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C PR, N B KB, A RK, Shanmugam V, N S B, Sahani R, Behera L, A P, Thansekhar MR. Progress in the Optimization of Compositional Design and Thermomechanical Processing of Metastable β Ti Alloys for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3528-3547. [PMID: 38722763 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few years, significant research and development in the manufacturing industry related to the medical field has been done. The aim has been to improve existing biomaterials and bioimplants by exploring new methods and strategies. Beta titanium alloys, known for their exceptional strength-to-modulus ratio, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and ease of shaping, are expected to play a crucial role in manufacturing the next generation of biomedical equipment. To meet the specific requirements of human bone, researchers have employed key techniques like compositional design and thermomechanical processing routes to advance biomaterial development. These materials find extensive applications in orthopedic, orthodontic, and cardiovascular biomedical implants. Several studies have shown that precise material composition, with appropriate heat treatment and suitable mechanical approaches, can yield the desired mechanical properties for bone implants. In this review article, we explore the evolution of alloys at different stages, with a particular focus on their preparation for use in biomedical implants. The primary focus is on designing low-modulus β Ti alloy compositions and employing processing techniques to achieve high strength while maintaining a low young modulus suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Raja C
- School of Marine Engineering and Technology, Indian Maritime University, Kolkata 700088, India
| | - Karthik Babu N B
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Energy Institute, A Centre of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Sivasagar, Assam 785697, India
| | - Rajesh Kannan A
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Vigneshwaran Shanmugam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji N S
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem 534102, India
| | - Rishikant Sahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Laxmidhar Behera
- Department of Civil Engineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761211, India
| | - Pugazhenthi A
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College of Engineering Dindigul, Dindigul 624622, India
| | - M R Thansekhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Madurai 630 612, India
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Yilmaz EÇ. Investigation of Bruxism wear behavior of titanium alloy biomaterials; experimental and 3D finite element simulation. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38590232 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2339476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bruxism can be defined as the process of direct contact with teeth and dental materials with an involuntary jaw-tightening movement. In this process, teeth and dental materials can be exposed to various damage mechanisms. This study aims to realize the mechanism of bruxism with finite element analysis and in vitro rotating chewing movement analysis. Within the scope of the study, cp-Ti, Ti-5Zr, and Ti-5Ta materials were subjected to wear tests in the finite element analysis and in vitro rotating chewing movement method under the determined Bruxism chewing test conditions. Test specimens with cylindrical geometry were exposed to a direct every-contact wear mechanism for 30 s under 150 N bruxism chewing bite force. The bruxism chewing cycle continued for 300 min at a frequency of 2 Hz. Microanalysis of the wear surfaces of the samples after the experimental study was carried out with Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results obtained within the scope of this study showed that the Bruxism wear resistance increased by adding zirconium and tantalum to pure titanium material. This result shows that pure titanium material, which is known to have poor wear resistance, can be improved with Zr and Ta alloys. It is clinically important that the success rate in the treatment process increases with the increase in wear resistance. However, the micro-cracks observed in the microstructure may have occurred in the sub-surface, which is a show of the fatigue wear mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe Çetin Yilmaz
- Department of Control Systems Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kilis 7 Aralık University Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Kilis, Turkey
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3
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Li Y, Zhou Z, He Y. Tribocorrosion and Surface Protection Technology of Titanium Alloys: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:65. [PMID: 38203919 PMCID: PMC10779822 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Titanium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility and is widely used in marine equipment, biomedicine, aerospace, and other fields. However, the application of titanium alloy in special working conditions shows some shortcomings, such as low hardness and poor wear resistance, which seriously affect the long life and safe and reliable service of the structural parts. Tribocorrosion has been one of the research hotspots in the field of tribology in recent years, and it is one of the essential factors affecting the application of passivated metal in corrosive environments. In this work, the characteristics of the marine and human environments and their critical tribological problems are analyzed, and the research connotation of tribocorrosion of titanium alloy is expounded. The research status of surface protection technology for titanium alloy in marine and biological environments is reviewed, and the development direction and trends in surface engineering of titanium alloy are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Zelong Zhou
- School of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yongyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhao Q, Ueno T, Wakabayashi N. A review in titanium-zirconium binary alloy for use in dental implants: Is there an ideal Ti-Zr composing ratio? JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:28-37. [PMID: 36819742 PMCID: PMC9929582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Binary titanium-zirconium alloys have been studied as promising alternatives for Ti implants. The commercial Ti-15Zr alloy (Roxolid, Straumann) has been the major subject of numerous binary Ti-Zr alloys-related studies and has gained wide recognition in laboratory studies and clinical practices. However, binary Ti-Zr alloys of other composition ratios are still being investigated by researchers. This review aims to provide information on the potential of binary Ti-Zr alloys other than Ti-15Zr as implant materials in terms of mechanical strengths, chemical or electrochemical corrosion resistance capabilities, and biological performances. In addition, in this review, the Ti-15Zr alloy is discussed only when compared with other binary Ti-Zr alloys. From the included 26 studies, it is confirmed that the mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, and biological properties of Ti-Zr alloys are related to the Ti and Zr composition ratio in the alloy, phase, manufacturing process, and surface treatment. Among the studied alloys, α-or α' phase-Ti-5 wt, 45 wt/30at, and 50 wt. %Zr exhibited relatively more promising results for further investigation. More research is necessary to evaluate the potential for future use of these materials for implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Corresponding author at: Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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Torres-Sanchez C, Alabort E, Herring O, Bell H, Tam CY, Yang S, Conway PP. Multidimensional analysis for the correlation of physico-chemical attributes to osteoblastogenesis in TiNbZrSnTa alloys. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213572. [PMID: 37566936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Data-enabled approaches that complement experimental testing offer new capabilities to investigate the interplay between chemical, physical and mechanical attributes of alloys and elucidate their effect on biological behaviours. Reported here, instead of physical causation, statistical correlations were used to study the factors responsible for the adhesion, proliferation and maturation of pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cultured on Titanium alloys. Eight alloys with varying wt% of Niobium, Zirconium, Tin and Tantalum (Ti- (2-22 wt%)Nb- (5-20 wt%)Zr- (0-18 wt%)Sn- (0-14 wt%)Ta) were designed to achieve exemplars of allotropes (incl., metastable-β, β + α', α″). Following confirmation of their compositions (ICP, EDX) and their crystal structure (XRD, SEM), their compressive bulk properties were measured and their surface features characterised (XPS, SFE). Because these alloys are intended for the manufacture of implantable orthopaedic devices, the correlation focuses on the effect of surface properties on cellular behaviour. Physico-chemical attributes were paired to biological performance, and these highlight the positive interdependencies between oxide composition and proliferation (esp. Ti4+), and maturation (esp. Zr4+). The correlation reveals the negative effect of oxide thickness, esp. TiOx and TaOx on osteoblastogenesis. This study also shows that the characterisation of the chemical state and elemental electronic structure of the alloys' surface is more predictive than physical properties, namely SFE and roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torres-Sanchez
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK.
