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Mahmoudi Meimand N, Tsoi JKH, Burrow MF, He J, Cho K. A comparative study on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of BPA-free dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00184-2. [PMID: 38926013 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The commonly used base monomer utilized in resinous commercial dental restorative products is bis-GMA which is derived from bisphenol-A (BPA) - a well-known compound which may disrupt endocrine functions. To address concerns about its leaching into the oral environment and to optimize the quality of dental composites, a BPA-free alternative base monomer, fluorinated urethane dimethacrylate (FUDMA), was designed by modifying a UDMA monomer system. METHODS Nine groups of composites were prepared by mixing the base monomers and TEGDMA in a ratio of 70/30 wt% to which were added silanized glass particles (mean diameter: 0.7 µm) in 3 different volume fractions (40, 45, and 50 vol%). Bis-GMA and UDMA base monomers were used as control groups in the same ratios. Various properties including degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM), water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), surface hardness and roughness, and initial adhesion property against S.mutans were investigated. One-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni test at α = 0.05 was used to analyze the results. RESULTS A significant difference in FS between FUDMA-based composite with 40 vol% filler (120.3 ± 10.4 MPa) and Bis-GMA-based composite with the same filler fraction (105.8 ± 10.0 MPa) was observed but there was no significant difference among other groups. The UDMA based group exhibited the highest WS (1.3 ± 0.3 %). Bis-GMA showed greater initial bacterial adhesion but was not statistically different from the other groups (p = 0.082). SIGNIFICANCE FUDMA-based resin composites exhibit comparable mechanical and bacterial adhesion properties compared with Bis-GMA and UDMA-based composites. The FUDMA composites show positive outcomes indicating they could be used as substitute composites to Bis-GMA-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Mahmoudi Meimand
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Kit Hon Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Francis Burrow
- Prosthodontics, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, PR China
| | - Kiho Cho
- Dental Materials Science, Division of Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Ma X, Zhang X, Huang X, Liu F, He J, Mai S. Performance of low shrinkage Bis-EFMA based bulk-fill dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00182-9. [PMID: 38902144 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was evaluating the performance of new Bis-EFMA based bulk-fill composites with common methacrylate based composites and commercial dental composites. METHODS The Bis-EFMA monomer was synthesized and the novel Bis-EFMA based bulk-fill composites were prepared. The resin composite samples were co-cultured with human gingival epithelial cells and human dental pulp stem cells to test the biocompatibility. The edge adaptation was observed under a combination of stereoscope and scanning electron microscope. The internal hardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester after one-time filling of cavities prepared in extracted teeth. After friction and wear test on the surface of the resin composites, the surface morphology and volume wear of each group were measured by the optical profilometer. The color stability was measured by a colorimeter. RESULTS Direct contact with human gingival epithelial cells and human dental pulp stem cells did not cause significant changes in their growth density and morphology, indicating good biocompatibility of Bis-EFMA group (p > 0.05). The continuous margin proportion of the Bis-EFMA group was as good as commercial bulk-fill composites (p > 0.05). The sectional microhardness results showed that the Bis-EFMA group had the highest microhardness. After the friction and wear test, the volume wear of the Bis-EFMA group was minimal, indicating its good wear resistance and mechanical strength. Color changes in all resin groups after 28 days of immersion were within the clinically acceptable range. SIGNIFICANCE The addition of Bis-EFMA demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, edge adaptation and color stability comparable to commonly used clinical bulk-fill composites, along with preferable mechanical strength, friction and wear resistance. Bis-EFMA based bulk-fill composites have the potential to be employed as a bulk filling material in commercial dental composite applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangya Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sui Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu Z, Sun K, Wang W, Xue Q, Tonin BSH, Watts DC, Fu J, Wang H. Characterization of dental light-curing resin composites incorporating multiple modified low-shrink monomers. