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Rahimnejad M, Makkar H, Dal-Fabbro R, Malda J, Sriram G, Bottino MC. Biofabrication Strategies for Oral Soft Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304537. [PMID: 38529835 PMCID: PMC11254569 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Gingival recession, a prevalent condition affecting the gum tissues, is characterized by the exposure of tooth root surfaces due to the displacement of the gingival margin. This review explores conventional treatments, highlighting their limitations and the quest for innovative alternatives. Importantly, it emphasizes the critical considerations in gingival tissue engineering leveraging on cells, biomaterials, and signaling factors. Successful tissue-engineered gingival constructs hinge on strategic choices such as cell sources, scaffold design, mechanical properties, and growth factor delivery. Unveiling advancements in recent biofabrication technologies like 3D bioprinting, electrospinning, and microfluidic organ-on-chip systems, this review elucidates their precise control over cell arrangement, biomaterials, and signaling cues. These technologies empower the recapitulation of microphysiological features, enabling the development of gingival constructs that closely emulate the anatomical, physiological, and functional characteristics of native gingival tissues. The review explores diverse engineering strategies aiming at the biofabrication of realistic tissue-engineered gingival grafts. Further, the parallels between the skin and gingival tissues are highlighted, exploring the potential transfer of biofabrication approaches from skin tissue regeneration to gingival tissue engineering. To conclude, the exploration of innovative biofabrication technologies for gingival tissues and inspiration drawn from skin tissue engineering look forward to a transformative era in regenerative dentistry with improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renan Dal-Fabbro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jos Malda
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhang H, Li L, Wang S, Sun X, Luo C, Hou B. Construction of dentin-on-a-chip based on microfluidic technology and tissue engineering. J Dent 2024; 146:105028. [PMID: 38719135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems perform better in resembling tissue or organism structures compared with traditional 2D models. Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are becoming more efficient 3D models. This study aimed to create a novel simplified dentin-on-a-chip using microfluidic chip technology and tissue engineering for screening dental materials. METHODOLOGY A microfluidic device with three channels was designed for creating 3D dental tissue constructs using stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). The study investigated the effect of varying cell densities and GelMA concentrations on the layer features formed within the microfluidic chip. Cell viability and distribution were evaluated through live/dead staining and nuclei/F-actin staining. The osteo/odontogenic potential was assessed through ALP staining and Alizarin red staining. The impact of GelMA concentrations (5 %, 10 %) on the osteo/odontogenic differentiation trajectory of SCAP was also studied. RESULTS The 3D tissue constructs maintained high viability and favorable spreading within the microfluidic chip for 3-7 days. A cell seeding density of 2 × 104 cells/μL was found to be the most optimal choice, ensuring favorable cell proliferation and even distribution. GelMA concentrations of 5 % and 10 % proved to be most effective for promoting cell growth and uniform distribution. Within the 5 % GelMA group, SCAP demonstrated higher osteo/odontogenic differentiation than that in the 10 % GelMA group. CONCLUSION In 3D culture, GelMA concentration was found to regulate the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP. The study recommends a seeding density of 2 × 104 cells/μL of SCAP within 5 % GelMA for constructing simplified dentin-on-a-chip. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study built up the 3D culture protocol, and induced odontogenic differentiation of SCAP, thus forming the simplified dentin-on-a-chip and paving the way to be used as a well-defined biological model for regenerative endodontics. It may serve as a potential testing platform for cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexuan Zhang
- Center for Microscope Enhanced Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100162, PR China; Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, PR China.
| | - Shujing Wang
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, PR China; The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Benxiang Hou
- Center for Microscope Enhanced Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100162, PR China.
