1
|
Zheng S, Sheng R. The emerging understanding of Frizzled receptors. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1939-1954. [PMID: 38744670 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a huge network governing development and homeostasis, dysregulation of which is associated with a myriad of human diseases. The Frizzled receptor (FZD) family comprises receptors for Wnt ligands, which indispensably mediate Wnt signaling jointly with a variety of co-receptors. Studies of FZDs have revealed that 10 FZD subtypes play diverse roles in physiological processes. At the same time, dysregulation of FZDs is also responsible for various diseases, in particular human cancers. Enormous attention has been paid to the molecular understanding and targeted therapy of FZDs in the past decade. In this review, we summarize the latest research on FZD structure, function, regulation and targeted therapy, providing a basis for guiding future research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqin Zheng
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ren Sheng
- College of Life and Health Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han X, Yang Q, Lu Y, Xu M, Tao Q, Jiang S, He X, Bai Y, Zhang T, Bai L, Hu J, Zhu Y, Liu H, Li L. Genome-wide association study reveals the candidate genes of humerus quality in laying duck. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103851. [PMID: 38806002 PMCID: PMC11154710 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone plays a crucial role in poultry's health and production. However, during the selection and cage farming, there has been a decline in bone quality. As the development of breeding theory, researchers find that it's possible to enhance bone quality through selective breeding.This study measure 8 humerus quality in 260 samples of the 350-day-old female duck. By descripting the basic characteristic traits, mechanical property traits we found that all the bone quality traits had a large variable coefficient, especially mechanical properties trait (20-70%), indicating that there was a large difference in bone health status among laying ducks. The phenotypic correlations showed a high correlation between weight and density, diameter and perimeter, breaking and toughness (r = 0.52-0.68). And then, we performed the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) to reveal the candidate genes of humerus quality in ducks. Seven candidate protein-coding genes were identified with perimeter trait, and 52 protein-coding genes were associated with toughness trait. We also analysed the candidate region and performed KEGG and GO analyse for 75 candidate genes. Furthermore, the expression analyse of the above candidate genes in different stage of humerus and different tissues were performed. Finally, AP2A2, SMAD3, SMNDC1, NFIA, EPHB2, PMEPA1, UNC5C, ESR1, VAV3, NFATC2 deserve further focus. The obtained results can contribute to new insight into bone quality and provide new genetic biomarkers for application in duck breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qinglan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yinjuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mengru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiuyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shuaixue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lili Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuanchun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - HeHe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
LRP2 contributes to planar cell polarity-dependent coordination of motile cilia function. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 392:535-551. [PMID: 36764939 PMCID: PMC10172251 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Motile cilia are protruding organelles on specialized epithelia that beat in a synchronous fashion to propel extracellular fluids. Coordination and orientation of cilia beating on individual cells and across tissues is a complex process dependent on planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling. Asymmetric sorting of PCP pathway components, essential to establish planar polarity, involves trafficking along the endocytic path, but the underlying regulatory processes remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified the endocytic receptor LRP2 as regulator of PCP component trafficking in ependyma, a multi-ciliated cell type that is involved in facilitating flow of the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricular system. Lack of receptor expression in gene-targeted mice results in a failure to sort PCP core proteins to the anterior or posterior cell side and, consequently, in the inability to coordinate cilia arrangement and to aligned beating (loss of rotational and translational polarity). LRP2 deficiency coincides with a failure to sort NHERF1, a cytoplasmic LRP2 adaptor to the anterior cell side. As NHERF1 is essential to translocate PCP core protein Vangl2 to the plasma membrane, these data suggest a molecular mechanism whereby LRP2 interacts with PCP components through NHERF1 to control their asymmetric sorting along the endocytic path. Taken together, our findings identified the endocytic receptor LRP2 as a novel regulator of endosomal trafficking of PCP proteins, ensuring their asymmetric partition and establishment of translational and rotational planar cell polarity in the ependyma.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mani I, Singh V. An overview of receptor endocytosis and signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:1-18. [PMID: 36631188 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a cellular process which mediates receptor internalization, nutrient uptake, and the regulation of cell signaling. Microorganisms (many bacteria and viruses) and toxins also use the same process and enter the cells. Generally, endocytosis is considered in the three forms such as phagocytosis (cell eating), pinocytosis (cell drinking), and highly selective receptor-mediated endocytosis (clathrin-dependent and independent). Several endocytic routes exist in an analogous, achieving diverse functions. Most studies on endocytosis have used transformed cells in culture. To visualize the receptor internalization, trafficking, and signaling in subcellular organelles, a green fluorescent protein-tagged receptor has been utilized. It also helps to visualize the endocytosis effects in live-cell imaging. Confocal laser microscopy increases our understanding of receptor endocytosis and signaling. Site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that many short-sequence motifs of the cytoplasmic domain of receptors significantly play a vital role in receptor internalization, subcellular trafficking, and signaling. However, other factors also regulate receptor internalization through clathrin-coated vesicles. Receptor endocytosis can occur through clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent pathways. This chapter briefly discusses the internalization, trafficking, and signaling of various receptors in normal conditions. In addition, it also highlights the malfunction of the receptor in disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pandita P, Bhalla R, Saini A, Mani I. Emerging tools for studying receptor endocytosis and signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:19-48. [PMID: 36631193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ligands, agonists, or antagonists use receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) to reach their intracellular targets. After the internalization of ligand-receptor complexes, it traffics through different subcellular organelles such as early endosome, recycling endosome, lysosome, etc. Further, after the ligand binding to the receptor, different second messengers are generated, such as cGMP, cAMP, IP3, etc. Several methods have been used, such as radioligand binding assay, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, microRNA/siRNA, and bioassays to understand the various events, such as internalization, subcellular trafficking, signaling, metabolic degradation, etc. This chapter briefly discusses the key principles and methods used to study internalization, subcellular trafficking, signaling, and metabolic degradation of numerous receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Pandita
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhea Bhalla
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashok Saini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bjorkli C, Hemler M, Julian JB, Sandvig A, Sandvig I. Combined targeting of pathways regulating synaptic formation and autophagy attenuates Alzheimer’s disease pathology in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:913971. [PMID: 36052130 PMCID: PMC9426773 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.913971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All drug trials completed to date have fallen short of meeting the clinical endpoint of significantly slowing cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. In this study, we repurposed two FDA-approved drugs, Fasudil and Lonafarnib, targeting synaptic formation (i.e., Wnt signaling) and cellular clearance (i.e., autophagic) pathways respectively, to test their therapeutic potential for attenuating AD-related pathology. We characterized our 3xTg AD mouse colony to select timepoints for separate and combinatorial treatment of both drugs while collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using an optimized microdialysis method. We found that treatment with Fasudil reduced Aβ at early and later stages of AD, whereas administration of Lonafarnib had no effect on Aβ, but did reduce tau, at early stages of the disease. Induction of autophagy led to increased size of amyloid plaques when administered at late phases of the disease. We show that combinatorial treatment with both drugs was effective at reducing intraneuronal Aβ and led to improved cognitive performance in mice. These findings lend support to regulating Wnt and autophagic pathways in order to attenuate AD-related pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Bjorkli
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Christiana Bjorkli,
| | - Mary Hemler
