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Wang X, Gan M, Wang Y, Wang S, Lei Y, Wang K, Zhang X, Chen L, Zhao Y, Niu L, Zhang S, Zhu L, Shen L. Comprehensive review on lipid metabolism and RNA methylation: Biological mechanisms, perspectives and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132057. [PMID: 38710243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in maintaining energy balance, regulating hormones, and promoting metabolic health. To address disorders related to obesity and develop effective therapies, it is essential to have a deep understanding of adipose tissue biology. In recent years, RNA methylation has emerged as a significant epigenetic modification involved in various cellular functions and metabolic pathways. Particularly in the realm of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, extensive research is ongoing to uncover the mechanisms and functional importance of RNA methylation. Increasing evidence suggests that RNA methylation plays a regulatory role in adipocyte development, metabolism, and lipid utilization across different organs. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of common RNA methylation modifications, their occurrences, and regulatory mechanisms, focusing specifically on their intricate connections to fat metabolism. Additionally, we discuss the research methodologies used in studying RNA methylation and highlight relevant databases that can aid researchers in this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Saihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Linyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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2
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Zhou R, Huang Y, Feng X, Zhou R, Wang L, Xie G, Xiao Y, Zhou H. Decreased YB-1 expression denervates brown adipose tissue and contributes to age-related metabolic dysfunction. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13520. [PMID: 37321837 PMCID: PMC10771110 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) declines with aging, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that the expression of Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1), a critical DNA/RNA binding protein, decreased in the BAT of aged mice due to the reduction of microbial metabolite butyrate. Genetic ablation of YB-1 in the BAT accelerated diet-induced obesity and BAT thermogenic dysfunction. In contrast, overexpression of YB-1 in the BAT of aged mice was sufficient to promote BAT thermogenesis, thus alleviating diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Interestingly, YB-1 had no direct effect on adipose UCP1 expression. Instead, YB-1 promoted axon guidance of BAT via regulating the expression of Slit2, thus potentiating sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis. Moreover, we have identified that a natural compound Sciadopitysin, which promotes YB-1 protein stability and nuclear translocation, alleviated BAT aging and metabolic disorders. Together, we reveal a novel fat-sympathetic nerve unit in regulating BAT senescence and provide a promising strategy against age-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research CenterXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research CenterXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research CenterXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research CenterXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research CenterXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Genqing Xie
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First People's Hospital of Xiangtan cityXiangtanChina
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research CenterXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research CenterXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaChina
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3
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You W, Xu Z, Chen W, Yang X, Liu S, Wang L, Tu Y, Zhou Y, Valencak TG, Wang Y, Kuang S, Shan T. Cellular and Transcriptional Dynamics during Brown Adipose Tissue Regeneration under Acute Injury. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0268. [PMID: 38434240 PMCID: PMC10907023 DOI: 10.34133/research.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the major site of non-shivering thermogenesis and crucial for systemic metabolism. Under chronic cold exposures and high-fat diet challenges, BAT undergoes robust remodeling to adapt to physiological demands. However, whether and how BAT regenerates after acute injuries are poorly understood. Here, we established a novel BAT injury and regeneration model (BAT-IR) in mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq to determine cellular and transcriptomic dynamics during BAT-IR. We further defined distinct fibro-adipogenic and myeloid progenitor populations contributing to BAT regeneration. Cell trajectory and gene expression analyses uncovered the involvement of MAPK, Wnt, and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways in BAT regeneration. We confirmed the role of Hh signaling in BAT development through Myf5Cre-mediated conditional knockout (cKO) of the Sufu gene to activate Hh signaling in BAT and muscle progenitors. Our BAT-IR model therefore provides a paradigm to identify conserved cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BAT development and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Li J, Chi J, Yang Y, Song Z, Yang Y, Zhou X, Liu Y, Zhao Y. PHDs-seq: a large-scale phenotypic screening method for drug discovery through parallel multi-readout quantification. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:22. [PMID: 37264282 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput phenotypic screening is a cornerstone of drug development and the main technical approach for stem cell research. However, simultaneous detection of activated core factors responsible for cell fate determination and accurate assessment of directional cell transition are difficult using conventional screening methods that focus on changes in only a few biomarkers. The PHDs-seq (Probe Hybridization based Drug screening by sequencing) platform was developed to evaluate compound function based on their transcriptional effects in a wide range of signature biomarkers. In this proof-of-concept demonstration, several sets of markers related to cell fate determination were profiled in adipocyte reprogramming from dermal fibroblasts. After validating the accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility of PHDs-seq data in molecular and cellular assays, a panel of 128 signalling-related compounds was screened for the ability to induce reprogramming of keloid fibroblasts (KF) into adipocytes. Notably, the potent ATP-competitive VEGFR/PDGFR inhibitor compound, ABT869, was found to promote the transition from fibroblasts to adipocytes. This study highlights the power and accuracy of the PHDs-seq platform for high-throughput drug screening in stem cell research, and supports its use in basic explorations of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jun Chi
- Plastech Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Plastech Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Plastech Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd, Nanjing, 210031, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Plastech Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd, Nanjing, 210031, China.