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Shin YC, Than N, Park SJ, Kim HJ. Bioengineered human gut-on-a-chip for advancing non-clinical pharmaco-toxicology. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38849312 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2365254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a growing need for alternative models to advance current non-clinical experimental models because they often fail to accurately predict drug responses in human clinical trials. Human organ-on-a-chip models have emerged as promising approaches for advancing the predictability of drug behaviors and responses. AREAS COVERED We summarize up-to-date human gut-on-a-chip models designed to demonstrate intricate interactions involving the host, microbiome, and pharmaceutical compounds since these models have been reported a decade ago. This overview covers recent advances in gut-on-a-chip models as a bridge technology between non-clinical and clinical assessments of drug toxicity and metabolism. We highlight the promising potential of gut-on-a-chip platforms, offering a reliable and valid framework for investigating reciprocal crosstalk between the host, gut microbiome, and drug compounds. EXPERT OPINION Gut-on-a-chip platforms can attract multiple end users as predictive, human-relevant, and non-clinical model. Notably, gut-on-a-chip platforms provide a unique opportunity to recreate a human intestinal microenvironment, including dynamic bowel movement, luminal flow, oxygen gradient, host-microbiome interactions, and disease-specific manipulations restricted in animal and in vitro cell culture models. Additionally, given the profound impact of the gut microbiome on pharmacological bioprocess, it is critical to leverage breakthroughs of gut-on-a-chip technology to address knowledge gaps and drive innovations in predictive drug toxicology and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nam Than
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Fu X, Kim HS. Dentin Mechanobiology: Bridging the Gap between Architecture and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5642. [PMID: 38891829 PMCID: PMC11171917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is remarkable how teeth maintain their healthy condition under exceptionally high levels of mechanical loading. This suggests the presence of inherent mechanical adaptation mechanisms within their structure to counter constant stress. Dentin, situated between enamel and pulp, plays a crucial role in mechanically supporting tooth function. Its intermediate stiffness and viscoelastic properties, attributed to its mineralized, nanofibrous extracellular matrix, provide flexibility, strength, and rigidity, enabling it to withstand mechanical loading without fracturing. Moreover, dentin's unique architectural features, such as odontoblast processes within dentinal tubules and spatial compartmentalization between odontoblasts in dentin and sensory neurons in pulp, contribute to a distinctive sensory perception of external stimuli while acting as a defensive barrier for the dentin-pulp complex. Since dentin's architecture governs its functions in nociception and repair in response to mechanical stimuli, understanding dentin mechanobiology is crucial for developing treatments for pain management in dentin-associated diseases and dentin-pulp regeneration. This review discusses how dentin's physical features regulate mechano-sensing, focusing on mechano-sensitive ion channels. Additionally, we explore advanced in vitro platforms that mimic dentin's physical features, providing deeper insights into fundamental mechanobiological phenomena and laying the groundwork for effective mechano-therapeutic strategies for dentinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Fu
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea;
- Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Mulder R, Noordien N, Potgieter N. Comparing cytocompatibility of two fluoride-containing solutions and two resin-based restorative materials-a pilot study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1330944. [PMID: 38650760 PMCID: PMC11033402 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1330944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cytocompatibility should always be considered, especially if the surface of treated carious lesions is close to soft tissue or is accidentally exposed to the oral soft tissue by the clinician. Methods The aim of the present study was to compare the cytocompatibility of two fluoride-containing liquids and two resin-containing restorative materials with buccal mucosa fibroblasts. The fluoride-containing materials were silver diamine fluoride and water-based silver fluoride. Results The statistical analysis was completed by comparing the positive control growth of the buccal mucosa fibroblasts to the growth of cells exposed to various materials. The one-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD result was completed. All the assessed materials compared to the control wells for both the 24 and 48 h time intervals indicated a significant cytocompatibility result, except for the test wells with Stela (SDI) at the 24 h time interval. There was no significant difference between the step 2 liquids and the two dental materials in cytocompatibility at the 24 h interval. All four materials indicated no significant differences between the cytocompatibility of any dental materials for 48 h. Conclusion The cytocompatibility assessment for Riva Star and Riva Star Aqua with the direct method in a full dispensing drop is not viable for step 1 of the fluoride-containing liquids. The use of Stela Light Cure is a suitable material that will be in contact with buccal mucosa as it showed potential for increased cytocompatibility compared to Riva Light Cure. Riva Star Aqua is more cytocompatible than Riva Star.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan Mulder
