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Lucena FSD, Logan M, Lewis S, Deatherage N, Furuse AY, Pfeifer CS. A novel low shrinkage dimethacrylate monomer as an alternative to BisGMA for adhesive and resin-based composite applications. Braz Oral Res 2024; 38:e097. [PMID: 39356904 PMCID: PMC11441822 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a mixture of dimethacrylate isomers (PG6EMA) as a potential monomer for dental adhesives and composites. PG6EMA was synthesized de novo and characterized in the presence of ethanol (3%, 6% or 9%). BisGMA/TEGDMA (BTEG, 50/50 wt.%) was used as the resin control. Composites were formulated with 60 wt.% of either PG6EMA or BisGMA (40 wt.% TEGDMA and 70 wt.% filler). DMPA (0.2 wt.%) and DPI-PF6 (0.4 wt.%) were added as photoinitiators, irradiated with a mercury arc lamp (320-500 nm, 500 mW/cm2; Acticure). All materials were tested for polymerization kinetics (near-infrared), viscosity (η) and storage modulus (G', oscillatory rheometry). The composites were further characterized for water sorption/solubility, wet/dry flexural strength/modulus and polymerization stress. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The PG6EMA resins showed lower rates of polymerization compared with BTEG (p = 0.001) but high degrees of conversion (p = 0.002). Solvent concentration did not affect RPMAX but the 6% and 9% mixtures showed higher final DC, likely due to reduced viscosity. PG6EMA had much higher viscosity than BTEG (p <0.001) and lower G' (p = 0.003). Composites modified with PG6EMA have slower polymerization rates (p = 0.001) but higher final DC (p = 0.04) than the control. PG6EMA/TEGDMA showed lower dry/wet flexural strength and comparable dry modulus. The PG6EMA/TEGDMA composite showed a 18.4% polymerization stress reduction compared to the BTEG composite. Both base monomers had similar WS/SL and G'. Within its limitations, this study demonstrated that the newly synthesized PG6EMA was a viable alternative to BisGMA in dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Sandes de Lucena
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Matthew Logan
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Portland, OR, EUA
| | - Steven Lewis
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Portland, OR, EUA
| | - Neil Deatherage
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Portland, OR, EUA
| | - Adilson Yoshio Furuse
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Portland, OR, EUA
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Li H, Huang J, Zhang H, Hang R, Wang Y. Preparation of Al-doped mesoporous silica spheres (Al-MSSs) for the improvement of mechanical properties and aging resistance of dental resin composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 157:106624. [PMID: 38861785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to synthesize Al-doped mesoporous silica spheres (Al-MSSs) and evaluate the effect of them as functional fillers on the mechanical properties and aging resistance of dental resin composites. METHODS Al-MSSs were prepared by a two-step method. The effect of Al-MSSs on the performance of the composites was evaluated using neat resin matrix, commercial composites 3M Z350XT and samples containing mesoporous silica spheres (MSSs) and nonporous silica spheres (NSSs) as control. The neat resin matrix consisted of resin monomer (Bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 49.5/49.5, wt%) and photoinitiator (camphor quinone/Ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 0.2/0.8, wt%). The mechanical properties (flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength and microhardness) of them were evaluated by a universal testing machine and microhardness tester. The mechanical stabilities of the prepared composites in wet environment were evaluated by immersing them in deionized water at 37 °C. In addition, we evaluated the effect of Al-MSSs on other properties of the dental resin composites such as polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion, curing depth, contact angle, water sorption and solubility according to ISO 4049: 2019. RESULTS The synthesized Al-MSSs possessed good dispersibility with an average particle size of about 505 ± 16 nm. The mechanical properties of resin composites gradually increased with the increase of the loading amounts of inorganic fillers. The reinforcing effect of Al-MSSs was similar to that of MSSs and better than that of the NSSs groups at the same filler loading. After aging in deionized water at 37 °C for 30 days, the mechanical properties of all resin composites decreased. However, the decrease percentage of the composites filled with Al-MSSs was significantly lower than the other groups, indicating that the stability of the dental composites in wet environments was significantly improved by the Al-MSSs fillers. Furthermore, Al-MSSs had no obvious influence on the biocompatibility and other properties of dental resins. SIGNIFICANCE The prepared Al-MSSs could effectively improve the mechanical properties and aging resistance without sacrificing other physic-chemical properties of dental resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhu Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Ruiqiang Hang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Biomedical Metal Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Road, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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Francois P, Attal JP, Fasham T, Troizier-Cheyne M, Gouze H, Abdel-Gawad S, Le Goff S, Dursun E, Ceinos R. Flexural Properties, Wear Resistance, and Microstructural Analysis of Highly Filled Flowable Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2024; 49:597-607. [PMID: 39169507 DOI: 10.2341/24-033-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the flexural properties and two-body wear resistance of nine highly filled flowable resin composites relative to those of viscous and conventional low-filled flowable composites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the microstructures was performed. METHODS AND MATERIALS For each resin composite group (n=12), 12 specimen bars (25 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated using a silicon mold for performing flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (E), flexural