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Yang W, Sun J, Leng J, Li Y, Guo Q, Wang L, Song L. A novel lectin with a distinct Gal_Lectin and CUB domain mediates haemocyte phagocytosis in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 159:105222. [PMID: 38964676 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Invertebrate lectins exhibit structural diversity and play crucial roles in the innate immune responses by recognizing and eliminating pathogens. In the present study, a novel lectin containing a Gal_Lectin, a CUB and a transmembrane domain was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (defined as CgGal-CUB). CgGal-CUB mRNA was detectable in all the examined tissues with the highest expression in adductor muscle (11.00-fold of that in haemocytes, p < 0.05). The expression level of CgGal-CUB mRNA in haemocytes was significantly up-regulated at 3, 24, 48 and 72 h (8.37-fold, 12.13-fold, 4.28-fold and 10.14-fold of that in the control group, respectively) after Vibrio splendidus stimulation. The recombinant CgGal-CUB (rCgGal-CUB) displayed binding capability to Mannan (MAN), peptidoglycan (PGN), D-(+)-Galactose and L-Rhamnose monohydrate, as well as Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, V. splendidus and Vibrio anguillarum), Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus sybtilis) and fungus (Pichia pastoris). rCgGal-CUB was also able to agglutinate V. splendidus, and inhibit V. splendidus growth. Furthermore, rCgGal-CUB exhibited the activities of enhancing the haemocyte phagocytosis towards V. splendidus, and the phagocytosis rate of haemocytes was descended in blockage assay with CgGal-CUB antibody. These results suggested that CgGal-CUB served as a pattern recognition receptor to bind various PAMPs and bacteria, and enhanced the haemocyte phagocytosis towards V. splendidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jinyuan Leng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yinan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Sun J, Liu C, Wang L, Song L. The Establishment of Complement System Is from Gene Duplication and Domain Shuffling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8119. [PMID: 39125697 PMCID: PMC11312191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian complement system constitutes a highly sophisticated body defense machinery. The evolutionary origin of the complement system can be traced to Coelenterata as the presence of the central component C3 and two activation proteases BF and MASP. In the present study, the main complement components were screened and analyzed from the genomes of different species in metazoan subphyla/phyla. C1q with classical domains can be traced to Annelida, and ficolin and MBL to Urochordata. C1r and C1s are only found in Chondrichthyes and even higher species, and MASP is traced to Coelenterata. In the evolutionary tree, C1r from Vertebrates is close to MASP1/2/3 from Deuterostomia and Coelenterata, and C1s from Vertebrates is close to MASP-like protease (MASPL) from Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Annelida. C2, BF, and DF can be traced to Mollusca, Coelenterata, and Porifera, respectively. There are no clear C2 and BF branches in the evolutionary tree. C3 can be traced to Coelenterata, and C4 and C5 are only in Chondrichthyes and even higher species. There are three clear C3, C4, and C5 branches in the evolutionary tree. C6-like (C6L) and C8 can be traced to Urochordata, and C7-like (C7L) can be traced to Cephalochordara. C6L, C7L, and C8 from Urochordata and Cephalochordara provide the structural conditions for the formation of Vertebrate MAC components. The findings unveil the evolutionary principles of the complement system and provide insight into its sophistication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (J.S.); (C.L.); (L.W.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (J.S.); (C.L.); (L.W.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (J.S.); (C.L.); (L.W.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; (J.S.); (C.L.); (L.W.)