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00132-5. [PMID: 38871527 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polymerization shrinkage poses a significant challenge in dental resin composites. The objective of this study is to introduce spiroorthocarbonate monomer 3,9-dimethylene-1,3,5,7-tetraoxa-spiro[5,5]undecane (BMSOC) and epoxy resin monomer 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate (ECHM-ECHC) into bisphenol-S-bis(3-methacrylato-2-hydroxy propyl)ether (BisS-GMA) based resin composites to develop composites with reduced shrinkage properties. METHODS BMSOC and BisS-GMA were synthesized and thoroughly mixed with ECHM-ECHC, followed by inorganic fillers and photoinitiators. Based on the composition of the resin matrix, five groups of experimental composites were prepared, with traditional bisphenol A-dimethacrylate glycidyl ester (Bis-GMA)/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) based composite serving as the control. The polymerization properties, including degree of conversion (DC) and polymerization shrinkage (PS), as well as marginal microleakage, wettability, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), and biocompatibility were evaluated. RESULTS The results demonstrated that compared with the control group, the PS of BisS-GMA based composites containing BMSOC and ECHM-ECHC were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the lowest PS (0.96 ± 0.08 %) was observed when the ratio of BisS-GMA: (Epoxy + BMSOC) was 4:6. Additionally, the experimental composites also exhibited improved DC, minimal microleakage, low hydrophilicity, enhanced mechanical properties, qualified in vivo biocompatibility, and slight/moderate in vitro biocompatibility. SIGNIFICANCE The resin composites incorporating multiple modified low-shrink monomers are promising for dental applications to prevent various clinical problems caused by PS and extend restoration longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000 Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenshun Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000 Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000 Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bruna S H Tonin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14040904 SP, Brazil
| | - David C Watts
- University of Manchester, School of Medical Sciences, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Jing Fu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000 Shandong, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Ma Z, Chen Y, Wang R, Zhu M. Synthesis of polymerizable betulin maleic diester derivative for dental restorative resins with antibacterial activity. Dent Mater 2024; 40:941-950. [PMID: 38719709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) is of great importance for dental materials as the preferred monomer. However, the presence of bisphenol-A (BPA) core in Bis-GMA structure causes potential concerns since it is associated with endocrine diseases, developmental abnormalities, and cancer lesions. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an alternative replacement for Bis-GMA and explore the intrinsic relationship between monomer structure and resin properties. METHODS Here, the betulin maleic diester derivative (MABet) was synthesized by a facile esterification reaction using plant-derived betulin and maleic anhydride as raw materials. Its chemical structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, FT-IR spectra, and HR-MS, respectively. The as-synthesized MABet was then used as polymerizable comonomer to partially or completely substitute Bis-GMA in a 50:50 Bis-GMA: TEGDMA resin (5B5T) to formulate dental restorative resins. These were then determined for the viscosity behavior, light transmittance, real-time degree of conversion, residual monomers, mechanical performance, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in detail. RESULTS Among all experimental resins, increasing the MABet concentration to 50 wt% made the resultant 5MABet5T resin have a maximum in viscosity and appear dark yellowish after polymerization. In contrast, the 1MABet4B5T resin with 10 wt% MABet possessed comparable shear viscosity and polymerization conversion (46.6 ± 1.0% in 60 s), higher flexural and compressive strength (89.7 ± 7.8 MPa; 345.5 ± 14.4 MPa) to those of the 5B5T control (48.5 ± 0.6%; 65.7 ± 6.7 MPa; 223.8 ± 57.1 MPa). This optimal resin also had significantly lower S. mutans colony counts (0.35 ×108 CFU/mL) than 5B5T (7.6 ×108 CFU/mL) without affecting cytocompatibility. SIGNIFICANCE Introducing plant-derived polymerizable MABet monomer into dental restorative resins is an effective strategy for producing antibacterial dental materials with superior physicochemical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Gariani RA, Wodtke F, Boll FG, Xavier FR, Meier MM. New dimethacrylate monomers based on phenolphthalein and resveratrol for the application of dental materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105701. [PMID: 36774763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Potential estrogenic effects and changes in fertility are some of the health problems associated with bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives used to produce some polymers, including dental materials that contain Bis-GMA. Those issues drove this study proposing the synthesis of methacrylate resveratrol and phenolphthalein monomers that, combined with diluent monomers, generate copolymers. Their key characteristics were determined and analyzed on the chemical structure-property perspective considering monomer planarity and flexibility based on molecular dynamic