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joshua B. Julian
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Axel Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neuro Head and Neck, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ioanna Sandvig
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang F, Cao F, Lu C, He X, Weng L, Sun L. Dvl2 facilitates the coordination of NF-κB and Wnt signaling to promote colitis-associated colorectal progression. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:565-575. [PMID: 34807493 PMCID: PMC8819304 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CAC) arises due to prolonged inflammation and has distinct molecular events compared with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Although inflammatory NF‐κB signaling was activated by pro‐inflammatory cytokines (such as TNFα) in early stages of CAC, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling later appears to function as a key regulator of CAC progression. However, the exact mechanism responsible for the cross‐regulation between these 2 pathways remains unclear. Here, we found reciprocal inhibition between NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in CAC samples, and the Dvl2, an adaptor protein of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, is responsible for NF‐κB inhibition. Mechanistically, Dvl2 interacts with the C‐terminus of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFRI) and mediates TNFRI endocytosis, leading to NF‐κB signal inhibition. In addition, increased infiltration of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) is responsible for upregulating Dvl2 expression through STAT6. Targeting STAT6 effectively decreases Dvl2 levels and restrains colony formation of cancer cells. These findings demonstrate a unique role for Dvl2 in TNFRI endocytosis, which facilitates the coordination of NF‐κB and Wnt to promote CAC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Tang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Fuyang Cao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lojk J, Marc J. Roles of Non-Canonical Wnt Signalling Pathways in Bone Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10840. [PMID: 34639180 PMCID: PMC8509327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathway is one of the central signalling pathways in bone development, homeostasis and regulation of bone mineral density. It consists of numerous Wnt ligands, receptors and co-receptors, which ensure tight spatiotemporal regulation of Wnt signalling pathway activity and thus tight regulation of bone tissue homeostasis. This enables maintenance of optimal mineral density, tissue healing and adaptation to changes in bone loading. While the role of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signalling pathway in bone homeostasis is relatively well researched, Wnt ligands can also activate several non-canonical, β-catenin independent signalling pathways with important effects on bone tissue. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge on different non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways involved in bone biology, focusing especially on the pathways that affect bone cell differentiation, maturation and function, processes involved in bone tissue structure regulation. We will describe the role of the two most known non-canonical pathways (Wnt/planar cell polarity pathways and Wnt/Ca2+ pathway), as well as other signalling pathways with a strong role in bone biology that communicate with the Wnt signalling pathway through non-canonical Wnt signalling. Our goal is to bring additional attention to these still not well researched but important pathways in the regulation of bone biology in the hope of prompting additional research in the area of non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lojk
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- University Clinical Center Ljubljana, Clinical Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramesh ST, Navyasree KV, Sah S, Ashok AB, Qathoon N, Mohanty S, Swain RK, Umasankar PK. BMP2K phosphorylates AP-2 and regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Traffic 2021; 22:377-396. [PMID: 34480404 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the central adaptor protein complex, AP-2 is pivotal for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Here, we uncover the role of an uncharacterized kinase (BMP-2 inducible kinase-BMP2K) in AP-2 phosphorylation. We demonstrate that BMP2K can phosphorylate AP-2 in vitro and in vivo. Functional impairment of BMP2K impedes AP-2 phosphorylation leading to defects in clathrin-coated pit (CCP) morphology and cargo internalization. BMP2K engages AP-2 via its extended C-terminus and this interaction is important for its CCP localization and function. Notably, endogenous BMP2K levels decline upon functional impairment of AP-2 indicating AP-2 dependent BMP2K stabilization in cells. Further, functional inactivation of BMP2K in zebrafish embryos yields gastrulation phenotypes which mirror AP-2 loss-of-function suggesting physiological relevance of BMP2K in vertebrates. Together, our findings propose involvement of a novel kinase in AP-2 phosphorylation and in the operation of CME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha T Ramesh
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kolaparamba V Navyasree
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Sah
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anjitha B Ashok
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Nishada Qathoon
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Perunthottathu K Umasankar
- Intracellular Trafficking Laboratory, Transdisciplinary Biology Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Micka M, Bryja V. Can We Pharmacologically Target Dishevelled: The Key Signal Transducer in the Wnt Pathways? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:117-135. [PMID: 34382124 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) is the central signal transducer in both Wnt/β-catenin-dependent and independent signalling pathways. DVL is required to connect receptor complexes and downstream effectors. Since proximal Wnt pathway components and DVL itself are upregulated in many types of cancer, DVL represents an attractive therapeutic target in the Wnt-addicted cancers and other disorders caused by aberrant Wnt signalling. Here, we discuss progress in several approaches for the modulation of DVL function and hence inhibition of the Wnt signalling. Namely, we sum up the potential of modulation of enzymes that control post-translational modification of DVL - such as inhibition of DVL kinases or promotion of DVL ubiquitination and degradation. In addition, we discuss research directions that can take advantage of direct interaction with the protein domains essential for DVL function: the inhibition of DIX- and DEP-domain mediated polymerization and interaction of DVL PDZ domain with its ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Micka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pascual-Vargas P, Salinas PC. A Role for Frizzled and Their Post-Translational Modifications in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692888. [PMID: 34414184 PMCID: PMC8369345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is a key signalling cascade that regulates the formation and function of neuronal circuits. The main receptors for Wnts are Frizzled (Fzd) that mediate diverse functions such as neurogenesis, axon guidance, dendritogenesis, synapse formation, and synaptic plasticity. These processes are crucial for the assembly of functional neuronal circuits required for diverse functions ranging from sensory and motor tasks to cognitive performance. Indeed, aberrant Wnt-Fzd signalling has been associated with synaptic defects during development and in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. New studies suggest that the localisation and stability of Fzd receptors play a crucial role in determining Wnt function. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Fzd are emerging as an important mechanism that regulates these Wnt receptors. However, only phosphorylation and glycosylation have been described to modulate Fzd function in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the function of Fzd in neuronal circuit connectivity and how PTMs contribute to their function. We also discuss other PTMs, not yet described in the CNS, and how they might modulate the function of Fzd in neuronal connectivity. PTMs could modulate Fzd function by affecting Fzd localisation and stability at the plasma membrane resulting in local effects of Wnt signalling, a feature particularly important in polarised cells such as neurons. Our review highlights the importance of further studies into the role of PTMs on Fzd receptors in the context of neuronal connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia C. Salinas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ji Y, Wang T, Gao Q, Huang X, Chang J. Normalization of non-canonical Wnt signalings does not compromise blood-brain barrier protection conferred by upregulating endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling following ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1085-1096. [PMID: 34056869 PMCID: PMC8339534 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial canonical (Wnt/β-catenin) and non-canonical Wnt signalings (Wnt/PCP and Wnt/Ca2+ ) promote blood-brain barrier (BBB) development and antagonize each other. However, the effects of ischemic stroke on endothelial canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalings are unclear. Further, how non-canonical Wnt signalings are influenced by upregulation of endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling and subsequently affect BBB function following ischemic stroke have not been studied. METHODS First, we determined the levels of Wnt signaling markers including TCF/LEF1 transcription activity, Axin2 mRNA, phospho-JNKThr183/Tyr185 , and NFAT in brain endothelial cells (ECs) with the deletion of Wnt receptor Frizzled (Fzd)4 or Fzd6, the two most abundant Fzds in brain ECs. Next, we observed the effect of ischemia/reperfusion injury on Wnt signalings in brain ECs and adult mice. Last, we assessed the changes of non-canonical Wnt signalings and BBB injury in the early stage of ischemic stroke in mice with endothelial β-catenin activation (β-cat mice). RESULTS Fzd4 or Fzd6 deletion dampened both Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/PCP signalings but enhanced Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in brain ECs. Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalings in brain ECs were downregulated after ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and in vivo. Upregulating endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling in β-cat mice normalized the downregulated non-canonical Wnt signalings, which did not compromise its protective effects on BBB integrity and endothelial tight junction following ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS The BBB protection induced by upregulation of endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling may be not interfered by the normalization of non-canonical Wnt signalings in the early stage of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐bin Ji
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular ImmunomodulationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Department of NeurologyNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Baiyun affiliated Cerebrovascular HospitalNanfang Hospital Baiyun BranchSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian‐xi Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular ImmunomodulationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Qiang Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular ImmunomodulationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐wen Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular ImmunomodulationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular ImmunomodulationInstitute of Biomedicine and BiotechnologyShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Camblor-Perujo S, Kononenko NL. Brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery. FEBS J 2021; 289:2219-2246. [PMID: 33896112 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is an essential cellular process required for multiple physiological functions, including communication with the extracellular environment, nutrient uptake, and signaling by the cell surface receptors. In a broad sense, endocytosis is accomplished through either constitutive or ligand-induced invagination of the plasma membrane, which results in the formation of the plasma membrane-retrieved endocytic vesicles, which can either be sent for degradation to the lysosomes or recycled back to the PM. This additional function of endocytosis in membrane retrieval has been adopted by excitable cells, such as neurons, for membrane equilibrium maintenance at synapses. The last two decades were especially productive with respect to the identification of brain-specific functions of the endocytic machinery, which additionally include but not limited to regulation of neuronal differentiation and migration, maintenance of neuron morphology and synaptic plasticity, and prevention of neurotoxic aggregates spreading. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of brain-specific functions of endocytic machinery with a specific focus on three brain cell types, neuronal progenitor cells, neurons, and glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia L Kononenko
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu YC, Chiang YC, Chou SH, Pan CL. Wnt signalling and endocytosis: Mechanisms, controversies and implications for stress responses. Biol Cell 2020; 113:95-106. [PMID: 33253438 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signalling is one of a few conserved pathways that control diverse aspects of development and morphogenesis in all metazoan species. Endocytosis is a key mechanism that regulates the secretion and graded extracellular distribution of Wnt glycoproteins from the source cells, as well as Wnt signal transduction in the receiving cells. However, controversies exist regarding the requirement of clathrin-dependent endocytosis in Wnt signalling. Various lines of evidence from recent studies suggest that Wnt-β-catenin signalling is also involved in the regulation of cellular stress responses in adulthood, a role that is beyond its canonical functions in animal development. In this review, we summarise recent advances in the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which endocytosis modulates Wnt signalling. We also discuss how Wnt signalling could be repurposed to regulate mitochondrial stress response in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Center for Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chen Chiang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Center for Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Chou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Center for Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Pan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Center for Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cavallo JC, Scholpp S, Flegg MB. Delay-driven oscillations via Axin2 feedback in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. J Theor Biol 2020; 507:110458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
16
|
Veerasubramanian PK, Trinh A, Akhtar N, Liu WF, Downing TL. Biophysical and epigenetic regulation of cancer stemness, invasiveness and immune action. CURRENT TISSUE MICROENVIRONMENT REPORTS 2020; 1:277-300. [PMID: 33817661 PMCID: PMC8015331 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an amalgam of multiple dysregulated biophysical cues that can alter cellular behavior through mechanotransductive signaling and epigenetic modifications. Through this review, we seek to characterize the extent of biophysical and epigenetic regulation of cancer stemness and tumor-associated immune cells in order to identify ideal targets for cancer therapy. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have identified cancer stemness and immune action as significant contributors to neoplastic disease, due to their susceptibility to microenvironmental influences. Matrix stiffening, altered vasculature, and resultant hypoxia within the TME can influence cancer stem cell (CSC) and immune cell behavior, as well as alter the epigenetic landscapes involved in cancer development. SUMMARY This review highlights the importance of aberrant biophysical cues in driving cancer progression through altered behavior of CSCs and immune cells, which in turn sustains further biophysical dysregulation. We examine current and potential therapeutic approaches that break this self-sustaining cycle of disease progression by targeting the presented biophysical and epigenetic signatures of cancer. We also summarize strategies including the normalization of the TME, targeted drug delivery, and inhibition of cancer-enabling epigenetic players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Krishna Veerasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Annie Trinh
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Navied Akhtar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wendy F. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Timothy L. Downing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hebert L, Hillman P, Baker C, Brown M, Ashley-Koch A, Hixson JE, Morrison AC, Northrup H, Au KS. Burden of rare deleterious variants in WNT signaling genes among 511 myelomeningocele patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239083. [PMID: 32970752 PMCID: PMC7514064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes in the noncanonical WNT signaling pathway controlling planar cell polarity have been linked to the neural tube defect myelomeningocele. We hypothesized that some genes in the WNT signaling network have a higher mutational burden in myelomeningocele subjects than in reference subjects in gnomAD. Exome sequencing data from 511 myelomeningocele subjects was obtained in-house and data from 29,940 ethnically matched subjects was provided by version 2 of the publicly available Genome Aggregation Database. To compare mutational burden, we collapsed rare deleterious variants across each of 523 human WNT signaling genes in case and reference populations. Ten WNT signaling genes were disrupted with a higher mutational burden among Mexican American myelomeningocele subjects compared to reference subjects (Fishers exact test, P ≤ 0.05) and seven different genes were disrupted among individuals of European ancestry compared to reference subjects. Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicate that genes disrupted only in the Mexican American population play a role in planar cell polarity whereas genes identified in both populations are important for the regulation of canonical WNT signaling. In summary, evidence for WNT signaling genes that may contribute to myelomeningocele in humans is presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hebert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Paul Hillman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Craig Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Department of Medicine and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - James E. Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kit Sing Au
