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Saramet V, Stan MS, Ripszky Totan A, Țâncu AMC, Voicu-Balasea B, Enasescu DS, Rus-Hrincu F, Imre M. Analysis of Gingival Fibroblasts Behaviour in the Presence of 3D-Printed versus Milled Methacrylate-Based Dental Resins-Do We Have a Winner? J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:147. [PMID: 38921521 PMCID: PMC11204847 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques are based on either subtractive (milling prefabricated blocks) or additive (3D printing) methods, and both are used for obtaining dentistry materials. Our in vitro study aimed to investigate the behavior of human gingival fibroblasts exposed to methacrylate (MA)-based CAD/CAM milled samples in comparison with that of MA-based 3D-printed samples to better elucidate the mechanisms of cell adaptability and survival. The proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts was measured after 2 and 24 h of incubation in the presence of these samples using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the membrane integrity was assessed through the lactate dehydrogenase release. The level of reactive oxygen species, expression of autophagy-related protein LC3B-I, and detection of GSH and caspase 3/7 were evaluated by fluorescence staining. The MMP-2 levels were measured using a Milliplex MAP kit. The incubation with MA-based 3D-printed samples significantly reduced the viability, by 16% and 28% from control after 2 and 24 h, respectively. There was a 25% and 55% decrease in the GSH level from control after 24 h of incubation with the CAD/CAM milled and 3D-printed samples, respectively. In addition, higher levels of LC3B-I and MMP-2 were obtained after 24 h of incubation with the MA-based 3D samples compared to the CAD/CAM milled ones. Therefore, our results outline that the MA-CAD/CAM milled samples displayed good biocompatibility during 24-h exposure, while MA-3D resins are proper for short-term utilization (less than 24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veaceslav Saramet
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91–95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.R.T.); (D.S.E.); (F.R.-H.)
- The Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Research and Development, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17–23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.S.); (M.I.)
| | - Bianca Voicu-Balasea
- The Interdisciplinary Center for Dental Research and Development, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17–23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dan Sebastian Enasescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.R.T.); (D.S.E.); (F.R.-H.)
| | - Florentina Rus-Hrincu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.R.T.); (D.S.E.); (F.R.-H.)
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (V.S.); (M.I.)
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Matsuura T, Stavrou S, Komatsu K, Cheng J, Pham A, Ferreira S, Baba T, Chang TL, Chao D, Ogawa T. Disparity in the Influence of Implant Provisional Materials on Human Gingival Fibroblasts with Different Phases of Cell Settlement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:123. [PMID: 38203293 PMCID: PMC10779283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of healthy peri-implant soft tissues is critical to achieving the esthetic and biological success of implant restorations throughout all stages of healing and tissue maturation, starting with provisionalization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight different implant provisional materials on human gingival fibroblasts at various stages of cell settlement by examining initial cell attachment, growth, and function. Eight different specimens-bis-acrylic 1 and 2, flowable and bulk-fill composites, self-curing acrylic 1 and 2, milled acrylic, and titanium (Ti) alloy as a control-were fabricated in rectangular plates (n = 3). The condition of human gingival fibroblasts was divided into two groups: those in direct contact with test materials (contact experiment) and those in close proximity to test materials (proximity experiment). The proximity experiment was further divided into three phases: pre-settlement, early settlement, and late settlement. A cell culture insert containing each test plate was placed into a well where the cells were pre-cultured. The number of attached cells, cell proliferation, resistance to detachment, and collagen production were evaluated. In the contact experiment, bis-acrylics and composites showed detrimental effects on cells. The number of cells attached to milled acrylic and self-curing acrylic was relatively high, being approximately 70% and 20-30%, respectively, of that on Ti alloy. There was a significant difference between self-curing acrylic 1 and 2, even with the same curing modality. The cell retention ability also varied considerably among the materials. Although the detrimental effects were mitigated in the proximity experiment compared to the contact experiment, adverse effects on cell growth and collagen production remained significant during all phases of cell settlement for bis-acrylics and flowable composite. Specifically, the early settlement phase was not sufficient to significantly mitigate the material cytotoxicity. The flowable composite was consistently more cytotoxic than the bulk-fill composite. The harmful effects of the provisional materials on gingival fibroblasts vary considerably depending on the curing modality and compositions. Pre-settlement of cells mitigated the harmful effects, implying the susceptibility to material toxicity varies depending on the progress of wound healing and tissue condition. However, cell pre-settlement was not sufficient to fully restore the fibroblastic function to the normal level. Particularly, the adverse effects of bis-acrylics and flowable composite remained significant. Milled and self-curing acrylic exhibited excellent and acceptable biocompatibility, respectively, compared to other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsuura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Stella Stavrou
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - James Cheng
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Alisa Pham
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | | | - Tomomi Baba
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Ting-Ling Chang
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Denny Chao
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Regenerative and Reconstructive Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.S.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (T.B.); (T.-L.C.); (D.C.); (T.O.)
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Papathanasiou I, Kamposiora P, Dimitriadis K, Papavasiliou G, Zinelis S. In vitro evaluation of CAD/CAM composite materials. J Dent 2023; 136:104623. [PMID: 37459951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microstructural, elemental and mechanical properties of contemporary computer-aided-design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin based composite (RBC) materials. METHODS Six CAD/CAM RBC materials [Brilliant CRIOS (Coltene Whaledent AG), Cerasmart (GC), Lava Ultimate (3M ESPE), Tetric CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent), Shofu Block HC (Shofu), Grandio Blocs (VOCO GmbH)] were tested. Ten rectangular blocks (14 Χ 12 Χ 18 mm) for each material, after metallographic grinding and polishing, were subjected to Instrumented Indentation Testing (ΙIT). Martens Hardness (HM), Indentation Elastic Modulus (EIT), Elastic (ηIT) and Creep indices (CIT) were determined according to formulas provided by ISO 14577. The diagonal length of each indentation was measured and HV was determined. The results of HM, EIT, ηΙΤ, HV, and CIT were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test employing the material as a discriminating variable (a = 0.05), while the possible correlations were determined by Spearman's correlation test. One specimen from each group was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). RESULTS Backscattered Electron images and EDX analysis demonstrated differences in size, shape and type of fillers along with elemental composition among materials tested. Statistical significant differences were identified for all mechanical properties tested. Grandio Blocs had the significantly higher HM (953±7 N/mm2), HV (136±1) and EIT (23±1 GPa) followed by Lava Ultimate (ΗM=674±25 N/mm2, HV=105±2, EIT=15±1 GPa). Elastic index ranged from 41% to 52%, with Shofu Block demonstrating the significantly highest ηIT (52 ± 1%) values. Cerasmart had significantly higher CIT value (8.4 ± 0.1%) than all other materials tested, while Grandio Blocs and Lava Ultimate had the lowest ones. Spearman's correlation revealed that all mechanical properties tested exhibited correlations with each other, apart from ηΙΤ. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the CAD/CAM materials tested have differences in their microstructure, elemental composition and mechanical properties. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The RBCs tested showed significant differences in mechanical properties and thus differences in clinical performance are anticipated. RBCs with increased filler loading had the most favorable combination of hardness, elastic modulus and creep index indicating that these materials may have better clinical performance under intraoral loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papathanasiou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Phophi Kamposiora
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dimitriadis