- Department of Prothodontic Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Naeemah Noordien
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicoline Potgieter
- Department of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Intajak P, Yuan Y, Sakaguchi N, Saikaew P, Eamsaard P, Matsumoto M, Sano H, Tomokiyo A. Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride on Bonding Performance and Ultra-morphological Characteristics to Sound Dentin. Dent Mater 2024; 40:e24-e32. [PMID: 38423937 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and ultra-morphological characteristic changes in sound dentin resulting from silver diamine fluoride (SDF) when using adhesives. METHODS Ninety-six extracted human third molars were divided into the SDF-contaminated dentin group and the sound dentin group. In the SDF-contaminated dentin group, 38% SDF was agitated for 1 min, left undisturbed for 2 min, and rinsed with distilled water for 30 s. Then, each group was further subdivided into six subgroups (n = 8 / group) according to application modes: self-etch mode (SE) and etch-and-rinse mode (ER) followed by three adhesives: (1) Scothbond Universal Plus Adhesive (SUP); (2) G2-Bond Universal Adhesive (G2B); and (3) Clearfil Mega Bond 2 (MB2). All specimens were restored with resin composite and were stored in distilled water for 24 h before μTBS testing. Data from the μTBS test were analyzed using Three-way ANOVA and Duncan test (p < 0.05). The morphology of fractured surface and adhesive-dentin interfaces were evaluated by SEM, TEM, and STEM. Further elemental analysis was done by EDX. RESULTS All SDF-contaminated dentin groups demonstrated significantly lower μTBS than sound dentin groups. All ER groups had higher μTBS than SE groups, except for G2B in the sound dentin group. STEM/EDX revealed an SDF-dentin-reacted layer in the SDF-contaminated dentin group. SIGNIFICANCE SDF had an adverse effect on adhesives. Additionally, ER mode is preferable when bonded to SDF-contaminated dentin. A calcium and fluoride-contained layer was observed in all SDF-contaminated dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papichaya Intajak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-080, Japan.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-080, Japan.
| | - Norihito Sakaguchi
- Center of Advanced Research of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Pipop Saikaew
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Road, Radchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pimpinee Eamsaard
- Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, 52/347, Muang-Ake Paholyothin Road, Lakhok 12000, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Mariko Matsumoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-080, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Sano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-080, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-080, Japan
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Wang S, Li Y, Wang Y, Huang J, Cai Z, Huang X. In vitro effect of Er: YAG laser irradiation in caries cavity preparation on biobehaviors of adjacent human dental pulp cells in the pulp chamber. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300332. [PMID: 38041248 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser has been successfully applied in caries removal; however, little is known about proper parameters of Er: YAG laser on different conditions of caries removal, especially the influence of Er: YAG irradiation on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Here, we tested the effects of Er: YAG laser at different output energy levels (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mJ) on biobehaviors of hDPCs. To simulate clinical deep caries conditions, hDPCs were cultured on the pulpal side of 500-μm-thick dentin disks in an in vitro pulp chamber model. Temperature change, structural change, and ablation depth of dentin disk were also recorded. The findings suggested that the biological behaviors of hDPCs are strongly correlated with the energy output of the Er: YAG laser. Er: YAG laser irradiation at 100 mJ may be proper and safe for deep caries removal since it would not cause any adverse effect on hDPCs biobehaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College & Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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López-García S, Sanz JL, Oñate-Sánchez RE, Forner L, García-Bernal D, Murcia L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Llena C. In vitro biocompatibility of ammonia-free silver fluoride products on human dental pulp stem cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102283. [PMID: 38113650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Silver fluoride (SF) is a preventive and therapeutic option for dental pathological processes involving structural alterations of the hard tissues, either during their formation or those caused by caries or other pathological reasons. This study aimed to compare the biological properties of two commercial SF products, one of them with ammonium (Riva Star; SDF) and the other ammonium-free (Riva Star Aqua; AgF), both with or without potassium iodide (KI), by the assessment of the cytotoxicity of the materials' eluates. METHODS Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were obtained from healthy 18-23-year-old donors. Three dilutions were prepared for the tested materials (0.005%, 0.0005%, and 0.0001%). The