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Cunha FFMD, Tonon AP, Machado F, Travassos LR, Grazzia N, Possatto JF, Sant'ana AKCD, Lopes RDM, Rodrigues T, Miguel DC, Gadelha FR, Arruda DC. Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and exhibits antitumor activity in vivo. J Chemother 2024; 36:222-237. [PMID: 37800867 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2264585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga Haematococcus pluvialis) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor effect of AST against B16F10-Nex2 murine melanoma cells using cell viability assay and evaluate its mechanism of action using electron microscopy, western blotting analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Astaxanthin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in murine melanoma cells with features of apoptosis and autophagy. Astaxanthin also decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro assays at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, assays were conducted in metastatic cancer models in mice where AST significantly decreased the development of pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, AST has cytotoxic effect in melanoma cells and inhibits cell migration and invasion, indicating a promising use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Pedroso Tonon
- Instituto de Física e Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabricio Machado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodolpho Travassos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rayssa de Mello Lopes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Costa Arruda
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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2
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Jalili S, Ghasemi Shayan R. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Health-Related Life Quality Assessment Through Head and Neck, Prostate, Breast, Lung, and Skin Cancer in Adults. Front Public Health 2022; 10:789456. [PMID: 35493355 PMCID: PMC9051448 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.789456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Health assessment data assists the well-being and patient care teams' process in drawing up a care and assistance plan and comprehending the requirements of the patient. Comprehensive and precise data about the Quality of Life of cancer patients play a significant part in the development and organization of cancer patient care. Quality of Life has been used to mean a variety of various things, such as health situation, physical function, symptoms, psychosocial modification, well-being, enjoyment of life, and happiness. Chronic diseases such as cancer are among the disorders that severely affect people's health and consequently their Quality of Life. Cancer patients experience a range of symptoms, including pain and various physical and mental conditions that negatively affect their Quality of Life. In this article, we examined cancer and the impact that this disease can have on the Quality of Life of cancer patients. The cancers examined in this article include head and neck, prostate, breast, lung, and skin cancers. We also discussed health assessment and the importance and purpose of studying patients' Quality of Life, especially cancer patients. The various signs and symptoms of the disease that affect the Quality of Life of patients were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Jalili
- Department of Surgical Technology, Islamic Azad University of Sarab, Sarab, Iran
| | - Ramin Ghasemi Shayan
- Department of Radiology, Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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3
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Zhu S, Sun C, Zhang L, Du X, Tan X, Peng S. Incidence Trends and Survival Prediction of Malignant Skin Cancer: A SEER-Based Study. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2945-2956. [PMID: 35313550 PMCID: PMC8934145 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s340620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoan Du
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaodong Tan; Shuzhen Peng, Email ;
| | - Shuzhen Peng
- The People’s Hospital of Huangpi, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Investigation of skin self-examination and sunscreen use in adolescents in northern Cyprus. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:505-509. [PMID: 34377135 PMCID: PMC8330876 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.107937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regular skin self-examination (SSE) is very important for the early diagnosis of malignant melanoma (MM). Since sun exposure is the most important trigger factor for the development of skin cancers, effective and regular sun protection is the main preventive method. Aim To investigate the awareness of SSE, risky nevus and sun protection of the adolescents in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Material and methods The data used within this research were obtained from questionnaires administered to volunteer high school students in the TRNC. Results 39.8% of the participants included in the study stated that they conducted SSE. All the participants who said they conducted SSE reported that they performed a face exam. The body regions that the participants did not examine were the scalp (47.7%), foot (36.9%), back (35.4%) and genital area (35.4%). The features of the nevus perceived by the participants as risk factors included rapid growth, bleeding and itching. While 74% of respondents said they used sunscreen products, only 9% of users reported using them every day. Conclusions In the TRNC where the exposure to the sun is high, young people perform skin examinations at high rates in order to monitor their nevi. Nevertheless, the results of this research show that hard-to-reach areas are neglected.
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Devlin AS, Anderson A, Carlson K, DiPalo M, Hession-Kunz S, Zou A. The Display of Medical Information: Content, Format, and Subjective Experience. HERD-HEALTH ENVIRONMENTS RESEARCH & DESIGN JOURNAL 2021; 14:287-309. [PMID: 34236000 DOI: 10.1177/19375867211028903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To address a gap in the literature by investigating the subjective experience of participants to the form and content of medical information displayed in a healthcare setting. BACKGROUND Artwork can enhance the experience of patients, but much less is known about how individuals react to displays of medical information in the form of posters or pamphlets, especially those about unsettling conditions (e.g., skin cancer). METHODS In a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects design, researchers investigated the content of medical information (skin cancer vs. skin care) that was on display in a simulated exam room, whether the form was a pamphlet or a poster, and reason for the visit (routine annual skin check or evaluating a mole) on measures of subjective experience, including anxiety. RESULTS Viewing material about skin cancer produced greater anxiety and greater arousal than did viewing material about sunscreen, and given the choice of four images (pamphlet and poster for sunscreen, pamphlet and poster for skin cancer), the sunscreen poster was recommended to improve the patient's experience and lower stress. In terms of display format, posters are judged to provide more visual engagement than are pamphlets. CONCLUSIONS Exam rooms should offer multiple opportunities for visual engagement without images that produce anxiety. More research is needed to understand the subjective experience of the patient's interaction with the content and format of medical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Sloan Devlin
- Department of Psychology, Connecticut College, New London, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Zou
- Connecticut College, New London, CT, USA
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Scheau C, Draghici C, Ilie MA, Lupu M, Solomon I, Tampa M, Georgescu SR, Caruntu A, Constantin C, Neagu M, Caruntu C. Neuroendocrine Factors in Melanoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092277. [PMID: 34068618 PMCID: PMC8126040 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is a very aggressive and fatal malignant tumor. While curable if diagnosed in its early stages, advanced melanoma, despite the complex therapeutic approaches, is associated with one of the highest mortality rates. Hence, more and more studies have focused on mechanisms that may contribute to melanoma development and progression. Various studies suggest a role played by neuroendocrine factors which can act directly on tumor cells, modulating their proliferation and metastasis capability, or indirectly through immune or inflammatory processes that impact disease progression. However, there are still multiple areas to explore and numerous unknown features to uncover. A detailed exploration of the mechanisms by which neuroendocrine factors can influence the clinical course of the disease could open up new areas of biomedical research and may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches in melanoma. Abstract Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers with a sharp rise in incidence in the last decades, especially in young people. Recognized as a significant public health issue, melanoma is studied with increasing interest as new discoveries in molecular signaling and receptor modulation unlock innovative treatment options. Stress exposure is recognized as an important component in the immune-inflammatory interplay that can alter the progression of melanoma by regulating the release of neuroendocrine factors. Various neurotransmitters, such as catecholamines, glutamate, serotonin, or cannabinoids have also been assessed in experimental studies for their involvement in the biology of melanoma. Alpha-MSH and other neurohormones, as well as neuropeptides including substance P, CGRP, enkephalin, beta-endorphin, and even cellular and molecular agents (mast cells and nitric oxide, respectively), have all been implicated as potential factors in the development, growth, invasion, and dissemination of melanoma in a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we provide an overview of current evidence regarding the intricate effects of neuroendocrine factors in melanoma, including data reported in recent clinical trials, exploring the mechanisms involved, signaling pathways, and the recorded range of effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Carmen Draghici
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (M.A.I.); (M.L.); (I.S.)
| | - Mihaela Adriana Ilie
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (M.A.I.); (M.L.); (I.S.)
| | - Mihai Lupu
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (M.A.I.); (M.L.); (I.S.)
| | - Iulia Solomon
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (M.A.I.); (M.L.); (I.S.)
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (M.T.); (S.R.G.)