simulations. METHODS Methacrylate resveratrol ((E)-5-(4-(methacryloyloxy)styryl)-1,3-phenylenebis(2-methylacrylate)), EMPM) and methacrylate phenolphthalein ((3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1,1-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene)bis(2-methylacrylate)), DIFPM) were synthesized through the reaction of precursors with methacryloyl chloride. After monomers purification and spectroscopic characterization (FTIR and NMR), the following copolymers were produced: DIFPM/TEGDMA and Bis-GMA/TEGDMA, EMPM/HEMA and Bis-GMA/HEMA. Microhardness, degree of conversion, water sorption and contact angle data were statistically analyzed through one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The DIFPM molecular structure's reduced flexibility proved to be an important factor to inhibit TEGDMA cyclization. In turn, the EMPM molecule's high planarity modified the spatial organization of the HEMA copolymer, altering the water diffusion and, therefore, the water sorption when compared to Bis-GMA copolymers. CONCLUSION The scientific findings contribute to better understand the effect of monomer chemical structures, molecular geometry, and planarity on some physicochemical properties of copolymers. Knowledge that can contribute to the design of new monomers to replace Bis-GMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Aparecido Gariani
- Laboratório de Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Wodtke
- Laboratório de Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Fabrine Gaedke Boll
- Laboratório de Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Fernando Roberto Xavier
- Laboratório de Síntese e Catálise - SINCA, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil
| | - Marcia Margarete Meier
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Polímeros - NIPOL, Department of Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Joinville, SC 89219-710, Brazil.
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He J, Lassila L, Garoushi S, Vallittu P. Tailoring the monomers to overcome the shortcomings of current dental resin composites - review. Biomater Investig Dent 2023; 10:2191621. [PMID: 37090482 PMCID: PMC10120559 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2191621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) have become the first choice among different restorative materials for direct anterior and posterior restorations in the clinic. Though the properties of DRCs have been improved greatly in recent years, they still have several shortcomings, such as volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress, biofilm development, lack of radio-opacity for some specific DRCs, and estrogenicity, which need to be overcome. The resin matrix, composed of different monomers, constitutes the continuous phase and determine the performance of DRCs. Thus, the chemical structure of the monomers plays an important role in modifying the properties of DRCs. Numerous researchers have taken to design and develop novel monomers with specific functions for the purpose of fulfilling the needs in dentistry. In this review, the development of monomers in DRCs were highlighted, especially focusing on strategies aimed at reducing volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress, endowing bacteriocidal and antibacterial adhesion activities as well as protein-repelling activity, increasing radio-opacity, and replacing Bis-GMA. The influences of these novel monomers on the properties of DRCs were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- CONTACT Jingwei He College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of South-West Finland, Turku, Finland
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Zhang X, Ma X, Liao M, Liu F, Wei Q, Shi Z, Mai S, He J. Properties of Bis-GMA free bulk-filled resin composite based on high refractive index monomer Bis-EFMA. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jia X, Mao X, Zhou Y, Guo X, Huai N, Hu Y, Sun L, Guo J, Zhang Z. Antiestrogenic property of 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BPEF) and its effects on female development in CD-1 mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113906. [PMID: 35878500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identifying chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties linked to disease outcomes is a key concern, as stated in the WHO-UNEP 2012 report on endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The chemical 9,9-bis[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene (BPEF) is widely and increasingly applied in synthesizing fluorene-based cardo polymers with superior optical, thermal and mechanical properties for various uses. However, little toxicological information is available regarding its safety. Here, we studied the endocrine disrupting property of BPEF by multiple toxicological tools and investigated its effects on female development in adolescent mice. Using the yeast two-hybrid bioassay, BPEF showed strong antiestrogenicity which was similar to that of tamoxifen, an effective antiestrogenic drug. In adolescent CD-1 mice, BPEF significantly decreased the uterine weight at relatively low doses and induced marked endometrial atrophy. Immunohistochemical staining and transcriptome analyses of the mice uteri revealed that BPEF could repressed the expressions of estrogen-responsive genes. Molecular simulation indicated that BPEF could be docked into the antagonist pocket of human estrogen receptor α, and the formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between BPEF and the active site of receptor maintained their strong binding. All of the data demonstrated that BPEF possessed strong antiestrogenic property and might disrupt female development, suggesting it should be avoided in making products that might directly expose to people, particularly immature women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jia