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papavasiliou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Ilie N. Shade, Aging and Spatial-Dependent Variation of Elastoplastic and Viscoelastic Characteristics in a Dental, Submicron Hybrid CAD/CAM Composite. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5654. [PMID: 37629945 PMCID: PMC10456770 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the elastoplastic and viscoelastic response of an industrially cured CAD/CAM resin-based composite (Brilliant Crios, Coltene) at different scales, spatial locations, aging conditions, and shading. Mechanical tests were performed at the macroscopic scale to investigate material strength, elastic modulus, fracture mechanisms and reliability. An instrumented indentation test (IIT) was performed at the microscopic level in a quasi-static mode to assess the elastic and plastic deformation upon indentation, either by mapping transverse areas of the CAD/CAM block or at randomly selected locations. A dynamic-mechanical analysis was then carried out, in which chewing-relevant frequencies were included (0.5 to 5 Hz). Characteristics measured at the nano- and micro-scale were more discriminative in identifying the impact of variables as those measured at macro scale. Anisotropy as a function of the spatial location was identified in all shades, with gradual variation in properties from the center of the block to peripheral locations. Depending on the scale of observation, differences in shade and translucency are very small or not statistically significant. The aging effect is classified as low, but measurable on all scales, with the same pattern of variation occurring in all shades. Aging affects plastic deformation more than elastic deformation and affects elastic deformation more than viscous deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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Berghaus E, Klocke T, Maletz R, Petersen S. Degree of conversion and residual monomer elution of 3D-printed, milled and self-cured resin-based composite materials for temporary dental crowns and bridges. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:23. [PMID: 37173418 PMCID: PMC10182118 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the elution of residual monomers as a function of the manufacturing process, which are CAD/CAM manufacturing, self-curing and 3D printing. The experimental materials used consisted of the base monomers TEGDMA, Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA and 50 wt.% fillers. Additionally, a 3D printing resin without fillers was tested. The elution of the base monomers into the different media (water, ethanol and ethanol/water (75/25 vol. %)) at 37 °C over a period of up to 120 d as well as the degree of conversion (DC) by FTIR were investigated. No monomer elution could be detected in water. Most residual monomers in both other media were released from the self-curing material whereas the 3D printing composite released relatively little. The CAD/CAM blanks released hardly any quantitatively detectable amounts of monomers. Relative to the base composition, TEGDMA eluted less than Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA. DC did not correlate with residual monomer release; thus, leaching was determined not only by the amount of residual monomers present but by further factors as possibly network density and structure. The CAD/CAM blanks and the 3D printing composite showed similar high DC but lower residual monomer release from the CAD/CAM blank, likewise the self-curing composite and the 3D printing resin exhibited similar DC but different monomer elution. In terms of residual monomer elution and DC, the 3D printing composite seems promising as a new material class for the use as temporary dental crowns and bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Berghaus
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Surface Modification, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Thorsten Klocke
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Surface Modification, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Reinhard Maletz
- Department of Material Science and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Svea Petersen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Surface Modification, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
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Silva EA, Simionato AA, Faria ACL, Bonfante EA, Rodrigues RCS, Ribeiro RF. Mechanical Properties, Wear Resistance, and Reliability of Two CAD-CAM Resin Matrix Ceramics. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010128. [PMID: 36676752 PMCID: PMC9863314 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There are limited data regarding the behavior of resin matrix ceramics for current CAD-CAM materials. Further studies may be beneficial and can help clinicians planning to use these materials during prosthodontic rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the flexural strength and strain distributions, filler content, wear, and reliability of two resin matrix ceramic CAD-CAM materials. Materials and Methods: Two resin matrix ceramics, Ambarino High-Class (AH) and Vita Enamic (VE), were tested for flexural strength (n = 24), wear (n = 10), and reliability (n = 18). Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the percentage of filler by weight, and digital image correlation (DIC) was used for strain analysis in flexural strength test. Reliability of each resin matrix ceramic was compared after accelerated lifetime testing of crowns using a two-parameter Weibull distribution. Data of flexural strength, wear, and thermogravimetry were analyzed by independent t-tests with significance level at 5%. Results: The results of DIC analysis were analyzed by a qualitative comparison between the images obtained. The materials tested showed different flexural strength (p < 0.05) and strain distributions. The filler content was the same as informed by manufacturers. No difference was observed in the wear or reliability analysis (p > 0.05). The flexural strength of material AH was superior to VE, and the strain distribution was compatible with this finding. Conclusions: The two resin matrix ceramics tested showed similar behavior in wear and reliability analysis. Both can provide safe use for dental crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebele Adaobi Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo—FORP-USP, Sao Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Anselmo Agostinho Simionato
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo—FORP-USP, Sao Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cláudia Lapria Faria
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo—FORP-USP, Sao Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Estevam Augusto Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo—FOB-USP, Sao Paulo 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo—FORP-USP, Sao Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Faria Ribeiro
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo—FORP-USP, Sao Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-4046
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Guo X, Zhao H, Zhang Z. Effects of Streptococcus mutans and its fluoride resistant strains on the adhesion of CAD/CAM ceramics to teeth and resin. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:125-139. [PMID: 35754240 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The similar elastic modulus of resin-matrix ceramics to dentin has resulted in their recent widespread application clinically. Nevertheless, the bacterial environment of oral cavity can degrade the resin composite. OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyse the effect of S. mutans and its fluoride-resistant strains on the adhesion of three CAD/CAM ceramics. METHODS S. mutans UA159 (UA) was identified, and its fluoride-resistant strain (FR) was induced. For crack observation, three kinds of CAD/CAM ceramics (IPS Empress, Lava Ultimate and Vita Enamic) were bonded with tooth complex (enamel, dentin and flowable resin) through adhesive. For micro-tensile test, ceramics were bonded with flowable resin, and cut into strip test pieces. Then specimens were immersed into the UA, FR and the control solution (BHI) separately for 14 d. Ceramic-adhesive interface and adhesive-tooth complex interface were observed and analyzed through electron microscope and stereomicroscope. Micro-tensile test was conducted. RESULTS Specimens in bacterial solutions had more cracks and comparatively weaker micro-tensile strength than those in BHI. In ceramic-adhesive interface, Lava Ultimate produced the most cracks. In adhesive-tooth complex interface, adhesive-dentin produced the most cracks. Meanwhile, IPS Empress had the strongest micro-tensile strength when bonded with resin. CONCLUSIONS S. mutans and its fluoride resistant strain can cause cracks in the bonding of ceramics and dental tissue, especially resin-matrix ceramic and dentin, and weaken the bonding strength between ceramics and resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,College of Dentistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Matsuura T, Komatsu K, Chao D, Lin YC, Oberoi N, McCulloch K, Cheng J, Orellana D, Ogawa T. Cell Type-Specific Effects of Implant Provisional Restoration Materials on the Growth and Function of Human Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040243. [PMID: 36546943 PMCID: PMC9775359 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant provisional restorations should ideally be nontoxic to the contacting and adjacent tissues, create anatomical and biophysiological stability, and establish a soft tissue seal through interactions between prosthesis, soft tissue, and alveolar bone. However, there is a lack of robust, systematic, and fundamental data to inform clinical decision making. Here we systematically explored the biocompatibility of fibroblasts and osteoblasts in direct contact with, or close proximity to, provisional restoration materials. Human gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts were cultured on the "contact" effect and around the "proximity" effect with various provisional materials: bis-acrylic, composite, self-curing acrylic, and milled acrylic, with titanium alloy as a bioinert control. The number of fibroblasts and osteoblasts surviving and attaching to and around the materials varied considerably depending on the material, with milled acrylic the most biocompatible and similar to titanium alloy, followed by self-curing acrylic and little to no attachment on or around bis-acrylic and composite materials. Milled and self-curing acrylics similarly favored subsequent cellular proliferation and physiological functions such as collagen production in fibroblasts and alkaline phosphatase activity in osteoblasts. Neither fibroblasts nor osteoblasts showed a functional phenotype when cultured with bis-acrylic or composite. By calculating a biocompatibility index for each material, we established that fibroblasts were more resistant to the cytotoxicity induced by most materials in direct contact, however, the osteoblasts were more resistant when the materials were in close proximity. In conclusion, there was a wide variation in the cytotoxicity of implant provisional restoration materials ranging from lethal and tolerant to near inert, and this cytotoxicity may be received differently between the different cell types and depending on their physical interrelationships.
