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Kong HJ, Kim YL. Application of artificial intelligence in dental crown prosthesis: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:937. [PMID: 39138474 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made remarkable advancements and achieved significant accomplishments across the entire field of dentistry. Notably, efforts to apply AI in prosthodontics are continually progressing. This scoping review aims to present the applications and performance of AI in dental crown prostheses and related topics. METHODS We conducted a literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and IEEE Xplore databases from January 2010 to January 2024. The included articles addressed the application of AI in various aspects of dental crown treatment, including fabrication, assessment, and prognosis. RESULTS The initial electronic literature search yielded 393 records, which were reduced to 315 after eliminating duplicate references. The application of inclusion criteria led to analysis of 12 eligible publications in the qualitative review. The AI-based applications included in this review were related to detection of dental crown finish line, evaluation of AI-based color matching, evaluation of crown preparation, evaluation of dental crown designed by AI, identification of a dental crown in an intraoral photo, and prediction of debonding probability. CONCLUSIONS AI has the potential to increase efficiency in processes such as fabricating and evaluating dental crowns, with a high level of accuracy reported in most of the analyzed studies. However, a significant number of studies focused on designing crowns using AI-based software, and these studies had a small number of patients and did not always present their algorithms. Standardized protocols for reporting and evaluating AI studies are needed to increase the evidence and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Kong
- Department of Prosthodontics and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Lee Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Cho JH, Çakmak G, Choi J, Lee D, Yoon HI, Yilmaz B, Schimmel M. Deep learning-designed implant-supported posterior crowns: Assessing time efficiency, tooth morphology, emergence profile, occlusion, and proximal contacts. J Dent 2024; 147:105142. [PMID: 38906454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare implant supported crowns (ISCs) designed using deep learning (DL) software with those designed by a technician using conventional computer-aided design software. METHODS Twenty resin-based partially edentulous casts (maxillary and mandibular) used for fabricating ISCs were evaluated retrospectively. ISCs were designed using a DL-based method with no modification of the as-generated outcome (DB), a DL-based method with further optimization by a dental technician (DM), and a conventional computer-aided design method by a technician (NC). Time efficiency, crown contour, occlusal table area, cusp angle, cusp height, emergence profile angle, occlusal contacts, and proximal contacts were compared among groups. Depending on the distribution of measured data, various statistical methods were used for comparative analyses with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS ISCs in the DB group showed a significantly higher efficiency than those in the DM and NC groups (P ≤ 0.001). ISCs in the DM group exhibited significantly smaller volume deviations than those in the DB group when superimposed on ISCs in the NC group (DB-NC vs. DM-NC pairs, P ≤ 0.008). Except for the number and intensity of occlusal contacts (P ≤ 0.004), ISCs in the DB and DM groups had occlusal table areas, cusp angles, cusp heights, proximal contact intensities, and emergence profile angles similar to those in the NC group (P ≥ 0.157). CONCLUSIONS A DL-based method can be beneficial for designing posterior ISCs in terms of time efficiency, occlusal table area, cusp angle, cusp height, proximal contact, and emergence profile, similar to the conventional human-based method. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A deep learning-based design method can achieve clinically acceptable functional properties of posterior ISCs. However, further optimization by a technician could improve specific outcomes, such as the crown contour or emergence profile angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Binvignat P, Chaurasia A, Lahoud P, Jacobs R, Pokhojaev A, Sarig R, Ducret M, Richert R. Isotopological remeshing and statistical shape analysis: Enhancing premolar tooth wear classification and simulation with machine learning. J Dent 2024; 149:105280. [PMID: 39094975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a combined approach based on an isotopological remeshing and statistical shape analysis (SSA) to capture key anatomical features of altered and intact premolars. Additionally, the study compares the capabilities of four Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in identifying or simulating tooth alterations. METHODS 113 premolar surfaces from a multicenter database were analyzed. These surfaces were processed using an isotopological