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, Sobich J, Boguś MI. The effect of infection with the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomopthorales) on eighteen cytokine-like proteins in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) larvae. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1385863. [PMID: 38774871 PMCID: PMC11106378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In response to the replace mammal research models with insects in preliminary immunological studies, interest has grown in invertebrate defense systems. The immunological response is regulated by cytokines; however, while their role in mammals is well understood, little is known of their function in insects. A suitable target for studies into insect immunology is Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera), the wax moth: a common host for human fungal and bacterial pathogens. G. mellonella is also a perfect subject for studies into the presence of cytokine-like proteins. Specific objectives The main goal of present research was detection in insect immunocompetent cells the 18 mammalian cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IL-19, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TNF-β, GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF), which play important role in immunological response and indication how their level change after fungal infection. Methodology The changes of cytokine-like proteins level were detected in hemocytes taken from G. mellonella larvae infected with entomopathogenic fungus, C. coronatus. The presence of cytokine-proteins was confirmed with using fluorescence microscopy (in cultured hemocytes) and flow cytometry (in freshly collected hemolymph). The ELISA test was used to detect changes in concentration of examined cytokine-like proteins. Results Our findings indicated the presence of eighteen cytokine-like molecules in G. mellonella hemocytes during infection with C. coronatus. The hemocytes taken from infected larvae demonstrated higher fluorescence intensity for six cytokine-like proteins (GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-3, IL-15, IL-1β and IL-19) compared to untreated controls. ELISA test indicated significantly higher IL-3 and IL-15. M-CSF, IL-1α and IL-19 concentration in the hemolymph after fungal infection, and significantly lower TNF-β and G-CSF. Conclusions Our findings confirm that the selected cytokine-like molecules are present in insect hemocytes and that their concentrations change after fungal infection, which might suggest that they play a role in the anti-fungal immunological response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Kaczmarek
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sobich
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
- Dioscuri Centre for RNA-Protein Interactions in Human Health and Disease, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Hou Y, Liao T, Zhang F, Zhang T, Wang L, Lv W, Li Z. MicroRNA transcriptome analysis reveals the immune regulatory mechanism of Crassostrea hongkongesis against Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 145:109354. [PMID: 38171431 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that modulate target-genes expression and play crucial roles in post-transcriptional regulation and immune system regulation. The Hong Kong oyster (Crassostrea hongkongesis), as the main marine aquaculture shellfish in the South China Sea, not only has high economic and ecological value, but also is an ideal model for conducting research on pathogen host interaction. Vibrio harveyi, a Gram negative luminescent marine bacterium, is widely distributed in coastal water environments and can cause large-scale death of C. hongkongesis. However, little in formation is available on the immune regulatory mechanisms of C. hongkongesis infected with V. harveyi. Therefore, we performed microRNA transcriptome analysis for elucidating the immunoregulation mechanism of C. hongkongesis infected with V. harveyi. The results show that a total of 308468208 clean reads and 288371159 clean tags were obtained. 222 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. A total of 388 target genes that were differentially expressed and negatively correlated with miRNA expression were predicted by 222 DEmiRs. GO enrichment analysis of 388 DETGs showed that they were mainly enriched in the immune-related term of membrane-bounded vesicle, endocytic vesicle lumen, antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I, antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I, and other immune-related term. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DETGs were mainly enriched in the Complement and coagulation cascades, Herpes simplex virus 1 infection, Bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, Antigen processing and presentation and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. The 16 key DEmiRs and their target genes form a regulatory network for seven immune-related pathways. These results suggest that V. harveyi infection induces a complex miRNA response with wide-ranging effects on immune gene expression in the C. hongkongesis. This study explored the immune response of C. hongkongesis to V. harveyi infection at the level of miRNAs, which provides new ideas for the healthy culture and selective breeding of C. hongkongesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Hou
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Taoliang Liao
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Fangqi Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Wengang Lv
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China.