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5
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Muthamil S, Kim HY, Jang HJ, Lyu JH, Shin UC, Go Y, Park SH, Lee HG, Park JH. Understanding the relationship between cancer associated cachexia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114802. [PMID: 37146421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by an unrestricted loss of body weight as a result of muscle and adipose tissue atrophy. Cachexia is influenced by several factors, including decreased metabolic activity and food intake, an imbalance between energy uptake and expenditure, excessive catabolism, and inflammation. Cachexia is highly associated with all types of cancers responsible for more than half of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. In healthy individuals, adipose tissue significantly regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis. However, in metastatic cancer patients, CAC occurs mainly because of an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation which are organized by certain extracellular ligands and associated signaling pathways. Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) accumulated and translocated to the nucleus and activate numerous genes involved in cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer stemness. On the other hand, the ubiquitination proteasome pathway is inhibited during low O2 levels which promote muscle wasting in cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the HIF-1 pathway and its metabolic adaptation to biomolecules is important for developing a novel therapeutic method for cancer and cachexia therapy. Even though many HIF inhibitors are already in a clinical trial, their mechanism of action remains unknown. With this background, this review summarizes the basic concepts of cachexia, the role of inflammatory cytokines, pathways connected with cachexia with special reference to the HIF-1 pathway and its regulation, metabolic changes, and inhibitors of HIFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Muthamil
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Cheol Shin
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM)-application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Xue S, Lee D, Berry DC. Thermogenic adipose tissue in energy regulation and metabolic health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150059. [PMID: 37020585 PMCID: PMC10067564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate thermogenic fat could be a targeted therapy to thwart obesity and improve metabolic health. Brown and beige adipocytes are two types of thermogenic fat cells that regulate energy balance. Both adipocytes share common morphological, biochemical, and thermogenic properties. Yet, recent evidence suggests unique features exist between brown and beige adipocytes, such as their cellular origin and thermogenic regulatory processes. Beige adipocytes also appear highly plastic, responding to environmental stimuli and interconverting between beige and white adipocyte states. Additionally, beige adipocytes appear to be metabolically heterogenic and have substrate specificity. Nevertheless, obese and aged individuals cannot develop beige adipocytes in response to thermogenic fat-inducers, creating a key clinical hurdle to their therapeutic promise. Thus, elucidating the underlying developmental, molecular, and functional mechanisms that govern thermogenic fat cells will improve our understanding of systemic energy regulation and strive for new targeted therapies to generate thermogenic fat. This review will examine the recent advances in thermogenic fat biogenesis, molecular regulation, and the potential mechanisms for their failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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7
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Kwon J, Yeh YS, Kawarasaki S, Minamino H, Fujita Y, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Takahashi H, Nomura W, Matsumura S, Yu R, Kimura K, Saito M, Inagaki N, Inoue K, Kawada T, Goto T. Mevalonate biosynthesis pathway regulates the development and survival of brown adipocytes. iScience 2023; 26:106161. [PMID: 36895651 PMCID: PMC9988578 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The high thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has received considerable attention. Here, we demonstrated the role of the mevalonate (MVA) biosynthesis pathway in the regulation of brown adipocyte development and survival. The inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), the rate-limiting enzyme in the MVA pathway and the molecular target of statins, suppressed brown adipocyte differentiation by suppressing protein geranylgeranylation-mediated mitotic clonal expansion. The development of BAT in neonatal mice exposed to statins during the fetal period was severely impaired. Moreover, statin-induced geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) deficiency led to the apoptosis of mature brown adipocytes. Brown adipocyte-specific Hmgcr knockout induced BAT atrophy and disrupted thermogenesis. Importantly, both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of HMGCR in adult mice induced morphological changes in BAT accompanied by an increase in apoptosis, and statin-treated diabetic mice showed worsened hyperglycemia. These findings revealed that MVA pathway-generated GGPP is indispensable for BAT development and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungin Kwon
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yu-Sheng Yeh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawarasaki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroto Minamino
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuko Okamatsu-Ogura
- Departments of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Haruya Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wataru Nomura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, the Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 583-0872, Japan