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 076201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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Liu C, Chen L, Wang W, Qin D, Jia C, Yuan M, Wang H, Guo Y, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Liu T. Emodin Suppresses the Migration and Invasion of Melanoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:771-779. [PMID: 33731543 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), as an active ingredient in rhubarb roots and rhizomes, has been reported to possess various pharmacological properties including anti-tumor effects. Recent studies have confirmed that emodin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the inhibitory effect of emodin on the migration and invasion of melanoma cells and its underlying mechanism are still unclear. In the study, we observed the impercipient effects of emodin in B16F10 and A375 melanoma cells with strong metastatic abilities, focusing on the functions and mechanisms of migration and invasion of B16F10 and A375 melanoma cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation test and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining tests confirmed that emodin possessed anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities in B16F10 and A375 cells. The inhibitory effects on the migration and invasion of B16F10 and A375 cells were proved by wound healing assay and Transwell methods. Moreover, immunofluorescence assay approved the decrease in protein expression of matrix metalloproteinas (MMP)-2/-9 by emodin, and Western blot analyses revealed that emodin could increase the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inhibit the MMP-2/-9 protein expression and Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a dose-depended manner. BML-284, as an agonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, reversed the effects of emodin on cell growth, migration and invasion in B16F10 cells. These findings may suggest that emodin treatment can be a promising therapeutic strategy for melanoma with highly metastatic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Wanchen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Dengke Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Chuanlong Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Heng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hua Dong Hospital Affiliated to Fu Dan University
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Deng Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang L, Yang S, Chen X, Gan C, He F, Ye T, Yin W. Pectolinarigenin inhibits cell viability, migration and invasion and induces apoptosis via a ROS-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:116. [PMID: 32863929 PMCID: PMC7448562 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectolinarigenin a plant secondary metabolite that has various biological effects, including the inhibition of melanogenesis and tumor growth. Melanoma has a high degree of malignancy, with rapid metastasis and severe drug resistance, explaining the need for new candidate drugs that inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. However, the pharmacological action and mechanism of pectolinarigenin on the growth and metastasis of melanoma remain elusive. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of pectolinarigenin in melanoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Apoptotic and metastasis-associated proteins were analyzed using western blotting. The results demonstrated that pectolinarigenin treatment resulted in growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in melanoma cells, arising from the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species and the altered expression of apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition, wound-healing and Transwell assays demonstrated the potential of pectolinarigenin to impair the migration and invasion of melanoma cells in accordance with the changes in the expression of the associated proteins. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that pectolinarigenin may serve a pivotal role in promoting melanoma cell apoptosis and reducing metastasis, and may thus be a promising potential candidate for an anti-melanoma treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanle Deng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Shuping Yang
- State Key of Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Cailin Gan
- State Key of Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key of Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
| | - Wenya Yin
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P.R China
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9
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Can mice be trained to discriminate urine odor of conspecifics with melanoma before clinical symptoms appear? J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Orouei S, Saberifar S, Salami S, Hushmandi K, Najafi M. Recent advances and future directions in anti-tumor activity of cryptotanshinone: A mechanistic review. Phytother Res 2020; 35:155-179. [PMID: 33507609 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In respect to the enhanced incidence rate of cancer worldwide, studies have focused on cancer therapy using novel strategies. Chemotherapy is a common strategy in cancer therapy, but its adverse effects and chemoresistance have limited its efficacy. So, attempts have been directed towards minimally invasive cancer therapy using plant derived-natural compounds. Cryptotanshinone (CT) is a component of salvia miltiorrihiza Bunge, well-known as Danshen and has a variety of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and neuroprotective. Recently, studies have focused on anti-tumor activity of CT against different cancers. Notably, this herbal compound is efficient in cancer therapy by targeting various molecular signaling pathways. In the present review, we mechanistically describe the anti-tumor activity of CT with an emphasis on molecular signaling pathways. Then, we evaluate the potential of CT in cancer immunotherapy and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy by sensitizing cancer cells into anti-tumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents, and elevating accumulation of anti-tumor drugs in cancer cells. Finally, we mention strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of CT, for instance, using nanoparticles to provide targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sima Orouei
- MSc. Student, Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Saberifar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Salami
- DVM. Graduated, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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11
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Jin J, Chen N, Pan H, Xie W, Xu H, Lei S, Guo Z, Ding R, He Y, Gao J. Triclosan induces ROS-dependent cell death and autophagy in A375 melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:73. [PMID: 32863906 PMCID: PMC7436935 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a common type of cutaneous tumor, but current drug treatments do not satisfy clinical practice requirements. At present, mitochondrial uncoupling is an effective antitumor treatment. Triclosan, a common antimicrobial, also acts as a mitochondrial uncoupler. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of triclosan on melanoma cells and the underlying mechanisms. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS), intracellular superoxide anion and [Ca2+]i were measured using confocal microscopy. It was found that triclosan application was associated with decreased A375 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and these effects may have cell specificity. Furthermore, triclosan induced MMP depolarization, ATP content decrease, mito-ROS and [Ca2+]i level increases, excessive mitochondrial fission, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and STAT3 inhibition. Moreover, these aforementioned effects were reversed by acetylcysteine treatment. Triclosan acute treatment also induced mitochondrial swelling, which was reversed after AMPK-knockdown associated with [Ca2+]i overload. Cell death was caused by STAT3 inhibition but not AMPK activation. Moreover, triclosan induced autophagy via the ROS/AMPK/p62/microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) signaling pathway, which may serve a role in feedback protection. Collectively, the present results suggested that triclosan increased mito-ROS production in melanoma cells, following induced cell death via the STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway and autophagy via the AMPK/p62/LC3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Naiwen Chen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China.,Department of Surgety, The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Huan Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Wenhua Xie
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China.,Department of Surgety, The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Lei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China.,Department of Surgety, The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqin Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Renye Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Jinlai Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medical, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
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12
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Wang W, Liu G, Liu M, Li X. Long non-coding RNA SNHG7 promotes malignant melanoma progression through negative modulation of miR-9. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:973-981. [PMID: 32365219 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (lncRNA SNHG7) was verified to act as an onco-gene in human cancers. Nevertheless, the role of SNHG7 in malignant melanoma remains elusive. The present study showed an increase of SNHG7 expression in malignant melanoma tissues and cell lines. Besides, SNHG7 knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration in malignant melanoma cells. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that SNHG7 functions as a molecular sponge for miR-9 in biological behavior of melanoma cells. And miR-9 could inhibit the expression of PI3KR3 by binding with the 3'-UTR. Furthermore, PI3KR3, pAKT, cyclin D1 and Girdin expression was down-regulated after SNHG7 knockdown by siRNA. In addition, SNHG7 knockdown decreased xenograft growth in vivo. Taken together, this research demonstrated that SNHG7 was an oncogene in malignant melanoma, providing a novel insight for the pathogenesis and new potential therapeutic target for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Wang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangjing Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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13
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Heckman CJ, Auerbach MV, Darlow S, Handorf EA, Raivitch S, Manne SL. Association of Skin Cancer Risk and Protective Behaviors with Health Literacy Among Young Adults in the USA. Int J Behav Med 2019; 26:372-379. [PMID: 31147962 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to investigate the association of health literacy with skin cancer risk and protective behaviors among young adults at moderate to high risk of skin cancer, the most common cancer. METHOD A US national sample of 958 adults, 18-25 years old, at moderate to high risk of developing skin cancer, completed a survey online. Behavioral outcomes were ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure (e.g., indoor and outdoor tanning, sunburn) and protective (e.g., sunscreen use, sunless tanning) behaviors. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine whether health literacy (a four-item self-report measure assessing health-related reading, understanding, and writing) was associated with behavioral outcomes while controlling for demographic factors. RESULTS Higher health literacy was independently associated with less sunbathing, odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60-0.98; less indoor tanning, OR = 0.38, CI = 0.31-0.48; and less use of tanning oils, OR = 0.54, CI = 0.43-0.69. However, health literacy was also associated with a lower likelihood of wearing long pants, OR = 0.76, CI = 0.58-0.99, or a hat, OR = 0.68, CI = 0.53-0.87, when outdoors. On the other hand, higher health literacy was associated with higher incidental UV exposure, OR = 1.69, CI = 1.34-2.14, and a greater likelihood of ever having engaged in sunless tanning, OR = 1.50, CI = 1.17-1.92. CONCLUSION Interestingly, higher health literacy was associated with lower levels of intentional tanning yet also higher incidental UV exposure and lower skin protection among US young adults. These findings suggest that interventions may be needed for young adults at varying levels of health literacy as well as populations (e.g., outdoor workers, outdoor athletes/exercisers) who may be receiving large amounts of unprotected incidental UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Heckman
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | | | - Susan Darlow
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Sharon L Manne
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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14
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Long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript promotes malignant melanoma progression and oxaliplatin resistance. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:254-262. [PMID: 30640294 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) was confirmed to participate in the development of many cancers. However, the function of XIST in malignant melanoma (MM) remained largely unknown. In the current study, we found that the XIST expression level was upregulated in MM tissues and cell lines. In addition, the growth rate of MM cells transfected with silencing XIST was significantly decreased compared with that with silencing normal control. XIST knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration in MM cells and increased the oxaliplatin sensitivity of oxaliplatin-resistant MM cells. Bioinformatics analysis showed that XIST acts as a molecular sponge for miR-21 and miR-21 directly targets with 3'-UTR of PI3KR1. Furthermore, XIST knockdown inhibited PI3KRI and AKT expression, and promoted Bcl-2 and Bax expression. In short, the current study showed that XIST was a crucial regulator in progression and oxaliplatin resistance of MM, providing a novel insight into the pathogenesis and underlying therapeutic target for MM.