toughness (FT), Weibull modulus (m) tests, and SEM microstructural analysis. For each group, ten bars were tested using a three-point flexural test on a universal testing machine, while the other two were embedded in acrylic resin before being observed by SEM for structural analysis. During the two-body wear test with a chewing simulator, 8 specimens (12 groups, n=8) of each resin composite group were manufactured in a specific mold and subjected to 120,000 cycles of wear against a steatite ball, and the depth loss was measured. Three one-way ANOVA tests followed by Tukey's post hoc tests were conducted to compare the flexural and wear properties among the different groups. RESULTS The majority of highly filled composites tested in this study exhibited similar flexural strengths (between 105.68 MPa and 135.49 MPa) and superior wear resistance to those of viscous composites. The flexural moduli (between 5.12 GPa and 9.62 GPa) of these composites were in between those of the viscous and low-filled composites tested in this study. CONCLUSIONS The highly filled flowable composites tested in this study exhibited different in vitro properties but were often superior to those of viscous resin composite suggesting their possible use for posterior restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Francois
- Philippe Francois, DDS, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit (URB2i), Paris Cité University; Bretonneau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J P Attal
- Jean-Pierre Attal, DDS, PhD, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit (URB2i), Paris Cité University; Charles Foix Hospital, Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - T Fasham
- Timothy Fasham, DDS, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit (URB2i), Paris Cité University; Bretonneau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - M Troizier-Cheyne
- Max Troizier-Cheyne, DDS, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit (URB2i), Paris Cité University; Bretonneau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - H Gouze
- Hélène Gouze, MD, Department of Rheumatology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Boulogne, France; Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health U1808, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - S Abdel-Gawad
- Sarah Abdel-Gawad, EMSE, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit (URB2i), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - S Le Goff
- Stéphane Le Goff, EMSE, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit (URB2i), Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - E Dursun
- Elisabeth Dursun, DDS, PhD, Faculty of Dental Surgery, Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit (URB2i), Paris Cité University; Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - R Ceinos
- *Romain Ceinos, DDS, PhD, faculty of Dental Surgery, Restorative Department, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France; hospital practitioner, Institute of Bucco-Dental Medicine, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France; Innovative Dental Materials and Interfaces Research Unit (URB2i), Paris-Cité, France
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Demirel E, Korkmaz B, Chang Y, Misra A, Tamerler C, Spencer P. Engineering Interfacial Integrity with Hydrolytic-Resistant, Self-Reinforcing Dentin Adhesive. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7061. [PMID: 39000170 PMCID: PMC11241055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of composite restoration failure is secondary caries, and although caries is a multifactorial problem, weak, damage-prone adhesives play a pivotal role in the high susceptibility of composite restorations to secondary caries. Our group has developed synthetic resins that capitalize on free-radical polymerization and sol-gel reactions to provide dental adhesives with enhanced properties. The resins contain γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as the Si-based compound. This study investigated the properties of methacrylate-based resins containing methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane (MMeS) as a short-chain alternative. The degree of conversion (DC), polymerization kinetics, water sorption, mechanical properties, and leachates of MMeS- and MPS-resins with 55 and 30 wt% BisGMA-crosslinker were determined. The formulations were used as model adhesives, and the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interfaces were analyzed using chemometrics-assisted micro-Raman spectroscopy. The properties of the 55 wt% formulations were comparable. In the 30 wt% BisGMA formulations, the MMeS-resin exhibited faster polymerization, lower DC, reduced leachates, and increased storage and loss moduli, glass transition (Tg), crosslink density, and heterogeneity. The spectroscopic results indicated a comparable spatial distribution of resin, mineralized, and demineralized dentin across the a/d interfaces. The hydrolytically stable experimental short-chain-silane-monomer dental adhesive provides enhanced mechanical properties through autonomous strengthening and offers a promising strategy for the development of restorative dental materials with extended service life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Demirel
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
| | - Burak Korkmaz
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Youngwoo Chang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174-1630, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7608, USA