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingtai Mao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Narma Huai
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Hu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Libei Sun
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jilong Guo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Sun Y, Sun L, Hong L, Li J, Tang S, Zhao C. Bio-based Non-estrogenic Dimethacrylate Dental Composite from Cloves. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1613-1619. [PMID: 35923076 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221109498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), as an endocrine disruptor derived from petroleum-based chemicals, has been prohibited by several regulatory agencies for use in a wide variety of consumer products. For the sake of reducing human exposure to BPA derivatives and in the context of sustainability, it is far-reaching to develop high-performance and low-toxic materials from bountiful biomass sources. The objective of this work was to synthesize 2 bio-based dimethacrylate monomers, 2,2'-dially-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,5'-diglycerolate acrylatediphenylmethane (BEF-EA) and 2,2'-dially-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,5'-diglycerolate methacrylatediphenylmethane (BEF-GMA), using eugenol as the raw material. The estrogenic activity of bio-based bisphenol 2,2'-dially-4,4'-dimethoxy-5,5'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane (BEF) was evaluated and compared with estrogen and commercial bisphenols. After photopolymerization of the di(meth)acrylates diluted with tri(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), bio-based visible light-curing materials were prepared, and their properties were systematically investigated. Notably, di(meth)acrylates BEF-GMA and BEF-EA derived from these nonestrogenic bio-based phenols exhibited improved biocompatibility and low viscosity (down to 220-280 Pa.s). BEF-GMA and BEF-EA resin matrix exhibits lower volumetric polymerization shrinkage (about 8.5%), high photopolymerization reactivity (>50% in 60 s), and mechanical properties (fracture energy >5.5 N mm; flexural strength of 87-91 MPa, etc), which were comparable or superior to commercial Bis-GMA. The respective bio-based composites still exhibit adequate properties. Therefore, introducing eugenol-based visible light-curable dimethacrylate monomers into dental materials is a potential strategy to establish green sustainability and biocompatible dental materials without BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - L Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - L Hong
- Endodontics Department of Stomatological Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - S Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Liao M, Liu F, Huang X, Mai S, He J. Preparation of Bis-GMA free dental resin composites with anti-adhesion effect against Streptococcus mutans using synthesized fluorine-containing methacrylate (DFMA). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 131:105263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Pérez‐Mondragón AA, Trejo‐Carbajal N, Cuevas‐Suárez CE, Donado F, Herrera‐González AM. Effect of replacing UDMA by a new tetramethacrylate monomer on the properties of dental resin composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Antonia Pérez‐Mondragón
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Nayely Trejo‐Carbajal
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Carlos E. Cuevas‐Suárez
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales Dentales, Área Académica de Odontología, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
| | - Fernando Donado
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo‐AAMF Pachuca Mexico
| | - Ana M. Herrera‐González
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo Pachuca Mexico
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De Angelis F, Sarteur N, Buonvivere M, Vadini M, Šteffl M, D'Arcangelo C. Meta-analytical analysis on components released from resin-based dental materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6015-6041. [PMID: 35870020 PMCID: PMC9525379 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resin-based materials are applied in every branch of dentistry. Due to their tendency to release substances in the oral environment, doubts have been raised about their actual safety. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the last decade literature regarding the concentrations of elutable substances released from dental resin-based materials in different type of solvents. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the literature published on dental journals between January 2010 and April 2022 was searched using international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Due to strict inclusion criteria, only 23 papers out of 877 were considered eligible. The concentration of eluted substances related to surface and volume of the sample was analyzed, considering data at 24 h as a reference. The total cumulative release was examined as well. RESULTS The most eluted substances were HEMA, TEGDMA, and BPA, while the less eluted were Bis-GMA and UDMA. Organic solvents caused significantly higher release of substances than water-based ones. A statistically significant inverse correlation between the release of molecules and their molecular mass was observed. A statistically significant positive correlation between the amount of released molecule and the specimen surface area was detected, as well as a weak positive correlation between the release and the specimen volume. CONCLUSIONS Type of solvent, molecular mass of eluates, and specimen surface and volume affect substances release from materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It could be advisable to rely on materials based on monomers with a reduced elution tendency for clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Angelis
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nela Sarteur
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Buonvivere
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Vadini
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michal Šteffl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Unit of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Dentistry, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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14
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Sun Y, Zhou Z, Jiang H, Duan Y, Li J, Liu X, Hong L, Zhao C. Preparation and evaluation of novel bio-based Bis-GMA-free dental composites with low estrogenic activity. Dent Mater 2021; 38:281-293. [PMID: 34955233 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although bisphenol Aglycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) are widely used in the dental composite, its raw materials include the petroleum-based product bisphenol A (BPA) with high estrogenic activity (EA). In this study, two new BPA-free dimethacrylate monomers from bio-based material creosol were synthesized and evaluated. METHODS The renewable bisphenol monomer 5, 5'-methylenedicreosol (BCF) was prepared from bio-based material creosol. By the human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) proliferation assay, a risk assessment of BCF was performed to determine if BCF possessed reduced EA in comparison to BPA. Then, the novel monomers 5, 5'-methylenedicreosol diglycidyl ether diacrylate (BCF-EA) and 5, 5'-methylenedicreosol diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate (BCF-GMA) were synthesized from BCF with epichlorohydrin and (meth)acrylate. All products were investigated by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectra. The control resin was a mixture based on Bis-GMA and tri(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) with a weight ratio of 5:5 (5B5T). Similarly, experimental resin matrix was a mixture based on BCF-EA/TEGDMA (5E5T) and BCF-GMA/TEGDMA (5G5T). And their corresponding composites were then prepared with corresponding resin matrices and hybrid SiO2 (5E5TC, 5G5TC and 5B5TC). The properties of these composites were investigated according to the standard or referenced methods. Each sample was evaluated for double bond conversion (DC), shrinkage stress (SS) and volumetric polymerization shrinkage (VS). Water sorption (WS), water solubility (SL), mechanical properties and cytotoxicity were also measured. RESULTS 1H NMR and FT-IR spectra confirmed the chemical structure of each monomer. EA test revealed that bio-based bisphenol monomer BCF as the precursor of BCF-EA and BCF-GMA showed lower EA than BPA. Cured resin matrix: Both 5E5T and 5G5T had nearly the same DC (p < 0.05), which was higher than 5B5T (p < 0.05); 5E5T and 5G5T had lower VS, SL and cytotoxicity than 5B5T (p < 0.05); mechanical properties of 5E5T and 5G5T were all better than those of 5B5T (p < 0.05). Cured composite: There was no significant difference in conversion (p < 0.05); 5E5TC and 5G5TC had significantly lower VS (p < 0.05); WS of 5E5TC and 5G5TC were similar (p < 0.05), but higher compared to 5B5TC (p < 0.05); 5E5TC and 5G5TC had the deeper depth of cure (p > 0.05); before water immersion, there was no significant difference in flexural strength between 5E5TC and 5G5TC (p > 0.05), and higher than 5B5TC (p < 0.05); 5E5TC and 5G5TC showed less cytotoxicity than 5B5TC (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The new BPA-free di(meth)acrylates are promising photocurable dental monomers owning to bio-based raw material, high degree of conversion coupled with low curing shrinkage and good mechanical properties. Therefore, BCF-EA and BCF-GMA has a potential to be used as the substitution for Bis-GMA to prepare Bis-GMA-free dental composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zeying Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yuting Duan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jialin Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Department of Prosthodontic Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Lihua Hong