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15
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Li L, Fan P, Chou H, Li J, Wang K, Li H. Herbacetin suppressed MMP9 mediated angiogenesis of malignant melanoma through blocking EGFR-ERK/AKT signaling pathway. Biochimie 2019; 162:198-207. [PMID: 31075281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma remains a challenge for clinical practice and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Herbacetin, a natural flavonoid compound that has multiple pharmacological activities, exerts anticancer effects on several human tumors. In this study, the anti-angiogenesis effect of Herbacetin in human malignant melanoma was investigated. The results indicated that Herbacetin treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis of malignant melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. In melanoma A375 and Hs294T cells, Herbacetin treatment suppressed both EGF-induced and constitutive phosphorylation of EGFR, accelerated the internalization and degradation of EGFR, and subsequently suppressed the activation of the downstream kinases (AKT and ERK). Moreover, MMP9 was determined as a key angiogenic factor in Herbacetin treated melanoma cells. Knockdown of MMP9 suppressed the in vitro angiogenesis while overexpression of MMP9 in Herbacetin treated melanoma cells restored the angiogenesis ability. We concluded that Herbacetin suppressed melanoma angiogenesis through blocking EGFR-ERK/AKT-MMP9 signaling pathway and Herbacetin may be developed as a potential drug for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Haiyan Chou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
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16
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Sun B, Wang X, Pan Y, Jiao Y, Qi Y, Gong H, Jiang D. Antitumor effects of conditioned media of human fetal dermal mesenchymal stem cells on melanoma cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4033-4046. [PMID: 31239698 PMCID: PMC6554004 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s203910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of cutaneous tumor and has a high metastatic rate and motility capacity. Owing to the poor prognosis, it is urgent to seek an effective therapeutic regimen. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can home to tumor cells and have been shown to play important roles in both promoting and inhibiting tumor development. Fetal dermal MSCs (FDMSCs), derived from fetal skin are a novel source of MSCs. Nevertheless, the antitumor capacity of FDMSCs on malignant melanoma is not clearly understood. Materials and methods: FDMSCs were extracted from the dorsal skin of fetal tissues. A375 melanoma cells lines were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. The effects of conditioned media from FDMSCs (CM-FDMSC) on A375 melanoma cells were tested in vivo using tumor formation assay and in vitro using cell viability, 5-ethynyl-2ʹ-deoxyuridine incorporation, flow cytometry, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL), wound healing, transwell invasion, and Western blotting. Results: CM-FDMSC inhibited A375 tumor formation in vivo. In vitro, CM-FDMSC inhibited the tumor-related activities of A375 melanoma cells, as evidenced reductions in viability, migration, and invasion. CM-FDMSC-treated A375 cells showed decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and up-regulation of Bcl-2-Associated X (BAX) and down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) expression. Conclusion: CM-FDMSC can inhibit the tumor-forming behaviors of A375 melanoma cells and inhibit PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling to shift their BCL-2/BAX ratio toward a proapoptotic state. Identification of the bioactive components in CM-FDMSC will be important for translating these findings into novel therapies for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bencheng Sun
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Jiao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Qi
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Gong
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Duyin Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency and Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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17
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Pang W, Liu S, He F, Li X, Saira B, Zheng T, Chen J, Dong K, Pei XF. Anticancer activities of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil on malignant melanoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:180-189. [PMID: 30336305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (ZBM), a Chinese herb medicine and food additive, has been shown to have broad-spectrum beneficial effects. However, the anticancer activities of its seed have not been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY for the first time investigated the anti-proliferation activity of seed oil of ZBM (ZBSO) on melanoma A375 cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of ZBSO was analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. A375 cells exposure at different concentrations of ZBSO to examine the selectivity versus normal skin cells, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was employed to investigate potential anticancer mechanisms of ZBSO. RESULTS Major compounds of ZBSO were identified and unsaturated fatty acid made up the major compound. ZBSO-treated A375 cells showed more typical apoptotic morphologic features than normal cells. ZBSO can significantly inhibit invasion and proliferation of A375 cells by G1 phase arrest and induction of apoptosis. Transcriptome analysis showed that ZBSO may affect cell cycle and MAPK signaling pathway of A375 cells. CONCLUSION ZBSO possessed anticancer activities that were selectively effective to A375 cells. This study support the hypothesis that ZBSO is a capable candidate for anti-melanoma agent, and provide new insights for future work on investigating the utilization of ZBSO in malignant melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Pang
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School Of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Fangting He
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School Of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baloch Saira
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School Of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianli Zheng
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School Of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School Of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School Of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Pei
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School Of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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18
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Göl İ, Erkin Ö. Knowledge and practices of primary care providers on skin cancer and skin self-examination. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2018; 52:e03359. [PMID: 30304199 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2017039703359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the knowledge and practices related to skin cancer and skin self-examination of primary care providers. METHOD This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Turkey. The study was carried out in primary health centers such as family health centers, community health centers, early cancer detection centers and family planning centers in 2016-2017. Participants' socio-demographic characteristics, their knowledge and practices related to skin cancer, skin cancer risk factors and skin self-examination were determined. RESULTS The study population included 94 primary care providers. The symptoms of which the participants were most aware were changes in the color of moles or skin spots (95.71%), and of which participants were the least aware was the itching of a mole (71.43%). Among participants, the most recognized risk factor was having fair skin (97.14%), whereas the least known was the presence of birthmarks (24.29%). The mean scores the participants obtained from the questionnaire were as follows: 5.39±1.61 for skin cancer risk factors and 10.47±2.73 for skin cancer symptoms. Of the participants, 14.29% received training on skin self-examination, 38.57% knew how to perform skin self-examination, and 67.14% did not perform skin self-examination. Of the participants, 61.7% did not perform skin self-examination because they did not know what to look for. Of the participants, 85.71% did not have continuing education/workshop about skin self-examination after graduation. CONCLUSION Although the primary care providers' knowledge of skin cancer symptoms was adequate, their knowledge of skin cancer risk factors was not sufficient. Primary care providers' knowledge of skin self-examination was good, but they did not perform skin self-examination adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Göl
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Nursing, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Özüm Erkin
- Ege University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Public Health Nursing, İzmir, Turkey
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19
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Dhana A, Yen H, Li T, Holmes MD, Qureshi AA, Cho E. Intake of folate and other nutrients related to one-carbon metabolism and risk of cutaneous melanoma among US women and men. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 55:176-183. [PMID: 29990794 PMCID: PMC6097627 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism - folate, vitamins B6 and B12, methionine, choline, and betaine - have been inversely associated with multiple cancer sites and may be related to skin cancer. However, there is a lack of research on the association between intake of these nutrients and cutaneous melanoma risk. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between intake of one-carbon metabolism nutrients and cutaneous melanoma risk in two large prospective cohorts. METHODS The cohorts included 75,311 white women and 48,523 white men. Nutrient intake was assessed repeatedly by food frequency questionnaires and self-reported supplement use. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and then pooled HRs using a random-effects model. RESULTS Over 24-26 years of follow-up, we documented 1328 melanoma cases (648 men and 680 women). Higher intake of folate from food only, but not total folate, was associated with increased melanoma risk (pooled HR for top versus bottom quintile: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13-1.64; P for trend = 0.001). The association was significant in men, but attenuated in women. Higher intake of vitamins B6 and B12, choline, betaine, and methionine were not associated with melanoma risk, although there was modest increasing trend of risk for vitamin B6 from food only (pooled HR for top versus bottom quintile: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99-1.41; P for trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We found some evidence that higher intake of folate from food only was associated with a modest increased risk of cutaneous melanoma. However, since other factors related to dietary folate intake may account for the observed association, our findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashar Dhana
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Dermatology, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hsi Yen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tricia Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
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20
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Wang S, Sun S, Liu X, Ge N, Wang G, Guo J, Liu W, Wang S. Endoscopic diagnosis of primary anorectal melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:50133-50140. [PMID: 28412758 PMCID: PMC5564836 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study retrospectively analyzed case data from 12 patients diagnosed with anorectal melanoma, with the purpose of identifying key diagnostic features at endoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Images from colonoscopy were reviewed for all patients in order to establish the endoscopic features of primary anorectal melanoma. For the patients whose colonoscopic examinations included endoscopic ultrasound, images were examined to characterize lesions and the depth of infiltration, the results of which were compared with pathological findings after operative resection. RESULTS At colonoscopy, superficial melanin pigmentation was identified in 10 patients with anorectal melanoma, with morphology including spots, patches, or sheets of pigmentation. In patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound, lesions appeared as masses on the mucosal side with inhomogeneous or low-level internal echoes or ulcer-type lesions invading the muscularis propria. Lesions diagnosed as anorectal melanoma also demonstrated irregular margins and varying degrees of submucosal infiltration. Infiltration depth of melanoma via endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was concordant with surgical pathology results in 100% of patients. CONCLUSION Colonoscopy combined with biopsy and subsequent pathological examination can accurately diagnose primary anorectal melanoma. Moreover, EUS is a reliable tool for assessing the depth of infiltration of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Ge
- Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guoxin Wang
- Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jintao Guo
- Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shupeng Wang
- Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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21
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Waddell A, Star P, Guitera P. Advances in the use of reflectance confocal microscopy in melanoma. Melanoma Manag 2018; 5:MMT04. [PMID: 30190930 PMCID: PMC6122529 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a noninvasive high-resolution skin imaging tool that has become an important adjunct to clinical exam, dermoscopy and histopathology assessment, in the diagnosis and management of melanoma. RCM generates a horizontal view of the skin, whereby cellular and subcellular (e.g., nuclei, melanophages, collagen) structures, to the level of the upper dermis, are projected onto a screen at near-histological resolution. Morphologic descriptors, standardized terminology, and diagnostic algorithms are well established for the RCM assessment of melanoma, melanocytic, and nonmelanocytic lesions. Clinical applications of RCM in melanoma are broad and include diagnosis, assessment of large lesions on cosmetically sensitive areas, directing areas to biopsy, delineating margins prior to surgery, detecting response to treatment and assessing recurrence. This review will provide an overview of RCM technology, findings by melanoma subtype, clinical applications, as well as explore the accuracy of RCM for melanoma diagnosis, pitfalls and emerging uses of this technology ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréanne Waddell
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The Poche Centre, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medicine/Division of Dermatology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The Poche Centre, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Medicine/Division of Dermatology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Phoebe Star
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The Poche Centre, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The Poche Centre, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pascale Guitera
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The Poche Centre, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, The Poche Centre, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Xu B, Yao Y, Deng Y, Yang F, Ye T, Wang G, Cheng Z, Zheng Y, Xie Y. Hinokiflavone induces apoptosis in melanoma cells through the ROS-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and impairs cell migration and invasion. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:101-110. [PMID: 29635122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the highest degree of malignancy, is one of the most common skin tumors. However, there is no effective strategy to treat melanoma in current clinical practice. Therefore, it is urgent to find an efficient drug to overcome melanoma. Here, the in vitro anticancer effects of a natural product named hinokiflavone on three melanoma carcinoma cell lines (human melanoma A375 and CHL-1 cells, murine melanoma B16-F10 cells) and mechanisms of action were explored. The results of MTT assay revealed that hinokiflavone inhibited cell proliferation of these cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, hinokiflavone showed low toxicity to normal liver cells. Flow cytometry assay and EdU incorporation assay indicated that hinokiflavone affected A375 and B16 cells survival by inducing apoptosis and blocking cell cycle progression at S phase in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, hinokiflavone enhanced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential obviously. Furthermore, hinokiflavone effectively impaired A375 cells migration and invasion, and down-regulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) MMP2 and MMP9. The above-mentioned results demonstrated that hinokiflavone could be a novel chemotherapeutic agent in melanoma treatment by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arresting and blocking cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Yang
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, PR China
| | - Yange Zhang
- Cosmetic Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Luo
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, PR China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, PR China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Research Center for Occupational Respiratory Diseases, West China School of Public Health/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yuanle Deng
- Research Center for Occupational Respiratory Diseases, West China School of Public Health/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, PR China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou Province 563003, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, PR China.
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610064, PR China.
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Song X, Gao T, Lei Q, Zhang L, Yao Y, Xiong J. Piperlongumine Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells Via Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Mitochondria Disruption. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:502-511. [PMID: 29543494 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1445769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a devastating skin cancer due to its severe drug resistance and prompt metastasis. Piperlongumine is an anti-inflammation and tumor-suppressing natural product with defined structure. While numerous studies revealed exceptional inhibitory effects of piperlongumine on several carcinomas, few investigations were performed on melanoma. Therefore, the present study investigated the anti-tumor effects of piperlongumine on human melanoma cells in vitro, and explored the mechanisms of action. Results from cytotoxicity and proliferation studies demonstrated that piperlongumine inhibited cell growth in melanoma cell lines A375, A875, and B16-F10 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis showed that piperlongumine obstructed cell cycle progression at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in A375 cells. Mechanistic investigations illustrated that piperlongumine promoted reactive oxygen species production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, piperlongumine was reported to interfere with the expression of p21, p27, cleaved caspases-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which are typical regulators associated with cell proliferation, intrinsic apoptosis, and JNKs pathway. Taken together, these results strongly suggested that piperlongumine inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells via ROS mediated mitochondria disruption and JNKs pathway, and piperlongumine may exert promising potential for patients suffering from malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Song
- a Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine , West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan , China
| | - Tiantao Gao
- b State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Qian Lei
- b State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- b State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- a Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine , West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan , China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- a Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine , West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan , China
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24
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Erkin Ö, Ardahan M, Temel AB. Effects of Creating Awareness Through Photographs and Posters on Skin Self-Examination in Nursing Students. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2018; 33:52-58. [PMID: 27113468 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-016-1037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nurses can have an influence on primary and secondary prevention of skin cancer. Therefore, it is important to help them acquire knowledge and skills necessary to modify behavior in relation to skin cancers. The aim of this study was to examine effects of creating awareness through photographs and posters on knowledge and skills of skin self-examination in nursing students. The study had a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and a posttest in a single group. The study population included 249 last-year nursing students in Turkey. Non-probability sampling was used to reach the population. The study sample was composed of 201 students volunteering to participate in the study, and the response rate was 81 %. Of the students, 85.1 % (n = 171) were female and the mean age of the students was 22.18 ± 0.78 years. Of the students, 94.5 % did not know the asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution (ABCDE) criteria on the pretest, but this rate decreased to 20.9 % on the posttest. The mean score for knowledge of symptoms of skin cancer was 10.95 ± 1.37 on the pretest and 11.48 ± 0.90 on the posttest. There was a significant linear increase in the scores for knowledge of the symptoms (F = 7.874, p < 0.001) after the intervention with photographs and posters. The students were observed to learn the ABCDE criteria and had increased knowledge of skin cancer symptoms after the intervention using photographs and posters. Photographs and posters are effective tools which can be used to increase awareness of skin self-examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özüm Erkin
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Public Health Nursing, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Melek Ardahan
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Public Health Nursing, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayla Bayık Temel
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Public Health Nursing, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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25
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In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of CoQ0 against melanoma cells: inhibition of metastasis and induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis through modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22409-26. [PMID: 26968952 PMCID: PMC5008369 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a novel quinone derivative, has been shown to modulate cellular redox balance. However, effect of this compound on melanoma remains unclear. This study examined the in vitro or in vivo anti-tumor, apoptosis, and anti-metastasis activities of CoQ0 (0-20 μM) through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. CoQ0 exhibits a significant cytotoxic effect on melanoma cell lines (B16F10, B16F1, and A2058), while causing little toxicity toward normal (HaCaT) cells. The suppression of β-catenin was seen with CoQ0 administration accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional target c-myc, cyclin D1, and survivin through GSK3β-independent pathway. We found that CoQ0 treatment caused G1 cell-cycle arrest by reducing the levels of cyclin E and CDK4. Furthermore, CoQ0 treatment induced apoptosis through caspase-9/-3 activation, PARP degradation, Bcl-2/Bax dysregulation, and p53 expression. Notably, non- or sub-cytotoxic concentrations of CoQ0 markedly inhibited migration and invasion, accompanied by the down-regulation of MMP-2 and -9, and up-regulation of TIMP-1 and -2 expressions in highly metastatic B16F10 cells. Furthermore, the in vivo study results revealed that CoQ0 treatment inhibited the tumor growth in B16F10 xenografted nude mice. Histological analysis and western blotting confirmed that CoQ0 significantly decreased the xenografted tumor progression as demonstrated by induction of apoptosis, suppression of β-catenin, and inhibition of cell cycle-, apoptotic-, and metastatic-regulatory proteins. The data suggest that CoQ0 unveils a novel mechanism by down-regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathways and could be used as a potential lead compound for melanoma chemotherapy.
