigen-presenting-like cells and lymphocyte in the spleen, which could be induced towards a Treg phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Morales-Lange
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile; (B.M.-L.); (P.S.)
| | - Ivan Nombela
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (I.N.); (M.D.M.O.-V.)
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000 Flanders, Belgium
| | - María Del Mar Ortega-Villaizán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (I.N.); (M.D.M.O.-V.)
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central, 9160000 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile; (B.M.-L.); (P.S.)
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile; (B.M.-L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Machado M, Serra CR, Oliva-Teles A, Costas B. Methionine and Tryptophan Play Different Modulatory Roles in the European Seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax) Innate Immune Response and Apoptosis Signaling-An In Vitro Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660448. [PMID: 33790917 PMCID: PMC8005646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The range of metabolic pathways that are dependent on a proper supply of specific amino acids (AA) unveils their importance in the support of health. AA play central roles in key pathways vital for immune support and individual AA supplementation has shown to be able to modulate fish immunity. In vitro trials are important tools to evaluate the immunomodulatory role of AA, and the present study was conceived to evaluate methionine and tryptophan roles in immune-related mechanisms aiming to understand their effects in leucocyte functioning and AA pathways. For that purpose, head-kidney leucocytes were isolated and a primary cell culture established. The effect of methionine or tryptophan surplus on cell viability was assessed. Medium L-15 10% FBS without AA addition (0.5mM of L-methionine, 0.1 mM of L-tryptophan) was used as control. To that, L-methionine or L-tryptophan were supplemented at 1 and 2 times (M1x or M2x, and T1x or T2x). Nitric oxide, ATP, total antioxidant capacity, and immune-related genes were evaluated in response to lipopolysaccharides extracted from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida or UV-inactivated bacteria). Moreover, caspase 3 activity and apoptosis-related genes were evaluated in response to the apoptosis-inducing protein, AIP56. Distinct roles in leucocytes' immune response were observed, with contrasting outcomes in the modulation of individual pathways. Methionine surplus improved cell viability, polyamine production, and methionine-related genes expression in response to an inflammatory agent. Also, methionine supplementation lowered signals of apoptosis by AIP56, presenting lower caspase 3 activity and higher il1β and nf-κb expression. Cells cultured in tryptophan supplemented medium presented signals of an attenuated inflammatory response, with decreased ATP and enhanced expression of anti-inflammatory and catabolism-related genes in macrophages. In response to AIP56, leucocytes cultured in a tryptophan-rich medium presented lower resilience to the toxin, higher caspase 3 activity and expression of caspase 8, and lower expression of several genes, including nf-κb and p65. This study showed the ability of methionine surplus to improve leucocytes' response to an inflammatory agent and to lower signals of apoptosis by AIP56 induction, while tryptophan attenuated several cellular signals of the inflammatory response to UV-inactivated bacteria and lowered leucocyte resilience to AIP56.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Salmon T, Bruno CEM, de Amorim AF, Kfoury Junior JR. Presence of the protein indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the maternal-fetal interface of the yolk sac placenta of blue shark, Prionace glauca. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:256-260. [PMID: 32097719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a protein usually described in mammals, which, among other functions, participates in the maternal-fetal tolerance process. The blue-shark, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) is a viviparous placentary species in which the yolk sac develops during the pregnancy, turning into a placenta for matrotrophic nutrition of the embryo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of IDO in the P. glauca maternal-fetal interface along three gestation phases and describe its distribution and the meaning of its presence. The results showed IDO labelling during the yolk sac/placenta development in the ectoderm on the three development phases and in the endoderm at the two first phases. In the uterine epithelium, IDO was observed in the last two phases. These interface tissues are major contact areas between the mother and the semiallogeneic conceptus and this relation could induce an immunological response against the fetus. Therefore, the presence of IDO may indicate that it could have a similar role in the mechanism of maternal-fetal tolerance in the P. glauca placental interface, as described in eutherian mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Salmon
- Sector of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Eduardo M Bruno
- Sector of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Roberto Kfoury Junior
