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Autumn M, Hu Y, Zeng J, McMenamin SK. Growth patterns of caudal fin rays are informed by both external signals from the regenerating organ and remembered identity autonomous to the local tissue. Dev Biol 2024; 515:121-128. [PMID: 39029570 PMCID: PMC11361315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Regenerating tissues must remember or interpret their spatial position, using this information to restore original size and patterning. The external skeleton of the zebrafish caudal fin is composed of 18 rays; after any portion of the fin is amputated, position-dependent regenerative growth restores each ray to its original length. We tested for transcriptional differences during regeneration of proximal versus distal tissues and identified 489 genes that differed in proximodistal expression. Thyroid hormone directs multiple aspects of ray patterning along the proximodistal axis, and we identified 364 transcripts showing a proximodistal expression pattern that was dependent on thyroid hormone context. To test what aspects of ray positional identity are directed by extrinsic environental cues versus remembered identity autonomous to the tissue, we transplanted distal portions of rays to proximal environments and evaluated regeneration within the new location. Native regenerating proximal tissue showed robust expression of scpp7, a transcript with thyroid-regulated proximal enrichment; in contrast, regenerating rays originating from transplanted distal tissue showed reduced (distal-like) expression during outgrowth. These distal-to-proximal transplants regenerated far beyond the length of the graft itself, indicating that cues from the proximal environment promoted additional growth. Nonetheless, these transplants initiated regeneration at a much slower rate compared to controls, suggesting memory of distal identity was retained by the transplanted tissue. This early growth retardation caused rays that originated from transplants to grow noticeably shorter than neighboring native rays. While several aspects of fin ray morphology (bifurcation, segment length) were found to be determined by the environment, we found that both regeneration speed and ray length are remembered autonomously by tissues, and that persist through multiple rounds of amputation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Autumn
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Yinan Hu
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Jenny Zeng
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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Abd El-Galil MAEAA, Abd-Elaal Hassan HAA, Abd Alhamed Ahmed FE, Abd Allah Mousa M, Emam AM, Osman AE. Impact of transportation in freshwater and brackish water on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) resistance. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:396. [PMID: 39243089 PMCID: PMC11378367 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oreochromis niloticus has great economic value and potential for farming and development. Transportation of fish was done for breeding or trading purpose and it is a challenging aspect of aquaculture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of transportation in freshwater and brackish water on the resistance of O. niloticus as well as transportation stress mitigation effect of NaCl. Four equal groups were used; each of 50 fish, the 1st group served as the control (P 1), while the 2nd group (PT 2) was transported in water without salt, the 3rd (PT 3) and 4th (PT 4) groups were transported in water containing 5 gL- 1 and 10 gL- 1 salt respectively. PT 2, PT 3 and PT 4 were transported for 5 h without any rest or sedative drugs. RESULTS The serum cortisol of O. niloticus significantly increased at 0 h and then decreased at 12 and 24 h post transportation in the PT 2 group and non-significantly increased at all point times in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups comparing to P 1 group. Mucin2 gene (MUC2) expression was non-significantly up regulated in the PT 2 group and down regulated in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 0 h comparing with P 1 group, but at 12 and 24 h it was significantly up regulated in the PT 2, PT 3 and PT 4 groups. The β Defensin-1 (β D1) and 2 (β D2) genes expression was non-significantly down-regulated in the PT 2 group and significantly up regulated in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 0 h., while at 12 and 24 h was significantly down regulated in the PT 2 group and non-significantly down regulated in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups, it significantly down regulated in the PT 2 and PT 3 group and non-significantly down regulated in the PT 4 group at 24 h. Non-significant up regulation in interleukin - 1β (IL-1β) gene expression was reported in the PT 2 group and non-significant down regulation in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 0 h. However, significant up regulation was recorded in the PT 2, PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 12 and 24 h. The Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expression was non-significantly up regulated in the PT 2 group and non-significantly down regulated in the PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 0 h. However, it was significantly up regulated in the PT 2, PT 3 and PT 4 groups at 12 and 24 h. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirmed the stressful effect of transportation on O. niloticus as well as the transportation stress mitigation effect of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohamed Abd Allah Mousa