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26
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Coelho P, Silva L, Faria I, Vieria M, Monteiro A, Pinto G, Prudêncio C, Fernandes R, Soares R. Adipocyte Secretome Increases Radioresistance of Malignant Melanocytes by Improving Cell Survival and Decreasing Oxidative Status. Radiat Res 2017; 187:581-588. [PMID: 28362167 DOI: 10.1667/rr14551.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a treatment option for the majority of malignancies. However, because melanoma is known to be radioresistant, the use of ionizing radiation as an adjuvant therapy in cutaneous melanoma patients is ineffective. Obesity has now been recognized as a risk factor for melanoma. High adiposity is generally associated with a more pro-oxidative status. Oxidative stress is a major player in radiation therapy and also a common link between obesity and cancer. Several adipocyte-released proteins are known to have a role in controlling cellular growth and pro-survival signaling. For that reason, we investigated the influence of 3T3-L1 mature adipocyte secretome in B16-F10 malignant melanocyte radiosensitivity. We evaluated B16-F10 cell survival and redox homeostasis when exposed to four daily doses of ionizing radiation (2 Gy per day) up to a total of 8 Gy in a medical linear accelerator. B16-F10 melanocytes exhibited slight alterations in survival, catalase activity, nitrative stress and total oxidant concentration after the first 2 Gy irradiation. The motility of the melanocytes was also delayed by ionizing radiation. Subsequent irradiations of the malignant melanocytes led to more prominent reductions in overall survival. Remarkably, 3T3-L1 adipocyte-secreted molecules were able to increase the viability and migration of melanocytes, as well as lessen the pro-oxidant burden induced by both the single and cumulative X-ray doses. In vitro adipocyte-released factors protected B16-F10 malignant melanocytes from both oxidative stress and loss of viability triggered by radiation, enhancing the radioresistant phenotype of these cells with a concomitant activation of the AKT signaling pathway. These results both help to elucidate how obesity influences melanoma radioresistance and support the usage of conventional medical linear accelerators as a valid model for the in vitro radiobiological study of tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Coelho
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Liliana Silva
- b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Isabel Faria
- d Radioterapia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Vieria
- b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Armanda Monteiro
- e Serviço de Radioterapia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Pinto
- e Serviço de Radioterapia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Raquel Soares
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal
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Induction of G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis by a new tetrahydroingenol diterpenoid from Euphorbia erythradenia Bioss. in melanoma cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Heckman CJ, Handorf EA, Darlow SD, Ritterband LM, Manne SL. An online skin cancer risk-reduction intervention for young adults: Mechanisms of effects. Health Psychol 2016; 36:215-225. [PMID: 27819460 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study's purpose was to investigate moderator, implementation, and mediator variables related to the efficacy of UV4.me, an Internet intervention that decreased ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure and increased skin protection behaviors among young adults. METHOD A total of 965 18-25 year olds at risk for skin cancer were recruited nationally online. Participants were randomized to an experimental website (UV4.me), a control website, or assessment only. Participant characteristics (moderators), engagement with and perceptions of interventions (implementation measures), and exposure and protection attitudinal variables (mediators) were assessed. Linear regression and mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Intervention effects on skin protection were greater for participants with a family history of skin cancer (p = .01). Intervention effects on UV exposure were greater among recent indoor tanners (p = .04). Improvements in skin protection (but not UV exposure) were associated with perceiving the interventions as satisfying or helpful (ps < .01). The experimental group had better outcomes if they completed more modules (ps < .01) or set more behavioral goals (ps < .01). Knowledge and exposure decisional balance mediated intervention effects for UV exposure (ps < .05), and protection decisional balance, self-efficacy, and intentions mediated intervention effects for protection (ps < .05). CONCLUSIONS The experimental intervention was more efficacious for certain high risk groups. The more individuals liked and engaged with the interventions (e.g., by setting goals), the better their outcomes. Mediation results inform theory about change mechanisms and differed by behavioral outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sharon L Manne
- ncer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
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29
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Mao XH, Chen M, Wang Y, Cui PG, Liu SB, Xu ZY. MicroRNA-21 regulates the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway to affect the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells by targeting SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:886-894. [PMID: 27533779 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the effects of microRNA-21 (miR-21) and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway on human melanoma A375 cells. The melanoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 45 melanoma patients. qRT-PCR was conducted to quantify the expression of miR-21 and the gene mRNA expressions. Human melanoma A375 cells were divided into the Mock, negative control (NC), miR-21 inhibitors, miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-SPRY1, miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-PDCD4, and miR-21 inhibitors + siRNA-PTEN groups. Western blotting was used to determine protein expressions. CCK8 assay and Transwell assay were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A375 cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining was adopted to detect cell apoptosis. MiR-21 expression was higher in melanoma tissues than in adjacent tissues, while the mRNA and protein expressions of SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN were lower in melanoma tissues than in adjacent tissues. Compared with the Mock and NC groups, the miR-21 inhibitors group exhibited increased expressions of SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN and decreased expressions of ERK, p-ERK, NF-κB p65, and p-NF-κB p65. After transfection of miR-21 inhibitors, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A375 cells were inhibited, while the apoptosis of A375 cells was promoted. However, the effects of miR-21 inhibitors on the growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of A375 cells were reversed after transfection of siRNA-SPRY1, siRNA-PDCD4, or siRNA-PTEN. MiR-21 can promote the proliferation, migration, and inhibit the apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells by inhibiting SPRY1, PDCD4, and PTEN via ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hua Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Pan-Gen Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Si-Bian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Zei-Yong Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
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30
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Yang Y, Xing Y, Liang C, Hu L, Xu F, Mei Q. Screening genes associated with melanoma using a combined analysis of mRNA and methylation microarray. GENE REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Heckman CJ, Darlow SD, Ritterband LM, Handorf EA, Manne SL. Efficacy of an Intervention to Alter Skin Cancer Risk Behaviors in Young Adults. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:1-11. [PMID: 26810358 PMCID: PMC4914462 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin cancer is the most common cancer, and its incidence is increasing. Young adults expose themselves to large amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and engage in minimal skin protection, which increases their risk. Internet interventions are effective in modifying health behaviors and are highly disseminable. The current study's purpose was to test an Internet intervention to decrease UV exposure and increase skin protection behavior among young adults. STUDY DESIGN RCT conducted in 2014, with data analyzed in 2015. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS A national sample of adults aged 18-25 years at moderate to high risk of developing skin cancer by a self-report measure was recruited online. INTERVENTION Participants were randomized to one of three intervention conditions: assessment only, the website of a skin cancer organization, or a tailored interactive multimedia Internet intervention program (UV4.me) based on the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported overall UV exposure and skin protection assessed at 3 and 12 weeks after baseline. Secondary outcomes were self-reported intentional and incidental UV exposure, sunburns, sunscreen use, and skin cancer screening. RESULTS For the intervention arm, there were significant decreases in UV exposure and increases in skin protection at both follow-up time points compared with the assessment-only condition (p<0.001). The effect sizes (Cohen's d) comparing the experimental and assessment-only arm for exposure behaviors were 0.41 at 3-week follow-up and 0.43 at 12-week follow-up. The effect sizes for protection behaviors were 0.41 at 3-week follow-up and 0.53 at 12-week follow-up. The control condition was not significantly different from the assessment only condition. All three conditions exhibited decreased exposure and increased protection at both follow-ups (p<0.01), but the effect was much stronger in the intervention group. Secondary outcomes were generally also significantly improved in the intervention condition compared with the other conditions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first published report describing the results of an RCT of an Internet intervention to modify skin cancer risk behaviors among young adults. The UV4.me intervention significantly improved self-reported skin cancer prevention behaviors. Future research will investigate mechanisms of change and approaches for dissemination. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02147080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Heckman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Susan D Darlow
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lee M Ritterband