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Mourouzis P, Andreasidou E, Arhakis A, Kabir A, Furton KG, Samanidou V, Tolidis K. Release of monomers in dental wastewater during treatment. A comparative in vitro and in vivo study based on Fabric phase Sorptive extraction. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Using Copper-Doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanospheres to Impart Anti-Bacterial Properties to Dental Composites. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102241. [PMID: 36297676 PMCID: PMC9611516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental dental resin composites containing copper-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (Cu-MBGN) were developed to impart anti-bacterial properties. Increasing amounts of Cu-MBGN (0, 1, 5 and 10 wt%) were added to the BisGMA/TEGDMA resin matrix containing micro- and nano-fillers of inert glass, keeping the resin/filler ratio constant. Surface micromorphology and elemental analysis were performed to evaluate the homogeneous distribution of filler particles. The study investigated the effects of Cu-MBGN on the degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage, porosity, ion release and anti-bacterial activity on S. mutans and A. naeslundii. Experimental materials containing Cu-MBGN showed a dose-dependent Cu release with an initial burst and a further increase after 28 days. The composite containing 10% Cu-MBGN had the best anti-bacterial effect on S. mutans, as evidenced by the lowest adherence of free-floating bacteria and biofilm formation. In contrast, the 45S5-containing materials had the highest S. mutans adherence. Ca release was highest in the bioactive control containing 15% 45S5, which correlated with the highest number of open porosities on the surface. Polymerization shrinkage was similar for all tested materials, ranging from 3.8 to 4.2%, while the degree of conversion was lower for Cu-MBGN materials. Cu-MBGN composites showed better anti-bacterial properties than composites with 45S5 BG.
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Response of human gingival keratinocytes to hybrid CAD/CAM material eluates. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1532-1546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ibrahim SH, Amr H, Hassan AA, Elzohairy A. Internal fit evaluation of indirect restorations fabricated from CAD/CAM composite blocks versus ceramic blocks in badly broken teeth using cone beam CT (CBCT): double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09466. [PMID: 35647344 PMCID: PMC9130535 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The restoration durability is essentially governed by optimum marginal integrity of an indirect restoration that is obtained and maintained by essential factors. This study aimed to evaluate the internal gap of indirect restorations fabricated from CAD/CAM composite blocks versus ceramic blocks in badly broken teeth using cone beam CT (CBCT) to determine their internal fit accuracy over the cast. Materials and methods Fifty-four participants were allocated into two groups: composite blocks or ceramic blocks. The trial participants and assessors were blinded to the material assignment, whereas the operator was not. Cavity preparation was performed followed by cavity optimization and impression taking. The produced master cast was scanned, restoration was designed using Exocad 2019 software and the final restoration was milled. The restoration was doubled-checked on the cast for internal fit using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and intraorally for interproximal contact and marginal adaptation before final cementation. CBCT measurements were collected and statistically analyzed. Restoration was cemented with resin cement and was immediately assessed clinically, then after one year and two years of follow-up periods. Results Results of an independent t-test revealed Composite blocks samples (0.25mm ± 0.03) to have a significantly better adaptation than ceramic blocks samples (0.29 mm ± 0.04) (p = 0.008). Conclusions Both materials have acceptable internal adaptation with a noticed difference reflected in their clinical performance. Clinical relevance Both indirect esthetic CAD/CAM restorations exhibit acceptable internal and marginal adaptation in posterior teeth however, composite blocks have a better adaptation than ceramic blocks. Trial registration This trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04784676).
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Alharbi N, Teerakanok S, Satterthwaite JD, Giordano R, Silikas N. Quantitative nano-mechanical mapping AFM-based method for elastic modulus and surface roughness measurements of model polymer infiltrated ceramics. Dent Mater 2022; 38:935-945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Canisares FS, Mutti AM, Cavalcante DG, Job AE, Pires AM, Lima SA. Luminescence and cytotoxic study of red emissive europium(III) complex as a cell dye. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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De Angelis F, Sarteur N, Buonvivere M, Vadini M, Šteffl M, D'Arcangelo C. Meta-analytical analysis on components released from resin-based dental materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6015-6041. [PMID: 35870020 PMCID: PMC9525379 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resin-based materials are applied in every branch of dentistry. Due to their tendency to release substances in the oral environment, doubts have been raised about their actual safety. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the last decade literature regarding the concentrations of elutable substances released from dental resin-based materials in different type of solvents. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the literature published on dental journals between January 2010 and April 2022 was searched using international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Due to strict inclusion criteria, only 23 papers out of 877 were considered eligible. The concentration of eluted substances related to surface and volume of the sample was analyzed, considering data at 24 h as a reference. The total cumulative release was examined as well. RESULTS The most eluted substances were HEMA, TEGDMA, and BPA, while the less eluted were Bis-GMA and UDMA. Organic solvents caused significantly higher release of substances than water-based ones. A statistically significant inverse correlation between the release of molecules and their molecular mass was observed. A statistically significant positive correlation between the amount of released molecule and the specimen surface area was detected, as well as a weak positive correlation between the release and the specimen volume. CONCLUSIONS Type of solvent, molecular mass of eluates, and specimen surface and volume affect substances release from materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It could be advisable to rely on materials based on monomers with a reduced elution tendency for clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Angelis
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nela Sarteur
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Buonvivere
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Vadini
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michal Šteffl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Pantea M, Totan AR, Imre M, Petre AE, Țâncu AMC, Tudos C, Farcașiu AT, Butucescu M, Spînu TC. Biochemical Interaction between Materials Used for Interim Prosthetic Restorations and Saliva. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:226. [PMID: 35009373 PMCID: PMC8746092 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the oxidative stress level and inflammatory status of saliva in the presence of certain materials used for obtaining interim prosthetic restorations. Four types of interim resin materials were investigated: a pressure/heat-cured acrylic resin (Superpont C+B, SpofaDental a.s Czech Republic, /KaVo Kerr Group), a milled resin (Telio CAD polymethyl methacrylate, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein), a 3D printed resin (NextDent C&B MFH, NextDent by 3D Systems, the Netherlands), and a pressure/heat-cured micro-filled indirect composite resin (SR Chromasit, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein). The disk-shaped resin samples (30 mm diameter, 2 mm high) were obtained in line with the producers' recommendations. The resulting resin specimens were incubated with saliva samples collected from twenty healthy volunteers. In order to analyze the antioxidant activity of the tested materials, certain salivary parameters were evaluated before and after incubation: uric acid, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), oxidative stress responsive kinase-1 (OXSR-1), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC); the salivary levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (inflammatory markers) were measured as well. The obtained results are overall favorable, showing that the tested materials did not cause significant changes in the salivary oxidative stress level and did not influence the inflammatory salivary status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Pantea
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (A.E.P.); (T.C.S.)