remeshing method, followed by a SSA. Mean Euclidean distances between the initial and remeshed STL files were calculated to assess deviation in anatomical landmark positioning. Seven anatomical features were extracted from each tooth, and their correlations with shape modes and morphological characteristics were explored. Four ML algorithms, validated through three-fold cross-validation, were assessed for their ability to classify tooth types and alterations. Additionally, twenty intact teeth were altered and then reconstructed to verify the method's accuracy. RESULTS The first five modes encapsulated 76.1% of the total shape variability, with a mean landmark positioning deviation of 10.4 µm (±6.4). Significant correlations were found between shape modes and specific morphological features. The optimal ML algorithms demonstrated high accuracy (>83%) and precision (>86%). Simulations on intact teeth showed discrepancies in anatomical features below 3%. CONCLUSION The combination of an isotopological remeshing with SSA showed good reliability in capturing key anatomical features of the tooth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The encouraging performance of ML algorithms suggests a promising direction for supporting practitioners in diagnosing and planning treatments for patients with altered teeth, ultimately improving preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akhilanand Chaurasia
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pierre Lahoud
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ariel Pokhojaev
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, POB 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Tel Aviv University, POB 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rachel Sarig
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, POB 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Tel Aviv University, POB 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, PAM Odontologie, Lyon, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/UCBL/Univ de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Raphael Richert
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, PAM Odontologie, Lyon, France; Laboratoire de Mécanique Des Contacts Et Structures LaMCoS, UMR 5259 INSA Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne 69621, France.
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Wu Z, Zhang C, Ye X, Dai Y, Zhao J, Zhao W, Zheng Y. Comparison of the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence-Powered Software in Crown Design: An In Vitro Study. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00196-5. [PMID: 39069456 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Artificial intelligence (AI) has been adopted in the field of dental restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the time efficiency and morphological accuracy of crowns designed by two AI-powered software programs in comparison with conventional computer-aided design software. METHODS A total of 33 clinically adapted posterior crowns were involved in the standard group. AI Automate (AA) and AI Dentbird Crown (AD) used two AI-powered design software programs, while the computer-aided experienced and computer-aided novice employed the Exocad DentalCAD software. Time efficiency between the AI-powered groups and computer-aided groups was evaluated by assessing the elapsed time. Morphological accuracy was assessed by means of three-dimensional geometric calculations, with the root-mean-square error compared against the standard group. Statistical analysis was conducted via the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The time efficiency of the AI-powered groups was significantly higher than that of the computer-aided groups (P < .01). Moreover, the working time for both AA and AD groups was only one-quarter of that for the computer-aided novice group. Four groups significantly differed in morphological accuracy for occlusal and distal surfaces (P < .05). The AD group performed lower accuracy than the other three groups on the occlusal surfaces (P < .001) and the computer-aided experienced group was superior to the AA group in terms of accuracy on the distal surfaces (P = .029). However, morphological accuracy showed no significant difference among the four groups for mesial surfaces and margin lines (P > .05). CONCLUSION AI-powered software enhanced the efficiency of crown design but failed to excel at morphological accuracy compared with experienced technicians using computer-aided software. AI-powered software requires further research and extensive deep learning to improve the morphological accuracy and stability of the crown design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiong Wu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Centre of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Dai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Centre of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wuyuan Zhao
- Hangzhou Erran Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanna Zheng
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Dental Hospital/Ningbo Oral Health Research Institute, Ningbo, China.