- Endodontics Department of Stomatological Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Chengji Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Composite Resins on Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185225. [PMID: 34576450 PMCID: PMC8468467 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of five commercially available dental composite resins (CRs), investigating the effect of their quantifiable bisphenol-A-glycidyl-methacrylate (Bis-GMA) and/or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) release. Experiments were performed using the method of soaking extracts, which were derived from the immersion of the following CRs in the culture medium: Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2, GrandioSO, and Enamel-plus-HRi (Bis-GMA-based); Enamel-BioFunction and VenusDiamond (Bis-GMA-free). Human Gingival Fibroblasts (hGDFs) were employed as the cellular model to mimic in vitro the oral cavity milieu, where CRs simultaneously release various components. Cell metabolic activity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were used as cellular outcomes. Results showed that only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi significantly affected the hGDF cell metabolic activity. In accordance with this, although no CR-derived extract induced a significantly detectable oxidative stress, only VenusDiamond and Enamel-plus-HRi induced significant genotoxicity. Our findings showed, for the CRs employed, a cytotoxic and genotoxic potential that did not seem to depend only on the actual Bis-GMA or TEGDMA content. Enamel-BioFunction appeared optimal in terms of cytotoxicity, and similar findings were observed for Clearfil-Majesty-ES-2 despite their different Bis-GMA/TEGDMA release patterns. This suggested that simply excluding one specific monomer from the CR formulation might not steadily turn out as a successful approach for improving their biocompatibility.
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16
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Zhao Y, He X, Wang H, Zhu J, Wang H, Zheng Y, Zhu S, Cui Z. Synthesis of an urushiol derivative and its use for hydrolysis resistance in dentin adhesive. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18448-18457. [PMID: 35480923 PMCID: PMC9033433 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysis resistance is essential to the durability of the dentin bonding interface. Urushiol is a natural monomer that has been used in different fields over thousands of years but has the disadvantage of a long drying time. In this study, we evaluated a novel photocurable derivative of urushiol as the main monomer for polymerization in dentin adhesive and its effect on hydrolysis resistance. The derivative was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compared with the Adper Single Bond 2, the experimentally synthesized adhesives had higher contact angles. In particular, the water sorption/solubility of the experimental samples were significantly lower than that of Adper Single Bond 2. The microtensile bond strengths of the test groups were higher than that of the control group, even after 5000 thermocycles. Cytotoxicity test results showed that adhesives based on the original derivative induced low toxicity to L929 cells. The results of this study may shift the focus of future research to natural monomers and even their derivatives which may perform well in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Jiufu Zhu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Zhanchen Cui
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
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Tong H, Yu X, Shi Z, Liu F, Yu Y, Deng F, He J. Physicochemical properties, bond strength and dual-species biofilm inhibition effect of dental resin composites with branched silicone methacrylate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104368. [PMID: 33545416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) with 15 wt% (EC-15%) and 20 wt% (EC-20%) synthesized branched silicone methacrylate (BSM) in resin matrix have showed anti-adhesion effect against Streptococcus mutans. With the aim to evaluate the BSM containing DRCs further, water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), mechanical properties before and after water immersion, anti-adhesion effect against dual-species, bonding strength to adhesive treated dentin, and cytotoxicity of BSM containing DRCs were investigated. DRC without BSM was used as control. The WS and SL were obtained until the mass variation of composite in distilled water kept stable. Three-point bending test was used to evaluate flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM) of composite before and after water immersion. Mixture of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus was used to study the anti-adhesion effect against dual-species. Bonding strength of composite to adhesive treated dentin was measured through macro-shear test. Extract of composite was used to evaluate its cytotoxicity effect on L-929 mouse fibroblasts, and cell viability was obtained by MTT assay. The results showed that EC-15% and EC-20% had similar WS and SL as control (p < 0.05); After water immersion, FS and FM of all composites decreased (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in