- Sector of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Pereiro P, Figueras A, Novoa B. Insights into teleost interferon-gamma biology: An update. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:150-164. [PMID: 31028897 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ) is probably one of the most relevant cytokines orchestrating the immune response in vertebrates. Although the activities mediated by this molecule are well known in mammals, several aspects of the IFN-ϒ system in teleosts remain a riddle to scientists. Numerous studies support a potentially similar role of the fish IFN-ϒ signalling pathway in some well-described immunological processes induced by this cytokine in mammals. Nevertheless, the existence in some teleost species of duplicated ifng genes and an additional gene derived from ifng known as interferon-γ-related (ifngrel), among other things, raises new interesting questions about the mode of action of these various molecules in fish. Moreover, certain IFN-ϒ-mediated activities recently observed in mammals are still fully unknown in fish. Another attractive but mainly unexplored curious property of IFN-ϒ in vertebrates is its potential dual role depending on the type of pathogen. In addition, some aspects mediated by this molecule could favour the resolution of a bacterial infection but be harmful in the context of a viral disease, and vice versa. This review collects old and new aspects of IFN-ϒ research in teleosts and discusses new questions and pathways of investigation based on recent discoveries in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain.
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11
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Cui ZW, Zhang XY, Zhang XJ, Wu N, Lu LF, Li S, Chen DD, Zhang YA. Molecular and functional characterization of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:301-308. [PMID: 30965085 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a kind of dioxygenase that can catalyze the degradation of levo-tryptophan (L-Trp) and plays key roles in immune tolerance. In this study, the IDO gene was cloned and functionally characterized from grass carp (gcIDO). The results showed that gcIDO overexpressed in GCO cells could catalyze the degradation of L-Trp through the L-Trp - kynurenine pathway, and this activity could be promoted by δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) while inhibited by levo-1-methyl tryptophan (L-1MT). Moreover, gcIDO was constitutively expressed in various tissues, and its expression could be significantly up-regulated by LPS and Poly (I:C) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Furthermore, recombinant TGF-β1 of grass carp could up-regulate the expression of IDO, TGF-β1, CD25, and Foxp3 in PBLs, indicating that the TGF-β1/IDO pathway is present in fish. In the soybean meal induced enteritis (SBMIE) model, the expression of gcIDO in the intestine was up-regulated significantly, demonstrating that gcIDO may play an immunoregulatory role in SBMIE. Taken together, these data suggest that the IDO plays multiple roles in the immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Azeredo R, Machado M, Martos-Sitcha JA, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Moura J, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Afonso A, Mancera JM, Costas B. Dietary Tryptophan Induces Opposite Health-Related Responses in the Senegalese Sole ( Solea senegalensis) Reared at Low or High Stocking Densities With Implications in Disease Resistance. Front Physiol 2019; 10:508. [PMID: 31118899 PMCID: PMC6504696 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High rearing densities are typical conditions of both inland and onshore intensive aquaculture units. Despite obvious drawbacks, this strategy is nonetheless used to increase production profits. Such conditions inflict stress on fish, reducing their ability to cope with disease, bringing producers to adopt therapeutic strategies. In an attempt to overcome deleterious effects of chronic stress, Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis, held at low (LD) or high density (HD) were fed tryptophan-supplemented diets with final tryptophan content at two (TRP2) or four times (TRP4) the requirement level, as well as a control and non-supplemented diet (CTRL) for 38 days. Fish were sampled at the end of the feeding trial for evaluation of their immune status, and mortalities were recorded following intra-peritoneal infection with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Blood was collected for analysis of the hematological profile and innate immune parameters in plasma. Pituitary and hypothalamus were sampled for the assessment of neuro-endocrine-related gene expression. During the feeding trial, fish fed TRP4 and held at LD conditions presented higher mortalities, whereas fish kept at HD seemed to benefit from this dietary treatment, as disease resistance increased over that of CTRL-fed fish. In accordance, cortisol level tended to be higher in fish fed both supplemented diets at LD compared to fish fed CTRL, but was lower in fish fed TRP4 than in those fed TRP2 under HD condition. Together with lower mRNA levels of proopiomelanocortin observed with both supplementation levels, these results suggest that higher levels of tryptophan might counteract stress-induced cortisol production, thereby rendering fish better prepared to cope with disease. Data regarding sole immune status showed no clear effects of tryptophan on leucocyte numbers, but TRP4-fed fish displayed inhibited alternative complement activity (ACH50) when held at LD, as opposed to their HD counterparts whose ACH50 was higher than that of CTRL-fed fish. In conclusion, while dietary tryptophan supplementation might have harmful effects in control fish, it might prove to be a promising strategy to overcome chronic stress-induced disease susceptibility in farmed Senegalese sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juan A Martos-Sitcha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Joana Moura
