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Boutelle KN, Manzano MA, Pasquale EK, Bernard RS, Strong DR, Rhee KE, Eichen DM, Engel S, Miller A, Peterson CB. Design of the FRESH-teen study: A randomized controlled trial evaluating an adapted emotion regulation weight loss program for adolescents with overweight or obesity and their parent. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 145:107640. [PMID: 39079614 PMCID: PMC11412776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity affect >40% of adolescents. Family-based behavioral treatment (FBT) is the most efficacious behavioral treatment for weight management among youth and consists of nutrition and physical activity education, behavior change skills, and parent skills training. However, the efficacy of FBT decreases for youth as they get older. Increased emotional lability and limited emotion regulation skills may contribute to the reduced efficacy of FBT for adolescents. To date, there are no treatments for overweight or obesity specifically adapted for the needs of adolescents. We developed a treatment that integrates components from Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Emotion Focused Therapy with FBT (FBT+ER or FBT-ER) to address the specific needs of adolescents. The current study randomized 166 adolescents (BMI = 32.8; 14.3 years; 57% female; 32% Hispanic, 50% Non-Hispanic White, 18% Non-Hispanic and Non-White) and one of their parents (BMI = 32.9; 45.3 years; 85% female; 27% Hispanic, 57% Non-Hispanic White, 16% Non-Hispanic and Non-White) to 6 months of either standard FBT or FBT+ at 2 sites. Assessments were conducted at baseline, mid-treatment (month 3), post-treatment (month 6), 6-month follow-up (month 12) and 12-month follow-up (month 18). Primary outcomes are adolescent weight (BMIz/%BMIp95), emotion regulation skills, and emotional eating behaviors. Given the public health concern of adolescent obesity, FBT+ could prove extremely useful to provide more targeted and effective intervention for adolescents with overweight or obesity. CLINICAL TRIALS: # NCT03674944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Michael A Manzano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Ellen K Pasquale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Rebecca S Bernard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Scott Engel
- Sanford Research, 120 S. 8(th) St., Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Alec Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1 North Broadway Room: 704, White Plains, NY 10601, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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Kable JA, Potter AS, Akshoomoff N, Blasco PM, Bodson S, Ciciolla L, DeGray S, Hulce Z, Kuschner ES, Learnard B, Luciana M, Perez A, Novack MA, Riggins T, Shin SY, Smith S, Vannest J, Zimak EH. Measurement of emerging neurocognitive and language skills in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 70:101461. [PMID: 39368284 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The study plans enrolling over 7000 families across 27 sites. This manuscript presents the measures from the Neurocognition and Language Workgroup. Constructs were selected for their importance in normative development, evidence for altered trajectories associated with environmental influences, and predictive validity for child outcomes. Evaluation of measures considered psychometric properties, brevity, and developmental and cultural appropriateness. Both performance measures and caregiver report were used wherever possible. A balance of norm-referenced global measures of development (e.g., Bayley Scales of Infant Development-4) and more specific laboratory measures (e.g., deferred imitation) are included in the HBCD study battery. Domains of assessment include sensory processing, visual-spatial reasoning, expressive and receptive language, executive function, memory, numeracy, adaptive behavior, and neuromotor. Strategies for staff training and quality control procedures, as well as anticipated measures to be added as the cohort ages, are reviewed. The HBCD study presents a unique opportunity to examine early brain and neurodevelopment in young children through a lens that accounts for prenatal exposures, health and socio-economic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Kable
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
| | - Alexandra S Potter
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, 1 South Prospect Street Arnold 6, Burlington, VT 05401, United States.
| | | | - Patricia M Blasco
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute on Development & Disability, Oregon Health & Science University, United States.
| | - Stefanie Bodson
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Lucia Ciciolla
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, Stillwater, OK 74074, United States.
| | - Sherry DeGray
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, United States.
| | - Zoe Hulce
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, United States.
| | - Emily S Kuschner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Scientist and Licensed Psychologist, Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA 19146, United States.
| | - Britley Learnard
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, United States.