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Yeslam HE, Freifrau von Maltzahn N, Nassar HM. Revolutionizing CAD/CAM-based restorative dental processes and materials with artificial intelligence: a concise narrative review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17793. [PMID: 39040936 PMCID: PMC11262301 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly prevalent in biomedical and industrial development, capturing the interest of dental professionals and patients. Its potential to improve the accuracy and speed of dental procedures is set to revolutionize dental care. The use of AI in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) within the restorative dental and material science fields offers numerous benefits, providing a new dimension to these practices. This study aims to provide a concise overview of the implementation of AI-powered technologies in CAD/CAM restorative dental procedures and materials. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords from 2000 to 2023 to obtain pertinent information. This method was implemented to guarantee a thorough investigation of the subject matter. Keywords included; "Artificial Intelligence", "Machine Learning", "Neural Networks", "Virtual Reality", "Digital Dentistry", "CAD/CAM", and "Restorative Dentistry". Artificial intelligence in digital restorative dentistry has proven to be highly beneficial in various dental CAD/CAM applications. It helps in automating and incorporating esthetic factors, occlusal schemes, and previous practitioners' CAD choices in fabricating dental restorations. AI can also predict the debonding risk of CAD/CAM restorations and the compositional effects on the mechanical properties of its materials. Continuous enhancements are being made to overcome its limitations and open new possibilities for future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin E. Yeslam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hani M. Nassar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ali IE, Tanikawa C, Chikai M, Ino S, Sumita Y, Wakabayashi N. Applications and performance of artificial intelligence models in removable prosthodontics: A literature review. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:358-367. [PMID: 37793819 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this narrative review, we present the current applications and performances of artificial intelligence (AI) models in different phases of the removable prosthodontic workflow and related research topics. STUDY SELECTION A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases between January 2010 and January 2023. Search terms related to AI were combined with terms related to removable prosthodontics. Articles reporting the structure and performance of the developed AI model were selected for this literature review. RESULTS A total of 15 articles were relevant to the application of AI in removable prosthodontics, including maxillofacial prosthetics. These applications included the design of removable partial dentures, classification of partially edentulous arches, functional evaluation and outcome prediction in complete denture treatment, early prosthetic management of patients with cleft lip and palate, coloration of maxillofacial prostheses, and prediction of the material properties of denture teeth. Various AI models with reliable prediction accuracy have been developed using supervised learning. CONCLUSIONS The current applications of AI in removable prosthodontics exhibit significant potential for improving the prosthodontic workflow, with high accuracy levels reported in most of the reviewed studies. However, the focus has been predominantly on the diagnostic phase, with few studies addressing treatment planning and implementation. Because the number of AI-related studies in removable prosthodontics is limited, more models targeting different prosthodontic disciplines are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam E Ali
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Chihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Chikai
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuka Sumita
- Department of Partial and Complete Denture, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Qi X, Wu B. AI's Role in Improving Social Connection and Oral Health for Older Adults: A Synergistic Approach. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:196-198. [PMID: 38284287 PMCID: PMC11318379 DOI: 10.1177/23800844231223097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT This study explored how artificial intelligence (AI) can revolutionize geriatric care by improving oral health and alleviating social disconnection among isolated older adults. The findings can guide clinicians in integrating AI tools into practices, assist policymakers in developing AI-inclusive health policies, and inform patients about the potential benefits of AI in enhancing their health outcomes and social connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Qi