- BeHealth Solutions, LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia; University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Sharon L Manne
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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32
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Cryptotanshinone induces melanoma cancer cells apoptosis via ROS-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and impairs cell migration and invasion. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:319-26. [PMID: 27470369 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer because it is highly frequency of drug resistance and can spread earlier and more quickly than other skin cancers. The objective of this research was to investigate the anticancer effects of cryptotanshinone on human melanoma cells in vitro, and explored its mechanisms of action. Our results have shown that cryptotanshinone could inhibit cell proliferation in human melanoma cell lines A2058, A375, and A875 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, flow cytometry assay showed that cryptotanshinone inhibited the proliferation of human melanoma cell line A375 by blocking cell cycle progression in G2/M phase and inducing apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, western blot analysis indicated that the occurrence of its apoptosis was associated with upregulation of cleaved caspases-3 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax while downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Meanwhile, cryptotanshinone could decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, cryptotanshinone also blocked A375 cell migration and invasion in vitro which was associated with the downregulation with MMP-9. Taken together, these results suggested that cryptotanshinone might be a potential drug in human melanoma treatment by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis via ROS-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and blocking cell migration and invasion.
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Tocilizumab unmasks a stage-dependent interleukin-6 component in statin-induced apoptosis of metastatic melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2016; 25:284-94. [PMID: 26020489 PMCID: PMC4492793 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-6 inhibits the growth of early-stage melanoma cells, but not metastatic cells. Metastatic melanoma cells are susceptible to statin-induced apoptosis, but this is not clear for early-stage melanoma cells. This study aimed to investigate the IL-6 susceptibility of melanoma cells from different stages in the presence of simvastatin to overcome loss of growth arrest. ELISA was used to detect secreted IL-6 in human melanoma cells. The effects of IL-6 were measured by western blots for STAT3 and Bcl-2 family proteins. Apoptosis and proliferation were measured by caspase 3 activity, Annexin V staining, cell cycle analysis, and a wound-healing assay. Human metastatic melanoma cells A375 and 518A2 secrete high amounts of IL-6, in contrast to early-stage WM35 cells. Canonical IL-6 signaling is intact in these cells, documented by transient phosphorylation of STAT3. Although WM35 cells are highly resistant to simvastatin-induced apoptosis, coadministration with IL-6 enhanced the susceptibility to undergo apoptosis. This proapoptotic effect of IL-6 might be explained by a downregulation of Bcl-XL, observed only in WM35 cells. Furthermore, the IL-6 receptor blocking antibody tocilizumab was coadministered and unmasked an IL-6-sensitive proportion in the simvastatin-induced caspase 3 activity of metastatic melanoma cells. These results confirm that simvastatin facilitates apoptosis in combination with IL-6. Although endogenous IL-6 secretion is sufficient in metastatic melanoma cells, exogenously added IL-6 is needed for WM35 cells. This effect may explain the failure of simvastatin to reduce melanoma incidence in clinical trials and meta-analyses.
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Coelho P, Almeida J, Prudêncio C, Fernandes R, Soares R. Effect of Adipocyte Secretome in Melanoma Progression and Vasculogenic Mimicry. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1697-706. [PMID: 26666522 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, favored by the modern lifestyle, acquired epidemic proportions nowadays. Obesity has been associated with various major causes of death and morbidity including malignant neoplasms. This increased prevalence has been accompanied by a worldwide increase in cutaneous melanoma incidence rates during the last decades. Obesity involvement in melanoma aetiology has been recognized, but the implicated mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we address this relationship and investigate the influence of adipocytes secretome on B16-F10 and MeWo melanoma cell lines. Using the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, as well as ex vivo subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue conditioned medium, we were able to show that adipocyte-released factors play a dual role in increasing melanoma cell overall survival, both by enhancing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis. B16-F10 cell migration and cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion capacity were predominantly enhanced in the presence of SAT and VAT released factors. Melanocytes morphology and melanin content were also altered by exposure to adipocyte conditioned medium disclosing a more dedifferentiated phenotype of melanocytes. In addition, exposure to adipocyte-secreted molecules induced melanocytes to rearrange, on 3D cultures, into vessel-like structures, and generate characteristic vasculogenic mimicry patterns. These findings are corroborated by the released factors profile of 3T3-L1, SAT, and VAT assessed by microarrays, and led us to highlight the mechanisms by which adipose secretome from sub-cutaneous or visceral depots promote melanoma progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1697-1706, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Almeida
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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35
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Heckman C, Darlow S, Munshi T, Caruso C, Ritterband L, Raivitch S, Fleisher L, Manne S. Development of an Internet Intervention to Address Behaviors Associated with Skin Cancer Risk among Young Adults. Internet Interv 2015; 2:340-350. [PMID: 26640776 PMCID: PMC4669098 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the US, and its incidence is increasing. The major risk factor for skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV). Young adults tend to expose themselves to large amounts of UV and engage in minimal skin protection, which increases their skin cancer risk. Interventions are needed to address risk behaviors among young adults that may lead to skin cancer. The nternet offers a cost-effective way to widely disseminate efficacious interventions. The current paper describes the development of an online skin cancer risk reduction intervention (UV4.me) for young adults. PROCEDURES The iterative development process for UV4.me followed best-practice guidelines and included the following activities: individual interviews, focus groups, content development by the expert team, acceptability testing, cognitive interviewing for questionnaires, quality control testing, usability testing, and a pilot randomized controlled trial. Participant acceptability and usability feedback was assessed. PRINCIPAL RESULTS The development process produced an evidence-informed intervention that is individually-tailored, interactive, and multimedia in nature based on the Integrative Model of Behavior Prediction, a model for internet interventions, and other best-practice recommendations, expert input, as well as user acceptability and usability feedback gathered before, during, and after development. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Development of an acceptable intervention intended to have a significant public health impact requires a relatively large investment in time, money, expertise, and ongoing user input. Lessons learned and recommendations are discussed. The comprehensive process used may help prepare others interested in creating similar behavioral health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Heckman
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Susan Darlow
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Teja Munshi
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Carolyn Caruso
- BeHealth Solutions, LLC, 375 Greenbrier Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22901
| | - Lee Ritterband
- BeHealth Solutions, LLC, 375 Greenbrier Drive, Charlottesville, VA 22901,University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee Street, Charlottesvile, VA 22908
| | | | - Linda Fleisher
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Sharon Manne
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1914
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EWI-2 negatively regulates TGF-β signaling leading to altered melanoma growth and metastasis. Cell Res 2015; 25:370-85. [PMID: 25656846 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In normal melanocytes, TGF-β signaling has a cytostatic effect. However, in primary melanoma cells, TGF-β-induced cytostasis is diminished, thus allowing melanoma growth. Later, a second phase of TGF-β signaling supports melanoma EMT-like changes, invasion and metastasis. In parallel with these "present-absent-present" TGF-β signaling phases, cell surface protein EWI motif-containing protein 2 (EWI-2 or IgSF8) is "absent-present-absent" in melanocytes, primary melanoma, and metastatic melanoma, respectively, suggesting that EWI-2 may serve as a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling. Using melanoma cell lines and melanoma short-term cultures, we performed RNAi and overexpression experiments and found that EWI-2 negatively regulates TGF-β signaling and its downstream events including cytostasis (in vitro and in vivo), EMT-like changes, cell migration, CD271-dependent invasion, and lung metastasis (in vivo). When EWI-2 is present, it associates with cell surface tetraspanin proteins CD9 and CD81 - molecules not previously linked to TGF-β signaling. Indeed, when associated with EWI-2, CD9 and CD81 are sequestered and have no impact on TβR2-TβR1 association or TGF-β signaling. However, when EWI-2 is knocked down, CD9 and CD81 become available to provide critical support for TβR2-TβR1 association, thus markedly elevating TGF-β signaling. Consequently, all of those TGF-β-dependent functions specifically arising due to EWI-2 depletion are reversed by blocking or depleting cell surface tetraspanin proteins CD9 or CD81. These results provide new insights into regulation of TGF-β signaling in melanoma, uncover new roles for tetraspanins CD9 and CD81, and strongly suggest that EWI-2 could serve as a favorable prognosis indicator for melanoma patients.