following groups were assessed: (AgF, AgF+KI, SDF, SDF+KI, KI, negative control). A series of cytocompatibility assays were performed: MTT assay, IC50 assay, wound healing (migration) assay, cell cytoskeleton staining, analysis of cell apoptosis and necrosis, and reactive oxygen species production. The normality in the distribution of the data was previously confirmed via a Q-Q plot. Statistical significance was tested using one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS The incorporation of KI improved the cytocompatibility of both SF products in terms of viability, migration, morphology, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. This difference was higher in the AgF group. The lowest dilutions of SF+KI and AgF+KI showed a similar cytocompatibility to that of the control group (MTT assay (p > 0.05 after 24, 48, and 72 h of culture); migration assay (p > 0.05 after 24, 48, and 72 h of culture); reactive oxygen species production (p > 0.05 after 72 h of culture). SIGNIFICANCE Riva Star Aqua shows lower cytotoxicity than Riva Star on hDPSCs. It can be considered as a good alternative in the conservative treatment of dental caries and in the preservation and remineralisation of viable dentine tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo E Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Pierfelice TV, D'Amico E, Petrini M, Romano M, D'Arcangelo C, Sbordone L, Barone A, Plebani R, Iezzi G. A Systematic Review on Organ-on-a-Chip in PDMS or Hydrogel in Dentistry: An Update of the Literature. Gels 2024; 10:102. [PMID: 38391432 PMCID: PMC10887950 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) are microfluidic devices constituted by PDMS or hydrogel in which different layers of cells are separated by a semipermeable membrane. This technology can set many parameters, like fluid shear stress, chemical concentration gradient, tissue-organ interface, and cell interaction. The use of these devices in medical research permits the investigation of cell patterning, tissue-material interface, and organ-organ interaction, mimicking the complex structures and microenvironment of human and animal bodies. This technology allows us to reconstitute in vitro complex conditions that recapitulate in vivo environments. One of the main advantages of these systems is that they represent a very realistic model that, in many cases, can replace animal experimentation, eliminating costs and related ethical issues. Organ-on-a-chip can also contain bacteria or cancer cells. This technology could be beneficial in dentistry for testing novel antibacterial substances and biomaterials, performing studies on inflammatory disease, or planning preclinical studies. A significant number of publications and reviews have been published on this topic. Still, to our knowledge, they mainly focus on the materials used for fabrication and the different patterns of the chip applied to the experimentations. This review presents the most recent applications of organ-on-a-chip models in dentistry, starting from the reconstituted dental tissues to their clinical applications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emira D'Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ludovico Sbordone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Barone
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathologies and of the Critical Needs, School of Dentistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Complex Unit of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Chepelova N, Antoshin A, Voloshin S, Usanova A, Efremov Y, Makeeva M, Evlashin S, Stepanov M, Turkina A, Timashev P. Oral Galvanism Side Effects: Comparing Alloy Ions and Galvanic Current Effects on the Mucosa-like Model. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:564. [PMID: 38132818 PMCID: PMC10744021 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14120564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of different dental alloys with the oral environment may cause severe side effects (e.g., burning sensation, inflammatory reactions, carcinogenesis) as a result of oral galvanism. However, the pathogenesis of side effects associated with oral galvanism is still unclear, and the effects of direct current and alloy corrosion ions are considered potentially contributing factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systemically compare the damaging effects of (1) galvanism as a synergistic process (direct current + corrosion ions), (2) direct current separately, and (3) corrosion ions separately on an in vitro mucosa-like model based on a cell line of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) to reveal the factors playing a pivotal role in dental alloys side effects. For this, we chose and compared the dental alloys with the highest risk of oral galvanism: Ti64-AgPd and NiCr-AgPd. We showed that galvanic current may be the leading damaging factor in the cytotoxic processes associated with galvanic coupling of metallic intraoral appliances in the oral cavity, especially in the short-term period (28 days). However, the contribution of corrosion ions (Ni2+) to the synergistic toxicity was also shown, and quite possibly, in the long term, it could be no less dangerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chepelova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Artem Antoshin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Sergei Voloshin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Anna Usanova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Yuri Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Maria Makeeva
- Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute for Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.)