| | - E Alabort
- Alloyed Ltd., Unit 15, Oxford Industrial Park, Yarnton OX5 1QU, UK
| | - O Herring
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - H Bell
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - C Y Tam
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - S Yang
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
| | - P P Conway
- Multifunctional Materials Manufacturing Lab, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, LE11 3TU Loughborough, Leics, UK
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Konatu RT, Domingues DD, França R, Alves APR. XPS Characterization of TiO 2 Nanotubes Growth on the Surface of the Ti15Zr15Mo Alloy for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:353. [PMID: 37504848 PMCID: PMC10381681 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ti15Zr15Mo (TMZ alloy) has been studied in recent years for biomedical applications, mainly due to phase beta formation. From the surface modification, it is possible to associate the volume and surface properties with a better biomedical response. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using anodization to obtain TiO2 nanotubes due to the presence of valve-type metal (Zr) in their composition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to determine the surface chemical composition in both after-processing conditions (passive layer) and after-processing plus anodization (TiO2 nanotube growth). The anodization resulted in nanotubes with diameters and thicknesses of 126 ± 35 and 1294 ± 193 nm, respectively, and predominated anatase phase. Compared to the passive layer of titanium, which is less than ~10 nm, the oxide layer formed was continuous and thicker. High-resolution spectra revealed that the oxide layer of the element alloys contained different oxidation states. The major phase in all depths for the nanotube samples was TiO2. While the stable form of each oxide was found to predominate on the surface, the inner part of the oxide layer consisted of suboxides and metallic forms. This composition included different oxidation states of the substrate elements Ti, Zr, and Mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginaldo Toshihiro Konatu
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratingueta Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Danielle Duque Domingues
- School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0W2, Canada
| | - Ana Paula Rosifini Alves
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratingueta Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
- School of Engineering, Ilha Solteira Campus, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo 15385-000, Brazil
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Cai H, Xu X, Lu X, Zhao M, Jia Q, Jiang HB, Kwon JS. Dental Materials Applied to 3D and 4D Printing Technologies: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102405. [PMID: 37242980 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have matured, three-dimensional (3D) printing materials suitable for dentistry have attracted considerable research interest, owing to their high efficiency and low cost for clinical treatment. Three-dimensional printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, has developed rapidly over the last forty years, with gradual application in various fields from industry to dental sciences. Four-dimensional (4D) printing, defined as the fabrication of complex spontaneous structures that change over time in response to external stimuli in expected ways, includes the increasingly popular bioprinting. Existing 3D printing materials have varied characteristics and scopes of application; therefore, categorization is required. This review aims to classify, summarize, and discuss dental materials for 3D printing and 4D printing from a clinical perspective. Based on these, this review describes four major materials, i.e., polymers, metals, ceramics, and biomaterials. The manufacturing process of 3D printing and 4D printing materials, their characteristics, applicable printing technologies, and clinical application scope are described in detail. Furthermore, the development of composite materials for 3D printing is the main focus of future research, as combining multiple materials can improve the materials' properties. Updates in material sciences play important roles in dentistry; hence, the emergence of newer materials are expected to promote further innovations in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongXin Cai
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Xinyue Lu
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Menghua Zhao
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Qi Jia
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Heng-Bo Jiang
- The CONVERSATIONALIST Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department and Research Institute of Dental Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Strnad G, Jakab-Farkas L, Gobber FS, Peter I. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Oxide Layers on Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta and Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe Biomedical Alloys. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040180. [PMID: 37103270 PMCID: PMC10143151 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous/nanotubular complex oxide layers were developed on high-fraction β phase quaternary Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta and Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe promising biomedical alloys with a low elasticity modulus. Surface modification was achieved by electrochemical anodization aimed at the synthesis of the morphology of the nanostructures, which exhibited inner diameters of 15–100 nm. SEM, EDS, XRD, and current evolution analyses were performed for the characterization of the oxide layers. By optimizing the process parameters of electrochemical anodization, complex oxide layers with pore/tube openings of 18–92 nm on Ti-10Nb-10Zr-5Ta, 19–89 nm on Ti-20Nb-20Zr-4Ta, and 17–72 nm on Ti-29.3Nb-13.6Zr-1.9Fe alloys were synthesized using 1 M H3PO4 + 0.5 wt% HF aqueous electrolytes and 0.5 wt% NH4F + 2 wt% H20 + ethylene glycol organic electrolytes.
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Carobolante JPA, Pereira Júnior A, Bortolini Junior C, Barboza da Silva K, Sabino RM, Popat KC, Claro APRA. Processing and Characterization of a New Quaternary Alloy Ti 10Mo 8Nb 6Zr for Potential Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15238636. [PMID: 36500131 PMCID: PMC9737621 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The study of new metallic biomaterials for application in bone tissue repair has improved due to the increase in life expectancy and the aging of the world population. Titanium alloys are one of the main groups of biomaterials for these applications, and beta-type titanium alloys are more suitable for long-term bone implants. The objective of this work was to process and characterize a new Ti10Mo8Nb6Zr beta alloy. Alloy processing involves arc melting, heat treatment, and cold forging. The characterization techniques used in this study were X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, microhardness measurements, and pulse excitation technique. In vitro studies using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell viability after 1, 4, and 7 days. The results showed that the main phase during the processing route was the beta phase. At the end of processing, the alloy showed beta phase, equiaxed grains with an average size of 228.7 µm, and low Young's modulus (83 GPa). In vitro studies revealed non-cytotoxicity and superior cell viability compared to CP Ti. The addition of zirconium led to a decrease in the beta-transus temperature and Young's modulus and improved the biocompatibility of the alloy. Therefore, the Ti10Mo8Nb6Zr alloy is a promising candidate for application in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Aquiles Carobolante
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Adelvam Pereira Júnior
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Celso Bortolini Junior
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Kerolene Barboza da Silva
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Roberta Maia Sabino
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ketul C. Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Guaratinguetá Campus, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Schwartz A, Kossenko A, Zinigrad M, Gofer Y, Borodianskiy K, Sobolev A. Hydroxyapatite Coating on Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Salt-Based Electrolyte. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15207374. [PMID: 36295438 PMCID: PMC9611249 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloys have good biocompatibility and good mechanical properties, making them particularly suitable for dental and orthopedic implants. Improving their osseointegration with human bones is one of the most essential tasks. This can be achieved by developing hydroxyapatite (HA) on the treating surface using the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) method in molten salt. In this study, a coating of titanium oxide-containing HA nanoparticles was formed on Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by PEO in molten salt. Then, samples were subjected to hydrothermal treatment (HTT) to form HA crystals sized 0.5 to 1 μm. The effect of the current and voltage frequency for the creation of the coating on the morphology, chemical, and phase composition was studied. The anti-corrosion properties of the samples were studied using the potentiodynamic polarization test (PPT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An assessment of the morphology of the sample formed at a frequency of 100 Hz shows that the structure of this coating has a uniform submicron porosity, and its surface shows high hydrophilicity and anti-corrosion properties (4.90 × 106 Ohm·cm2). In this work, for the first time, the process of formation of a bioactive coating consisting of titanium oxides and HA was studied by the PEO method in molten salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Schwartz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Alexey Kossenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Michael Zinigrad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Yosef Gofer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | | | - Alexander Sobolev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-9143085
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Shah SD, Zheng F, Seghi RR, Lee DJ. Strength of titanium-zirconium alloy implants with a conical connection after implantoplasty. J Prosthet Dent 2022:S0022-3913(22)00511-X. [PMID: 36150928 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Peri-implantitis occurs around dental implants, and implantoplasty has been used to address this ongoing disease; however, the changes to the physical properties of an implant after implantoplasty have not been well documented. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of implantoplasty on fracture strength and the load required for plastic deformation after cyclic fatigue on dental implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six titanium/zirconium (TiZr) alloy implants (Roxolid Bone Level Implant; 4.1×10 mm) were embedded with 50% thread exposure and divided into 4 groups based on whether they had implantoplasty treatment by using different diamond rotary instruments and/or cyclic loading at 250 N for 2 million cycles: C0 (control, no cyclic loading), T0 (test, no cyclic loading), CM (control, cyclic loading), and TM (test, cyclic loading). After implantoplasty and/or cyclic loading, all implants underwent a load-to-failure test. The maximum fracture strength (FS) and load required for the onset of plastic deformation (PD) were recorded in Newtons. One-way ANOVA and nonparametric comparisons with control by using the Dunn and Wilcoxon method for joint ranking were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean ±standard deviation FS for C0, CM, T0, and TM was 1465.2 ±86.4 N, 1480.7 ±64.1 N, 1299.3 ±123.8 N, and 1252.1 ±85.7 N, respectively. The mean ±standard deviation load for onset of PD for C0, CM, T0, and TM was 860.2 ±88.1 N, 797.0 ±130.5 N, 776.5 ±181.8 N, and 631.3 ±84.5 N, respectively. The TM group had a significantly lower FS and PD than the C0, CM, and T0 groups (P<.05) CONCLUSIONS: Both fracture strength (FS) and the onset of plastic deformation (PD) were significantly reduced after a TiZr alloy implant received implantoplasty and cyclic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety D Shah
- Former Resident, Advanced Prosthodontics Program, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio; Private practice, Charlotte, NC
| | - Fengyuan Zheng
- Associate Clinical Professor and Director, Advanced Education in Prosthodontics Program, Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry; Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Robert R Seghi
- Professor Emeritus, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Damian J Lee
- Associate Professor and Director, Advanced Prosthodontics Program, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio.