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Egger G, Dixon J. Beyond obesity and lifestyle: a review of 21st century chronic disease determinants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:731685. [PMID: 24804239 PMCID: PMC3997940 DOI: 10.1155/2014/731685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic and associated chronic diseases are often attributed to modern lifestyles. The term "lifestyle" however, ignores broader social, economic, and environmental determinants while inadvertently "blaming the victim." Seen more eclectically, lifestyle encompasses distal, medial, and proximal determinants. Hence any analysis of causality should include all these levels. The term "anthropogens," or "…man-made environments, their by-products and/or lifestyles encouraged by these, some of which may be detrimental to human health" provides a monocausal focus for chronic diseases similar to that which the germ theory afforded infectious diseases. Anthropogens have in common an ability to induce a form of chronic, low-level systemic inflammation ("metaflammation"). A review of anthropogens, based on inducers with a metaflammatory association, is conducted here, together with the evidence for each in connection with a number of chronic diseases. This suggests a broader view of lifestyle and a focus on determinants, rather than obesity and lifestyle per se as the specific causes of modern chronic disease. Under such an analysis, obesity is seen more as "a canary in a mineshaft" signaling problems in the broader environment, suggesting that population obesity management should be focused more upstream if chronic diseases are to be better managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Egger
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 313, Balgowlah, Lismore, NSW 2093, Australia
| | - John Dixon
- Clinical Obesity Research, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the common neoplasms, infections, and inflammatory dermatoses that may present around or near the mouth. Dental professionals are well positioned to evaluate perioral skin conditions, further contributing to patients' general health. This article includes a review of seborrheic keratosis, warts, actinic keratoses, actinic cheilitis, and squamous cell carcinoma, among several other perioral cutaneous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey F S Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Drexel University College of Medicine, The Arnold T. Berman, M.D. Building, 219 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Carrie Ann R Cusack
- Department of Dermatology, Drexel University College of Medicine, The Arnold T. Berman, M.D. Building, 219 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joseph M Kist
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, South Pavilion, 1st Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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39
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Zhang L, Cheng F, He R, Chen H, Liu Y, Sun J. Inhibition of SATB1 by shRNA suppresses the proliferation of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2014; 29:77-82. [PMID: 24392879 PMCID: PMC3929234 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2013.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1), a global genome organizer, as a predictor of poor prognosis in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) attracted great interest in previous research. In this article, upregulated SATB1 was observed in three melanoma cell lines and in eight CMM tissues. After downregulating SATB1 by RNAi, proliferation of A375 was suppressed in vitro and in vivo. In summary, the proliferation of CMM could be related closely to the SATB1 gene. Interference of this gene may be a promising method for CMM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xingtai People's Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Runzhi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xingtai People's Hospital, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfang Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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40
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Ahn CS, Davis SA, Dabade TS, Williford PM, Feldman SR. Noncosmetic skin-related procedures performed in the United States: an analysis of national ambulatory medical care survey data from 1995 to 2010. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39:1912-21. [PMID: 24238091 DOI: 10.1111/dsu.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demand for dermatologic care is increasing alongside a known shortage of physicians in the dermatology workforce. Changes in the volume of dermatologic procedures over time and the physician specialties involved in skin-related procedural care are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of dermatologic procedures performed in the United States between 1995 and 2010 and to analyze the changes in the procedures and physicians performing procedures over time. METHODS The annual volume of skin-related procedures performed by physician specialties and the rate of procedures performed per physician was determined from data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) between 1995 to 2004 and 2007 to 2010. RESULTS Dermatologists and primary care physicians performed most procedures (54.7% and 19.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Dermatologists perform a larger volume of procedures than in the past, although the proportion of procedures performed by dermatologists is unchanged, and other physician specialties are performing more skin-related procedures to meet increasing demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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41
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Colombino M, Lissia A, Capone M, De Giorgi V, Massi D, Stanganelli I, Fonsatti E, Maio M, Botti G, Caracò C, Mozzillo N, Ascierto PA, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Heterogeneous distribution of BRAF/NRAS mutations among Italian patients with advanced melanoma. J Transl Med 2013; 11:202. [PMID: 23987572 PMCID: PMC3765741 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence and distribution of pathogenetic mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes were evaluated in multiple melanoma lesions from patients with different geographical origin within the same Italian population. METHODS Genomic DNA from a total of 749 tumor samples (451 primary tumors and 298 metastases) in 513 consecutively-collected patients with advanced melanoma (AJCC stages III and IV) was screened for mutations in exon 15 of BRAF gene and, at lower extension (354/513; 69%), in the entire coding DNA of NRAS gene by automated direct sequencing. Among tissues, 236 paired samples of primary melanomas and synchronous or asynchronous metastases were included into the screening. RESULTS Overall, mutations were detected in 49% primary melanomas and 51% metastases, for BRAF gene, and 15% primary tumors and 16% secondaries, for NRAS gene. A heterogeneous distribution of mutations in both genes was observed among the 451 primary melanomas according to patients' geographical origin: 61% vs. 42% (p = 0.0372) BRAF-mutated patients and 2% vs. 21% (p < 0.0001) NRAS-mutated cases were observed in Sardinian and non-Sardinian populations, respectively. Consistency in BRAF/NRAS mutations among paired samples was high for lymph node (91%) and visceral metastases (92.5%), but significantly lower for brain (79%; p = 0.0227) and skin (71%; p = 0.0009) metastases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings about the two main alterations occurring in the different tumor tissues from patients with advanced melanoma may be helpful in improving the management of such a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Colombino
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, Baldinca Li Punti 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Amelia Lissia
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Massi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - Ester Fonsatti
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital (AOU), Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital (AOU), Siena, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Caracò
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mozzillo
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Cossu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, Baldinca Li Punti 07100, Sassari, Italy
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42
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Keller AK, Uter W, Pfahlberg AB, Radespiel-Tröger M, Gefeller O. Seasonality of cutaneous melanoma diagnoses: a comprehensive comparison of results in Bavaria and Northern Ireland. Melanoma Res 2013; 23:321-30. [PMID: 23629624 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e3283619251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is an established skin carcinogen. By analysing the seasonality of melanoma diagnoses, the effect of this risk factor can be examined indirectly. However, previous studies yielded conflicting results, because of vastly differing analytical methods and diverse study designs. Therefore, to validate the findings by Chaillol and colleagues based on 3868 melanoma diagnoses from Northern Ireland, we used an identical methodology to examine the seasonal effects on monthly incidences of 11,901 cutaneous malignant melanoma cases registered from 2003 until 2008 in Bavaria, Germany. Multivariable regression models for count data were used to estimate the effect of seasons while taking into account sex, age, year of diagnosis, Breslow thickness and anatomical site. Point and interval estimates of the adjusted relative risks associated with seasons were compared with the findings of the Irish study. Both analyses demonstrated a promoting effect of intermittent ultraviolet radiation on cutaneous melanoma of a thickness of 2 mm or less evolving on the extremities, whereas no seasonality for melanomas on the trunk was evident. Differences were identified with regard to thick melanomas. In the present analysis, only melanomas with a Breslow thickness of more than 2 mm were also found to be associated with season, in particular, the melanomas on the limbs. Hence, in contrast to the data of, and to the interpretation by, Chaillol and colleagues, an effect of ultraviolet radiation on melanoma progression from thin to thick cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Keller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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43