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuhiro Kimura
- Departments of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Departments of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, the Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, the Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, the Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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8
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Verdile V, Svetoni F, La Rosa P, Ferrante G, Cesari E, Sette C, Paronetto M. EWS splicing regulation contributes to balancing Foxp1 isoforms required for neuronal differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3362-3378. [PMID: 35253879 PMCID: PMC8989529 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a key regulatory process underlying the amplification of genomic information and the expansion of proteomic diversity, particularly in brain. Here, we identify the Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) as a new player of alternative splicing regulation during neuronal differentiation. Knockdown of EWS in neuronal progenitor cells leads to premature differentiation. Transcriptome profiling of EWS-depleted cells revealed global changes in splicing regulation. Bioinformatic analyses and biochemical experiments demonstrated that EWS regulates alternative exons in a position-dependent fashion. Notably, several EWS-regulated splicing events are physiologically modulated during neuronal differentiation and EWS depletion in neuronal precursors anticipates the splicing-pattern of mature neurons. Among other targets, we found that EWS controls the alternative splicing of the forkhead family transcription factor FOXP1, a pivotal transcriptional regulator of neuronal differentiation, possibly contributing to the switch of gene expression underlying the neuronal differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Verdile
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Svetoni
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio La Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ferrante
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cesari
- GSTEP-Organoids Core Facility, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- GSTEP-Organoids Core Facility, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
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9
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Role of Distinct Fat Depots in Metabolic Regulation and Pathological Implications. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:135-176. [PMID: 35915363 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes are increasing exponentially around the world. Adipose tissue (AT) distribution and alteration in their biochemical properties play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that AT heterogeneity and depot-specific physiological changes are vital in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues like muscle and liver. Classically, AT depots are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); WAT is the site of fatty acid storage, while BAT is a dedicated organ of metabolic heat production. The discovery of beige adipocyte clusters in WAT depots indicates AT heterogeneity has a more central role than hither to ascribed. Therefore, we have discussed in detail the current state of understanding on cellular and molecular origin of different AT depots and their relevance toward physiological metabolic homeostasis. A major focus is to highlight the correlation between altered WAT distribution in the body and metabolic pathogenesis in animal models and humans. We have also underscored the disparity in the molecular (including signaling) changes in various WAT tissues during diabetic pathogenesis. Exercise-mediated beneficial alteration in WAT physiology/distribution that protects against metabolic disorders is evolving. Here we have discussed the depot-specific biochemical adjustments induced by different forms of exercise. A detailed understanding of the molecular details of inter-organ crosstalk via substrate utilization/storage and signaling through chemokines provide strategies to target selected WAT depots to pharmacologically mimic the benefits of exercise countering metabolic diseases including diabetes.
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10
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Lee SG, Kim N, Park IB, Park JH, Myung K. Tissue-specific DNA damage response in Mouse Whole-body irradiation. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Genomic instability is a hallmark of various cancers, and DNA repair is an essential process for maintaining genomic integrity. Mammalian cells have developed various DNA repair mechanisms in response to DNA damage. Compared to the cellular response to DNA damage, the in vivo DNA damage response (DDR) of specific tissues has not been studied extensively.
Objective
In this study, mice were exposed to whole-body gamma (γ)-irradiation to evaluate the specific DDR of various tissues. We treated male C57BL6/J mice with γ-irradiation at different doses, and the DDR protein levels in different tissues were analyzed.
Results
The level of gamma-H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) increased in most organs after exposure to γ-irradiation. In particular, the liver, lung, and kidney tissues showed higher γH2AX induction upon DNA damage, compared to that in the brain, muscle, and testis tissues. RAD51 was highly expressed in the testis, irrespective of irradiation. The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ubiquitinated PCNA increased in lung tissues upon irradiation, suggesting that the post-replication repair may mainly operate in the lungs in response to γ-irradiation.
Conclusion
These results suggest that each tissue has a preferable repair mechanism in response to γ-irradiation. Therefore, the understanding and application of tissue-specific DNA damage responses could improve the clinical approach of radiotherapy for treating specific cancers.