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B. Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Aging Incubator, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Broll A, Goldhacker M, Hahnel S, Rosentritt M. Generative deep learning approaches for the design of dental restorations: A narrative review. J Dent 2024; 145:104988. [PMID: 38608832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore and discuss recent advancements in tooth reconstruction utilizing deep learning (DL) techniques. A review on new DL methodologies in partial and full tooth reconstruction is conducted. DATA/SOURCES PubMed, Google Scholar, and IEEE Xplore databases were searched for articles from 2003 to 2023. STUDY SELECTION The review includes 9 articles published from 2018 to 2023. The selected articles showcase novel DL approaches for tooth reconstruction, while those concentrating solely on the application or review of DL methods are excluded. The review shows that data is acquired via intraoral scans or laboratory scans of dental plaster models. Common data representations are depth maps, point clouds, and voxelized point clouds. Reconstructions focus on single teeth, using data from adjacent teeth or the entire jaw. Some articles include antagonist teeth data and features like occlusal grooves and gap distance. Primary network architectures include Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Transformers. Compared to conventional digital methods, DL-based tooth reconstruction reports error rates approximately two times lower. CONCLUSIONS Generative DL models analyze dental datasets to reconstruct missing teeth by extracting insights into patterns and structures. Through specialized application, these models reconstruct morphologically and functionally sound dental structures, leveraging information from the existing teeth. The reported advancements facilitate the feasibility of DL-based dental crown reconstruction. Beyond GANs and Transformers with point clouds or voxels, recent studies indicate promising outcomes with diffusion-based architectures and innovative data representations like wavelets for 3D shape completion and inference problems. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Generative network architectures employed in the analysis and reconstruction of dental structures demonstrate notable proficiency. The enhanced accuracy and efficiency of DL-based frameworks hold the potential to enhance clinical outcomes and increase patient satisfaction. The reduced reconstruction times and diminished requirement for manual intervention may lead to cost savings and improved accessibility of dental services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Broll
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Goldhacker
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, OTH Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Chen D, Yu MQ, Li QJ, He X, Liu F, Shen JF. Precise tooth design using deep learning-based templates. J Dent 2024; 144:104971. [PMID: 38548165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In prosthodontic procedures, traditional computer-aided design (CAD) is often time-consuming and lacks accuracy in shape restoration. In this study, we combined implicit template and deep learning (DL) to construct a precise neural network for personalized tooth defect restoration. METHODS Ninety models of right maxillary central incisor (80 for training, 10 for validation) were collected. A DL model named ToothDIT was trained to establish an implicit template and a neural network capable of predicting unique identifications. In the validation stage, teeth in validation set were processed into corner, incisive, and medium defects. The defective teeth were inputted into ToothDIT to predict the unique identification, which actuated the deformation of the implicit template to generate the highly customized template (DIT) for the target tooth. Morphological restorations were executed with templates from template shape library (TSL), average tooth template (ATT), and DIT in Exocad (GmbH, Germany). RMSestimate, width, length, aspect ratio, incisal edge curvature, incisive end retraction, and guiding inclination were introduced to assess the restorative accuracy. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA and paired t-test for overall and detailed differences. RESULTS DIT displayed significantly smaller RMSestimate than TSL and ATT. In 2D detailed analysis, DIT exhibited significantly less deviations from the natural teeth compared to TSL and ATT. CONCLUSION The proposed DL model successfully reconstructed the morphology of anterior teeth with various degrees of defects and achieved satisfactory accuracy. This approach provides a more reliable reference for prostheses design, resulting in enhanced accuracy in morphological restoration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This DL model holds promise in assisting dentists and technicians in obtaining morphology templates that closely resemble the original shape of the defective teeth. These customized templates serve as a foundation for enhancing the efficiency and precision of digital restorative design for defective teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mei-Qi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiang He
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Broll A, Rosentritt M, Schlegl T, Goldhacker M. A data-driven approach for the partial reconstruction of individual human molar teeth using generative deep learning. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1339193. [PMID: 38690195 PMCID: PMC11058210 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1339193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Due to the high prevalence of dental caries, fixed dental restorations are regularly required to restore compromised teeth or replace missing teeth while retaining function and aesthetic appearance. The fabrication of dental restorations, however, remains challenging due to the complexity of the human masticatory system as well as the unique morphology of each individual dentition. Adaptation and reworking are frequently required during the insertion of fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), which increase cost and treatment time. This article proposes a data-driven approach for the partial reconstruction of occlusal surfaces based on a data set that comprises 92 3D mesh files of full dental crown restorations. Methods A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is considered for the given task in view of its ability to represent extensive data sets in an unsupervised