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Arafah M Emam
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Smith C. The potential of zebrafish as drug discovery research tool in immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2219-2233. [PMID: 38926297 PMCID: PMC11300644 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) prevalence is estimated at 3-7% for Westernised populations, with annual incidence reported at almost 1 in 100 people globally. More recently, drug discovery approaches have been evolving towards more targeted therapies with an improved long-term safety profile, while the requirement for individualisation of medicine in complex conditions such as IMIDs, is acknowledged. However, existing preclinical models-such as cellular and in vivo mammalian models-are not ideal for modern drug discovery model requirements, such as real-time in vivo visualisation of drug effects, logistically feasible safety assessment over the course of a lifetime, or dynamic assessment of physiological changes during disease development. Zebrafish share high homology with humans in terms of proteins and disease-causing genes, with high conservation of physiological processes at organ, tissue, cellular and molecular level. These and other unique attributes, such as high fecundity, relative transparency and ease of genetic manipulation, positions zebrafish as the next major role player in IMID drug discovery. This review provides a brief overview of the suitability of this organism as model for human inflammatory disease and summarises the range of approaches used in zebrafish-based drug discovery research. Strengths and limitations of zebrafish as model organism, as well as important considerations in research study design, are discussed. Finally, under-utilised avenues for investigation in the IMID context are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Smith
- Experimental Medicine Group, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa.
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Autumn M, Hu Y, Zeng J, McMenamin SK. Growth patterns of caudal fin rays are informed by both external signals from the regenerating organ and remembered identity autonomous to the local tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.29.586899. [PMID: 38585773 PMCID: PMC10996721 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.29.586899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Regenerating tissues must remember or interpret their spatial position, using this information to restore original size and patterning. The external skeleton of the zebrafish caudal fin is composed of 18 rays; after any portion of the fin is amputated, position-dependent regenerative growth restores each ray to its original length. We tested for transcriptional differences during regeneration of proximal versus distal tissues and identified 489 genes that differed in proximodistal expression. Thyroid hormone directs multiple aspects of ray patterning along the proximodistal axis, and we identified 364 transcripts showing a proximodistal expression pattern that was dependent on thyroid hormone context. To test what aspects of ray positional identity are directed by extrinsic cues versus remembered identity autonomous to the tissue itself, we transplanted distal portions of rays to proximal environments and evaluated regeneration within the new location. While neighboring proximal tissue showed robust expression of scpp7, a transcript with thyroid-regulated proximal enrichment, regenerating rays originating from transplanted distal tissue showed reduced (distal-like) expression during outgrowth. These distal-to-proximal transplants regenerated far beyond the length of the graft itself, indicating that cues from the proximal environment promoted additional growth. Nonetheless, these transplants initially regenerated at a much slower rate compared to controls, suggesting memory of distal identity was retained by the transplanted tissue. This early growth retardation caused rays that originated from transplants to become noticeably shorter than their native neighboring rays. While several aspects of fin ray morphology (bifurcation, segment length) were found to be determined by the environment, regeneration speed and ray length are remembered autonomously by tissues, persisting across multiple rounds of amputation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Autumn
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Yinan Hu
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Jenny Zeng
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