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Alexandra Perez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
| | - Miriam A Novack
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Tracy Riggins
- Department of Psychology, 4094 Campus Drive, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
| | - So Yeon Shin
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
| | - Sidney Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Speech-Language Pathologist, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Eric H Zimak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
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Zalasky NA, Luo F, Kim LH, Noor MS, Brown EC, Arantes AP, Ramasubbu R, Gruber AJ, Kiss ZHT, Clark DL. Integration of valence and conflict processing through cellular-field interactions in human subgenual cingulate during emotional face processing in treatment-resistant depression. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02667-6. [PMID: 39030263 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) has been identified as a key brain area involved in various cognitive and emotional processes. While the sgACC has been implicated in both emotional valuation and emotional conflict monitoring, it is still unclear how this area integrates multiple functions. We characterized both single neuron and local field oscillatory activity in 14 patients undergoing sgACC deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. During recording, patients were presented with a modified Stroop task containing emotional face images that varied in valence and congruence. We further analyzed spike-field interactions to understand how network dynamics influence single neuron activity in this area. Most single neurons responded to both valence and congruence, revealing that sgACC neuronal activity can encode multiple processes within the same task, indicative of multifunctionality. During peak neuronal response, we observed increased spectral power in low frequency oscillations, including theta-band synchronization (4-8 Hz), as well as desynchronization in beta-band frequencies (13-30 Hz). Theta activity was modulated by current trial congruency with greater increases in spectral power following non-congruent stimuli, while beta desynchronizations occurred regardless of emotional valence. Spike-field interactions revealed that local sgACC spiking was phase-locked most prominently to the beta band, whereas phase-locking to the theta band occurred in fewer neurons overall but was modulated more strongly for neurons that were responsive to task. Our findings provide the first direct evidence of spike-field interactions relating to emotional cognitive processing in the human sgACC. Furthermore, we directly related theta oscillatory dynamics in human sgACC to current trial congruency, demonstrating it as an important regulator during conflict detection. Our data endorse the sgACC as an integrative hub for cognitive emotional processing through modulation of beta and theta network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Zalasky
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Feng Luo
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Linda H Kim
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - M Sohail Noor
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elliot C Brown
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ana P Arantes
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rajamannar Ramasubbu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Aaron J Gruber
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Zelma H T Kiss
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Darren L Clark
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Wade NE, Courtney KE, Wallace AL, Hatz L, Jacobus J. Investigating sex differences and age of onset in emotion regulation, executive functioning, and cannabis use in adolescents and young adults. J Cannabis Res 2024; 6:20. [PMID: 38671541 PMCID: PMC11046960 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-024-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults have historically high levels of cannabis use at a time which coincides with emotional and cognitive development. Age of regular onset of cannabis use and sex at birth are hypothesized to influence the relationship between cannabis use and cognition. Here we investigated past 6-month cannabis use in relation to emotional and executive functioning. We further considered age of onset and sex in subgroup analyses. METHOD Young adults (N = 225; ages 16-22) completed a substance use interview and cognitive battery, including the Emotional Word-Emotional Face Stroop and NIH toolbox executive functioning tasks. Linear regressions examined relationships between past 6-month cannabis use episodes and performance. Subgroup analyses investigated whether age of onset or sex impacted relationships. RESULTS After correcting for multiple comparisons, greater past 6-month cannabis use episodes were related to poorer Emotional Stroop Congruent Accuracy (p = .0004, FDR-p = .002) and List Sorting Working Memory (p = .02, FDR-p = .10) performance. Younger age of regular use onset marginally related to lower Emotional Stroop Congruent Accuracy performance (p = .03, FDR-p = .13). There were no cannabis use by sex interactions on cognition. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior findings, results suggest small reductions in cannabis-related performance in processing speed during emotional Stroop and working memory tasks. Age of onset was modestly related to Stroop performance, but not sex. Longitudinal studies which detail patterns of cannabis and other substance use are needed to better assess brain-behavior relationships and other factors (e.g., age of onset of regular use, sex) which could influence cannabis-related impairments in cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kelly E Courtney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alexander L Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Laura Hatz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Luciana M, Barch D, Herting MM. Adolescent brain cognitive development study: Longitudinal methods, developmental findings, and associations with environmental risk factors. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101311. [PMID: 37827934 PMCID: PMC10757308 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University of St. Louis, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Departments of Population and Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, USA