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12
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Pandey AK, Gautam RK, Behera CK. Microstructure, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and antibacterial behavior of Ti-5Cu- x%Nb biomedical alloy. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35679847 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium-based biomedical alloys are susceptible as they are used as a substitute for human bone. In this study, titanium alloy, Ti-5Cu-x%Nb (x= 0, 5, 10, 15) (%wt) was developed by powder metallurgy route. The effect of alloying niobium with Ti-5Cu alloy and its effect on the microstructure, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties have been evaluated. The results show that the sintered alloy has bothα-Ti and Ti2Cu phases. With increasing niobium content in the alloy,β-Ti was also detected. Additionally, it was found that the micro-hardness and compressive strength of the studied alloy was better than commercially pure titanium (cpTi), while the Young's modulus was lower than cpTi. These properties are highly favorable for using this alloy to replicate the human cortical bone. The alloy was also tested for anticorrosive property in Ringer's solution. The antibacterial activity was also examined forStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia colibacteria. The alloy showed promising anticorrosive and antibacterial ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Pandey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R K Gautam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - C K Behera
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Matos FG, Santana LCL, Cominotte MA, da Silva FS, Vaz LG, de Oliveira DP, Cirelli JA. Strontium-loaded titanium-15molybdenum surface improves physicochemical and biological properties in vitro. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35594845 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac71cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The titanium alloy composition and microdesign affect the dynamic interplay between the bone cells and titanium surface in the osseointegration process. The current study aimed to evaluate the surface physicochemical properties, electrochemical stability, and the metabolic response of the MC3T3-E1 cells (pre-osteoblast cell line) cultured onto titanium-15molybdenum (Ti-15Mo) discs treated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and/or strontium-loading by the hydrothermal method. The x-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed no trace of impurities and the possible formation of hydrated strontium oxide (H2O2Sr), respectively. The confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) analysis indicated that titanium samples treated with strontium (Sr) showed greater surface roughness. The acid/alkali treatment prior to the hydrothermal Sr deposition improved the surface free energy and resistance to corrosion of the Ti-15Mo alloy. The acid/alkali treatment also provided greater retention of the Sr particles on the Ti-15Mo surfaces accordingly with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis. The AlamarBlue and fluorescence analysis indicated noncytotoxic effects against the MC3T3-E1 cells, which allowed cells' adhesion and proliferation, with greater cells' spreading in the Sr-loaded Ti-15Mo samples. These findings suggest that Sr deposition by the hydrothermal method has the potential to enhance the physicochemical properties of the Ti-15Mo previously etched with H3PO4and NaOH, and also improve the initial events related to cell-mediated bone deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Gomes Matos
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Leal Santana
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Aline Cominotte
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Geraldo Vaz
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Pedreira de Oliveira
- Department of Materials Engineering-DEMa, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Study of Electrochemical and Biological Characteristics of As-Cast Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta System Based on Its Microstructure. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The quaternary Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta (TNZT) alloy was successfully cast-fabricated with the objective to be used in the medical field. Samples’ microstructure was compared to CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V (control samples) and related to corrosion, ion release and biological properties. As-cast TNZT was formed with large β grain sizes (285 µm) compared to the ultrafine α grain sizes of CP-Ti (11 µm) and the α + β ultrafine grain sizes of 1.45 µm and 0.74 µm. Hardness and flexural elastic moduli (94 HV and 43 GPa) came close to the biological structures, such as dentin and enamel values. The ion release mechanism of as-cast TNZT was significantly lesser than CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V, which can be related to the difference in samples’ grain sizes and chemical compositions. However, the corrosion rate was higher than for the control samples; this way offers corrosion properties inferior with respect to the properties obtained in the reference materials. Biological assays demonstrated that the two-cell (hDPSCs and MG-63) lineage studied presented good adhesion and capability to differentiate in bone cells on the as-cast TNZT surface, and no cytotoxicity effects were found. Details and reasons based on samples’ microstructure are discussed.
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Insight Into Corrosion of Dental Implants: From Biochemical Mechanisms to Designing Corrosion-Resistant Materials. CURRENT ORAL HEALTH REPORTS 2022; 9:7-21. [PMID: 35127334 PMCID: PMC8799988 DOI: 10.1007/s40496-022-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Despite advanced technologies to avoid corrosion of dental implants, the mechanisms toward the release of metals and their role in the onset of peri-implant diseases are still under-investigated. Effective knowledge on the etiopathogenesis of corrosive products and preventive strategies mitigating the risks for surface degradation are thus in dire need. This review aimed to summarize evidence toward biocorrosion in the oral environment and discuss the current strategies targeting the improvement of dental implants and focusing on the methodological and electrochemical aspects of surface treatments and titanium-based alloys. Recent Findings Recent studies suggest the existence of wear/corrosion products may correlate with peri-implantitis progress by triggering microbial dysbiosis, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and animal bone resorption. Furthermore, current clinical evidence demonstrating the presence of metal-like particles in diseased tissues supports their possible role as a risk factor for peri-implantitis. For instance, to overcome the drawback of titanium corrosion, researchers are primarily focusing on developing corrosion-resistant alloys and coatings for dental implants by changing their physicochemical features. Summary The current state-of-art discussed in this review found corrosion products effective in affecting biofilm virulence and inflammatory factors in vitro. Controversial and unstandardized data are limitations, making the premise of corrosion products being essential for peri-implantitis onset. On the other hand, when it comes to the strategies toward reducing implant corrosion rate, it is evident that the chemical and physical properties are crucial for the in vitro electrochemical behavior of the implant material. For instance, it is foreseeable that the formation of films/coatings and the incorporation of some functional compounds into the substrate may enhance the material’s corrosion resistance and biological response. Nevertheless, the utmost challenge of research in this field is to achieve adequate stimulation of the biological tissues without weakening its protective behavior against corrosion. In addition, the translatability from in vitro findings to clinical studies is still in its infancy. Therefore, further accumulation of high-level evidence on the role of corrosion products on peri-implant tissues is expected to confirm the findings of the present review besides the development of better methods to improve the corrosion resistance of dental implants. Furthermore, such knowledge could further develop safe and long-term implant rehabilitation therapy.
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Mapping Bone Marrow Cell Response from Senile Female Rats on Ca-P-Doped Titanium Coating. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031094. [PMID: 35161039 PMCID: PMC8839629 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and topographical surface modifications on dental implants aim to increase the bone surface contact area of the implant and improve osseointegration. This study analyzed the cellular response of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), derived from senile rats’ femoral bone marrow, when cultured on a bioactive coating (by plasma electrolytic oxidation, PEO, with Ca2+ and P5+ ions), a sandblasting followed by acid-etching (SLA) surface, and a machined surface (MSU). A total of 102 Ti-6Al-4V discs were divided into three groups (n = 34). The surface chemistry was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Cell viability assay, gene expression of osteoblastic markers, and mineralized matrix formation were investigated. The cell growth and viability results were higher for PEO vs. MSU surface (p = 0.001). An increase in cell proliferation from 3 to 7 days (p < 0.05) and from 7 to 10 days (p < 0.05) was noted for PEO and SLA surfaces. Gene expression for OSX, ALP, BSP, and OPN showed a statistical significance (p = 0.001) among groups. In addition, the PEO surface showed a higher mineralized matrix bone formation (p = 0.003). In conclusion, MSC from senile female rats cultured on SLA and PEO surfaces showed similar cellular responses and should be considered for future clinical investigations.