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Eugen Petre
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (A.E.P.); (T.C.S.)
| | - Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian Tudos
- Resident in General Dentistry, Emergency Hospital of Saint Pantelimon, 021661 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Titus Farcașiu
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihai Butucescu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Claudiu Spînu
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17-23 Plevnei Street, 020221 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (A.E.P.); (T.C.S.)
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Alamoush RA, Salim NA, Silikas N, Satterthwaite JD. Long-term hydrolytic stability of CAD/CAM composite blocks. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12834. [PMID: 34897842 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess water sorption and solubility of CAD/CAM composite blocks compared to CAD/CAM ceramic after 8 months storage in water and artificial saliva. Eight CAD/CAM blocks were investigated: Five resin-composite blocks (RCBs), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block, one ceramic-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) block, and one feldspathic ceramic block. One hundred and twelve specimens were prepared comprising 14 specimens of each of the eight materials. From each group of specimens, seven randomly selected specimens were immersed in 10 mL of water, while the other seven specimens were immersed in artificial saliva. All specimens were stored at 37°C and weighed at various time intervals. The data were analysed via repeat measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05 for all tests). Sorption values (mean [SD]) in water were within the range -1.21 (0.4) to 39.3 (2.1) μg/mm3 and in artificial saliva between -0.7 (0.2) and 41.6 (1.3) μg/mm3 . Solubility values in water were between -0.43 (0.08) and 0.34 (0.18) μg/mm3 and in artificial saliva between -0.53 (0.07) μg/mm3 and 0.33 (0.2) μg/mm3 . CAD/CAM composite blocks were hydrolytically stable under long-term storage (according to ISO 4949:2009), although not as stable as ceramic. Water sorption of CAD/CAM composite blocks was dependent on the resin-matrix and was influenced by the filler weight %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nesreen A Salim
- Prosthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Mourouzis P, Diamantopoulou E, Tsigarida A, Dionysopoulos D, Konstantinidis A, Samanidou V, Tolidis K. Evaluation of Monomer Elution and Surface Roughness of a Polymer-Infiltrated Ceramic Network CAD-CAM Material After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-assisted Tooth Bleaching. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E171-E184. [PMID: 35486503 DOI: 10.2341/20-158-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted tooth bleaching treatment on the elution of monomers and surface roughness of a hybrid computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) material, and to compare it with a resin composite for direct restorations. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty specimens of a hybrid CAD-CAM material (Enamic) and forty of a conventional resin composite (Tetric) were fabricated and randomly divided into four groups (n=10). Half of the specimens of each material were stored in distilled water and the other half in artificial saliva for 7 days. At the end of this period, the storage medium was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the surface roughness parameters of the specimens were evaluated by optical imaging noncontact interferometric profilometry. Afterwards, half of the specimens of each tested material received a conventional in-office tooth bleaching treatment and the other half an Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted bleaching treatment, and then they were again incubated in distilled water and artificial saliva for an additional 7-day time period. At the end of this period, the effect of the bleaching treatments on elution of monomers and surface roughness of the tested materials was evaluated. RESULTS Bisphenol A (BPA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and bisphenol A-glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) were eluted from the conventional resin composite into both the solutions tested. Only TEGDMA was eluted from the hybrid CAD-CAM material. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the surface roughness parameters of both materials. Both the conventional and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-assisted tooth bleaching treatments affected the monomer elution from the composite resin. However, there were no statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the treatments. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, tooth bleaching with Er,Cr:YSGG laser or conventional technique is safe, even if the bleaching agent comes in contact with hybrid CAD-CAM restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mourouzis
- *Petros Mourouzis, MSc, PhD, assitant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Diamantopoulou
- Ellisavet-Ioanna Diamantopoulou, MSc, graduate student, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Tsigarida
- Alexia Tsigarida, Chemist, MSc, Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Dionysopoulos
- Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, MSc, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Konstantinidis
- Avraam Konstantinidis, PhD, assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Samanidou
- Victoria Samanidou, PhD, professor, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Tolidis
- Kosmas Tolidis, PhD, professor, Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kihara T, Ikawa T, Shigeta Y, Shigemoto S, Ihara K, Sasaki K, Hirai K, Ogawa T. Considerations for the selection of interim restoration materials using wear test results. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:176-183. [PMID: 34321371 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the wear of resin materials using two-body wear tests and to verify a selection method for optimal interim restoration materials from findings of a diagnostic occlusal dev ice. METHODS Specimens were prepared from nine different resins used for diagnostic occlusal devices (soft resin) and interim restorations. Wear tests were conducted using an abrasion testing machine. The resulting wear on resin specimens and antagonist stainless-steel styluses was measured using a laser confocal scanning microscope, and the surface conditions were observed through a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test. The findings of the previous study on diagnostic occlusal devices were referred to in order to verify the selection method of optimal interim restoration materials. RESULTS The maximum wear depth of the soft resin specimens was significantly greater than that of the other specimens (p<0.05) and was equivalent to the wear depth of a diagnostic occlusal device used for 14 nights. The wear of bis-acryl resin material was shallower than that of the other materials (Polymethyl methacrylate and polyethyl methacrylate), and its antagonist stylus was significantly worn (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the previous and present studies showed a relationship among the parameters of Electromyography, wear depth of the diagnostic occlusal device, and wear of materials used for interim restorations. Findings related to bruxism can guide in the selection of interim restoration material and the determination of a suitable duration of wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kihara
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama
| | - Tomoko Ikawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama
| | - Yuko Shigeta
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama
| | - Shuji Shigemoto
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama
| | - Keisuke Ihara
- Dental Technician Training Institute, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama