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nielsen CP, Jernigan KK, Diggins NL, Webb DJ, MacGurn JA. USP9X Deubiquitylates DVL2 to Regulate WNT Pathway Specification. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1074-1089.e5. [PMID: 31340145 PMCID: PMC6884140 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling network is comprised of multiple receptors that relay various input signals via distinct transduction pathways to execute multiple complex and context-specific output processes. Integrity of the WNT signaling network relies on proper specification between canonical and noncanonical pathways, which presents a regulatory challenge given that several signal transducing elements are shared between pathways. Here, we report that USP9X, a deubiquitylase, and WWP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulate a ubiquitin rheostat on DVL2, a WNT signaling protein. Our findings indicate that USP9X-mediated deubiquitylation of DVL2 is required for canonical WNT activation, while increased DVL2 ubiquitylation is associated with localization to actin-rich projections and activation of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. We propose that a WWP1-USP9X axis regulates a ubiquitin rheostat on DVL2 that specifies its participation in either canonical WNT or WNT-PCP pathways. These findings have important implications for therapeutic targeting of USP9X in human cancer. DVL2 is a signal transducing protein that participates in canonical and noncanonical WNT signaling relays. Here, Nielsen et al. report that the deubiquitylase USP9X and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 operate on DVL2 to establish a ubiquitin rheostat that contributes to WNT pathway specification in human breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey P Nielsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Kristin K Jernigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Nicole L Diggins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Donna J Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease: Lessons from Model Organisms and Human Mutations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111345. [PMID: 31671891 PMCID: PMC6912373 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells need to exchange material and information with their environment. This is largely achieved via cell-surface receptors which mediate processes ranging from nutrient uptake to signaling responses. Consequently, their surface levels have to be dynamically controlled. Endocytosis constitutes a powerful mechanism to regulate the surface proteome and to recycle vesicular transmembrane proteins that strand at the plasma membrane after exocytosis. For efficient internalization, the cargo proteins need to be linked to the endocytic machinery via adaptor proteins such as the heterotetrameric endocytic adaptor complex AP-2 and a variety of mostly monomeric endocytic adaptors. In line with the importance of endocytosis for nutrient uptake, cell signaling and neurotransmission, animal models and human mutations have revealed that defects in these adaptors are associated with several diseases ranging from metabolic disorders to encephalopathies. This review will discuss the physiological functions of the so far known adaptor proteins and will provide a comprehensive overview of their links to human diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kozielewicz P, Turku A, Schulte G. Molecular Pharmacology of Class F Receptor Activation. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:62-71. [PMID: 31591260 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The class Frizzled (FZD) or class F of G protein-coupled receptors consists of 10 FZD paralogues and Smoothened (SMO). FZDs coordinate wingless/Int-1 signaling and SMO mediates Hedgehog signaling. Class F receptor signaling is intrinsically important for embryonic development and its dysregulation leads to diseases, including diverse forms of tumors. With regard to the importance of class F signaling in human disease, these receptors provide an attractive target for therapeutics, exemplified by the use of SMO antagonists for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Here, we review recent structural insights in combination with a more detailed functional understanding of class F receptor activation, G protein coupling, conformation-based functional selectivity, and mechanistic details of activating cancer mutations, which will lay the basis for further development of class F-targeting small molecules for human therapy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Stimulated by recent insights into the activation mechanisms of class F receptors from structural and functional analysis of Frizzled and Smoothened, we aim to summarize what we know about the molecular details of ligand binding, agonist-driven conformational changes, and class F receptor activation. A better understanding of receptor activation mechanisms will allow us to engage in structure- and mechanism-driven drug discovery with the potential to develop more isoform-selective and potentially pathway-selective drugs for human therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kozielewicz
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ainoleena Turku
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bandmann V, Mirsanaye AS, Schäfer J, Thiel G, Holstein T, Mikosch-Wersching M. Membrane capacitance recordings resolve dynamics and complexity of receptor-mediated endocytosis in Wnt signalling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12999. [PMID: 31506500 PMCID: PMC6736968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is an essential process in signalling pathways for activation of intracellular signalling cascades. One example is the Wnt signalling pathway that seems to depend on endocytosis of the ligand-receptor complex for initiation of Wnt signal transduction. To date, the roles of different endocytic pathways in Wnt signalling, molecular players and the kinetics of the process remain unclear. Here, we monitored endocytosis in Wnt3a and Wnt5a-mediated signalling with membrane capacitance recordings of HEK293 cells. Our measurements revealed a swift and substantial increase in the number of endocytic vesicles. Extracellular Wnt ligands specifically triggered endocytotic activity, which started immediately upon ligand binding and ceased within a period of ten minutes. By using specific inhibitors, we were able to separate Wnt-induced endocytosis into two independent pathways. We demonstrate that canonical Wnt3a is taken up mainly by clathrin-independent endocytosis whereas noncanonical Wnt5a is exclusively regulated via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our findings show that membrane capacitance recordings allow the resolution of complex cellular processes in plasma membrane signalling pathways in great detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Bandmann
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ann Schirin Mirsanaye
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johanna Schäfer
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerhard Thiel
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Holstein
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Melanie Mikosch-Wersching
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany. .,Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tower-Gilchrist C, Zlatic SA, Yu D, Chang Q, Wu H, Lin X, Faundez V, Chen P. Adaptor protein-3 complex is required for Vangl2 trafficking and planar cell polarity of the inner ear. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2422-2434. [PMID: 31268833 PMCID: PMC6741063 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates coordinated cellular polarity among neighboring cells to establish a polarity axis parallel to the plane of the tissue. Disruption in PCP results in a range of developmental anomalies and diseases. A key feature of PCP is the polarized and asymmetric localization of several membrane PCP proteins, which is essential to establish the polarity axis to orient cells coordinately. However, the machinery that regulates the asymmetric partition of PCP proteins remains largely unknown. In the present study, we show Van gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) in early and recycling endosomes as made evident by colocalization with diverse endosomal Rab proteins. Vangl2 biochemically interacts with adaptor protein-3 complex (AP-3). Using short hairpin RNA knockdown, we found that Vangl2 subcellular localization was modified in AP-3–depleted cells. Moreover, Vangl2 membrane localization within the cochlea is greatly reduced in AP-3–deficient mocha mice, which exhibit profound hearing loss. In inner ears from AP-3–deficient mocha mice, we observed PCP-dependent phenotypes, such as misorientation and deformation of hair cell stereociliary bundles and disorganization of hair cells characteristic of defects in convergent extension that is driven by PCP. These findings demonstrate a novel role of AP-3–mediated sorting mechanisms in regulating PCP proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie A Zlatic
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Dehong Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital and Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital and Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee M, Hwang YS, Yoon J, Sun J, Harned A, Nagashima K, Daar IO. Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 modulates ciliogenesis via an interaction with Dishevelled. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2659-2676. [PMID: 31270137 PMCID: PMC6683737 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study reveals Drg1 as a new binding partner of Dishevelled. The Drg1–Dishevelled association regulates Daam1 and RhoA interactions and activity, leading to polymerization and stability of the actin cytoskeleton, a process that is essential for proper multiciliation. Cilia are critical for proper embryonic development and maintaining homeostasis. Although extensively studied, there are still significant gaps regarding the proteins involved in regulating ciliogenesis. Using the Xenopus laevis embryo, we show that Dishevelled (Dvl), a key Wnt signaling scaffold that is critical to proper ciliogenesis, interacts with Drg1 (developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1). The loss of Drg1 or disruption of the interaction with Dvl reduces the length and number of cilia and displays defects in basal body migration and docking to the apical surface of multiciliated cells (MCCs). Moreover, Drg1 morphants display abnormal rotational polarity of basal bodies and a decrease in apical actin and RhoA activity that can be attributed to disruption of the protein complex between Dvl and Daam1, as well as between Daam1 and RhoA. These results support the concept that the Drg1–Dvl interaction regulates apical actin polymerization and stability in MCCs. Thus, Drg1 is a newly identified partner of Dvl in regulating ciliogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaeho Yoon
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Jian Sun
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Adam Harned
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Ira O Daar