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Afonso
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juan M Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Machado M, Azeredo R, Domingues A, Fernandez-Boo S, Dias J, Conceição LEC, Costas B. Dietary tryptophan deficiency and its supplementation compromises inflammatory mechanisms and disease resistance in a teleost fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7689. [PMID: 31118462 PMCID: PMC6531542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan participates on several physiological mechanisms of the neuroendocrine-immune network and plays a critical role in macrophages and lymphocytes function. This study intended to evaluate the modulatory effects of dietary tryptophan on the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance to Photobacterium damselae piscicida. A tryptophan deficient diet (NTRP); a control diet (CTRL); and two other diets supplemented with tryptophan at 0.13% (TRP13) and 0.17% (TRP17) of feed weight were formulated. Fish were sampled at 2 and 4 weeks of feeding and the remaining were i.p. injected with Phdp (3 × 106 cfu/fish) at 4 weeks and the inflammatory response (at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection) as well as survival were evaluated. Results suggest that fish immune status was not altered in a tryptophan deficient scenario whereas in response to an inflammatory insult, plasma cortisol levels increased and the immune cell response was compromised, which translated in a lower disease resistance. When dietary tryptophan was offered 30% above its requirement level, plasma cortisol increased and, in response to bacterial infection, a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and several immune-related genes was observed, also compromising at some degree fish disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. .,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Domingues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fernandez-Boo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - J Dias
- Sparos Lda, Area Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, Olhão, Portugal
| | - L E C Conceição
- Sparos Lda, Area Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, Olhão, Portugal
| | - B Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Höglund E, Øverli Ø, Winberg S. Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways and Brain Serotonergic Activity: A Comparative Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:158. [PMID: 31024440 PMCID: PMC6463810 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential amino acid L-tryptophan (Trp) is the precursor of the monoaminergic neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). Numerous studies have shown that elevated dietary Trp has a suppressive effect on aggressive behavior and post-stress plasma cortisol concentrations in vertebrates, including teleosts. These effects are believed to be mediated by the brain serotonergic system, even though all mechanisms involved are not well understood. The rate of 5-HT biosynthesis is limited by Trp availability, but only in neurons of the hindbrain raphe area predominantly expressing the isoform TPH2 of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). In the periphery as well as in brain areas expressing TPH1, 5-HT synthesis is probably not restricted by Trp availability. Moreover, there are factors affecting Trp influx to the brain. Among those are acute stress, which, in contrast to long-term stress, may result in an increase in brain Trp availability. The mechanisms behind this stress induced increase in brain Trp concentration are not fully understood but sympathetic activation is likely to play an important role. Studies in mammals show that only a minor fraction of Trp is utilized for 5-HT synthesis whereas a larger fraction of the Trp pool enters the kynurenic pathway. The first stage of this pathway is catalyzed by the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and the extrahepatic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), enzymes that are induced by glucocorticoids and pro-inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Thus, chronic stress and infections can shunt available Trp toward the kynurenic pathway and thereby lower 5-HT synthesis. In accordance with this, dietary fatty acids affecting the pro-inflammatory cytokines has been suggested to affect metabolic fate of Trp. While TDO seems to be conserved by evolution in the vertebrate linage, earlier studies suggested that IDO was only present mammals. However, recent phylogenic studies show that IDO paralogues are present within the whole vertebrate linage, however, their involvement in the immune and stress reaction in teleost fishes remains to be investigated. In this review we summarize the results from previous studies on the effects of dietary Trp supplementation on behavior and neuroendocrinology, focusing on possible mechanisms involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Höglund