| | - Keita Sasaki
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama
| | - Kentaro Hirai
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama
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Dapieve KS, Machry RV, Pereira GKR, Venturini AB, Valcanaia A, Bottino MC, Valandro LF. Alumina particle air-abrasion and aging effects: Fatigue behavior of CAD/CAM resin composite crowns and flexural strength evaluations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104592. [PMID: 34144359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the flexural strength and elastic modulus of CAD/CAM resin composite material and to evaluate the influence of different surface treatments and storage conditions on the fatigue behavior of bonded composite crowns. Bars (flexural strength, n= 30; elastic modulus, n= 5) (1.2 × 4 × 12 mm) were produced for three-point bending test and CAD/CAM milled crowns (n= 5) (thickness= 1 mm) adhesively cemented to an epoxy resin substrate for fatigue tests. Bars and crowns were randomly allocated into two "surface treatments": no surface treatment (CTRL) and air-abrasion with 110 μm Al2O3 particles (AlOx); while the crowns were also subdivided into "aging condition" (baseline - storage for 24 h to 7 days, and aging - storage for 150 days + 25,000 thermal cycles). The three-point bending test was performed according to ISO 6872 and the luted crowns were subjected to step-stress fatigue test (initial load of 200 N; step-size of 50 N; 10,000 cycles per step; 20 Hz). Complementary analysis by Stereomicroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) were performed. The flexural strength and fatigue data were submitted to statistical tests (α= 0.05). The results showed that air-abrasion reduces the flexural strength and the characteristic strength of the resin composite, without modifying its elastic modulus or its structural reliability (Weibull Modulus). Air-abrasion did not influence the fatigue behavior of the cemented crowns. Notwithstanding, a decrease in the survival rate was observed after 445,000 cycles (2,400 N) when subjected to aging at both the CTRL or AlOx conditions. FE-SEM micrographs of the crowns showed that alumina particle air-abrasion treatment can modify the topography of its treated inner surface. Therefore, air-abrasion with alumina powder introduces defects onto the surface of the CAD/CAM resin composite material, decreasing the flexural strength, but without changing its elastic modulus and reliability. Adhesive cementation onto an epoxy resin substrate prevented an influence of the introduced defects on the fatigue performance of the resin composite restoration. Nevertheless, the fatigue behavior may be damaged by aging regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - André Valcanaia
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Marco Cícero Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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The effect of different storage media on the monomer elution and hardness of CAD/CAM composite blocks. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1202-1213. [PMID: 33962792 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect of different storage media on the hardness and monomer elution of CAD/CAM composite blocks. METHODS Five resin-composite blocks (RCB), one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) block (Enamic (EN)), one ceramic-filled poly ether ether ketone (PEEK) block (Dentokeep (DK)), and one feldspathic ceramic block. Microhardness was measured using a Vickers indenter tester (FM-700, Future Tech Corp., Japan). In addition 4 conventional resin-composites were investigated for monomer elution using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after storage in different media for 3 months. The data were analysed by three-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test and the independent t-test (α=0.05 for all tests). RESULTS The specimens stored in the water had a hardness reduction ranging from 0.9% to 24.4%. In artificial saliva, the specimens had a hardness reduction ranging from 2.8% to 23.2%. The hardness reduction percentage in 75% Ethanol/Water (E/W) ranged between 3.8% and 35.3%. All materials, except GR (resin-composite block) and DK (Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)), showed a variable extent of monomer elution into 75% E/W with significantly higher amounts eluted from conventional composites. GRA and GND (conventional resin-composites) eluted TEGDMA in artificial saliva and GRA eluted TEGDMA in water. SIGNIFICANCE The hardness of CAD/CAM composite blocks was affected by different storage media, and they were not as stable as ceramic, with PICN exhibited superior hardness stability to all of the resin-composite blocks in all the storage media and was comparable to ceramic block. The hardness reduction percentage of the CAD/CAM composite blocks was influenced by the filler loading and resin-matrix composition.Minimal or no monomer elution from CAD/CAM blocks was detected.
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Characterisation of the Filler Fraction in CAD/CAM Resin-Based Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081986. [PMID: 33921076 PMCID: PMC8071413 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The performance of dental resin-based composites (RBCs) heavily depends on the characteristic properties of the individual filler fraction. As specific information regarding the properties of the filler fraction is often missing, the current study aims to characterize the filler fractions of several contemporary computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) RBCs from a material science point of view. The filler fractions of seven commercially available CAD/CAM RBCs featuring different translucency variants were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Micro-X-ray Computed Tomography (µXCT), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). All CAD/CAM RBCs investigated included midifill hybrid type filler fractions, and the size of the individual particles was clearly larger than the individual specifications of the manufacturer. The fillers in Shofu Block HC featured a sphericity of ≈0.8, while it was <0.7 in all other RBCs. All RBCs featured only X-ray amorphous phases. However, in Lava Ultimate, zircon crystals with low crystallinity were detected. In some CAD/CAM RBCs, inhomogeneities (X-ray opaque fillers or pores) with a size <80 µm were identified, but the effects were minor in relation to the total volume (<0.01 vol.%). The characteristic parameters of the filler fraction in RBCs are essential for the interpretation of the individual material's mechanical and optical properties.
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Review on Polymer, Ceramic and Composite Materials for CAD/CAM Indirect Restorations in Dentistry-Application, Mechanical Characteristics and Comparison. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071592. [PMID: 33805176 PMCID: PMC8037100 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review article is to present various material groups, including ceramics, composites and hybrid materials, currently utilized in the field of CAD/CAM. The described technology is amongst the most important in modern prosthetics. Materials that are applicable in this technique are constantly tested, evaluated and improved. Nowadays, research on dental materials is carried out in order to meet the increasing demand on highly aesthetic and functional indirect restorations. Recent studies present the long-term clinical success of restorations made with the help of both ceramic and composite materials in the CAD/CAM method. However, new materials are developed and introduced that do not have long-term in vivo observations. We can outline a monolithic polymer-infiltrated ceramic network and zirconia teeth support that show promising results to date but require further assessment. The materials will be compared with regard to their mechanical and clinical properties, purpose, advantages and limitations.