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mani I, Pandey KN. Emerging concepts of receptor endocytosis and concurrent intracellular signaling: Mechanisms of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A activation and trafficking. Cell Signal 2019; 60:17-30. [PMID: 30951863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis is a prominent clathrin-mediated mechanism for concentrated uptake and internalization of ligand-receptor complexes, also known as cargo. Internalization of cargo is the fundamental mechanism for receptor-dependent regulation of cell membrane function, intracellular signal transduction, and neurotransmission, as well as other biological and physiological activities. However, the intrinsic mechanisms of receptor endocytosis and contemporaneous intracellular signaling are not well understood. We review emerging concepts of receptor endocytosis with concurrent intracellular signaling, using a typical example of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) internalization, subcellular trafficking, and simultaneous generation of second-messenger cGMP and signaling in intact cells. We highlight the role of short-signal motifs located in the carboxyl-terminal regions of membrane receptors during their internalization and subsequent receptor trafficking in organelles that are not traditionally studied in this context, including nuclei and mitochondria. This review sheds light on the importance of future investigations of receptor endocytosis and trafficking in live cells and intact animals in vivo in physiological context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Mani
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Čapek D, Smutny M, Tichy AM, Morri M, Janovjak H, Heisenberg CP. Light-activated Frizzled7 reveals a permissive role of non-canonical wnt signaling in mesendoderm cell migration. eLife 2019; 8:e42093. [PMID: 30648973 PMCID: PMC6365057 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical Wnt signaling plays a central role for coordinated cell polarization and directed migration in metazoan development. While spatiotemporally restricted activation of non-canonical Wnt-signaling drives cell polarization in epithelial tissues, it remains unclear whether such instructive activity is also critical for directed mesenchymal cell migration. Here, we developed a light-activated version of the non-canonical Wnt receptor Frizzled 7 (Fz7) to analyze how restricted activation of non-canonical Wnt signaling affects directed anterior axial mesendoderm (prechordal plate, ppl) cell migration within the zebrafish gastrula. We found that Fz7 signaling is required for ppl cell protrusion formation and migration and that spatiotemporally restricted ectopic activation is capable of redirecting their migration. Finally, we show that uniform activation of Fz7 signaling in ppl cells fully rescues defective directed cell migration in fz7 mutant embryos. Together, our findings reveal that in contrast to the situation in epithelial cells, non-canonical Wnt signaling functions permissively rather than instructively in directed mesenchymal cell migration during gastrulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Čapek
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Michael Smutny
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra-Madelaine Tichy
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia)Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | - Maurizio Morri
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Institute of Science and Technology AustriaKlosterneuburgAustria
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonAustralia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia)Monash UniversityClaytonAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Agajanian MJ, Walker MP, Axtman AD, Ruela-de-Sousa RR, Serafin DS, Rabinowitz AD, Graham DM, Ryan MB, Tamir T, Nakamichi Y, Gammons MV, Bennett JM, Couñago RM, Drewry DH, Elkins JM, Gileadi C, Gileadi O, Godoi PH, Kapadia N, Müller S, Santiago AS, Sorrell FJ, Wells CI, Fedorov O, Willson TM, Zuercher WJ, Major MB. WNT Activates the AAK1 Kinase to Promote Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LRP6 and Establish a Negative Feedback Loop. Cell Rep 2019; 26:79-93.e8. [PMID: 30605688 PMCID: PMC6315376 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin-dependent WNT signal transduction governs development, tissue homeostasis, and a vast array of human diseases. Signal propagation through a WNT-Frizzled/LRP receptor complex requires proteins necessary for clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Paradoxically, CME also negatively regulates WNT signaling through internalization and degradation of the receptor complex. Here, using a gain-of-function screen of the human kinome, we report that the AP2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1), a known CME enhancer, inhibits WNT signaling. Reciprocally, AAK1 genetic silencing or its pharmacological inhibition using a potent and selective inhibitor activates WNT signaling. Mechanistically, we show that AAK1 promotes clearance of LRP6 from the plasma membrane to suppress the WNT pathway. Time-course experiments support a transcription-uncoupled, WNT-driven negative feedback loop; prolonged WNT treatment drives AAK1-dependent phosphorylation of AP2M1, clathrin-coated pit maturation, and endocytosis of LRP6. We propose that, following WNT receptor activation, increased AAK1 function and CME limits WNT signaling longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Agajanian
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alison D Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Roberta R Ruela-de-Sousa
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - D Stephen Serafin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alex D Rabinowitz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meagan B Ryan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tigist Tamir
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano 399-0704, Japan
| | - Melissa V Gammons
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - James M Bennett
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rafael M Couñago
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Carina Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paulo H Godoi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nirav Kapadia
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - André S Santiago
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Carrow I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Timothy M Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
mTORC1 signaling suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling through DVL-dependent regulation of Wnt receptor FZD level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10362-E10369. [PMID: 30297426 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808575115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays pivotal roles in cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis by maintaining somatic stem cell functions. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling functions as an integrative rheostat that orchestrates various cellular and metabolic activities that shape tissue homeostasis. Whether these two fundamental signaling pathways couple to exert physiological functions still remains mysterious. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we discover that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling suppresses canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Deficiency in tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2 (TSC1/2), core negative regulators of mTORC1 activity, represses Wnt/β-catenin target gene expression, which can be rescued by RAD001. Mechanistically, mTORC1 signaling regulates the cell surface level of Wnt receptor Frizzled (FZD) in a Dishevelled (DVL)-dependent manner by influencing the association of DVL and clathrin AP-2 adaptor. Sustained mTORC1 activation impairs Wnt/β-catenin signaling and causes loss of stemness in intestinal organoids ex vivo and primitive intestinal progenitors in vivo. Wnt/β-catenin-dependent liver metabolic zonation gene expression program is also down-regulated by mTORC1 activation. Our study provides a paradigm that mTORC1 signaling cell autonomously regulates Wnt/β-catenin pathway to influence stem cell maintenance.
Collapse
|
28
|
A role for APP in Wnt signalling links synapse loss with β-amyloid production. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:179. [PMID: 30232325 PMCID: PMC6145937 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the canonical Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is induced by β-amyloid (Aβ) and shifts the balance from canonical towards non-canonical Wnt signalling. Canonical (Wnt-β-catenin) signalling promotes synapse stability, while non-canonical (Wnt-PCP) signalling favours synapse retraction; thus Aβ-driven synapse loss is mediated by Dkk1. Here we show that the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) co-activates both arms of Wnt signalling through physical interactions with Wnt co-receptors LRP6 and Vangl2, to bi-directionally modulate synapse stability. Furthermore, activation of non-canonical Wnt signalling enhances Aβ production, while activation of canonical signalling suppresses Aβ production. Together, these findings identify a pathogenic-positive feedback loop in which Aβ induces Dkk1 expression, thereby activating non-canonical Wnt signalling to promote synapse loss and drive further Aβ production. The Swedish familial AD variant of APP (APPSwe) more readily co-activates non-canonical, at the expense of canonical Wnt activity, indicating that its pathogenicity likely involves direct effects on synapses, in addition to increased Aβ production. Finally, we report that pharmacological inhibition of the Aβ-Dkk1-Aβ positive feedback loop with the drug fasudil can restore the balance between Wnt pathways, prevent dendritic spine withdrawal in vitro, and reduce Aβ load in vivo in mice with advanced amyloid pathology. These results clarify a relationship between Aβ accumulation and synapse loss and provide direction for the development of potential disease-modifying treatments.