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Coastal Research, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Øyvind Øverli
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svante Winberg
- Behavioural Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Azeredo R, Serra CR, Oliva-Teles A, Costas B. Amino acids as modulators of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, innate immune response: an in vitro approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18009. [PMID: 29269876 PMCID: PMC5740149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost innate immune system is a most developed and powerful system in which fish highly rely throughout their lives. Conditions in aquaculture farms are particularly prone to disease, thus, health and welfare ensuring strategies are an urgent call to which nutrition is gradually becoming a most regarded achievement tool. This study intended to evaluate different amino acids' effect on immune-related mechanisms as well as their potential as enhancers of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, leucocyte functioning. To achieve these goals, primary cultures of head-kidney leucocytes were established and kept in amino acid (glutamine, arginine, tryptophan or methionine) supplemented culture media in two doses. The effects of amino acids treatments were then evaluated after stimulation with either Vibrio anguillarum or Vibrio anguillarum lipopolysaccharides by measuring nitric oxide production, extracellular respiratory burst, ATP and arginase activities, and expression of immune-related genes. Glutamine, arginine and tryptophan showed to be particularly relevant regarding cell energy dynamics; arginine and tryptophan supplementation also resulted in down-regulation of important immune-related genes. Immune responses in cells treated with methionine were generally enhanced but further studies, particularly those of enzymes activity, are essential to complement gene expression results and to better understand this nutrient's immune role in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Álvarez CA, Ramírez-Cepeda F, Santana P, Torres E, Cortés J, Guzmán F, Schmitt P, Mercado L. Insights into the diversity of NOD-like receptors: Identification and expression analysis of NLRC3, NLRC5 and NLRX1 in rainbow trout. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:102-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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David A, Lange A, Abdul-Sada A, Tyler CR, Hill EM. Disruption of the Prostaglandin Metabolome and Characterization of the Pharmaceutical Exposome in Fish Exposed to Wastewater Treatment Works Effluent As Revealed by Nanoflow-Nanospray Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:616-624. [PMID: 27976870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fish can be exposed to a complex mixture of chemical contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, present in discharges of wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) effluents. There is little information on the effects of effluent exposure on fish metabolism, especially the small molecule signaling compounds which are the biological target of many pharmaceuticals. We applied a newly developed sensitive nanoflow-nanospray mass spectrometry nontargeted profiling technique to identify changes in the exposome and metabolome of roach (Rutilus rutilus) exposed to a final WwTWs effluent for 15 days. Effluent exposure resulted in widespread reduction (between 50% and 90%) in prostaglandin (PG) profiles in fish tissues and plasma with disruptions also in tryptophan/serotonin, bile acid and lipid metabolism. Metabolite disruptions were not explained by altered expression of genes associated with the PG or tryptophan metabolism. Of the 31 pharmaceutical metabolites that were detected in the effluent exposome of fish, 6 were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs but with plasma concentrations too low to disrupt PG biosynthesis. PGs, bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites are important mediators regulating a diverse array of physiological systems in fish and the identity of wastewater contaminants disrupting their metabolism warrants further investigation on their exposure effects on fish health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur David
- School of Life Sciences. University of Sussex . Brighton. U.K. BN1 9QG
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences. University of Exeter , Exeter. U.K. EX4 4QD
| | - Alaa Abdul-Sada
- School of Life Sciences. University of Sussex . Brighton. U.K. BN1 9QG
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences. University of Exeter , Exeter. U.K. EX4 4QD
| | - Elizabeth M Hill
- School of Life Sciences. University of Sussex . Brighton. U.K. BN1 9QG
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