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Pereira JR, Vidotti HA, Júnior LC, Vermudt A, de Souza Almeida M, Pamato S. Analysis of microleakage and marginal gap presented by new polymeric systems in class V restorations: An in vitro study. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:156-160. [PMID: 33679109 PMCID: PMC7910649 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evaluating the contraction of polymerization effect of silorane-based composite on dental interface in enamel. Materials and Methods Eighty class V cavities were confectioned in forty extracted molar teeth and restored with different combinations of resinous-based and bond system. They were divided into the following groups: (G1) three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system and methacrylate-based resin, (G2) two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system and methacrylate-based resin, (G3) Filtek P-90 self-conditioning adhesive system and methacrylate-based resin, (G4) Adper SE Plus self-conditioning adhesive system and methacrylate-based resin, (G5) three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system and silorane-based resin, (G6) two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system and silorane-based resin, (G7) Filtek P-90 self-conditioning adhesive system and silorane-based resin, (G8) Adper SE Plus self-conditioning adhesive system and silorane-based resin. Results Group 7 showed lower marginal leakage when compared with all other groups (p = 0.001). Conclusions The results allows suggesting that silorane-based resinous system is adequate to promote more satisfactory marginal sealing than any other combination, since the system is combined with its own bond system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lindomar Corrêa Júnior
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Alef Vermudt
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Souza Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Saulo Pamato
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
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Elution behavior of a 3D-printed, milled and conventional resin-based occlusal splint material. Dent Mater 2021; 37:701-710. [PMID: 33648744 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The elution of unpolymerized (co-)monomers and additives from methacrylic resin-based materials like polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) can cause adverse side effects, such as mutagenicity, teratogenicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and estrogenic activity. The aim of this study was to quantify the release and the cytotoxicity of residual (co-)monomers and additives from PMMA-based splint materials under consideration of real splint sizes. Three different materials used for additive (3D printing), subtractive (milling) and conventional (powder and liquid) manufacturing were examined. METHODS The splint materials SHERAprint-ortho plus (additive), SHERAeco-disc PM20 (subtractive) and SHERAORTHOMER (conventional) were analysed. 16 (n = 4) sample discs of each material (6 mm diameter and 2 mm height) were polished on the circular and one cross-section area and then eluted in both distilled water and methanol. The discs were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h or 72 h and subsequently analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for specifying and quantifying released compounds. XTT-based cell viability assays with human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were performed for Tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA), 1,4-Butylene glycol dimethacrylate (BDDMA) and Tripropylenglycol diacrylate (TPGDA). In order to project the disc size to actual splint sizes in a worst-case scenario, lower and upper jaw occlusal splints were designed and volumes and surfaces were measured. RESULTS For SHERAeco-disc PM20 and for SHERAORTHOMER no elution was determined in water. SHERAprint-ortho plus eluted the highest THFMA concentration of 7.47 μmol/l ±2,77 μmol/l after 72 h in water. Six (co-)monomers and five additives were detected in the methanol eluates of all three materials tested. The XTT-based cell viability assays resulted in a EC50 of 3006 ± 408 μmol/l for THFMA, 2569.5 ± 308 μmol/l for BDDMA and 596.7 ± 88 μmol/l for TPGDA. SIGNIFICANCE With the solvent methanol, released components from the investigated splint materials exceeded cytotoxic concentrations in HGFs calculated for a worst-case scenario in splint size. In the water eluates only the methacrylate THFMA could be determined from SHERAprint-ortho plus in concentrations below cytotoxic levels in HGFs.
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Ilie N. Frequency-related viscoelastic properties in high translucent CAD-CAM resin-based composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104427. [PMID: 33657506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to quantify the viscoelastic properties of representative dental CAD/CAM resin-based composites (RBC) and to determine the effects of loading frequencies on the viscoelastic material response in comparison to clinically established CAD/CAM glass ceramics. METHODS Eight RBCs, one leucite-reinforced, and one lithium disilicate glass-ceramics were selected. The quasi-static (indentation hardness HIT, indentation modulus, EIT) and viscoelastic (storage modulus E', loss modulus E″, loss factor tan δ) material behavior was monitored by a depth-sensing indentation test equipped with a DMA module. A low-magnitude oscillating force was therefore superimposed onto a quasi-static force (Fmax = 1000 mN) at 20 different frequencies in the range 1-50 Hz. One and multiple-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc tests (α = 0.05), and a Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis. RESULTS The quasi-static parameters increased with the crystalline phase in glass ceramics and with the amount of inorganic filler in RBCs. The tan δ, which is related to the damping capacity of a material, increased with the increasing amount of glass phase in glass ceramics or with the amount of organic phase in RBCs. A pronounced influence of the frequency on the measured parameters and their patterns of variation was observed. HIT was up to ten time higher in glass ceramics compared to RBCs and highest at the lowest frequency (1 Hz). Parameters EIT and E' differ less and were lowest at the lowest frequency. E″ distinguished three different patterns of variation with frequency. The tan δ decreased rapidly with frequency in glass ceramics, while the decrease in RBCs was gradually. Frequency influenced stronger tan δ (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.85), followed by E' (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.773), EIT (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.772), and E″ (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.714), and less HIT (p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.384). CONCLUSIONS All materials sowed viscoelastic behavior related to their microstructure and the internal friction created by grain or interphase boundary relaxation. RBCs have better damping capabilities over a wider frequency range. The deviations from the ideal elasticity were significantly lower in the glass ceramics than in the RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU, Germany.
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Monomer release from direct and indirect adhesive restorations: A comparative in vitro study. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1275-1281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Nano-CT as tool for characterization of dental resin composites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15520. [PMID: 32968120 PMCID: PMC7511412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances have made it possible to examine dental resin composites using 3D nanometer resolution. This investigation aims to characterize existing dental nano-hybrid and micro-hybrid resin composites through comparing and contrasting nano-computed tomography (nano-CT) with micro-CT and high-resolution SEM images. Eight commercially available and widely used dental resin composites, 2 micro-hybrid and 6 nano-hybrid were researched. Cured samples were examined and characterized using nano-CT (resolution 450 nm) and compared with micro-CT images (resolution 2 µm). Acquired images were reconstructed and image analysis was carried out to determine porosity and pore morphology. A comprehensive comparison of scanning micrograph images unsurprisingly revealed that the nano-CT images displayed greater detail of the ultrastructure of cured dental resin composites. Filler particle diameters and its volumes were lower when measured using nano-CT, porosity being higher where analysed at higher resolution. There were large variations between the examined materials. Fewer voids were found in Tetric EvoCeram and IPS Empress Direct, the smallest pores being found in Universal XTE and Tetric EvoCeram. Nano-CT was successfully used to investigate the morphology of dental resin composites and showed that micro-CT gives a lower porosity and pore size but overestimates filler particle size. There were large discrepancies between the tested composites. Evidence of porosities and pores within a specimen is a critical finding and it might have a detrimental effect on a material’s clinical performance.
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Ilie N. Spatial Distribution of the Micro-Mechanical Properties in High-Translucent CAD/CAM Resin-Composite Blocks. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153352. [PMID: 32731488 PMCID: PMC7435856 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Industrially cured, high-translucent computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin-based composites (RBC) are the most recently launched dental restoratives. Clinical treatments and laboratory tests are based on a homogeneous distribution of properties within CAD/CAM blocks to obtain constant and reproducible results. The study therefore aims to determine the spatial distribution of various micro-mechanical parameters (Vickers hardness, Martens hardness, indentation modulus, creep, elastic and total indentation work) in five representative CAD/CAM RBCs. The properties of the tooth structure were evaluated under similar conditions. Filler size and shape were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. A multivariate analysis (general linear model) identified a very strong influence of the material on all measured properties (p < 0.001; partial eta squared ηP2 > 0.943), whereby the most sensitive parameters when identifying differences within regions were the indentation modulus and the elastic indentation work. CAD/CAM RBC blocks show gradually varying properties that can increase or decrease from central to peripheral areas regardless of the chemical composition of the materials or the inorganic filler fraction. The degree of variation in the measured properties is material-specific and less than 8.7%. Clinical applications and in vitro study designs should consider slight inhomogeneity in CAD/CAM RBC blocks, while the location of the regions with best mechanical performance depends on the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Ilie
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestr. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany
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Haugen HJ, Marovic D, Par M, Khai Le Thieu M, Reseland JE, Johnsen GF. Bulk Fill Composites Have Similar Performance to Conventional Dental Composites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145136. [PMID: 32698509 PMCID: PMC7404092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to perform comprehensive characterization of two commonly used bulk fill composite materials (SDR Flow (SDR) and Filtek™ Bulk Fill Flowable Restorative (FBF) and one conventional composite material (Tetric EvoCeram; TEC). Eleven parameters were examined: flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), degree of conversion, depth of cure, polymerisation shrinkage (PS), filler particle morphology, filler mass fraction, Vickers hardness, surface roughness following simulated toothbrush abrasion, monomer elution, and cytotoxic reaction of human gingival fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cancer cells. The degree of conversion and depth of cure were the highest for SDR, followed by FBF and TEC, but there was no difference in PS between them. FS was higher for bulk fill materials, while their FM and hardness were lower than those of TEC. Surface roughness decreased in the order TEC→SDR→FBF. Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and urethane dimethacrylate were found in TEC and FBF eluates, while SDR released BisGMA and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Conditioned media accumulated for 24 h from FBF and TEC were cytotoxic to primary human osteoblasts. Compared to the conventional composite, the tested bulk fill materials performed equally or better in most of the tests, except for their hardness, elastic modulus, and biocompatibility with osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard J. Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, NO-0376 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (M.K.L.T.); (J.E.R.); (G.F.J.)