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Ali S, Irfan M, Muhammad Niazi U, Rani AMA, Shah I, Legutko S, Rahman S, Jalalah M, Alsaiari MA, Glowacz A, AlKahtani FS. Synthesis, Surface Nitriding and Characterization of Ti-Nb Modified 316L Stainless Steel Alloy Using Powder Metallurgy. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123270. [PMID: 34199244 PMCID: PMC8231788 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The powder metallurgy (PM) technique has been widely used for producing different alloy compositions by the addition of suitable reinforcements. PM is also capable of producing desireable mechanical and physical properties of the material by varying process parameters. This research investigates the addition of titanium and niobium in a 316L stainless steel matrix for potential use in the biomedical field. The increase of sintering dwell time resulted in simultaneous sintering and surface nitriding of compositions, using nitrogen as the sintering atmosphere. The developed alloy compositions were characterized using OM, FESEM, XRD and XPS techniques for quantification of the surface nitride layer and the nitrogen absorbed during sintering. The corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity assessments of the developed compositions were carried out in artificial saliva solution and human oral fibroblast cell culture, respectively. The results indicated that the nitride layer produced during sintering increased the corrosion resistance of the alloy and the developed compositions are non-cytotoxic. This newly developed alloy composition and processing technique is expected to provide a low-cost solution to implant manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaqat Ali
- School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (U.M.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (S.R.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Usama Muhammad Niazi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National Skills University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (U.M.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Ahmad Majdi Abdul Rani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;
| | - Imran Shah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, National University of Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Stanislaw Legutko
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 3 Piotrowo str., 60-965 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (U.M.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (S.R.); (F.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed Jalalah
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mabkhoot A. Alsaiari
- Empty qaurter research unit, Chemistry department, college of Science and art at Sharurah, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adam Glowacz
- Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Fahad Salem AlKahtani
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University Saudi Arabia, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (S.R.); (F.S.A.)
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Rohr N, Märtin S, Fischer J. Fracture load of zirconia implant supported CAD/CAM resin crowns and mechanical properties of restorative material and cement. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 65:502-508. [PMID: 33840705 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test if resin CAD/CAM materials should be considered for zirconia implants and how their mechanical properties affect the fracture load. METHODS Fracture load of molar crowns of CAD/CAM materials (VITA CAD-Temp [CT], Cerasmart [CS], Lava Ultimate [LU], Pekkton Ivory [PK]) on zirconia implants (ceramic.implant, 4.0 mm) fixed either with no cement, temporary cement (Harvard Implant semi-permanent [HIS]), self-adhesive (VITA Adiva S-Cem [VAS]) or either one of two adhesive cements (Multilink Automix [MLA], VITA Adiva F-Cem [VAF]) was analyzed. The restorative materials were characterized by their flexural strength, fracture toughness, elemental composition and organic/inorganic ratio while compressive strength of the cements was measured. RESULTS For the fracture load significantly highest mean values were fo und overall for PK (2921 ±300 N) > LU (2017 ±499 N) > CS (1463 ±367 N) = CT (1451 ±327 N) (p > 0.05). When analyzing the effect of the cement on the fracture load the overall ranking was VAF (2245 ±650 N) ≥ MLA (2188 ±708 N) ≥ VAS (2017 ±563 N) > HIS (1757 ±668 N) = no cement (1595 ±757 N) (p <0.05), meaning fracture load increased with the compressive strength of the cements. Additionally, a linear trend was found between the fracture load and the fracture toughness of the restorative materials. CONCLUSIONS All restorative materials exhibited fracture load values similar or higher than lithium disilicate tested previously. Fracture load of CT, CS and LU can be significantly increased when an adhesive cement with a high compressive strength is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rohr
- Biomaterials and Technology, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel
| | - Sabrina Märtin
- Biomaterials and Technology, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel
| | - Jens Fischer
- Biomaterials and Technology, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel
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Barão VAR, Ramachandran RA, Matos AO, Badhe RV, Grandini CR, Sukotjo C, Ozevin D, Mathew M. Prediction of tribocorrosion processes in titanium-based dental implants using acoustic emission technique: Initial outcome. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112000. [PMID: 33812620 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of dental implants is growing rapidly for the last few decades and Ti-based dental implants are a commonly used prosthetic structure in dentistry. Recently, the combined effect of corrosion and wear, called tribocorrosion, is considered as a major driving process in the early failure of dental implants. However, no previous study has reported the prediction of tribocorrosion processes in advance. Therefore, this study is a novel investigation on how the acoustic emission (AE) technique can predict tribocorrosion processes in commercially-pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloys. In this study, tribocorrosion tests were performed under potentiostatic conditions and AE detection system associated with it captures AE data. Current evolution and friction coefficient data obtained from the potentiostatic evaluations were compared with AE absolute energy showcased the same data interpretation of tribocorrosion characteristics. Other AE data such as duration, count, and amplitude, matched more closely with other potentiostatic corrosion evaluations and delivered more promising results in the detection of tribocorrosion. Hence, AE can be consider as a tool for predicting tribocorrosion in dental implants. Experimental results also reveal Ti5Zr as one of the most appropriate dental implant materials while exposing Ti10Zr's lower effectiveness to withstand in the simulated oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Adaías Oliveira Matos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos R Grandini
- Laboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Didem Ozevin
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mathew Mathew
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, UIC Rockford, IL, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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20
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Comparison of Biocompatible Coatings Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation on cp-Ti and Ti-Zr-Nb Superelastic Alloy. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper compares the coatings produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on commercially pure titanium and a novel superelastic alloy Ti-18Zr-15Nb (at. %) for implant applications. The PEO coatings were produced on both alloys in the identical pulsed bipolar regime. The properties of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PEO process kinetics was modeled based on the Avrami theorem and Cottrell equation using a relaxation method. The resultant coatings contain TiO2, for both alloys, and NbO2, Nb2O5, ZrO2 for Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy. The coating on the Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy has a higher thickness, porosity, and roughness compared to that on cp-Ti. The values of the kinetic coefficients of the PEO process—higher diffusion coefficient and lower time constant for the processing of Ti-18Zr-15Nb—explain this effect. According to the electrochemical studies, PEO coatings on Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy provide better corrosion protection. Higher corrosion resistance, porosity, and roughness contribute to better biocompatibility of the PEO coating on Ti-18Zr-15Nb alloy compared to cp-Ti.
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21
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Barberi J, Spriano S. Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1590. [PMID: 33805137 PMCID: PMC8037091 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys, specially Ti6Al4V, are among the most employed materials in orthopedic and dental implants. Cells response and osseointegration of implant devices are strongly dependent on the body-biomaterial interface zone. This interface is mainly defined by proteins: They adsorb immediately after implantation from blood and biological fluids, forming a layer on implant surfaces. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand which features of biomaterials surfaces influence formation of the protein layer and how to guide it. In this paper, relevant literature of the last 15 years about protein adsorption on titanium-based materials is reviewed. How the surface characteristics affect protein adsorption is investigated, aiming to provide an as comprehensive a picture as possible of adsorption mechanisms and type of chemical bonding with the surface, as well as of the characterization techniques effectively applied to model and real implant surfaces. Surface free energy, charge, microroughness, and hydroxylation degree have been found to be the main surface parameters to affect the amount of adsorbed proteins. On the other hand, the conformation of adsorbed proteins is mainly dictated by the protein structure, surface topography at the nano-scale, and exposed functional groups. Protein adsorption on titanium surfaces still needs further clarification, in particular concerning adsorption from complex protein solutions. In addition, characterization techniques to investigate and compare the different aspects of protein adsorption on different surfaces (in terms of roughness and chemistry) shall be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Barberi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
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22
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Cordeiro JM, Pires JM, Souza JGS, Lima CV, Bertolini MM, Rangel EC, Barão VAR. Optimizing citric acid protocol to control implant-related infections: An in vitro and in situ study. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:558-568. [PMID: 33538336 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to establish an optimized protocol for biofilm removal from titanium (Ti) surfaces using citric acid (CA) solutions. BACKGROUND Biofilm accumulation is the main factor to trigger peri-implant infections and to increase the risk of treatment failures. Although CA has been suggested as the anti-infective agent with highest potential for biofilm removal on Ti, there is no consensus that CA could improve the anti-infective treatment and its effect. METHODS Physical and chemical alterations, electrochemical behavior, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial effect of CA on Ti discs were evaluated using four concentrations (1, 10, 20, and 40%) and two application methods (immersion and rubbing). Negative control using 0.9% NaCl was used in all experiments. To evaluate whether different application times can have similar response, polymicrobial biofilm (microcosm model) was formed on Ti and treated with CA for 1, 2, 4, and 8 min. An in situ study was conducted to verify whether the established protocol is equally effective in biofilms formed on machined and sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) Ti surfaces. RESULTS CA 40% induced significantly higher surface alterations observed by confocal images and profilometry. In general, rubbing protocol decreased the surface roughness and increased the wettability (p < 0.05), exhibiting better surface cleaning by biofilm removal. CA 10% presented no indirect cytotoxicity and, when applied by rubbing for 8 min, presented proper in vitro antibacterial action and potential corrosion inhibition. When CA 10% was rubbed on Ti surfaces for 4 min, it displayed optimum cleaning ability as 8 min, working equally to remove in situ biofilm on machined and SLA surfaces. CONCLUSIONS The application of CA 10% by rubbing for at least 4 min demonstrated to be a promising protocol to eliminate biofilms formed in smooth and rougher surfaces, which could improve implant-related infection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo M Cordeiro