- Conservative Dentistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Stanislav Evlashin
- Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Stepanov
- Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048, Russia;
| | - Anna Turkina
- Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute for Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
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11
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Fernandes LDO, Mendes Soares IP, Anselmi C, Pires MLBA, Ribeiro RADO, Peruchi V, de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Pulp cell response to the application of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on caries-like demineralized dentin. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7295-7306. [PMID: 37853265 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the response of pulp cells to the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) on demineralized dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The occlusal surfaces of human dentin discs (0.4 mm thick) with similar permeability were subjected to an artificial caries protocol, and then the discs were adapted into artificial pulp chambers. MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the healthy pulp dentin surface, while the demineralized surface was treated with SDF, KI, SDF + KI, or hydrogen peroxide (positive control-PC) (n = 8). The negative control (NC) received ultrapure water. After 24 h, cell viability (alamarBlue) and morphology (SEM) were evaluated. The extracts were then applied to new MDPC-23 cells seeded in culture plates to assess their viability and the formation of mineralized nodules (MN; Alizarin Red) after seven days. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance/Tukey or Games-Howell tests (α = 5%). RESULTS SDF and PC significantly reduced the viability of cells seeded on discs (45.6% and 71.0%, respectively). Only cells treated with SDF or PC detached from the dentin substrate, while the remaining cells showed altered morphology. Cells in contact with extracts showed less reduction in viability, but it was still more toxic compared to NC. Only PC reduced MN deposition. SDF + KI or KI alone did not affect the cell response. CONCLUSIONS SDF applied alone showed a mild to moderate transdentinal cytotoxic effect on pulp cells. However, the combination of SDF + KI reduced the cytotoxic effects. Both materials used alone or in combination did not affect the mineralization ability of pulp cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Besides improving esthetic results, associating potassium iodide with silver diamine fluoride may reduce the transdentinal cytotoxic effects of this cariostatic agent on pulp cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia de Oliveira Fernandes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Igor Paulino Mendes Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Anselmi
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Barucci Araujo Pires
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, 14801-903, Brazil
| | | | - Victória Peruchi
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, 14801-903, Brazil.