| | - Danijela Marovic
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Matej Par
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduliceva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Minh Khai Le Thieu
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, NO-0376 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (M.K.L.T.); (J.E.R.); (G.F.J.)
| | - Janne E. Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, NO-0376 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (M.K.L.T.); (J.E.R.); (G.F.J.)
| | - Gaute Floer Johnsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1109 Blindern, NO-0376 Oslo, Norway; (H.J.H.); (M.K.L.T.); (J.E.R.); (G.F.J.)
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Alamoush RA, Kushnerev E, Yates JM, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Response of two gingival cell lines to CAD/CAM composite blocks. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1214-1225. [PMID: 32561116 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the influence of CAD/CAM composite materials on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and gingival keratinocytes (HGK). METHODS Four materials were investigated: two resin-composite blocks (RCB), Grandio Blocs (GR) and Block HC (HC); one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) (Enamic, EN); and one conventional resin-composite, Grandioso (GND). HGF and HGK were cultured as per the supplier's protocol (ATCC, UK). Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were evaluated at 1, 3, 5 and 10 days using LDH and Alamar Blue assays. Indirect immunostaining was used to assess the Caspase-3 activity. Data were analysed via two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05 for all tests). RESULTS There was significant difference in cell proliferation of the HGK and HGF cells in contact with different composite materials but no significant differences in their cytotoxicity. There was a significant effect on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity with different exposure times, for each type of resin-composite. HGF cell proliferation was higher than HGK with almost all investigated materials and at all time points. No Caspase-3 activity was detected in either cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE HGK proliferation and cytotoxicity appeared to be more influenced by composite materials compared to HGF, demonstrating EN cytotoxic effects in HGK. Different manufacturing techniques of resin-composites (photo curing versus heat/pressure curing) had no significant effect on their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Evgeny Kushnerev
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julian M Yates
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Barutcigil K, Dündar A, Batmaz SG, Yıldırım K, Barutçugil Ç. Do resin-based composite CAD/CAM blocks release monomers? Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:329-336. [PMID: 32488490 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to identify and quantify the elution of monomers of five different resin-based CAD/CAM blocks (RCBs) using HPLC. METHODS Five different RCBs were used in the study: GC Cerasmart (CS), Voco Grandio blocs (GR), 3M Lava Ultimate (LU), Shofu Block (SB), and Vita Enamic (VE). Fifteen samples from each material were prepared using a low-speed precision diamond saw (ISOMET Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) at 5 × 5 × 4 mm size. After the preparation of samples, an extraction solution was mixed with %75/%25 ethanol/water. The samples were stored in the amber-colored bottles during three different immersed periods as 1 h, 24 h, and 90 days (n = 5). After immersion, 0.5 ml solutions were taken from each bottle and analyzed using HPLC. RESULTS A total of 16.7 μg/ml of monomers from SB, 13.4 μg/ml of monomers from GR, 13.2 μg/ml of monomers from CS, and 6.7 μg/ml of monomers from LU were found after 3-m immersion. TEGDMA after 3-m of immersion was only released from the SB group, and also BisEMA was released from the CS group. Among the specimens immersed for 1 h, UDMA was released the least from the LU group and the most from the GR group (p < 0.05). Correspondingly, 24 h and 3 m after immersion, the highest release of monomers was found in the GR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When the monomer release from RCBs was evaluated, it was shown that these materials released methacrylate-based monomers except VE, especially if they were kept in a solvent solution for a long time such as 3 m. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The novel resin-based CAD/CAM blocks might monomer release, which may cause cytotoxic effects. But, the detected amount of monomer release is below the estimated daily limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Barutcigil
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Dündar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sevde Gül Batmaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Kardelen Yıldırım
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Barutçugil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey.
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Diamantopoulou EI, Plastiras OE, Mourouzis P, Samanidou V. Validation of a Simple HPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Monomers Released from Dental Resin Composites in Artificial Saliva. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3020035. [PMID: 32375232 PMCID: PMC7359714 DOI: 10.3390/mps3020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) are organic monomers that can be released from dental composites into the oral cavity. Over specific concentrations, they can act as endocrine disruptors or cause toxic effects. The purpose of this work is to develop and validate an analytical method to determine BPA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, and UDMA monomers released from synthetic dental resins in artificial saliva. The method was validated before its application to new hybrid ceramic materials used in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restorations to determine the release of monomers in various time intervals (e.g., 24 h, and 7, 14, 30, and 60 days), both in methanolic solutions, as well as in artificial saliva. Chromatographic analysis was performed isocratically on a Perfect Sil Target ODS-3 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with CH3CN/H2O, 58/42% v/v as mobile phase within 23 min. The developed method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet-Ioanna Diamantopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.-I.D.); (O.-E.P.)
| | - Orfeas-Evanggelos Plastiras
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.-I.D.); (O.-E.P.)
| | - Petros Mourouzis
- Department of Dental Tissues Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Victoria Samanidou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.-I.D.); (O.-E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-997698
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Mourouzis P, Andreasidou E, Samanidou V, Tolidis K. Short-term and long-term release of monomers from newly developed resin-modified ceramics and composite resin CAD-CAM blocks. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 123:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sliding contact wear and subsurface damage of CAD/CAM materials against zirconia. Dent Mater 2020; 36:387-401. [PMID: 32007314 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most previous work conducted on the wear behavior of dental materials has focused on wear rates and surface damage. There is, however, scarce information regarding the subsurface damage arising from sliding contact fatigue. The aim of this study was to elucidate the wear mechanisms and the subsurface damage generated during sliding contact fatigue in 5 contemporary CAD/CAM materials against a zirconia indenter. METHODS Forty discs (Ø12mm, 1.55mm thick) were cut out of IPS e.max CAD (e.CAD), Suprinity PC (SUP), Enamic (ENA), Vitablocs Mark II (VMII) and Lava Ultimate (LU) blocks and mirror polished. After cementation onto a dentin-like composite, off-axis mouth-motion cycling was conducted with a spherical zirconia indenter (r=3.18mm) in water (200N load, 2Hz frequency) for 5 different cycling periods (102, 103, 104, 105, 106 cycles, n=8). Analysis of the wear scars was conducted using light-microscopy, scanning-electron-microscopy and optical profilometry. Subsurface damage was assessed using sagittal and transverse sections of the samples. RESULTS Fatigue wear mechanisms predominated in glassy materials (e.CAD, SUP, VMII), accompanied by extensive subsurface damage, whereas abrasive wear mechanisms were responsible for the large wear craters in the resin composite (LU) with an absolute absence of subsurface fracture. A combination of both mechanisms was observed in the polymer-infiltrated reinforced-glass (ENA), displaying large wear craters and severe subsurface damage. SIGNIFICANCE Well-controlled laboratory simulation can identify wear and subsurface damage susceptibility of various classes of restorative materials. Both wear and subsurface fracture are determining factors for the long-term success of restorations.