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Zhang M, Wang J, Li Q, Li S, Bao X, Chen X. Temporal characteristics of emotional conflict processing: the modulation role of attachment styles. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 193:112243. [PMID: 37689370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical account of attachment proposed that individual differences in adult attachment styles play a key role in adjusting balance between affective evaluation and cognitive control. Yet, little is known about the temporal characteristics of emotional conflict processing modulated by attachment styles. Accordingly, the present study used event-related potentials (ERP) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) combined with an emotional face-word Stroop task to investigate the temporal dynamics of attachment-related cognitive-affective patterns in emotional conflict processing. The ERP results demonstrated multiple-process of emotional conflict modulated by attachment styles. In early sensory processing, positive faces captured avoidant attachment individuals' attention as reflected in greater P1, while the same situation led to greater N170 in secure and anxious individuals. Crucially, impairment in conflict-monitoring function was found in anxious individuals as reflected by the absence of interference effect on N450, leading to impaired ability of inhibitory control as indicated by decreased slow potential. In contrast, avoidant individuals showed greater slow potential for inhibiting emotional interference. Furthermore, MVPA revealed that the corresponding time window for conflict monitoring was found for emotional distractors decoding rather than congruency decoding in the anxious attachment group. Convergent results from ERPs and MVPA indicated that the deficits in emotional conflict monitoring and resolution among anxious individuals might be due to the excessive approach to emotional distractors, as they habitually use emotional evaluation rather than cognitive control. In summary, the present study provides electrophysiological evidence that attachment styles modulated emotional conflict processing, which highlights the contribution of attachment to social information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Qing Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Song Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiuqin Bao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Rezende G, Le Stanc L, Menu I, Cassotti M, Aïte A, Salvia E, Houdé O, Borst G, Cachia A. Differential effects of mindfulness meditation and cognitive training on cool and hot inhibitory control in children and adolescents. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 235:105741. [PMID: 37441988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) can occur either in a neutral context (cool) or in social contexts involving emotions (hot). Cool and hot IC have specific developmental trajectories; cool IC develops linearly from childhood to adulthood, whereas hot IC follows a quadratic trajectory. Some activities can improve the IC, such as cognitive training (CT) and mindfulness meditation (MM). The aim of our study was to compare the effects of 5 weeks of computerized MM versus CT on IC performance in 66 children (9-10 years old) and 63 adolescents (16-17 years old) by specifically analyzing cool and hot dimensions in the same participants and from a developmental perspective. We fit a linear mixed-effect model on the Stroop interference score with time (pretest vs. posttest) and type of conflict (cool vs. hot) as within-participant factors and intervention group (CT vs. MM) and age group (child vs. adolescent) as between-participant factors. The findings revealed that children but not adolescents benefitted from interventions. More specifically, CT improved cool IC but not hot IC, whereas MM practice improved hot IC but not cool IC. This study supports the benefits of MM at a young age. Theoretical issues linking MM programs to emotional competence grounded in hot IC skills are considered in academic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rezende
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lorna Le Stanc
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Iris Menu
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Cassotti
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ania Aïte
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Salvia
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Education, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 8240, 75005 Paris, France; Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders, Université Paris Cité, UMR INSERM 1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, 75005 Paris, France.
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Williams R, Andreassi S, Moselli M, Fantini F, Tanzilli A, Lingiardi V, Laghi F. Relationship between Executive Functions, Social Cognition, and Attachment State of Mind in Adolescence: An Explorative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2836. [PMID: 36833531 PMCID: PMC9957111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The passage from pre-adolescence to adolescence is presented as a turning point for the achievement of those abilities in social understanding as they commonly appear in adulthood. Developmental perspectives point to the possible role of neuro-cognitive maturation and social experiences to facilitate this growth. This paper has the goal to goalsto propose a valid and reliable measure of the new quantitative and qualitative advancements in social understanding occurring in the adolescent passage; relying on this, the research has two main objectives (a) to establish the associations between the advancements in social understanding and the executive functions held responsible for the neuro-cognitive rearrangements of adolescence; (c) to evidence the significant associations between attachment models and the development of social understanding in this phase of life. METHODS 100 subjects (50 boys and 50 girls, aged 11-15) were administered with AICA, SCORS, CNT, Stroop Color-Word Test, and WISC-III. RESULTS Advancements in the complexity of self-other representations and mentalization of interpersonal exchanges significantly occurs in the passage from pre-adolescence to adolescence and seem to be promoted by increased performances in executive control and cognitive shifting. Dismissing state of mind with respect to attachment is associated with lower development of social understanding in adolescence. The neurocognitive reorganization that underlies the passage from pre-adolescence to adolescence seems to provide the scaffolding for more sophisticated interpretations of the social world. Past and current affective experience can boost or hinder the full deployment of such human maturational potential. Given the importance of social cognition for adjustment and psychopathology, clinical intervention should target the amelioration of individual and family abilities in social reasoning and mentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Williams