Collapse
|
29
|
Grainger S, Willert K. Mechanisms of Wnt signaling and control. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1422. [PMID: 29600540 PMCID: PMC6165711 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is a highly conserved system that regulates complex biological processes across all metazoan species. At the cellular level, secreted Wnt proteins serve to break symmetry and provide cells with positional information that is critical to the patterning of the entire body plan. At the organismal level, Wnt signals are employed to orchestrate fundamental developmental processes, including the specification of the anterior-posterior body axis, induction of the primitive streak and ensuing gastrulation movements, and the generation of cell and tissue diversity. Wnt functions extend into adulthood where they regulate stem cell behavior, tissue homeostasis, and damage repair. Disruption of Wnt signaling activity during embryonic development or in adults results in a spectrum of abnormalities and diseases, including cancer. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the myriad of Wnt-regulated biological effects have been the subject of intense research for over three decades. This review is intended to summarize our current understanding of how Wnt signals are generated and interpreted. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Developmental Biology > Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grainger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
| | - Karl Willert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kikuchi K, Nakamura A, Arata M, Shi D, Nakagawa M, Tanaka T, Uemura T, Fujimori T, Kikuchi A, Uezu A, Sakamoto Y, Nakanishi H. Map7/7D1 and Dvl form a feedback loop that facilitates microtubule remodeling and Wnt5a signaling. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745471. [PMID: 29880710 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway can be grouped into two classes, the β-catenin-dependent and β-catenin-independent pathways. Wnt5a signaling through a β-catenin-independent pathway promotes microtubule (MT) remodeling during cell-substrate adhesion, cell migration, and planar cell polarity formation. Although Wnt5a signaling and MT remodeling are known to form an interdependent regulatory loop, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that in HeLa cells, the paralogous MT-associated proteins Map7 and Map7D1 (Map7/7D1) form an interdependent regulatory loop with Disheveled, the critical signal transducer in Wnt signaling. Map7/7D1 bind to Disheveled, direct its cortical localization, and facilitate the cortical targeting of MT plus-ends in response to Wnt5a signaling. Wnt5a signaling also promotes Map7/7D1 movement toward MT plus-ends, and depletion of the Kinesin-1 member Kif5b abolishes the Map7/7D1 dynamics and Disheveled localization. Furthermore, Disheveled stabilizes Map7/7D1. Intriguingly, Map7/7D1 and its Drosophila ortholog, Ensconsin show planar-polarized distribution in both mouse and fly epithelia, and Ensconsin influences proper localization of Drosophila Disheveled in pupal wing cells. These results suggest that the role of Map7/7D1/Ensconsin in Disheveled localization is evolutionarily conserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Department of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Arata
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dongbo Shi
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki Aichi, Japan
| | - Mami Nakagawa
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Tanaka
- Department of Germline Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimori
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang C, Yang W, Fan Z, Teng P, Mei R, Yang J, Yang A, Qiu M, Zhao X. AATYK is a Novel Regulator of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:527-533. [PMID: 29556912 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are myelinating glial cells that form myelin sheaths around axons to ensure rapid and focal conduction of action potentials. Here, we found that an axonal outgrowth regulatory molecule, AATYK (apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase), was up-regulated with OL differentiation and remyelination. We therefore studied its role in OL differentiation. The results showed that AATYK knockdown inhibited OL differentiation and the expression of myelin genes in vitro. Moreover, AATYK-deficiency maintained the proliferation status of OLs but did not affect their survival. Thus, AATYK is essential for the differentiation of OLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Jiang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Zhihong Fan
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Peng Teng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Ruyi Mei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Junlin Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China. .,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Brunt L, Scholpp S. The function of endocytosis in Wnt signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:785-795. [PMID: 28913633 PMCID: PMC5809524 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Wnt growth factors regulate one of the most important signaling networks during development, tissue homeostasis and disease. Despite the biological importance of Wnt signaling, the mechanism of endocytosis during this process is ill described. Wnt molecules can act as paracrine signals, which are secreted from the producing cells and transported through neighboring tissue to activate signaling in target cells. Endocytosis of the ligand is important at several stages of action: One central function of endocytic trafficking in the Wnt pathway occurs in the source cell. Furthermore, the β-catenin-dependent Wnt ligands require endocytosis for signal activation and to regulate gene transcription in the responding cells. Alternatively, Wnt/β-catenin-independent signaling regulates endocytosis of cell adherence plaques to control cell migration. In this comparative review, we elucidate these three fundamental interconnected functions, which together regulate cellular fate and cellular behavior. Based on established hypotheses and recent findings, we develop a revised picture for the complex function of endocytosis in the Wnt signaling network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Brunt
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang W, Garrett L, Feng D, Elliott G, Liu X, Wang N, Wong YM, Choi NT, Yang Y, Gao B. Wnt-induced Vangl2 phosphorylation is dose-dependently required for planar cell polarity in mammalian development. Cell Res 2017; 27:1466-1484. [PMID: 29056748 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is an evolutionarily conserved essential mechanism that provides directional information to control and coordinate polarized cellular and tissue behavior during embryonic development. Disruption of PCP leads to severe morphological defects in vertebrates and its dysregulation results in a variety of human diseases such as neural tube defects and skeletal dysplasia. PCP is governed by a set of highly conserved core proteins that are asymmetrically localized at the cell surface throughout the polarized tissues. The uniform directionality of PCP is established by global cues, such as Wg/Wnt signaling gradients that break the original symmetrical localization of core PCP proteins including Vang/Vangl and Fz/Fzd. However, the exact mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found that Vangl2 phosphorylation, which was previously identified to be induced by Wnt5a signaling, is required for Vangl2 functions in mammalian PCP in multiple tissues. The in vivo activities of Vangl2 are determined by its phosphorylation level. Phospho-mutant Vangl2 exhibits dominant negative effects, whereas Vangl2 with reduced phosphorylation is hypomorphic. We show that Vangl2 phosphorylation is essential for its uniform polarization pattern. Moreover, serine/threonine kinases CK1ɛ and CK1δ are redundantly required for Wnt5a-induced Vangl2 phosphorylation. Dvl family members are also required for Wnt5a-induced Vangl2 phosphorylation by enhancing the interaction of CK1 and Vangl2. These findings demonstrate that induction of Vangl protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in transducing Wnt5a signaling to establish PCP in mammalian development, suggesting a phosphorylation-regulated "Vangl activity gradient" model in addition to the well-documented "Fz activity gradient" model in Wnt/PCP signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lisa Garrett
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gene Elliott
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xilin Liu
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Ni Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Ming Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nga Ting Choi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth & HKU-SUSTEC Joint Laboratories of Matrix Biology and Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway is best known for its role in polarizing epithelial cells within the plane of a tissue but it also plays a role in a range of cell migration events during development. The mechanism by which the PCP pathway polarizes stationary epithelial cells is well characterized, but how PCP signaling functions to regulate more dynamic cell behaviors during directed cell migration is much less understood. Here, we review recent discoveries regarding the localization of PCP proteins in migrating cells and their impact on the cell biology of collective and individual cell migratory behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal F Davey
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, B2-159, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cecilia B Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, B2-159, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Norrin-induced Frizzled4 endocytosis and endo-lysosomal trafficking control retinal angiogenesis and barrier function. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16050. [PMID: 28675177 PMCID: PMC5500887 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and blood–brain barrier formation are required for normal central nervous system (CNS) function. Both processes are controlled by Wnt or Norrin (NDP) ligands, Frizzled (FZD) receptors, and β-catenin-dependent signalling in vascular endothelial cells. In the retina, FZD4 and the ligand NDP are critical mediators of signalling and are mutated in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Here, we report that NDP is a potent trigger of FZD4 ubiquitination and induces internalization of the NDP receptor complex into the endo-lysosomal compartment. Inhibition of ubiquitinated cargo transport through the multivesicular body (MVB) pathway using a dominant negative ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) component VPS4 EQ strongly impairs NDP/FZD4 signalling in vitro and recapitulates CNS angiogenesis and blood-CNS-barrier defects caused by impaired vascular β-catenin signalling in mice. These findings provide evidence for an important role of FZD4 endocytosis in NDP/FZD4 signalling and in CNS vascular biology and disease. Multiple mechanisms regulate Wnt/ß-catenin signalling. Zhang et al. describe a novel regulatory pathway and show that the activator of canonical Wnt signalling, Norrin, triggers endocytosis of its receptor Frizzled4 by promoting Frizzled4 ubiquitination.