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Júlia M Pires
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - João G S Souza
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas (FCO), Montes Claros, Brazil.,Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | | | - Martinna M Bertolini
- Division of Periodontology, Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
| | - Elidiane C Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
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Dias Corpa Tardelli J, Bolfarini C, Cândido Dos Reis A. Comparative analysis of corrosion resistance between beta titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloys: A systematic review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126618. [PMID: 32663743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of the electrochemical property (corrosion resistance) of beta titanium alloys compared to Ti-6Al-4 V for implants is relevant because of the potential cytotoxic effects that the released ions could cause to long-term health. OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review was to seek information on the electrochemical properties (corrosion resistance) of beta titanium alloys compared to Ti-6Al-4 V since the awareness of the electrochemical behavior of the implant surface in the medium is essential for the best indication of the alloys or compositional changes, which may promote benefits to bone-implant interaction in all areas that this procedure is required. METHODS The PubMed, LILACS, COCHRANE Library, and Science Direct databases were electronically searched for the terms: dental implants AND beta-titanium AND Ti-6Al-4 V AND electrochemical technics. The inclusion criteria were research articles that studied beta-titanium compared to Ti-6Al-4 V using electrochemical techniques in electrolytes of chemical composition similar to body fluid, published in English, between 2000 and 2020. Articles that did not compare the corrosion resistance of these alloys in electrolytes similar to body fluids were excluded. RESULTS A total of 189 articles were restored and selected by title and/or abstract according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which resulted in 15 articles that were reduced to 8 after read in full. The studies in vitro evaluated the corrosion resistance in electrolytes Hank, Ringer, SBF, and 0.9 % NaCl, between beta titanium alloys, obtained by arc fusion or bars stock, and Ti-6Al-4 V, for dental or biomedical implants submitted to surface treatments by heat treatment, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), alkaline treatment, and thermomechanical. CONCLUSION The evaluated literature allowed to determine that 1) The oxides Nb2O 5, Ta2O 5, and ZrO2 have higher stability and protection quality than that of TiO2 modified by the oxides of Al and V; 2) A higher modulus of elasticity of the Ti-6Al-4 V alloy favors protection against corrosion by maintaining a thicker and more firmly adhered oxide layer; 3) The increase in the thickness of the Ti alloys superficial layer contributes to the improvement of the corrosion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dias Corpa Tardelli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Claudemiro Bolfarini
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
The influence of complex thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) on the mechanical properties of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O bio-alloy was investigated in this study. The proposed TMP program involves a schema featuring a series of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and solution treatment (STs). The purpose of this study was to find the proper parameter combination for the applied TMP and thus enhance the mechanical strength and diminish the Young’s modulus. The proposed chemical composition of the studied β-type Ti-alloy was conceived from already-appreciated Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys with high β-stability by replacing the expensive Ta with more accessible Fe and O. These chemical additions are expected to better enhance β-stability and thus avoid the generation of ω, α’, and α” during complex TMP, as well as allow for the processing of a single bcc β-phase with significant grain diminution, increased mechanical strength, and a low elasticity value/Young’s modulus. The proposed TMP program considers two research directions of TMP experiments. For comparisons using structural and mechanical perspectives, the two categories of the experimental samples were analyzed using SEM microscopy and a series of tensile tests. The comparison also included some already published results for similar alloys. The analysis revealed the advantages and disadvantages for all compared categories, with the conclusions highlighting that the studied alloys are suitable for expanding the database of possible β-Ti bio-alloys that could be used depending on the specific requirements of different biomedical implant applications.
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Matuła I, Dercz G, Zubko M, Maszybrocka J, Jurek-Suliga J, Golba S, Jendrzejewska I. Microstructure and Porosity Evolution of the Ti-35Zr Biomedical Alloy Produced by Elemental Powder Metallurgy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13204539. [PMID: 33066125 PMCID: PMC7601945 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the structure and porosity of binary Ti-35Zr (wt.%) alloy were investigated, allowing to consider powder metallurgy as a production method for new metallic materials for potential medical applications. The porous Ti-Zr alloys were obtained by milling, cold isostatic pressing and sintering. The pressure during cold isostatic pressing was a changing parameter and was respectively 250, 500, 750 and 1000 MPa. The X-ray diffraction study revealed only the α phase, which corresponds to the Ti-Zr phase diagram. The microstructure of the Ti-35Zr was observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. These observations revealed that the volume fraction of the pores decreased from over 20% to about 7% with increasing pressure during the cold isostatic pressing. The microhardness measurements showed changes from 137 HV0.5 to 225 HV0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Matuła
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Dercz
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
| | - Maciej Zubko
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
- Department of Physics, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500-03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna Maszybrocka
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
| | - Justyna Jurek-Suliga
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty Street 1 A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.M.); (J.J.-S.); (S.G.)
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Yu S, Guo D, Han J, Sun L, Zhu H, Yu Z, Dargusch M, Wang G. Enhancing Antibacterial Performance and Biocompatibility of Pure Titanium by a Two-Step Electrochemical Surface Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44433-44446. [PMID: 32914960 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A two-step electrochemical surface treatment has been developed to modify the CP Ti surface on commercially pure titanium grade 2 (CP Ti): (1) anodic oxidation to form TiO2 nanotube precoatings loaded with silver (Ag) and (2) microarc oxidation (MAO) to produce a porous Ca-P-Ag coating in an electrolyte containing Ag, Ca, and P. One-step MAO in the same electrolyte has also been used to produce porous Ca-P-Ag coatings without anodic oxidation and preloaded Ag as a control. Surface morphologies and alloying chemistry of the two coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, and XPS. Biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties have been evaluated by the MTT method and co-culture of Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. It is demonstrated that porous coatings with high Ag content can be achieved on the CP Ti by the two-step treatment. The optimized MAO voltage for excellent comprehensive properties of the coating is 350 V, in which a suitable chemical equilibrium between Ag, Ca, and P contents and a Ca/P ratio of 1.67 similar to HA can be obtained, and the Ag particles are in the size of less than 100 nm and embedded into the underneath of the coating surface. After being contacted with S. aureus for 1 and 7 days, the average bactericidal rates were 99.53 and 89.27% and no cytotoxicity was detected. In comparison, the one-step MAO coatings contained less Ag, had a lower Ca/P ratio, and showed lower antimicrobial ability than the two-step treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P R China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016 , P R China
| | - Dagang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P R China
| | - Jianye Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016 , P R China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P R China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P R China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016 , P R China
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gui Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Jiang J, Zhou C, Zhao Y, He F, Wang X. Development and properties of dental Ti-Zr binary alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104048. [PMID: 32920276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two medium Zr-containing Ti-based alloys with commercially pure titanium as control were systematically investigated to assess their potential biomedical application. After samples subjected to TMP and CR, it was found that the Zr addition significantly affected the microstructure, phase constitutions, mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. The microstructural results showed that increasing Zr concentrations resulted in more refined grains. Furthermore, Zr changed the phase constitution: CR Ti-20Zr was formed by the single α-phase while CR Ti-30Zr alloy was formed by the coexistence of α and deformation-induced FCC phases. The P-type FCC phase was dominant and more prone to occur than the B-type one. The mechanical tests demonstrated that the increasing Zr content led to a simultaneous increase in micro-hardness, strength and plasticity of CR samples due to the combined effects of solution strengthening, work hardening and the FCC phase. The SEM fractography indicated that the brittle fracture of CR Ti-20Zr due to deformation twins and ductile fracture of CR Ti-30Zr because of FCC phase. Furthermore, Ti-Zr alloys presented comparable cytocompatibility to the CP-Ti control based on cell viability, proliferation and intracellular O2- content of MSCs. Specifically, alkaline phosphatase activity in BMSCs were significantly higher for grain refined CR Ti-30Zr. Considering all these results, CR Ti-30Zr alloy exhibited the optimal comprehensive performance to be potential dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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Innovative Nanoporous Titania Surface with Stabilized Antimicrobial Ag-Nanoparticles via Salvadora persica L. Roots (Miswak) Extract for Dental Applications. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00765-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Influence of Two-Stage Anodization on Properties of the Oxide Coatings on the Ti–13Nb–13Zr Alloy. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for titanium and its alloys used for implants results in the need for innovative surface treatments that may both increase corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and demonstrate antibacterial protection at no cytotoxicity. The purpose of this research was to characterize the effect of two-stage anodization—performed for 30 min in phosphoric acid—in the presence of hydrofluoric acid in the second stage. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, nanoindentation and nano-scratch tests, potentiodynamic corrosion studies, and water contact angle measurements were performed to characterize microstructure, mechanical, chemical and physical properties. The biologic examinations were carried out to determine the cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects of oxide coatings. The research results demonstrate that two-stage oxidation affects several features and, in particular, improves mechanical and chemical behavior. The processes influencing the formation and properties of the oxide coating are discussed.