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12
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Syahruddin MH, Anggraeni R, Ana ID. A microfluidic organ-on-a-chip: into the next decade of bone tissue engineering applied in dentistry. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO902. [PMID: 37753360 PMCID: PMC10518836 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the complex physiological and pathological processes associated with alveolar bones, their responses to different therapeutics strategies, and cell interactions with biomaterial becomes necessary in precisely treating patients with severe progressive periodontitis, as a bone-related issue in dentistry. However, existing monolayer cell culture or pre-clinical models have been unable to mimic the complex physiological, pathological and regeneration processes in the bone microenvironment in response to different therapeutic strategies. In this point, 'organ-on-a-chip' (OOAC) technology, specifically 'alveolar-bone-on-a-chip', is expected to resolve the problems by better imitating infection site microenvironment and microphysiology within the oral tissues. The OOAC technology is assessed in this study toward better approaches in disease modeling and better therapeutics strategy for bone tissue engineering applied in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hidayat Syahruddin
- Postgraduate Student, Dental Science Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rahmi Anggraeni
- Research Center for Preclinical & Clinical Medicine, National Research & Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research & Innovation Agency (BRIN) – Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research & Innovation Agency (BRIN) – Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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13
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Muniraj G, Tan RHS, Dai Y, Wu R, Alberti M, Sriram G. Microphysiological Modeling of Gingival Tissues and Host-Material Interactions Using Gingiva-on-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301472. [PMID: 37758297 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Gingiva plays a crucial barrier role at the interface of teeth, tooth-supporting structures, microbiome, and external agents. To mimic this complex microenvironment, an in vitro microphysiological platform and biofabricated full-thickness gingival equivalents (gingiva-on-chip) within a vertically stacked microfluidic device is developed. This design allowed long-term and air-liquid interface culture, and host-material interactions under flow conditions. Compared to static cultures, dynamic cultures on-chip enabled the biofabrication of gingival equivalents with stable mucosal matrix, improved epithelial morphogenesis, and barrier features. Additionally, a diseased state with disrupted barrier function representative of gingival/oral mucosal ulcers is modeled. The apical flow feature is utilized to emulate the mechanical action of mouth rinse and integrate the assessment of host-material interactions and transmucosal permeation of oral-care formulations in both healthy and diseased states. Although the gingiva-on-chip cultures have thicker and more mature epithelium, the flow of oral-care formulations induced increased tissue disruption and cytotoxic features compared to static conditions. The realistic emulation of mouth rinsing action facilitated a more physiological assessment of mucosal irritation potential. Overall, this microphysiological system enables biofabrication of human gingiva equivalents in intact and ulcerated states, providing a miniaturized and integrated platform for downstream host-material and host-microbiome applications in gingival and oral mucosa research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridharan Muniraj
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Rachel Hui Shuen Tan
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yichen Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Ruige Wu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Massimo Alberti
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- REVIVO BioSystems Pte. Ltd., Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
- ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117602, Singapore
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14
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Mishra A, Kai R, Atkuru S, Dai Y, Piccinini F, Preshaw PM, Sriram G. Fluid flow-induced modulation of viability and osteodifferentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell spheroids-on-chip. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7432-7444. [PMID: 37819086 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to integrate the spheroid culture of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) within a spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform and to investigate the influence of interstitial fluid flow on morphogenesis, cellular viability, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC spheroids. PDLSC spheroids were seeded onto the spheroid-on-chip microfluidic device and cultured under static and flow conditions. Computational analysis demonstrated the translation of fluid flow rates of 1.2 μl min-1 (low-flow) and 7.2 μl min-1 (high-flow) to maximum fluid shear stress of 59 μPa and 360 μPa for low and high-flow conditions, respectively. The spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform allowed for modulation of flow conditions leading to larger PDLSC spheroids with improved cellular viability under flow compared to static conditions. Modulation of fluid flow enhanced the osteodifferentiation potential of PDLSC spheroids, demonstrated by significantly enhanced alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase expression. Additionally, flow conditions, especially high-flow conditions, exhibited extensive calcium