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Rosentritt M, Krifka S, Strasser T, Preis V. Fracture force of CAD/CAM resin composite crowns after in vitro aging. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2395-2401. [PMID: 31712983 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of material, preparation, and pre-treatment on the aging and fracture force of CAD/CAM resin composite molar crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAD/CAM molar crowns (n = 80) were milled from four resin composites (Block HC, Shofu; Lava Ultimate, 3 M; Grandio Blocs, Voco; and Tetric CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, with/without sandblasting). Extracted human teeth were prepared with optimal preparation (height 6-8 mm, angle 6-8°) or worst-case preparation (height 3.5-4 mm, angle 10-15°). Both groups were prepared with a 1-mm deep cervical circular shoulder. Crowns were adhesively bonded after corresponding tooth treatment required for the individual adhesive systems (Table 1). Specimens were aged for 90 days in water storage (37 °C) and subsequently subjected to thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML 3000 × 5 °C/3000 × 55 °C, 2 min each cycle, H20 distilled; 1.2 × 106 cycles à 50 N, 1.6 Hz). De-bonding and fracture force was determined. STATISTICS one-way-ANOVA; post hoc Bonferroni, α = 0.05. RESULTS Four crowns of Lava Ultimate with worst-case preparation de-bonded during TCML. Individual crowns without sandblasting treatment (3x Tetric CAD with optimal preparation; 1x Tetric CAD with worst-case preparation) de-bonded during water storage. One crown of Grandio Blocs with optimal preparation showed a small chipping during TCML. All other crowns survived TCML and water storage without failure. Fracture forces differed between 1272 ± 211 N (Lava Ultimate) and 3061 ± 521 N (Tetric CAD). All Grandio Blocs and Tetric CAD crowns revealed significantly (p ≤ 0.023) higher fracture forces than Block HC or Lava Ultimate crowns. No significantly different (p > 0.05) fracture forces were found between optimal or worst-case preparation/fit groups. CONCLUSIONS De-bonding during water storage and TCML was dependent on material and crown pre-treatment. Therefore, surface roughening seems strongly required. Fracture forces were not influenced by preparation but by the type of material. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical success and de-bonding of CAD/CAM resin composite crowns is strongly influenced by the type of material and its pre-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Krifka
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Strasser
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Verena Preis
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
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Altering of optical and mechanical properties in high-translucent CAD-CAM resin composites during aging. J Dent 2019; 85:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Wu X, Dai S, Chen Y, He F, Xie H, Chen C. Reinforcement of dental resin composite via zirconium hydroxide coating and phosphate ester monomer conditioning of nano-zirconia fillers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 94:32-41. [PMID: 30856477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate effects of conditioning with the phosphate ester monomer 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP), with and without precoating with zirconium hydroxide for nano-size zirconia fillers, on mechanical properties of dental resin composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nano-zirconia fillers coated with or without zirconium hydroxide [Zr(OH)4] were prepared. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to observe the coating and to characterize Zr(OH)4 coating on the zirconia filler surface. Zirconia fillers with or without Zr(OH)4 coating were conditioned with MDP and were subsequently used to prepare experimental resin composites. XPS was used to analyze the Zr-O-P bonds on the filler surface after MDP conditioning. Moreover, three-point bending strength and elastic modulus of prepared resin composites were measured, and Weibull analysis was performed. Resin composites without addition of zirconia fillers and the ones with addition of untreated or silane conditioned-zirconia fillers were set as controls. Cell counting kit (CCK)-8 was used to test cell cytotoxicity of these zirconia fillers-containing experimental resin composites. RESULTS Nano-zirconia fillers were coated with Zr(OH)4 through chemical deposition. FTIR and XPS analysis confirmed the increase of hydroxyl groups after Zr(OH)4 coating. XPS detected the highest contents of Zr-O-P bonds on MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers with pre-Zr(OH)4 coating, followed by MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers. Resin composite with added MDP-conditioned zirconia fillers with and without Zr(OH)4 coating exhibited greater three-point bending strength, elastic modulus values, and Weibull moduli. According to the cytotoxicity classification, resin composites containing experimental zirconia fillers were considered to have no significant cell cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Nano-zirconia fillers conditioned with MDP, with or without precoating with Zr(OH)4, improve the mechanical properties of resin composites, and are potentially safe for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiqi Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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SHINAGAWA J, INOUE G, NIKAIDO T, IKEDA M, BURROW MF, TAGAMI J. Early bond strengths of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin cements to CAD/CAM resin composite. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:28-32. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi SHINAGAWA
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Go INOUE
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Toru NIKAIDO
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masaomi IKEDA
- Oral Prosthetic Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Michael F. BURROW
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital
| | - Junji TAGAMI
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Min J, Yu P, Xu Z, Li Z, Zhang Q, Yu H, Gao S. Investigation on the Gradient Nanomechanical Behavior of Dental Fluorosis Enamel. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:347. [PMID: 30377848 PMCID: PMC6207606 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the gradient nanomechanical behavior of dental fluorosis enamel and provide appropriate selection criteria for restorative materials. The nanomechanical properties of the outer, middle, and inner layers of normal tooth enamel, mild dental fluorosis enamel, and severe dental fluorosis enamel were tested by nanoindentation under an applied load of 2000 μN and holding time of 30 s. The nanotribological properties were then evaluated through nanoscratch tests under an applied load of 1000 μN. In addition, the nanotribological property of the outer layer of dental fluorosis enamel was compared with that of four restorative materials, namely, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD), polymer-infiltrated-ceramic network (PICN), composite resin block (Lava™ ultimate), and conventional composite resin (Fltek™ Z350XT). The nanohardness and elastic modulus of mild dental fluorosis enamel increased from the outer to the middle layers and then decreased from the middle to the inner layers. By contrast, the changed displacement, friction coefficient, and nanoscratch depth and width decreased from the outer to the middle layers and then increased from the middle to the inner layers. In severe dental fluorosis enamel, nanohardness and elastic modulus increased from the outer to the inner layers, but the changed displacement, friction coefficient, and nanoscratch depth and width decreased from the outer to the inner layers. The nanoscratch depth and width of Lava™ ultimate were similar to those of the outer layer of the mild dental fluorosis enamel. The gradient nanomechanical behavior of dental fluorosis enamel significantly differed from that of normal tooth enamel. Dental materials with a wear resistance similar to that of the opposing enamel are a good choice for restoring dental fluorosis (trial registration: WCHSIRB-D-2014-126, registered 25 December 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Min
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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