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Andreassi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moselli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Fantini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tanzilli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lingiardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 1, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza—University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
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9
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Jia LX, Ye JY, Cui JF, Shi HS, Yang TX, Wang Y. Proactive and reactive cognitive control for emotional conflict in individuals with high schizotypy: An ERP study. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 145:36-44. [PMID: 36413979 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine how individuals with high schizotypy, a high risk group of schizophrenia patients, resolve emotional conflict in proactive and reactive control and the underlying neural mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-two individuals with high schizotypy and 30 matched individuals with low schizotypy completed an emotional face-word Stroop task with electroencephalographic data recorded. The proportion of incongruent trials was manipulated in the task to induce proactive control (mostly incongruent trials context, MI context) or reactive control (mostly congruent trials context, MC context). Two event-related potential (ERP) components (N170 and N2) were examined, which represent face processing and cognitive control processes, respectively. RESULTS In the MC context, significantly decreased N2 and N170 amplitudes were found in high schizotypy individuals compared with low schizotypy individuals, suggesting abnormal neural activity of reactive control in high schizotypy individuals. No significant differences were found between the two groups in the MI context. CONCLUSIONS These results provide initial evidence for dissociation of neural activity of proactive and reactive control on emotional conflict in individuals with high schizotypy. SIGNIFICANCE The current findings provide important insight into the emotional conflict resolution in the schizophrenia spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Xia Jia
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Ye
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Research Center for Information and Statistics, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Song Shi
- North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Yaghoubi KC, Kabbara S, Arian S, Kobaissi H, Peters MAK, Seitz AR. Comparing random dot motion in MATLAB vs. Inquisit Millisecond. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1035518. [PMID: 36562063 PMCID: PMC9763265 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1035518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Random Dot Motion (RDM) displays refer to clouds of independently moving dots that can be parametrically manipulated to provide a perception of the overall cloud moving coherently in a specified direction of motion. As a well-studied probe of motion perception, RDMs have been widely employed to understand underlying neural mechanisms of motion perception, perceptual decision-making, and perceptual learning, among other processes. Despite their wide use, RDM stimuli implementation is highly dependent on the parameters and the generation algorithm of the stimuli; both can greatly influence behavioral performance on RDM tasks. With the advent of the COVID pandemic and an increased need for more accessible platforms, we aimed to validate a novel RDM paradigm on Inquisit Millisecond, a platform for the online administration of cognitive and neuropsychological tests and assessments. We directly compared, in the same participants using the same display, a novel RDM paradigm on both Inquisit Millisecond and MATLAB with Psychtoolbox. We found that psychometric functions of Coherence largely match between Inquisit Millisecond and MATLAB, as do the effects of Duration. These data demonstrate that the Millisecond RDM provides data largely consistent with those previously found in laboratory-based systems, and the present findings can serve as a reference point for expected thresholds for when these procedures are used remotely on different platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia C. Yaghoubi
- Perception and Learning Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Kimia C. Yaghoubi,
| | - Sarah Kabbara
- Perception and Learning Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sara Arian
- Perception and Learning Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Hadi Kobaissi
- Perception and Learning Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Megan A. K. Peters
- Cognitive and Neural Computation Laboratory, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aaron R. Seitz
- Perception and Learning Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Wade NE, Courtney KE, Doran N, Baca R, Aguinaldo LD, Thompson C, Finegan J, Jacobus J. Young Adult E-Cigarette and Combustible Tobacco Users Attitudes, Substance Use Behaviors, Mental Health, and Neurocognitive Performance. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070889. [PMID: 35884696 PMCID: PMC9312928 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) use has escalated, largely due to the advent of e-cigarettes. The NTP administration method (i.e., combustible cigarette, e-cigarette) may be an important differentiator. We assessed young adult substance use history, nicotine attitudes, mental health, and neurocognition by the NTP use method. Emerging adults (16–22 year olds) were divided into combustible NTP users (Combustible+ = 79, had used any combustible NTP in the last 6 months), non-combustible users (E-Cig = 43, had used non-combustible NTP, in the past 6 months), and NTP Naïve (n = 79; had not used NTP in the past 6 months) based on past 6-month NTP use patterns. Participants completed self-report and objective neurocognition measures. Analysis of covariance assessed mental health and neurocognition by group, controlling for confounds and correcting for multiple comparisons. Nicotine groups reported more favorable attitudes toward combustible cigarette and e-cigarette use, with taste as the primary reason for e-cigarette use. Combustible+ reported more nicotine dependence and craving. Substance use differed by group, with Combustible+ using the most NTP, alcohol, and cannabis. Nicotine groups reported higher depression and stress symptoms; male Combustible+ reported higher depression symptoms than other same-gender groups. Groups did not differ on neurocognition, though cannabis use was associated with inaccurate emotional Stroop responses. Overall, research suggests that young adult combustible users are likely qualitatively different from non-combustible users. Understanding the unique characteristics related to NTP product use will help guide intervention and prevention development.
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