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Mert I, Semaan A, Winer I, Morris RT, Ali-Fehmi R. Vulvar/vaginal melanoma: an updated surveillance epidemiology and end results database review, comparison with cutaneous melanoma and significance of racial disparities. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2013; 23:1118-25. [PMID: 23765206 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e3182980ffb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the differences in demographic features, clinicopathologic features, and survival in patients with vulvar/vaginal melanoma versus cutaneous melanoma with a special emphasis on race. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database from 1973 to 2008. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox multivariate model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Seven hundred sixty-two patients with vulvar/vaginal melanoma and 55,485 patients with cutaneous melanoma patients were included in the study. Twenty-eight patients of the vulvar/vaginal group and 334 patients of the cutaneous group were black (3.6% vs 0.6%, respectively). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 68 years in the vulvar/vaginal group and 52 years in the cutaneous group (P < 0.0001). Three hundred fifty patients (45.9%) in the vulvar/vaginal and 46,499 patients (83.8%) in the cutaneous group presented with localized disease (P < 0.0001), whereas 64 patients (8.4%) in the vulvar/vaginal group and 1520 patients (2.7%) in cutaneous group presented with advanced disease (P = 0.0081). The median survival of the black patients was 16 months in the vulvar/vaginal group and 124 months in the cutaneous melanoma group (P < 0.0001). The median survival in the nonblack population was 39 months in the vulvar/vaginal group compared to 319 months in the cutaneous melanoma group (P <0.0001). In multivariate analysis performed for patients between 1988 and 2008, age, stage, and positive lymph nodes were negative independent prognostic factors for survival in vulvar/vaginal melanoma; whereas age, race, stage, radiation therapy, and lymph node positivity were negative prognostic factors in cutaneous melanoma. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize that cutaneous and vulvar/vaginal melanomas have different clinicopathologic features and survival patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Mert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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44
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Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has many interactions with the skin, which are explored in detail in this review. Both ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) wavelengths are absorbed by chromophores in the skin, resulting in important biologic effects. Exposure to UVR can result in sunburn, immediate and delayed skin pigmentation, photoaging, and immunosuppression. In addition, exposure to UVA and UVB is an important risk factor for melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Because endogenous vitamin D synthesis requires UVB, concerns have been raised about the possibility that photoprotection might contribute to vitamin D deficiency; however, vitamin D supplementation is a safer and more reliable method for maintaining adequate vitamin D levels than UVR exposure. Protection from UVR is critical and involves several factors. These elements include sun avoidance during peak hours of UVR exposure (10 am to 2 pm), proper application of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with adequate sun protection factor, and wearing protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and protective eyewear. Indoor tanning is a high-risk activity that is likely contributing to recent increases in melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in young women, and efforts are ongoing to ban minors from engaging in indoor tanning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry W. Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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45
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Council ML. Common skin cancers in older adults: approach to diagnosis and management. Clin Geriatr Med 2013; 29:361-72. [PMID: 23571033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most common malignancies to affect the elderly, and the incidence of cutaneous neoplasia is rising. The purpose of this article is to review the most common and deadly forms of skin cancer: malignant melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, staging, and treatment are discussed for each of these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laurin Council
- Center for Dermatologic and Cosmetic Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 969 North Mason Road, Suite 200, St Louis, MO 63141, USA.
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Wardwell-Ozgo J, Dogruluk T, Gifford A, Zhang Y, Heffernan TP, van Doorn R, Creighton CJ, Chin L, Scott KL. HOXA1 drives melanoma tumor growth and metastasis and elicits an invasion gene expression signature that prognosticates clinical outcome. Oncogene 2013; 33:1017-26. [PMID: 23435427 PMCID: PMC3982326 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a highly lethal disease notorious for its aggressive clinical course and eventual resistance to existing therapies. Currently we possess a limited understanding of the genetic events driving melanoma progression, and much effort is focused on identifying pro-metastatic aberrations or perturbed signaling networks that constitute new therapeutic targets. In this study, we validate and assess the mechanism by which homeobox transcription factor A1 (HOXA1), a pro-invasion oncogene previously identified in a metastasis screen by our group, contributes to melanoma progression. Transcriptome and pathway profiling analyses of cells expressing HOXA1 reveals up-regulation of factors involved in diverse cytokine pathways that include the TGFβ signaling axis, which we further demonstrate to be required for HOXA1-mediated cell invasion in melanoma cells. Transcriptome profiling also shows HOXA1’s ability to potently down-regulate expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and other genes required for melanocyte differentiation, suggesting a mechanism by which HOXA1 expression de-differentiates cells into a pro-invasive cell state concomitant with TGFβ activation. Our analysis of publicly available datasets indicate that the HOXA1-induced gene signature successfully categorizes melanoma specimens based on their metastatic potential and, importantly, is capable of stratifying melanoma patient risk for metastasis based on expression in primary tumors. Together, these validation data and mechanistic insights suggest that patients whose primary tumors express HOXA1 are among a high-risk metastasis subgroup that should be considered for anti-TGFβ therapy in adjuvant settings. Moreover, further analysis of HOXA1 target genes in melanoma may reveal new pathways or targets amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wardwell-Ozgo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Dogruluk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Gifford
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Chin
- 1] Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA [2] Department of Genomic Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K L Scott
- 1] Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA [2] Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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47
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Serum Fatty acids and risk of cutaneous melanoma: a population-based case-control study. Dermatol Res Pract 2013; 2013:659394. [PMID: 23431289 PMCID: PMC3569884 DOI: 10.1155/2013/659394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Some observational studies have suggested that excess dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid increases cutaneous melanoma risk. We aimed at examining the association between serum fatty acids and melanoma risk by conducting a population-based case-control study in a northern Italy community. Methods. The percentage composition of 12 fatty acids was determined in 51 newly diagnosed melanoma patients and 51 age- and sex-matched population controls by extracting total lipids from serum samples using thin layer and gas chromatography. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk of melanoma associated with tertiles of percentage composition of each fatty acid as well as groupings including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results. We found a slightly increased melanoma risk for stearic and arachidic acids proportion, with and without adjustment for potential confounders. For an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosapentaenoic acid, we found a male-specific direct association with melanoma risk. No other associations emerged for the other saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, individually or grouped by type. Conclusions. These findings do not suggest a major role of fatty acids, including linoleic acid, on risk of cutaneous melanoma, though their evaluation is limited by the small sample size.
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