manner with a wide variety of applications. Having demonstrated good capabilities in terms of image quality and training stability, StyleGAN-2 has been chosen as the main network for generating the occlusal surfaces. A 2D projection method is proposed in order to generate 2D representations of the provided 3D tooth data set for integration with the StyleGAN architecture. The reconstruction capabilities of the trained network are demonstrated by means of 4 common inlay types using a Bayesian Image Reconstruction method. This involves pre-processing the data in order to extract the necessary information of the tooth preparations required for the used method as well as the modification of the initial reconstruction loss. Results The reconstruction process yields satisfactory visual and quantitative results for all preparations with a root mean square error (RMSE) ranging from 0.02 mm to 0.18 mm. When compared against a clinical procedure for CAD inlay fabrication, the group of dentists preferred the GAN-based restorations for 3 of the total 4 inlay geometries. Conclusions This article shows the effectiveness of the StyleGAN architecture with a downstream optimization process for the reconstruction of 4 different inlay geometries. The independence of the reconstruction process and the initial training of the GAN enables the application of the method for arbitrary inlay geometries without time-consuming retraining of the GAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Broll
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Rosentritt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schlegl
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Goldhacker
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Aktaş N, Bani M, Ocak M, Bankoğlu Güngör M. Effects of design software program and manufacturing method on the marginal and internal adaptation of esthetic crowns for primary teeth: A microcomputed tomography evaluation. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:519.e1-519.e9. [PMID: 38195256 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The adaptation of digitally produced crowns is affected by the design software program and manufacturing method. The effect of artificial intelligence (AI) software program design on the adaptation of the crowns is unclear and comparative evaluations should be documented. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the marginal and internal gaps, the absolute marginal discrepancies, and the 3-dimensional (3D) discrepancy volumes of the resin-based milled and 3D printed crowns for primary teeth designed with computer-aided design (CAD) and AI software programs by using microcomputed tomography (µCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 40 resin-based esthetic crowns were produced for a prepared typodont tooth (right mandibular primary second molar) according to the design software program (CAD and AI) and manufacturing method (milling and 3D printing) (n=10). Four experimental groups were generated as CAD-milled, CAD-3D printed, AI-milled, and AI-3D printed. The marginal, axial, and occlusal gap values, the absolute marginal discrepancies, and the 3D discrepancy volumes of the specimens were measured by using µCT. The data were analyzed by using 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD tests (α=.05). RESULTS The lowest value for the marginal gap (54 ±43 µm) was observed in the CAD-milled group and the marginal gap value of the AI-3D printed group was significantly lower than the AI-milled group (P<.05). The lowest value for the axial gap (63 ±7 µm) was observed in the AI-3D printed group, and the highest value (145 ±58 µm) was observed in the CAD-milled group; the result for the occlusal gap value was opposite. The highest absolute marginal discrepancy value was observed in the CAD-milled group. The 3D discrepancy volumes increased in the order of the CAD-3D printed, AI-milled, CAD-milled, and AI-3D printed groups. CONCLUSIONS The marginal and internal gap values of the resin-based crowns were affected by the design software program and manufacturing method; however, tested groups showed clinically acceptable gap values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagehan Aktaş
- Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bani
- Professor, Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Ocak
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Bankoğlu Güngör
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Cho JH, Çakmak G, Yi Y, Yoon HI, Yilmaz B, Schimmel M. Tooth morphology, internal fit, occlusion and proximal contacts of dental crowns designed by deep learning-based dental software: A comparative study. J Dent 2024; 141:104830. [PMID: 38163455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the tooth morphology, internal fit, occlusion, and proximal contacts of dental crowns automatically generated via two deep learning (DL)-based dental software systems with those manually designed by an experienced dental technician using conventional software. METHODS Thirty partial arch scans of prepared posterior teeth were used. The crowns were designed using two DL-based methods (AA and AD) and a technician-based method (NC). The crown design outcomes were three-dimensionally compared, focusing on tooth morphology, internal fit, occlusion, and proximal contacts, by calculating the geometric relationship. Statistical analysis utilized the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS The AA and AD groups, with the NC group as a reference, exhibited no significant tooth morphology discrepancies across entire external or occlusal surfaces. The AD group exhibited higher root mean square and positive average values on the axial surface (P < .05). The AD and NC groups exhibited a better internal fit than the AA group (P < .001). The cusp angles were similar across all groups (P = .065). The NC group yielded more occlusal contact points than the AD group (P = .006). Occlusal and proximal contact intensities varied among the groups (both P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Crowns designed by using both DL-based software programs exhibited similar morphologies on the occlusal and axial surfaces; however, they differed in internal fit, occlusion, and proximal contacts. Their overall performance was clinically comparable to that of the technician-based method in terms of the internal fit and number of occlusal contact points. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE DL-based dental software for crown design can streamline the digital workflow in restorative dentistry, ensuring clinically-acceptable outcomes on tooth morphology, internal fit, occlusion, and proximal contacts. It can minimize the necessity of additional design optimization by dental technician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuseung Yi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ying S, Huang F, Liu W, He F. Deep learning in the overall process of implant prosthodontics: A state-of-the-art review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024. [PMID: 38286659 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence represented by deep learning has attracted attention in the field of dental implant restoration. It is widely used in surgical image analysis, implant plan design, prosthesis shape design, and prognosis judgment. This article mainly describes the research progress of deep learning in the whole process of dental implant prosthodontics. It analyzes the limitations of current research, and looks forward to the future development direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunv Ying
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuming He
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Liu CM, Lin WC, Lee SY. Evaluation of the efficiency, trueness, and clinical application of novel artificial intelligence design for dental crown prostheses. Dent Mater 2024; 40:19-27. [PMID: 37858418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The unique structure of human teeth limits dental repair to custom-made solutions. The production process requires a lot of time and manpower. At present, artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to be used in the medical field and improve efficiency. This study attempted to design a variety of dental restorations using AI and evaluate their clinical applicability. METHODS Using inlay and crown restoration types commonly used in dental standard models, we compared differences in artificial wax-up carving (wax-up), artificial digital designs (digital) and AI designs (AI). The AI system was designed using computer calculations, and the other two methods were designed by humans. Restorations were made by 3D printing resin material. Image evaluations were compared with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) by calculating the root mean squared error. RESULTS Surface truth results showed that AI (68.4 µm) and digital-designed crowns (51.0 µm) had better reproducibility. Using AI for the crown reduced the time spent by 400% (compared to digital) and 900% (compared to wax-up). Optical microscopic and CBCT images showed that AI and digital designs had close margin gaps (p < 0.05). The margin gap of the crown showed that the wax-up group was 4.1 and 4.3 times greater than those of the AI and digital crowns, respectively. Therefore, the utilization of artificial intelligence can assist in the production of dental restorations, thereby enhancing both production efficiency and accuracy. SIGNIFICANCE It is expected that the development of AI can contribute to the reproducibility, efficiency, and goodness of fit of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Ming Liu
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Center for Tooth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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15
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Cho JH, Yi Y, Choi J, Ahn J, Yoon HI, Yilmaz B. Time efficiency, occlusal morphology, and internal fit of anatomic contour crowns designed by dental software powered by generative adversarial network: A comparative study. J Dent 2023; 138:104739. [PMID: 37804938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the time efficiency, occlusal morphology, and internal fit of dental crowns designed using generative adversarial network (GAN)-based dental software compared to conventional dental software. METHODS Thirty datasets of partial arch scans for prepared posterior teeth were analyzed. Each crown was designed on each abutment using GAN-based software (AI) and conventional dental software (non-AI). The AI and non-AI groups were compared in terms of time efficiency by measuring the elapsed work time. The difference in the occlusal morphology of the crowns before and after design optimization and the internal fit of the crown to the prepared abutment were also evaluated by superimposition for each software. Data were analyzed using independent t tests or Mann-Whitney test with statistical significance (α=.05). RESULTS The working time was significantly less for the AI group than the non-AI group at T1, T5, and T6 (P≤.043). The working time with AI was significantly shorter at T1, T3, T5, and T6 for the intraoral scan (P≤.036). Only at T2 (P≤.001) did the cast scan show a significant difference between the two groups. The crowns in the AI group showed less deviation in occlusal morphology and significantly better internal fit to the abutment than those in the non-AI group (both P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Crowns designed by AI software showed improved outcomes than that designed by non-AI software, in terms of time efficiency, difference in occlusal morphology, and internal fit. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The GAN-based software showed better time efficiency and less deviation in occlusal morphology during the design process than the conventional software, suggesting a higher probability of optimized outcomes of crown design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuseung Yi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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16