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Pidhatika B, Widyaya VT, Nalam PC, Swasono YA, Ardhani R. Surface Modifications of High-Performance Polymer Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to Improve Its Biological Performance in Dentistry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245526. [PMID: 36559893 PMCID: PMC9787615 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review focuses on polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a synthetic thermoplastic polymer, for applications in dentistry. As a high-performance polymer, PEEK is intrinsically robust yet biocompatible, making it an ideal substitute for titanium-the current gold standard in dentistry. PEEK, however, is also inert due to its low surface energy and brings challenges when employed in dentistry. Inert PEEK often falls short of achieving a few critical requirements of clinical dental materials, such as adhesiveness, osseoconductivity, antibacterial properties, and resistance to tribocorrosion. This study aims to review these properties and explore the various surface modification strategies that enhance the performance of PEEK. Literatures searches were conducted on Google Scholar, Research Gate, and PubMed databases using PEEK, polyetheretherketone, osseointegration of PEEK, PEEK in dentistry, tribology of PEEK, surface modifications, dental applications, bonding strength, surface topography, adhesive in dentistry, and dental implant as keywords. Literature on the topics of surface modification to increase adhesiveness, tribology, and osseointegration of PEEK were included in the review. The unavailability of full texts was considered when excluding literature. Surface modifications via chemical strategies (such as sulfonation, plasma treatment, UV treatment, surface coating, surface polymerization, etc.) and/or physical approaches (such as sandblasting, laser treatment, accelerated neutral atom beam, layer-by-layer assembly, particle leaching, etc.) discussed in the literature are summarized and compared. Further, approaches such as the incorporation of bioactive materials, e.g., osteogenic agents, antibacterial agents, etc., to enhance the abovementioned desired properties are explored. This review presents surface modification as a critical and essential approach to enhance the biological performance of PEEK in dentistry by retaining its mechanical robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhari Pidhatika
- Research Center for Polymer Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia PRTPL BRIN Indonesia, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
- Collaborative Research Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic Indonesia and Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Denta No. 1, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Vania Tanda Widyaya
- Research Center for Polymer Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia PRTPL BRIN Indonesia, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
| | - Prathima C. Nalam
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1900, USA
| | - Yogi Angga Swasono
- Research Center for Polymer Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia PRTPL BRIN Indonesia, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
| | - Retno Ardhani
- Department of Dental Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Denta No. 1, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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Gouveia Z, Finer Y, Santerre JP. Towards the development of biostable dental resin systems - design criteria and constraints beyond ester-free chemistries. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1827-1840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bompolaki D, Lubisich EB, Fugolin AP. Resin-Based Composites for Direct and Indirect Restorations: Clinical Applications, Recent Advances, and Future Trends. Dent Clin North Am 2022; 66:517-536. [PMID: 36216444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous advancements in resin-based composites can make selection of the appropriate system a daunting task for the clinician. This review aims to simplify this process and clarify some new or controversial topics. Various types of composites for direct and indirect applications are discussed, including microfilled and microhybrid composites, nanocomposites, single shade, bulk fill, fiber-reinforced, high temperature/high pressure processed, CAD/CAM, and three-dimensional printable composites. Recent material advancements that lead to improved seal and toughness, degradation resistance, antimicrobial and self-healing capabilities are presented. Future directions are highlighted, such as the development of "smart" materials that are able to interact with the host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Bompolaki
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | - Erinne Bissonnette Lubisich
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ana Paula Fugolin
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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German MJ. Developments in resin-based composites. Br Dent J 2022; 232:638-643. [PMID: 35562465 PMCID: PMC9106574 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
With the phasing down of dental amalgam use in response to the Minamata Convention, it is likely that resin-based composite restoratives will be the dental material of choice for the direct restoration of compromised dentition in the UK, at least for the foreseeable future. The current materials have a finite lifespan, with failures predominately due to either secondary caries or fracture. Consequently, there is considerable in vitro research reported each year with the intention of producing improved materials. This review describes the recent research in materials designed to have low polymerisation shrinkage and increased mechanical properties. Also described is research into materials that are either antimicrobial or are designed to release ions into the surrounding oral environment, with the aim of stimulating remineralisation of the surrounding dental tissues. It is hoped that by describing this recent research, clinicians will be able to gain some understanding of the current research that will potentially lead to new products that they can use to improve patient treatment in the future. Provides an overview of recent research developments aimed at improving the performance of resin-based composites. Details the recent developments in monomers and fillers to produce resin-based composites that either have lower polymerisation shrinkage or better mechanical properties compared to current commercially available products. Describes recent research on developing resin-based composites that can act as potential sources of antimicrobial or remineralising agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J German
- School of Dental Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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