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Kim JH, Kim MY, Knowles JC, Choi S, Kang H, Park SH, Park SM, Kim HW, Park JT, Lee JH, Lee HH. Mechanophysical and biological properties of a 3D-printed titanium alloy for dental applications. Dent Mater 2020; 36:945-958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Huang CH, Yoshimura M. Direct ceramic coating of calcium phosphate doped with strontium via reactive growing integration layer method on α-Ti alloy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10602. [PMID: 32606394 PMCID: PMC7327056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A strontium (Sr)-doped hydroxyapatite-like coating was deposited on α-Ti alloy via the growing integration layer (GIL) method at various applied voltages. We added 0.03 M strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2·8H2O) to a solution containing calcium acetate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate to produce Sr-doped hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA) coatings. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of these coatings showed that all various features, such as average pore size, coating thickness, micro-hardness, and roughness, were similar to those of HA. As the voltage increased from 250 to 300 V, the amount of micro cracks decreased, and there were eliminated at 350 V. The SEM images also showed that the Sr-HA coatings were closely integrated with the alloy: without any gaps between the oxide layers and the alloy. In addition, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verified the Sr integration from the bottom up. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed Sr-HA formation instead of calcium phosphate, even at the lowest voltage of 250 V. The value of Ecorr increased by 6.6% after raising the voltage from 250 to 350 V. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the adequate corrosion resistance of Sr-HA coatings, especially at the highest voltage of 350 V. In addition, the GIL treatment increased the layer resistance measured by Rp/Rc. Optimally, the GIL method used the highest voltage of 350 V to produce higher quality of Sr-HA-rich coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahiro Yoshimura
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Synthesis of bioactive glass-based coating by plasma electrolytic oxidation: Untangling a new deposition pathway toward titanium implant surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 579:680-698. [PMID: 32652323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Although bioactive glass (BG) particle coatings were previously developed by different methods, poor particle adhesion to surfaces and reduced biological effects because of glass crystallization have limited their biomedical applications. To overcome this problem, we have untangled, for the first time, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as a new pathway for the synthesis of bioactive glass-based coating (PEO-BG) on titanium (Ti) materials. EXPERIMENTS Electrolyte solution with bioactive elements (Na2SiO3-5H2O, C4H6O4Ca, NaNO3, and C3H7Na2O6P) was used as a precursor source to obtain a 45S5 bioglass-like composition on a Ti surface by PEO. Subsequently, the PEO-BG coating was investigated with respect to its surface, mechanical, tribological, electrochemical, microbiological, and biological properties, compared with those of machined and sandblasted/acid-etched control surfaces. FINDINGS PEO treatment produced a coating with complex surface topography, Ti crystalline phases, superhydrophilic status, chemical composition, and oxide layer similar to that of 45S5-BG (~45.0Si, 24.5 Ca, 24.5Na, 6.0P w/v%). PEO-BG enhanced Ti mechanical and tribological properties with higher corrosion resistance. Furthermore, PEO-BG had a positive influence in polymicrobial biofilms, by reducing pathogenic bacterial associated with biofilm-related infections. PEO-BG also showed higher adsorption of blood plasma proteins without cytotoxic effects on human cells, and thus may be considered a promising biocompatible approach for biomedical implants.
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Polo TOB, Silva WPP, Momesso GAC, Lima-Neto TJ, Barbosa S, Cordeiro JM, Hassumi JS, da Cruz NC, Okamoto R, Barão VAR, Faverani LP. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation as a Feasible Surface Treatment for Biomedical Applications: an in vivo study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10000. [PMID: 32561767 PMCID: PMC7305204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this in vivo animal study, we evaluated the effect of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating on the topographic and biological parameters of implants installed in rats with induced osteoporosis and low-quality bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total 44 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus), 6 months old, were submitted to ovariectomy (OXV group) and dummy surgery (SHAM group). After 90 days, the ELISA test was performed and the ovariectomy effectiveness was confirmed. In each tibial metaphysis, an implant with PEO coating containing Ca2+ and P5+ molecules were installed, and the other tibia received an implant with SLA acid etching and blasting (AC) (control surface). After 42 days, 16 rats from each group were euthanized, their tibias were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis (OPG, RANKL, OC and TRAP), as well as reverse torque biomechanics. Data were submitted to One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by a Tukey post-test; P < 0.05. Histological analyses showed higher bone neoformation values among the members of the PEO group, SHAM and OVX groups. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated equilibrium in all groups when comparing surfaces for TRAP, OC and RANKL (P > 0.05), whereas OPG showed higher PEO labeling in the OVX group (P < 0.05). Biomechanical analysis showed higher reverse torque values (N.cm) for PEO, irrespective of whether they were OVX or SHAM groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicated that the PEO texturing method favored bone formation and showed higher bone maturation levels during later periods in osteoporotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tárik Ocon Braga Polo
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp. School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, ZIP code:, CEP16015-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Phillip Pereira Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp. School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, ZIP code:, CEP16015-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Antonio Correa Momesso
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp. School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, ZIP code:, CEP16015-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiburtino José Lima-Neto
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp. School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, ZIP code:, CEP16015-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stéfany Barbosa
- Undergradutate student, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp. School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, ZIP code:, CEP16015-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Matozinho Cordeiro
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP13414-903, Brazil.,Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Suemi Hassumi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp. School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, ZIP code:, CEP16015-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilson Cristino da Cruz
- Technological Plasma Laboratory (LaPTec), Experimental Campus of Sorocaba, Sao Paulo State University-Unesp, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp. School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, ZIP code:, CEP16015-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Av Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP13414-903, Brazil.,Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Faverani
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University - Unesp. School of Dentistry, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193, Araçatuba, ZIP code:, CEP16015-050, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Çallıoğlu Ş, Acar P. Design of β-Titanium microstructures for implant materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110715. [PMID: 32204027 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present work addresses the design of β-Titanium alloy, TNTZ, microstructure to be used in biomedical applications as implant materials. The TNTZ alloy has recently started to attract interest in the area of biomedical engineering as it can provide elastic modulus values that are comparable to the modulus of the human bone. Such a match between the implant and bone significantly increases the compatibility and functionality of the implant material with the human body. Experimental studies reveal that the modulus of TNTZ varies around 55-60 GPa, whereas the bones typically have modulus around 25-30 GPa. Therefore, to achieve a better match in modulus values and further improve the compatibility of the implant, we present a computational design study. As the properties of materials are significantly affected by the underlying microstructure, we focus on identifying the optimum microstructures. Our goal is to minimize the difference between the elastic modulus values of the microstructure and the bone. To ensure the manufacturability of such an optimum design solution, we analyze the microstructural evolution during deformation processing to obtain the optimum microstructure that can be processed. The outcomes of our analysis demonstrated that the elastic modulus of TNTZ can be as low as 48 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pınar Acar
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Sintering and biocompatibility of blended elemental Ti-xNb alloys. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fretting and Fretting Corrosion Processes of Ti6Al4V Implant Alloy in Simulated Oral Cavity Environment. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071561. [PMID: 32231014 PMCID: PMC7177599 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of in vitro studies of fretting and fretting corrosion processes of Ti6Al4V implant alloy in the environment of natural saliva and self-made mucin-based artificial saliva solutions. The study was performed on a specially designed fretting pin-on-disc tester, which was combined with a set used for electrochemical research. The open circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic method were used for corrosion tests. The worn surfaces were subjected to microscopic observations and an evaluation of wear. Results were interpreted using the dissipated energy and third-body approaches. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that titanium oxides constitute over 80% of the friction products. Special attention was paid to the role of saliva and its substitutes, which in certain cases can lead to the intensification of fretting wear. On the basis of the received results, a new phenomenological model of fretting corrosion processes was proposed. This model involves the formation of an abrasive paste that is a combination of metal oxides and the organic components of saliva.