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Yang S, Kim KD, Ariji E, Takata N, Kise Y. Evaluating the performance of generative adversarial network-synthesized periapical images in classifying C-shaped root canals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18038. [PMID: 37865655 PMCID: PMC10590373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance of generative adversarial network (GAN)-synthesized periapical images for classifying C-shaped root canals, which are challenging to diagnose because of their complex morphology. GANs have emerged as a promising technique for generating realistic images, offering a potential solution for data augmentation in scenarios with limited training datasets. Periapical images were synthesized using the StyleGAN2-ADA framework, and their quality was evaluated based on the average Frechet inception distance (FID) and the visual Turing test. The average FID was found to be 35.353 (± 4.386) for synthesized C-shaped canal images and 25.471 (± 2.779) for non C-shaped canal images. The visual Turing test conducted by two radiologists on 100 randomly selected images revealed that distinguishing between real and synthetic images was difficult. These results indicate that GAN-synthesized images exhibit satisfactory visual quality. The classification performance of the neural network, when augmented with GAN data, showed improvements compared with using real data alone, and could be advantageous in addressing data conditions with class imbalance. GAN-generated images have proven to be an effective data augmentation method, addressing the limitations of limited training data and computational resources in diagnosing dental anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Yang
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Deog Kim
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eiichiro Ariji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Seuemori-Dori, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Natsuho Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Seuemori-Dori, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kise
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Seuemori-Dori, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8651, Japan.
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17
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Kim DS, Lau LN, Kim JW, Yeo ISL. Measurement of proximal contact of single crowns to assess interproximal relief: A pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20403. [PMID: 37767497 PMCID: PMC10520794 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is common for dental technicians to adjust the proximal surface of adjacent teeth on casts when fabricating single crowns. However, whether the accuracy of the proximal contact is affected if this step is eliminated is unclear. Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the proximal contact of single crowns for mandibular first molars fabricated from four different restorative materials, without adjustment of the proximal surface of the adjacent teeth by the laboratory/dental technician. Methods This study was in vitro; all the clinical procedures were conducted on a dentoform. The mandibular first molar tooth on the dentoform was prepared using diamond burs and a high speed handpiece. Twenty single crowns were fabricated, five for each group (monolithic zirconia, lithium disilicate, metal ceramic, and cast gold). No proximal surface adjacent to the definitive crowns was adjusted for tight contact in the dental laboratory. Both the qualitative analyses, using dental floss and shimstock, and the quantitative analyses, using a stereo microscope, were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the proximal contact of the restoration with the adjacent teeth. In the quantitative analysis, one-way analysis of variance was used to compare mean values at a significance level of 0.05. Results In quantitative analysis, the differences between the proximal contact tightness of the four groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.802 for mesial contacts, P = 0.354 for distal contacts). In qualitative analysis, in most crowns, dental floss passed through the contact with tight resistance and only one film of shimstock could be inserted between the adjacent teeth and the restoration. However, one specimen from the cast gold crown had open contact. Conclusions Even without proximal surface adjustment of the adjacent teeth during the crown fabrication process, adequate proximal contact tightness between the restoration and adjacent teeth could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Le Na Lau