value of FS and FM between different groups (p > 0.05); More bacteria were recovered from the surface of control than those from the surface of EC-15% and EC-20% (p < 0.05); Extract of EC-15% was less cytotoxic (higher cell viability) than those EC-20% and control (p < 0.05). All of results revealed that incorporation of 15 wt% or 20 wt% BSM in resin matrix could endow DRC with inhibition effect on dual-species biofilm formation without impairing physiochemical properties, bonding strength to adhesive treated dentin, and cytotoxicity of DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Jingwei He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Bai X, Lin C, Wang Y, Ma J, Wang X, Yao X, Tang B. Preparation of Zn doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Zn-MSNs) for the improvement of mechanical and antibacterial properties of dental resin composites. Dent Mater 2020; 36:794-807. [PMID: 32349876 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to explore the enhancement effect of zinc doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Zn-MSNs), which could form micromechanical interlocking with resin matrix and sustainably release Zn2+, on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of the dental resin composites. METHODS Zn-MSNs were prepared by a sol-gel method, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and N2 adsorption/desorption. The mechanical properties of the dental composites reinforced by Zn-MSNs were measured by a universal mechanical testing machine. Antibacterial activities of dental composites were evaluated by both qualitative and quantitative analysis using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). The cytotoxicity of the Zn-MSNs filled dental composites was investigated by osteoblasts (OBs). RESULTS The synthesized Zn-MSNs possessed good monodispersity with an average particle size of about 138nm. The mechanical properties of the composites gradually increased with the increase of the content of Zn-MSNs. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength and micro-hardness of the composites containing 15wt% Zn-MSNs were 31.21%, 50.47%, 53.83% and 26.79% higher than the samples with no Zn-MSNs, respectively. The antibacterial performance was significantly improved by the addition of Zn-MSNs and the antibacterial rate of the composite with 15wt% of Zn-MSNs reached 100%. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that all the composites were biocompatible during OBs incubation. SIGNIFICANCE The prepared Zn-MSNs can effectively improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of the dental resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Bai
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaohong Yao
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan 030024, China
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19
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Pérez-Mondragón AA, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Suárez Castillo OR, González-López JA, Herrera-González AM. Evaluation of biocompatible monomers as substitutes for TEGDMA in resin-based dental composites. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 93:80-87. [PMID: 30274114 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This works reports the synthesis and characterization of diallyl(5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene) dicarbonate (HMFBA) and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene bis(2-methylacrylate) (HMFBM) monomers and its evaluation as Bis-GMA eluents in the formulation of composite resins for dental use. The experimental materials formulated with HMFBA and HMFBM monomers presented flexural strength values similar to those of the control group formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA. Regarding volumetric contraction percentage, the values obtained of experimental materials with HMFBA was 1.88% and for HMFBM was 4.15%, both lower than control resin (4.68%). In the case of double bond conversion, the resin formulated with HMFBA monomer exhibited a greater degree of conversion (87%). Besides, the DMA analyses proved that the values for Tg guarantee a good mechanical performance at body temperature. The new resins formulated with HMFBA and HMFBM monomers exhibit a cellular viability close to 100%, which indicates the absence of cytotoxicity towards fibroblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma A Pérez-Mondragón
- Doctorado en Ciencias de los Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, 4.5 Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - Carlos E Cuevas-Suárez
- Área Académica de Odontología, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Circuito ex-Hacienda la Concepción Km, 1.5 San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo C.P. 42160, Mexico
| | - Oscar R Suárez Castillo
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, 4.5 Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - J Abraham González-López
- Doctorado en Ciencias de los Materiales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, 4.5 Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - Ana M Herrera-González
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km, 4.5 Colonia Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico.
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