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Zhang T, Ma X, Wen H, Xu D, Jin W, Zhou Y. Full-length transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the diversity of immune-related genes in the threatened freshwater shellfish Solenaia oleivora. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108964. [PMID: 37481100 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Solenaia oleivora, a valuable and rare bivalve endemic to China, is becoming a threatened freshwater sepcies. However, the lack of research on its genome and immune system will hinder advances in its conservation and artificial breeding. In this study, we obtained the full-length transcriptome of S. oleivora using PacBio sequencing. A total of 21,415 transcripts with an average length of 1,726 bp were generated. Among these transcripts, 12,084 had coding sequences (CDS), of which 8,639 were annotated in 6 databases. The structure analysis identified 625 transcript factors (TFs), 8,005 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 5,288 simple sequences repeat (SSRs). Meanwhile, massive immune genes were identified from the transcriptome of S. oleivora. In terms of non-self-identification, 97 transcripts of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) were discovered, including peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), gram-negative bacteria binding proteins (GNBPs), toll-like receptors (TLRs), scavenger receptors (SRs), galectins (GALs), C-type lectins (CLTs), and fibrinogen-related protein (FREPs). For pathogen elimination, 7 transcripts related to antimicrobial peptides, lysozymes, and lysosomal enzymes were identified. Moreover, 33 complement-associated transcripts were found. This study enriched the genome resources of S. oleivora and provided new insights for the study of the immune system of S. oleivora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Haibo Wen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Dongpo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Wu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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Wei P, Yang W, Wang W, Li Y, Yan X, Wu W, Wang S, Sun J, Wang L, Song L. A MASP-like functions as PRR to regulate the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108829. [PMID: 37201731 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) is a type of central serine protease in the complement lectin pathway. In the present study, a MASP-like was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, defined as CgMASPL-2. The cDNA sequence of CgMASPL-2 was of 3399 bp with an open reading frame of 2757 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 918 amino acids containing three CUB domains, an EGF domain, two IG domains, and a Tryp_SPC domain. In the phylogenetic tree, CgMASPL-2 was firstly clustered with Mytilus californianus McMASP-2-like, and then assigned into the invertebrate branch. CgMASPL-2 shared similar domains with M. californianus McMASP-2-like and Littorina littorea LlMReM1. CgMASPL-2 mRNA was expressed in all the tested tissues with the highest expression in haemolymph. CgMASPL-2 protein was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of haemocytes. The mRNA expression of CgMASPL-2 increased significantly in haemocytes after Vibrio splendidus stimulation. The recombinant 3 × CUB-EGF domains of CgMASPL-2 displayed binding activities to diverse polysaccharides (lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan and mannose) and microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pichia pastoris, Vibrio anguillarum, V. splendidus and Escherichia coli). In anti-CgMASPL-2 treated oysters, the mRNA expressions of CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-2 in haemocytes decreased significantly after V. splendidus stimulation. The results indicated that CgMASPL-2 could directly sense microbes and regulate the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sicong Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiejie Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Saco A, Rey-Campos M, Novoa B, Figueras A. Mussel antiviral transcriptome response and elimination of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108735. [PMID: 37044187 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As filter-feeding bivalves, mussels have been traditionally studied as possible vectors of different bacterial or viral pathogens. The absence of a known viral pathogen in these bivalves makes it particularly interesting to study the interaction of the mussel innate immune system with a virus of interest. In the present work, mussels were challenged with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), which is a pathogen in several fish species. The viral load was eliminated after 24 h and mussels evidenced antiviral activity towards VHSV, demonstrating that the virus was recognized and eliminated by the immune system of the host and confirming that mussels are not VHSV vectors in the marine environment. The transcriptome activating the antiviral response was studied, revealing the involvement of cytoplasmic viral sensors with the subsequent activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and several downstream antiviral effectors. The inflammatory response was inhibited with the profound downregulation of MyD88, shifting the immune balance towards antiviral functions. High modulation of retrotransposon activity was observed, revealing a mechanism that facilitates the antiviral response and that had not been previously observed in these species. The expression of several inhibitors of apoptosis and apoptosis-promoting genes was modulated, although clear inhibition of apoptosis in bivalves after severe viral infection and subsequent disease was not observed in this study. Finally, the modulated expression of several long noncoding RNAs that were correlated with genes involved in the immune response was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaro Saco
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Novoa
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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