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Optimization of Sintering Parameters of 316L Stainless Steel for In-Situ Nitrogen Absorption and Surface Nitriding Using Response Surface Methodology. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the simultaneous sintering and surface nitriding of 316L stainless steel alloy using powder metallurgy method. The influence of sintering temperature and dwell time are investigated for maximum nitrogen absorption, densification and increased microhardness using response surface methodology (RSM). In this study, 316L stainless steel powder was compacted at 800 MPa and sintered at two different temperatures of 1150 and 1200 °C with varying dwell times of 1, 3, 5 and 8 h in nitrogen atmosphere. The sintered compacts were then characterized for their microstructure, densification, microhardness and nitrogen absorption. The results revealed that increased dwell time assisted nitrogen to diffuse into stainless steel matrix along with the creation of nitride layer onto the sample surface. The microhardness and density also increased with increasing dwell time. A densification of 7.575 g/cm3 and microhardness of 235 HV were obtained for the samples sintered at 1200 °C temperature with 8 h dwell time. The simultaneous sintering and surface nitriding technique developed in this research work can help in improving corrosion resistance of this material and controlling leaching of metal ions for its potential use in biomedical applications.
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Tretto PHW, Dos Santos MBF, Spazzin AO, Pereira GKR, Bacchi A. Assessment of stress/strain in dental implants and abutments of alternative materials compared to conventional titanium alloy-3D non-linear finite element analysis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 23:372-383. [PMID: 32116034 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1731481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the stress/strain in dental implant/abutments with alternative materials, in implants with different microgeometry, through finite element analysis (FEA). Three-dimensional models were created to simulate the clinical situation of replacement of a maxillary central incisor with implants, in a type III bone, with a provisional single crown, loaded with 100 N in a perpendicular direction. The FEA parameters studied were: implant materials-titanium, porous titanium, titanium-zirconia, zirconia, reinforced fiberglass composite (RFC), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK); and abutment materials-titanium, zirconia, RFC, and PEEK; implant macrogeometry-tapered of trapezoidal threads (TTT) and cylindrical of triangular threads (CTT) (ø4.3 mm × 11 mm). Microstrain, von Mises, shear, and maximum and minimum principal stresses in the structures and in peri-implant bone were compared. There was increased stress and strain in peri-implant bone tissue caused by implants of materials with lower elastic modulus (mainly for PEEK and RFC). They also presented higher concentration of stresses in the implant itself (especially RFC). Zirconia implants led to lower stress and strains in peri-implant bone tissue. Less rigid abutments (RFC and PEEK) associated with titanium implants led to higher stress in the implant and in peri-implant bone tissue. The TTT macrogeometry showed a higher stress concentration in the implant and peri-implant bone tissue. The stress/strain in peri-implant bone tissue and implant structures were affected by the material used, where reduced values were caused by stiffer materials. Lower stress/strain values were obtained with cylindrical implants of triangular treads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aloisio Oro Spazzin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Meridional Faculty-IMED, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Graduate Program in Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Atais Bacchi
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Meridional Faculty-IMED, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
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Chernozem RV, Surmeneva MA, Ignatov VP, Peltek OO, Goncharenko AA, Muslimov AR, Timin AS, Tyurin AI, Ivanov YF, Grandini CR, Surmenev RA. Comprehensive Characterization of Titania Nanotubes Fabricated on Ti–Nb Alloys: Surface Topography, Structure, Physicomechanical Behavior, and a Cell Culture Assay. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1487-1499. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman V. Chernozem
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maria A. Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Viktor P. Ignatov
- The Kizhner Research Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleksii O. Peltek
- RASA Center, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Goncharenko
- RASA Center, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R. Muslimov
- RASA Center, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
- First I. P. Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy str., 6/8, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Timin
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- First I. P. Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy str., 6/8, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Tyurin
- Research Institute for Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, 392000 Tambov, Russia
| | - Yurii F. Ivanov
- Institute of High Current Electronics (IHCE), 2/3 Akademichesky Avenue, Tomsk 634055, Russia
| | - Carlos R. Grandini
- Departamento de Fesica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, campus de Bauru, 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roman A. Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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41
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Haftlang F, Zarei-Hanzaki A, Abedi HR. The effect of nano-size second precipitates on the structure, apatite-inducing ability and in-vitro biocompatibility of Ti-29Nb-14Ta-4.5Zr alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 109:110561. [PMID: 32228908 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The apatite formation and in-vitro biocompatibility of Ti-29Nb-14Ta-4.5Zr (TNTZ) alloy reinforced by various nano-sized phases of α″, α, and ω in the β matrix have been studied. The electrochemical performances of the elaborated microstructures have been assessed through potentiodynamic polarization in the simulated body fluid (SBF) and interestingly, the β + ω specimen exhibited an extraordinary corrosion resistance compared to the others. This was attributed to the uniform distribution, spherical morphology and coherent interface of the ω nano-precipitates. The polarization tests in simulated body fluid showed the high tendency of apatite formation on the surface of the β- matrix contained ω precipitates. The in-vitro cytotoxicity analysis employing MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay showed >85% cell viability of the TNTZ alloy reinforced by nano-ω precipitations. Since this specimen showed the highest cell adhesion as well, it introduces this structure as a promising high potential candidate for biomedical applications due to its high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, ultra-low cytotoxicity, and good cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Haftlang
- Hot Deformation & Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Zarei-Hanzaki
- Hot Deformation & Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Abedi
- Hot Deformation & Thermomechanical Processing Laboratory of High Performance Engineering Materials, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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42
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Zhang Y, Sun D, Cheng J, Tsoi JKH, Chen J. Mechanical and biological properties of Ti-(0-25 wt%)Nb alloys for biomedical implants application. Regen Biomater 2019; 7:119-127. [PMID: 32153995 PMCID: PMC7053259 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Binary titanium–niobium (Ti–Nb) alloys have recently been attracted due to low Young’s moduli and non-toxic properties. This study explores the influence of low Nb content (0–25 wt%) on the comprehensive parameters of tensile stress–strain relationships (ultimate strength (σUTS), yield strength (σ0.2) and elastic modulus (E)), surfaces properties (Vickers microhardness, surface roughness (Ra), water contact angle (WCA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), corrosion resistance (in artificial saliva and lactic acid) and biological properties (cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts) of Ti–xNb alloys (x = 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%), with using commercially pure grade 2 titanium (cp-Ti) as control. XRD results shown that all the Ti–xNb alloys comprised α + β Ti alloy phases, such that the β phase increased correspondingly with the increased amount of Nb in the alloy, as well as the reduction of E (69–87 GPa). Except Ti–5Nb, all other Ti–xNb alloys showed a significantly higher hardness, increased σUTS and σ0.2, and decreased WCA compared with cp-Ti. No corrosion was detected on Ti–xNb alloys and cp-Ti in artificial saliva and lactic acid solutions. The cytotoxicity of Ti–xNb alloys was comparable to that of cp-Ti in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts without interference from differentiation behaviour, but the proliferation rate of the Ti–5Nb alloy was lower than other groups. In overall, binary Ti–(10–25 wt%)Nb alloys are promising candidate for orthopaedic and dental implants due to their improved mechanical properties and comparable biological performance, while Ti–5Nb should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.,Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.,Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danni Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.,Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research, Xi'an 710016, Shaanxi, China
| | - James Kit Hon Tsoi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China.,Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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43
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Leśniak K, Płonka J, Śmiga-Matuszowicz M, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Kazek-Kęsik A. Functionalization of PEO layer formed on Ti-15Mo for biomedical application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1568-1579. [PMID: 31643133 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, deposition of poly(sebacic anhydride) PSBA loaded by amoxicillin, cefazolin, or vancomycin on a previously anodized Ti-15Mo surface is presented. PSBA loaded by the drug was deposited so as not to lose the functionality of the porous oxide layer microstructure. The morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, surface roughness, and wettability. The drug concentration was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. It was determined that the drugs were loaded into coatings in the range of 35.2-122.87 μg/cm2 of Ti sample. The drugs released more than 16% after 0.5 hr of the hybrid coating immersion in artificial saliva. After 3 days, the PSBA coatings were degraded by 51.3 mol %, and after 7 days by 77.8 mol %, which makes it possible to load the material by different, biologically active substances. An antimicrobial investigation of Staphylococcus aureus (DSM 24167) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 700296) confirmed the activity of the hybrid layers against the pathogens. Hybrid layer with vancomycin best inhibits the adhesion of the bacteria, whereas coatings with amoxicillin and cefazolin showed a much better bactericidal activity. In this article, the difference in the obtained results is discussed, as well as the possibility of the application of this functional material in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Leśniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Płonka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Śmiga-Matuszowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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44
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Self-organized TiO2 nanotube layer on Ti–Nb–Zr alloys: growth, characterization, and effect on corrosion behavior. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-019-01345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Kaur M, Singh K. Review on titanium and titanium based alloys as biomaterials for orthopaedic applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:844-862. [PMID: 31147056 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variety of implant materials have been employed in various disciplines of medical science depending on the requirement of a particular application. Metals, alloys, ceramics, and polymers are the commonly used biomaterials. The main focus of this study is to review the various structural and microstructural properties of titanium and titanium based alloys used as orthopaedic implants. Orthopaedic implants need to possess certain important qualities to ensure their safe and effective use. These properties like the biocompatibility, relevant mechanical properties, high corrosion and wear resistance and osseointegration are summarized in this review. Various attempts to improve upon these properties like different processing routes, surface modifications have also been inculcated in the paper to provide an insight into the extent of research and effort that has been put into developing a highly superior titanium orthopaedic implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Kaur
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India
| | - K Singh
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India.