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Yuan Z, Wang L, Chen C. Analysis of the prognostic, diagnostic and immunological role of HSP90α in malignant tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:963719. [PMID: 36158677 PMCID: PMC9499179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) encoded by the HSP90AA1 gene, is the stress inducible isoform of the molecular chaperone HSP90, and was demonstrated as a promising hallmark to diagnose, prognosis in malignant tumors. This study is to evaluate the value of HSP90α in diagnosis, prognosis and immunotherapy of malignant tumors by investigating the expression of HSP90α in plasma of various tumors and analyzing the expression of HSP90α at gene and protein levels via pan-cancer database. We founded that levels of HSP90α in malignant tumors groups were significantly higher than healthy controls in serum. Pan-cancer analysis showed that HSP90AA1 was highly expressed in 27 of 33 tumors, but low in individual cancers (such as renal malignancies). The plasma HSP90α level was positively correlated with the stage of malignant tumor, but there was no significant difference between HSP90AA1 and the stage of most tumors. Cox regression analysis showed that HSP90AA1 expression was significantly correlated with OS in only 6 of the 32 cancers, including LIHC, KIRC, HNSC, LUAD, BRCA and MESO. Up-regulation of HSP90AA1 in most tumors was positively correlated with PDCD1LG2 and CD274 immune checkpoint genes. T cell CD8+ was positively correlated with HSP90AA1 in COAD, DLBC and UVM, and negatively correlated with HSP90AA1 in ESCA, GBM, HNSC, KIRC, KIRP, UCEC and STAD. The AUC of HSP90α are generally high in different tumor groups, which indicated its diagnostic value in malignant tumors. In conclusion, serum HSP90α in patients with malignant tumor is generally elevated, which is of positive significance as an independent diagnosis and combined diagnosis. However, we found that the expression level of HSP90AA1 gene in most tumors was not completely consistent with the serum level, and even down-regulated in some tumors. Plasma levels can be used as biomarkers of poor prognosis in some tumors, but it cannot be used as a biomarker for poor prognosis of all tumors, and more in-depth studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yuan
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Longhao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of General Dentistry/Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Cheng Chen,
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Zhu WQ, Li K, Su S, Chen W, Liu Y, Qiu J. Effects of Zinc Ions Released From Ti-NW-Zn Surface on Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis In Vitro and in an In Vivo Zebrafish Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:848769. [PMID: 35528211 PMCID: PMC9068938 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.848769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-modified titanium materials have been widely applied in oral implants. Among them, our previous studies have also successfully prepared a novel acid-etched microstructured titanium surface modified with zinc-containing nanowires (Ti-NW-Zn) and proved its excellent biocompatibility. It is well known that the functional regulation between angiogenesis and osteogenesis is of great importance for bone remodeling around implants. However, there are few reports concerning the biological safety of zinc ions released from materials and the appropriate concentration of released zinc ions which was more conducive to angiogenesis and bone regeneration. In this study, we investigated the effects of zinc ions released from Ti-NW-Zn surfaces on angiogenesis and osteogenesis using the zebrafish model and revealed the relationship between angiogenesis and osteogenesis via HUVECs and MC3T3-E1s in vitro. We found that the zinc ions released from Ti-NW-Zn surfaces, with a concentration lower than median lethal concentrations (LCs) of zebrafish, were biologically safe and promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. Moreover, the proper concentration of zinc ions could induce the proliferation of HUVECs and osteogenic differentiation. The positive effects of the appropriate concentration of zinc ions on osteoblast behaviors might be regulated by activating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. These aspects may provide new sights into the mechanisms underlying zinc-modified titanium surfaces between osteogenesis and angiogenesis, to lay the foundation for further improving the materials, meanwhile, promoting the applications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Zhu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Qiu,
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Riley SE, Feng Y, Hansen CG. Hippo-Yap/Taz signalling in zebrafish regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:9. [PMID: 35087046 PMCID: PMC8795407 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of tissue regeneration varies widely between species. Mammals have a limited regenerative capacity whilst lower vertebrates such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater teleost, can robustly regenerate a range of tissues, including the spinal cord, heart, and fin. The molecular and cellular basis of this altered response is one of intense investigation. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the association between zebrafish regeneration and Hippo pathway function, a phosphorylation cascade that regulates cell proliferation, mechanotransduction, stem cell fate, and tumorigenesis, amongst others. We also compare this function to Hippo pathway activity in the regenerative response of other species. We find that the Hippo pathway effectors Yap/Taz facilitate zebrafish regeneration and that this appears to be latent in mammals, suggesting that therapeutically promoting precise and temporal YAP/TAZ signalling in humans may enhance regeneration and hence reduce morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna E Riley
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Carsten Gram Hansen
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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