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Lin GSS, Ng YS, Ghani NRNA, Chua KH. Revolutionising dental technologies: a qualitative study on dental technicians' perceptions of Artificial intelligence integration. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:690. [PMID: 37749537 PMCID: PMC10521564 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry has the potential to revolutionise the field of dental technologies. However, dental technicians' views on the use of AI in dental technology are still sparse in the literature. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of dental technicians regarding the use of AI in their dental laboratory practice. METHODS Twelve dental technicians with at least five years of professional experience and currently working in Malaysia agreed to participate in the one-to-one in-depth online interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns, themes, and categories within the interview transcripts. RESULTS The analysis revealed two key themes: "Perceived Benefits of AI" and "Concerns and Challenges". Dental technicians recognised the enhanced efficiency, productivity, accuracy, and precision that AI can bring to dental laboratories. They also acknowledged the streamlined workflow and improved communication facilitated by AI systems. However, concerns were raised regarding job security, professional identity, ethical considerations, and the need for adequate training and support. CONCLUSION This research sheds light on the potential benefits and challenges associated with the integration of AI in dental laboratory practices. Understanding these perceptions and addressing the challenges can support the effective integration of AI in dental laboratories and contribute to the growing body of literature on AI in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Sim Siang Lin
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
| | - Yook Shiang Ng
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kah Hoay Chua
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
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Han S, Yi Y, Revilla-León M, Yilmaz B, Yoon HI. Feasibility of software-based assessment for automated evaluation of tooth preparation for dental crown by using a computational geometric algorithm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11847. [PMID: 37481612 PMCID: PMC10363138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to propose the concept of software-based automated evaluation (SAE) of tooth preparation quality using computational geometric algorithms, and evaluate the feasibility of SAE in the assessment of abutment tooth preparation for single-unit anatomic contour crowns by comparing it with a human-based digitally assisted evaluation (DAE) by trained human evaluators. Thirty-five mandibular first molars were prepared for anatomical contour crown restoration by graduate students. Each prepared tooth was digitized and evaluated in terms of occlusal reduction and total occlusal convergence using SAE and DAE. Intra-rater agreement for the scores graded by the SAE and DAE and inter-rater agreement between the SAE and DAE were analyzed with the significance level (α) of 0.05. The evaluation using the SAE protocol demonstrated perfect intra-rater agreement, whereas the evaluation using the DAE protocol showed moderate-to-good intra-rater agreement. The evaluation values of the SAE and DAE protocols showed almost perfect inter-rater agreement. The SAE developed for tooth preparation evaluation can be used for dental education and clinical skill feedback. SAE may minimize possible errors in the conventional rating and provide more reliable and precise assessments than the human-based DAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Han
- School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuseung Yi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Marta Revilla-León
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Research and Digital Dentistry, Kois Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hyung-In Yoon
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Alshamrani A, Alhotan A, Owais A, Ellakwa A. The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050267. [PMID: 37233377 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of 3D-printed crown resin materials with improved mechanical and physical properties is an area of growing interest in dentistry. This study aimed to develop a 3D-printed crown resin material modified with zirconia glass (ZG) and glass silica (GS) microfillers to enhance overall mechanical and physical properties. A total of 125 specimens were created and divided into five groups: control unmodified resin, 5% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin, and 10% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin. The fracture resistance, surface roughness, and translucency parameter were measured, and fractured crowns were studied under a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that 3D-printed parts that were strengthened with ZG and GS microfillers demonstrated comparable mechanical performance to unmodified crown resin but resulted in greater surface roughness, and only the group that contained 5% ZG showed an increase in translucency. However, it should be noted that increased surface roughness may impact the aesthetics of the crowns, and further optimisation of microfillers concentrations may be necessary. These findings suggest that the newly developed dental-based resins that incorporate microfillers could be suitable for clinical applications, but further studies are necessary to optimise the nanoparticle concentrations and investigate their long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alshamrani
- Oral Rehabilitation & Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Owais
- The X-ray Spectroscopy Node, Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ayman Ellakwa
- Oral Rehabilitation & Dental Biomaterial and Bioengineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Tsoi JKH. Artificial intelligence - a new wine in an old bottle? Br Dent J 2023; 234:751. [PMID: 37237205 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Kit Hon Tsoi
- Associate Professor in Dental Materials Science and Assistant Dean (Innovation), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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