staining across both peripheral and central regions of the spheroids, in contrast to the predominantly peripheral staining observed under static conditions. These findings highlight the importance of fluid flow in shaping the morphological and functional properties of PDLSC spheroids. This work paves the way for future investigations exploring the interactions between PDLSC spheroids, microbial pathogens, and biomaterials within a controlled fluidic environment, offering insights for the development of innovative periodontal therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ren Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yichen Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Yuan R, Zhang Y, Liao L, Ge Y, Li W, Zhi Q. Biomineralization-Inspired Anti-Caries Strategy Based on Multifunctional Nanogels as Mineral Feedstock Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4933-4947. [PMID: 37693886 PMCID: PMC10488770 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s418465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dentin caries remains a significant public concern, with no clinically viable material that effectively combines remineralization and antimicrobial properties. To address this issue, this study focused on the development of a bio-inspired multifunctional nanogel with both antibacterial and biomineralization properties. Methods First, p(NIPAm-co-DMC) (PNPDC) copolymers were synthesized from N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC). Subsequently, PNPDC was combined with γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) through physical cross-linking to form nanogels. These nanogels served as templates for the mineralization of calcium phosphate (Cap), resulting in Cap-loaded PNPDC/PGA nanogels. The nanogels were characterized using various techniques, including TEM, particle tracking analysis, XRD, and FTIR. The release properties of ions were also assessed. In addition, the antibacterial properties of the Cap-loaded PNPDC/PGA nanogels were evaluated using the broth microdilution method and a biofilm formation assay. The remineralization effects were examined on both demineralized dentin and type I collagen in vitro. Results PNPDC/PGA nanogels were successfully synthesized and loaded with Cap. The diameter of the Cap-loaded PNPDC/PGA nanogels was measured as 196.5 nm at 25°C and 162.3 nm at 37°C. These Cap-loaded nanogels released Ca2+ and PO43- ions quickly, effectively blocking dental tubules with a depth of 10 μm and promoting the remineralization of demineralized dentin within 7 days. Additionally, they facilitated the heavy intrafibrillar mineralization of type I collagen within 3 days. Moreover, the Cap-loaded nanogels exhibited MIC50 and MIC90 values of 12.5 and 50 mg/mL against Streptococcus mutans, respectively, with an MBC value of 100 mg/mL. At a concentration of 50 mg/mL, the Cap-loaded nanogels also demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans while maintaining good biocompatibility. Conclusion Cap-loaded PNPDC/PGA nanogels are a multifunctional biomimetic system with antibacterial and dentin remineralization effects. This strategy of using antibacterial nanogels as mineral feedstock carriers offered fresh insight into the clinical management of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiong Liao
- Biomaterials Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yige Ge
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weichang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Zhi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Zaeneldin A, Chu CH, Yu OY. Dental Pulp Response to Silver-Containing Solutions: A Scoping Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11050114. [PMID: 37232765 DOI: 10.3390/dj11050114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentists used silver-containing solutions for deep cavity disinfection before restoration. This review aims to identify the silver-containing solutions reported in the literature for deep cavity disinfection and summarize their effects on dental pulp. An extensive search was performed using the search words "(silver) AND (dental pulp OR pulp)" in ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science to identify English publications on silver-containing solutions for cavity conditioning. The pulpal response to the included silver-containing solutions was summarized. The initial search identified 4112 publications and 14 publications met the inclusion criteria. Silver fluoride, silver nitrate, silver diamine nitrate, silver diamine fluoride, and nano-silver fluoride were used in deep cavities for antimicrobial purposes. Indirect silver fluoride application induced pulp inflammation and reparative dentine in most cases, and pulp necrosis in some cases. Direct silver nitrate application caused blood clots and a wide inflammatory band in the pulp, whilst indirect silver nitrate application caused hypoplasia in shallow cavities and partial pulp necrosis in deep cavities. Direct silver diamine fluoride application induced pulp necrosis, while indirect silver diamine fluoride application induced a mild inflammatory response and reparative dentine formation. No evidence of the dental pulpal response to silver diamine nitrate or nano-silver fluoride was available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zaeneldin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Huang C, Sanaei F, Verdurmen WPR, Yang F, Ji W, Walboomers XF. The Application of Organs-on-a-Chip in Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research. J Dent Res 2023; 102:364-375. [PMID: 36726271 PMCID: PMC10031637 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current development of microfluidics-based microphysiological systems (MPSs) will rapidly lead to a paradigm shift from traditional static 2-dimensional cell cultivation towards organized tissue culture within a dynamic cellular milieu. Especially organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) can very precisely re-create the mechanical and unique anatomical structures of the oral environment. This review provides an introduction to such technology, from commonly used chip materials and fabrication methods to the application of OoC in in vitro culture. OoCs are advantageous because of their small-scaled culture environment, the highly controlled dynamic experimental conditions, and the likeness to the in vivo structure. We specifically focus on current chip designs in dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) research. Also, future perspectives are discussed, like model standardization and the development of integrated platforms with advanced read-out functionality. By doing so, it will be possible for OoCs to serve as an alternative for animal testing and to develop highly predictive human models for clinical experiments and even personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Sanaei
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - W P R Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Yang
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - W Ji
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X F Walboomers
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Makkar H, Zhou Y, Tan KS, Lim CT, Sriram G. Modeling Crevicular Fluid Flow and Host-Oral Microbiome Interactions in a Gingival Crevice-on-Chip. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202376. [PMID: 36398428 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gingival crevice and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) flow play a crucial role at the gingiva-oral microbiome interface which contributes toward maintaining the balance between gingival health and periodontal disease. Interstitial flow of GCF strongly impacts the host-microbiome interactions and tissue responses. However, currently available in vitro preclinical models largely disregard the dynamic nature of gingival crevicular microenvironment, thus limiting the progress in the development of periodontal therapeutics. Here, a proof-of-principle "gingival crevice-on-chip" microfluidic platform to culture gingival connective tissue equivalent (CTE) under dynamic interstitial fluid flow mimicking the GCF is described. On-chip co-culture using oral symbiont (Streptococcus oralis) shows the potential to recapitulate microbial colonization, formation of biofilm-like structures at the tissue-microbiome interface, long-term co-culture, and bacterial clearance secondary to simulated GCF (s-GCF) flow. Further, on-chip exposure of the gingival CTEs to the toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) agonist or periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum demonstrates the potential to mimic early gingival inflammation. In contrast to direct exposure, the induction of s-GCF flow toward the bacterial front attenuates the secretion of inflammatory mediators demonstrating the protective effect of GCF flow. This proposed in vitro platform offers the potential to study complex host-microbe interactions in periodontal disease and the development of periodontal therapeutics under near-microphysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik Makkar
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore.,ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore.,ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore
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Franca CM, Balbinot GDS, Cunha D, Saboia VDPA, Ferracane J, Bertassoni LE. In-vitro models of biocompatibility testing for restorative dental materials: From 2D cultures to organs on-a-chip. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:58-66. [PMID: 35933103 PMCID: PMC9814917 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, diet-modulated, multifactorial and dynamic disease that affects more than 90% of adults in Western countries. The current treatment for decayed tissue is based on using materials to replace the lost enamel or dentin. More than 500 million dental restorations are placed annually worldwide, and materials used for these purposes either directly or indirectly interact with dentin and pulp tissues. The development and understanding of the effects of restorative dental materials are based on different in-vitro and in-vivo tests, which have been evolving with time. In this review, we first discuss the characteristics of the tooth and the dentin-pulp interface that are unique for materials testing. Subsequently, we discuss frequently used in-vitro tests to evaluate the biocompatibility of dental materials commonly used for restorative procedures. Finally, we present our perspective on the future directions for biological research on dental materials using tissue engineering and organs on-a-chip approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Dental caries is still the most prevalent infectious disease globally, requiring more than 500 million restorations to be placed every year. Regrettably, the failure rates of such restorations are still high. Those rates are partially based on the fact that current platforms to test dental materials are somewhat inaccurate in reproducing critical components of the complex oral microenvironment. Thus, there is a collective effort to develop new materials while evolving the platforms to test them. In this context, the present review critically discusses in-vitro models used to evaluate the biocompatibility of restorative dental materials and brings a perspective on future directions for tissue-engineered and organs-on-a-chip platforms for testing new dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Miranda Franca
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diana Cunha
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Jack Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States.
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