Collapse
|
36
|
Gentzel M, Schambony A. Dishevelled Paralogs in Vertebrate Development: Redundant or Distinct? Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:59. [PMID: 28603713 PMCID: PMC5445114 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) proteins are highly conserved in the animal kingdom and are important key players in β-Catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling pathways. Vertebrate genomes typically comprise three DVL genes, DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3. Expression patterns and developmental functions of the three vertebrate DVL proteins however, are only partially redundant in any given species. Moreover, expression and function of DVL isoforms have diverged between different vertebrate species. All DVL proteins share basic functionality in Wnt signal transduction. Additional, paralog-specific interactions and functions combined with context-dependent availability of DVL isoforms may play a central role in defining Wnt signaling specificity and add selectivity toward distinct downstream pathways. In this review, we recapitulate briefly cellular functions of DVL paralogs, their role in vertebrate embryonic development and congenital disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Gentzel
- Molecular Analysis-Mass Spectrometry, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU DresdenDresden, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schambony
- Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NurembergErlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen CH, He CW, Liao CP, Pan CL. A Wnt-planar polarity pathway instructs neurite branching by restricting F-actin assembly through endosomal signaling. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006720. [PMID: 28384160 PMCID: PMC5398721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial arrangement of neurite branching is instructed by both attractive and repulsive cues. Here we show that in C. elegans, the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins specify neurite branching sites in the PLM mechanosensory neurons. Wnts function through MIG-1/Frizzled and the planar cell polarity protein (PCP) VANG-1/Strabismus/Vangl2 to restrict the formation of F-actin patches, which mark branching sites in nascent neurites. We find that VANG-1 promotes Wnt signaling by facilitating Frizzled endocytosis and genetically acts in a common pathway with arr-1/β-arrestin, whose mutation results in defective PLM branching and F-actin patterns similar to those in the Wnt, mig-1 or vang-1 mutants. On the other hand, the UNC-6/Netrin pathway intersects orthogonally with Wnt-PCP signaling to guide PLM branch growth along the dorsal-ventral axis. Our study provides insights for how attractive and repulsive signals coordinate to sculpt neurite branching patterns, which are critical for circuit connectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei He
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Po Liao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Pan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Butler MT, Wallingford JB. Planar cell polarity in development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:375-388. [PMID: 28293032 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is an essential feature of animal tissues, whereby distinct polarity is established within the plane of a cell sheet. Tissue-wide establishment of PCP is driven by multiple global cues, including gradients of gene expression, gradients of secreted WNT ligands and anisotropic tissue strain. These cues guide the dynamic, subcellular enrichment of PCP proteins, which can self-assemble into mutually exclusive complexes at opposite sides of a cell. Endocytosis, endosomal trafficking and degradation dynamics of PCP components further regulate planar tissue patterning. This polarization propagates throughout the whole tissue, providing a polarity axis that governs collective morphogenetic events such as the orientation of subcellular structures and cell rearrangements. Reflecting the necessity of polarized cellular behaviours for proper development and function of diverse organs, defects in PCP have been implicated in human pathologies, most notably in severe birth defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Butler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kyung JW, Cho IH, Lee S, Song WK, Ryan TA, Hoppa MB, Kim SH. Adaptor Protein 2 (AP-2) complex is essential for functional axogenesis in hippocampal neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41620. [PMID: 28139716 PMCID: PMC5282494 DOI: 10.1038/srep41620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity and diversity of a neural network requires regulated elongation and branching of axons, as well as the formation of synapses between neurons. In the present study we explore the role of AP-2, a key endocytic adaptor protein complex, in the development of rat hippocampal neurons. We found that the loss of AP-2 during the early stage of development resulted in impaired axon extension and failed maturation of the axon initial segment (AIS). Normally the AIS performs two tasks in concert, stabilizing neural polarity and generating action potentials. In AP-2 silenced axons polarity is established, however there is a failure to establish action potential firing. Consequently, this impairs activity-driven Ca2+ influx and exocytosis at nerve terminals. In contrast, removal of AP-2 from older neurons does not impair axonal growth or signaling and synaptic function. Our data reveal that AP-2 has important roles in functional axogenesis by proper extension of axon as well as the formation of AIS during the early step of neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Kyung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| | - In Ha Cho
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Sukmook Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Woo Keun Song
- School of Life Science, Bioimaging Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Timothy A Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael B Hoppa
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Planar cell polarity genes Frizzled3a, Vangl2, and Scribble are required for spinal commissural axon guidance. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:83. [PMID: 27955617 PMCID: PMC5154073 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fundamental feature of early nervous system development is the guidance of axonal projections to their targets in order to assemble neural circuits that control behavior. Spinal commissural neurons are an attractive model to investigate the multiple guidance cues that control growth cone navigation both pre- and post-midline crossing, as well as along both the dorsal-ventral (D-V) and anterior-posterior (A-P) axes. Accumulating evidence suggests that guidance of spinal commissural axons along the A-P axis is dependent on components of the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway. In the zebrafish, the earliest born spinal commissural neuron to navigate the midline and turn rostrally is termed commissural primary ascending (CoPA). Unlike mammalian systems, CoPA axons cross the midline as a single axon and allow an analysis of the role of PCP components in anterior pathfinding in single pioneering axons. RESULTS Here, we establish CoPA cells in the zebrafish spinal cord as a model system for investigating the molecular function of planar cell polarity signaling in axon guidance. Using mutant analysis, we show that the functions of Fzd3a and Vangl2 in the anterior turning of commissural axons are evolutionarily conserved in teleosts. We extend our findings to reveal a role for the PCP gene scribble in the anterior guidance of CoPA axons. Analysis of single CoPA axons reveals that these commissural axons become responsive to PCP-dependent anterior guidance cues even prior to midline crossing. When midline crossing is prevented by dcc gene knockdown, ipsilateral CoPA axons still extend axons anteriorly in response to A-P guidance cues. We show that this ipsilateral anterior pathfinding that occurs in the absence of midline crossing is dependent on PCP signaling. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that anterior guidance decisions by CoPA axons are dependent on the function of planar cell polarity genes both prior to and after midline crossing.
Collapse
|
41
|
Endocytic regulation of cytokine receptor signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
42
|
Gammons MV, Rutherford TJ, Steinhart Z, Angers S, Bienz M. Essential role of the Dishevelled DEP domain in a Wnt-dependent human-cell-based complementation assay. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3892-3902. [PMID: 27744318 PMCID: PMC5087658 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.195685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (DVL) assembles Wnt signalosomes through dynamic head-to-tail polymerisation by means of its DIX domain. It thus transduces Wnt signals to cytoplasmic effectors including β-catenin, to control cell fates during normal development, tissue homeostasis and also in cancer. To date, most functional studies of Dishevelled relied on its Wnt-independent signalling activity resulting from overexpression, which is sufficient to trigger polymerisation, bypassing the requirement for Wnt signals. Here, we generate a human cell line devoid of endogenous Dishevelled (DVL1- DVL3), which lacks Wnt signal transduction to β-catenin. However, Wnt responses can be restored by DVL2 stably re-expressed at near-endogenous levels. Using this assay to test mutant DVL2, we show that its DEP domain is essential, whereas its PDZ domain is dispensable, for signalling to β-catenin. Our results imply two mutually exclusive functions of the DEP domain in Wnt signal transduction - binding to Frizzled to recruit Dishevelled to the receptor complex, and dimerising to cross-link DIX domain polymers for signalosome assembly. Our assay avoids the caveats associated with overexpressing Dishevelled, and provides a powerful tool for rigorous functional tests of this pivotal human signalling protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa V Gammons
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Trevor J Rutherford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Zachary Steinhart
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Room 901, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Stephane Angers