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46
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The Influence of Nitrogen Absorption on Microstructure, Properties and Cytotoxicity Assessment of 316L Stainless Steel Alloy Reinforced with Boron and Niobium. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, 316L stainless steel (SS) has been the material of choice for implant manufacturing. However, the leaching of nickel ions from the SS matrix limits its usefulness as an implant material. In this study, an efficient approach for controlling the leaching of ions and improving its properties is presented. The composition of SS was modified with the addition of boron and niobium, which was followed by sintering in nitrogen atmosphere for 8 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the formation of strong nitrides, indicating the diffusion of nitrogen into the SS matrix. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that a nitride layer was deposited on the sample surface, thereby helping to control the leaching of metal ions. The corrosion resistance of the alloy systems in artificial saliva solution indicated minimal weight loss, indicating improved corrosion resistance. The cytotoxicity assessment of the alloy system showed that the developed modified stainless steel alloys are compatible with living cells and can be used as implant materials.
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47
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An Efficient Approach for Nitrogen Diffusion and Surface Nitriding of Boron-Titanium Modified Stainless Steel Alloy for Biomedical Applications. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Austenitic 316L stainless steel has been the most widely acceptable biomaterial for producing implants. The downside of this material includes the leaching of nickel ions from the matrix that limits its’ usage in implant manufacturing. In this research, production of stainless steel alloy modified with boron and titanium is investigated. The sintering of the alloy systems is carried out in nitrogen atmosphere for a dwell time of 8 h. The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that dwell time and alloy composition leads to the formation of strong nitrides and borides. The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results show the presence of nitrogen on to the surface of sintered specimens. The nitride layer on the surface of the specimens is helpful in the retention of nickel ions in the stainless steel matrix, as indicated in the weight loss measurements. The cytotoxicity assessment indicates that the developed alloys are biocompatible and can be used as implant materials.
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48
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Rohr N, Balmer M, Müller JA, Märtin S, Fischer J. Chewing simulation of zirconia implant supported restorations. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 63:361-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Nagay BE, Dini C, Cordeiro JM, Ricomini-Filho AP, de Avila ED, Rangel EC, da Cruz NC, Barão VAR. Visible-Light-Induced Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activity of TiO 2 Codoped with Nitrogen and Bismuth: New Perspectives to Control Implant-Biofilm-Related Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18186-18202. [PMID: 31038914 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated diseases are one of the main causes of implant failure. Currently, the development of implant surface treatment goes beyond the osseointegration process and focuses on the creation of surfaces with antimicrobial action and with the possibility to be re-activated (i.e., light source activation). Titanium dioxide (TiO2), an excellent photocatalyst used for photocatalytic antibacterial applications, could be a great alternative, but its efficiency is limited to the ultraviolet (UV) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since UV radiation has carcinogenic potential, we created a functional TiO2 coating codoped with nitrogen and bismuth via the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of titanium to achieve an antibacterial effect under visible light with re-activation potential. A complex surface topography was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, PEO-treated surfaces showed greater hydrophilicity and albumin adsorption compared to control, untreated titanium. Bismuth incorporation shifted the band gap of TiO2 to the visible region and facilitated higher degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the dark, with a greater reduction in the concentration of MO after visible-light irradiation even after 72 h of aging. These results were consistent with the in vitro antibacterial effect, where samples with nitrogen and bismuth in their composition showed the greatest bacterial reduction after 24 h of dual-species biofilm formation ( Streptococcus sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii) in darkness with a superior effect at 30 min of visible-light irradiation. In addition, such a coating presents reusable photocatalytic potential and good biocompatibility by presenting a noncytotoxicity effect on human gingival fibroblast cells. Therefore, nitrogen and bismuth incorporation into TiO2 via PEO can be considered a promising alternative for dental implant application with antibacterial properties in darkness, with a stronger effect after visible-light application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erica D de Avila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry at Araraquara , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , R. Humaitá, 1680 , Araraquara , São Paulo 14801-903 , Brazil
| | - Elidiane C Rangel
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Av. Três de Março, 511 , Sorocaba , São Paulo 18087-180 , Brazil
| | - Nilson C da Cruz
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Institute of Science and Technology , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Av. Três de Março, 511 , Sorocaba , São Paulo 18087-180 , Brazil
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50
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Pantaroto HN, Amorim KP, Matozinho Cordeiro J, Souza JGS, Ricomini-Filho AP, Rangel EC, Ribeiro ALR, Vaz LG, Barão VAR. Proteome analysis of the salivary pellicle formed on titanium alloys containing niobium and zirconium. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:173-186. [PMID: 30935231 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1580360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of biomaterials can drive their biological responses; therefore, this in vitro study aimed to evaluate the proteomic profile of the salivary pellicle formed on titanium (Ti) alloys containing niobium (Nb) and zirconium (Zr). The experimental groups consisted of Ti35NbxZr (x = 5 and 10 wt%) alloys, and commercially pure titanium (cpTi); titanium aluminium vanadium (Ti6Al4V) alloys were used as controls. The physical and chemical characteristics of the Ti materials were analysed. The proteomic profile was evaluated by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Bacterial adhesion (2 h) of mixed species (Streptococcus sanguinis and Actinomyces naeslundii) was investigated as colony-forming units (n = 6). This paper reports the finding that salivary pellicle composition can be modulated by the composition of the Ti material. The Ti35NbxZr group showed a significant ability to adsorb proteins from saliva, which can favour interactions with cells and compatibility with the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Navarro Pantaroto
- a Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Karina Pintaudi Amorim
- a Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jairo Matozinho Cordeiro
- a Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - João Gabriel S Souza
- a Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Antônio Pedro Ricomini-Filho
- b Department of Physiological Science , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Elidiane C Rangel
- c Laboratory of Technological Plasmas, Engineering College , University Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Sorocaba , São Paulo , Brazil
- d Faculdade de Ciências do Tocantins (FACIT) , Araguaína , Tocantins , Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia R Ribeiro
- e Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Econômicas e da Saúde de Araguaína/Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos (FAHESA/ITPAC) , Araguaína , Tocantins , Brazil
| | - Luís Geraldo Vaz
- f Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , University Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara Dental School , Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- a Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology , Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Piracicaba , São Paulo , Brazil
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