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Room 901, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gammons MV, Renko M, Johnson CM, Rutherford TJ, Bienz M. Wnt Signalosome Assembly by DEP Domain Swapping of Dishevelled. Mol Cell 2016; 64:92-104. [PMID: 27692984 PMCID: PMC5065529 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signals are often transduced by dynamic signaling complexes ("signalosomes") assembled by oligomerizing hub proteins following their recruitment to signal-activated transmembrane receptors. A paradigm is the Wnt signalosome, which is assembled by Dishevelled via reversible head-to-tail polymerization by its DIX domain. Its activity causes stabilization of β-catenin, a Wnt effector with pivotal roles in animal development and cancer. How Wnt triggers signalosome assembly is unknown. Here, we use structural analysis, as well as biophysical and cell-based assays, to show that the DEP domain of Dishevelled undergoes a conformational switch, from monomeric to swapped dimer, to trigger DIX-dependent polymerization and signaling to β-catenin. This occurs in two steps: binding of monomeric DEP to Frizzled followed by DEP domain swapping triggered by its high local concentration upon Wnt-induced recruitment into clathrin-coated pits. DEP domain swapping confers directional bias on signaling, and the dimerization provides cross-linking between Dishevelled polymers, illustrating a key principle underlying signalosome formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa V Gammons
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Miha Renko
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Trevor J Rutherford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Meraviglia V, Ulivi AF, Boccazzi M, Valenza F, Fratangeli A, Passafaro M, Lecca D, Stagni F, Giacomini A, Bartesaghi R, Abbracchio MP, Ceruti S, Rosa P. SNX27, a protein involved in down syndrome, regulates GPR17 trafficking and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Glia 2016; 64:1437-60. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Meraviglia
- CNR - Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Alessandro Francesco Ulivi
- CNR - Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Marta Boccazzi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Fabiola Valenza
- CNR - Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Alessandra Fratangeli
- CNR - Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Maria Passafaro
- CNR - Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Davide Lecca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Fiorenza Stagni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Università Degli Studi Di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Università Degli Studi Di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Università Degli Studi Di Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Maria P. Abbracchio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Ceruti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| | - Patrizia Rosa
- CNR - Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA); Università Degli Studi Di Milano; Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Treat AC, Wheeler DS, Stolz DB, Tsang M, Friedman PA, Romero G. The PDZ Protein Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor-1 (NHERF1) Regulates Planar Cell Polarity and Motile Cilia Organization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153144. [PMID: 27055101 PMCID: PMC4824468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional flow of the cerebrospinal fluid requires coordinated movement of the motile cilia of the ependymal epithelium that lines the cerebral ventricles. Here we report that mice lacking the Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor 1 (NHERF1/Slc9a3r1, also known as EBP50) develop profound communicating hydrocephalus associated with fewer and disorganized ependymal cilia. Knockdown of NHERF1/slc9a3r1 in zebrafish embryos also causes severe hydrocephalus of the hindbrain and impaired ciliogenesis in the otic vesicle. Ultrastructural analysis did not reveal defects in the shape or organization of individual cilia. Similar phenotypes have been described in animals with deficiencies in Wnt signaling and the Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway. We show that NHERF1 binds the PCP core genes Frizzled (Fzd) and Vangl. We further show that NHERF1 assembles a ternary complex with Fzd4 and Vangl2 and promotes translocation of Vangl2 to the plasma membrane, in particular to the apical surface of ependymal cells. Taken together, these results strongly support an important role for NHERF1 in the regulation of PCP signaling and the development of functional motile cilia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anny Caceres Treat
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David S Wheeler
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter A Friedman
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.,Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Romero
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Barbieri E, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. Endocytic control of signaling at the plasma membrane. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
47
|
Abstract
PTH and Vitamin D are two major regulators of mineral metabolism. They play critical roles in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis as well as the development and maintenance of bone health. PTH and Vitamin D form a tightly controlled feedback cycle, PTH being a major stimulator of vitamin D synthesis in the kidney while vitamin D exerts negative feedback on PTH secretion. The major function of PTH and major physiologic regulator is circulating ionized calcium. The effects of PTH on gut, kidney, and bone serve to maintain serum calcium within a tight range. PTH has a reciprocal effect on phosphate metabolism. In contrast, vitamin D has a stimulatory effect on both calcium and phosphate homeostasis, playing a key role in providing adequate mineral for normal bone formation. Both hormones act in concert with the more recently discovered FGF23 and klotho, hormones involved predominantly in phosphate metabolism, which also participate in this closely knit feedback circuit. Of great interest are recent studies demonstrating effects of both PTH and vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. Hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency have been implicated in a variety of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and kidney failure. Both hormones have direct effects on the endothelium, heart, and other vascular structures. How these effects of PTH and vitamin D interface with the regulation of bone formation are the subject of intense investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jalal Khundmiri
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Eleanor Lederer
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex VA Medical Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee H, Lee SJ, Kim GH, Yeo I, Han JK. PLD1 regulates Xenopus convergent extension movements by mediating Frizzled7 endocytosis for Wnt/PCP signal activation. Dev Biol 2016; 411:38-49. [PMID: 26806705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is involved in the regulation of receptor-associated signaling, cell movement, cell adhesion and endocytosis. However, its physiological role in vertebrate development remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that PLD1 is required for the convergent extension (CE) movements during Xenopus gastrulation by activating Wnt/PCP signaling. Xenopus PLD1 protein is specifically enriched in the dorsal region of Xenopus gastrula embryo and loss or gain-of-function of PLD1 induce defects in gastrulation and CE movements. These defective phenotypes are due to impaired regulation of Wnt/PCP signaling pathway. Biochemical and imaging analysis using Xenopus tissues reveal that PLD1 is required for Fz7 receptor endocytosis upon Wnt11 stimulation. Moreover, we show that Fz7 endocytosis depends on dynamin and regulation of GAP activity of dynamin by PLD1 via its PX domain is crucial for this process. Taken together, our results suggest that PLD1 acts as a new positive mediator of Wnt/PCP signaling by promoting Wnt11-induced Fz7 endocytosis for precise regulation of Xenopus CE movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Division of Life Science and Pioneer Research Center for Protein Network Exploration, Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Eoeun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchul Yeo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31, Hyoja Dong, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sorting nexin 27 interacts with Fzd7 and mediates Wnt signalling. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:e00296. [PMID: 26744382 PMCID: PMC4748333 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This work found that sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) interacts with Frizzled receptors (Fzds) through PDZ domain interaction, which act as novel interacting partners for SNX27. Functional investigation of the interaction of SNX27 with Fzd7 revealed that SNX27 promotes the degradation of Fzd7, thus down-regulating Wnt signalling. SNX27 is the only sorting nexin (SNX) that contains a PDZ domain, which interacts with PDZ-binding motif of target proteins to regulate the trafficking of these proteins. We here showed that SNX27 interacts with Frizzled (Fzd) receptors via PDZ domain interaction. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that Fzd7 can be internalized and associate with SNX27-containing endosomal membrane. In addition, SNX27 enhances the endocytosis of Fzd7 and promotes the degradation of Fzd7. Further examination demonstrated that SNX27 inhibits the Wnt regulated transcription activity of TCF/LEF. Our results suggested that SNX27 interacts with Frizzled receptors to regulate the endocytosis and stability of Fzds, and consequently mediates canonical Wnt signalling.
Collapse
|
50
|
Reeves PM, Kang YL, Kirchhausen T. Endocytosis of Ligand-Activated Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Mediated by the Clathrin-Pathway. Traffic 2015; 17:40-52. [PMID: 26481905 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is one of five G protein-coupled receptors activated by the lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Stimulation of S1PR1 by binding S1P or the synthetic agonist FTY720P results in rapid desensitization, associated in part with depletion of receptor from the cell surface. We report here combining spinning disc confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry to show that rapid internalization of activated S1PR1 relies on a functional clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. Uptake of activated S1PR1 was strongly inhibited in cells disrupted in their clathrin-mediated endocytosis by depleting clathrin or AP-2 or by treating cells with dynasore-OH. The uptake of activated S1P1R was strongly inhibited in cells lacking both β-arrestin 1 and β-arrestin 2, indicating that activated S1PR1 follows the canonical route of endocytosis for G-protein coupled receptor's (GPCR)'s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Reeves
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan-Lin Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|