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11
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Zhao J, Tao C, Chen C, Wang Y, Liu T. Formation of thermogenic adipocytes: What we have learned from pigs. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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12
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Brandão BB, Poojari A, Rabiee A. Thermogenic Fat: Development, Physiological Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5906. [PMID: 34072788 PMCID: PMC8198523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerning worldwide increase of obesity and chronic metabolic diseases, such as T2D, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, motivates further investigations into preventive and alternative therapeutic approaches. Over the past decade, there has been growing evidence that the formation and activation of thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige) may serve as therapy to treat obesity and its associated diseases owing to its capacity to increase energy expenditure and to modulate circulating lipids and glucose levels. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of brown and beige adipocytes formation and activation will facilitate the development of strategies to combat metabolic disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of pathways and players involved in the development of brown and beige fat, as well as the role of thermogenic adipocytes in energy homeostasis and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the alterations in brown and beige adipose tissue function during obesity and explore the therapeutic potential of thermogenic activation to treat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B. Brandão
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Ankita Poojari
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
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13
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Abstract
Obesity, an excess accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT), has become a global epidemic and is associated with complex diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Presently, there are no safe and effective therapeutic agents to treat obesity. In contrast to white adipocytes that store energy as triglycerides in unilocular lipid droplet, brown and brown-like or beige adipocytes utilize fatty acids (FAs) and glucose at a high rate mainly by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) action to uncouple mitochondrial proton gradient from ATP synthesis, dissipating energy as heat. Recent studies on the presence of brown or brown-like adipocytes in adult humans have revealed their potential as therapeutic targets in combating obesity. Classically, the main signaling pathway known to activate thermogenesis in adipocytes is β3-adrenergic signaling, which is activated by norepinephrine in response to cold, leading to activation of the thermogenic program and browning. In addition to the β3-adrenergic signaling, numerous other hormones and secreted factors have been reported to affect thermogenesis. In this review, we discuss several major pathways, β3-adrenergic, insulin/IGF1, thyroid hormone and TGFβ family, which regulate thermogenesis and browning of WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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14
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Holzman MA, Ryckman A, Finkelstein TM, Landry-Truchon K, Schindler KA, Bergmann JM, Jeannotte L, Mansfield JH. HOXA5 Participates in Brown Adipose Tissue and Epaxial Skeletal Muscle Patterning and in Brown Adipocyte Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632303. [PMID: 33732701 PMCID: PMC7959767 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays critical thermogenic, metabolic and endocrine roles in mammals, and aberrant BAT function is associated with metabolic disorders including obesity and diabetes. The major BAT depots are clustered at the neck and forelimb levels, and arise largely within the dermomyotome of somites, from a common progenitor with skeletal muscle. However, many aspects of BAT embryonic development are not well understood. Hoxa5 patterns other tissues at the cervical and brachial levels, including skeletal, neural and respiratory structures. Here, we show that Hoxa5 also positively regulates BAT development, while negatively regulating formation of epaxial skeletal muscle. HOXA5 protein is expressed in embryonic preadipocytes and adipocytes as early as embryonic day 12.5. Hoxa5 null mutant embryos and rare, surviving adults show subtly reduced iBAT and sBAT formation, as well as aberrant marker expression, lower adipocyte density and altered lipid droplet morphology. Conversely, the epaxial muscles that arise from a common dermomyotome progenitor are expanded in Hoxa5 mutants. Conditional deletion of Hoxa5 with Myf5/Cre can reproduce both BAT and epaxial muscle phenotypes, indicating that HOXA5 is necessary within Myf5-positive cells for proper BAT and epaxial muscle development. However, recombinase-based lineage tracing shows that Hoxa5 does not act cell-autonomously to repress skeletal muscle fate. Interestingly, Hoxa5-dependent regulation of adipose-associated transcripts is conserved in lung and diaphragm, suggesting a shared molecular role for Hoxa5 in multiple tissues. Together, these findings establish a role for Hoxa5 in embryonic BAT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A. Holzman
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Abigail Ryckman
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tova M. Finkelstein
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kim Landry-Truchon
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kyra A. Schindler
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jenna M. Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, CRCHU de Québec-Université Laval (Oncology), Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer H. Mansfield
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Shinde AB, Song A, Wang QA. Brown Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity, Energy Metabolism, and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:651763. [PMID: 33953697 PMCID: PMC8092391 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.651763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocyte in brown adipose tissue (BAT) specializes in expending energy through non-shivering thermogenesis, a process that produces heat either by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) dependent uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration or by UCP1 independent mechanisms. Apart from this, there is ample evidence suggesting that BAT has an endocrine function. Studies in rodents point toward its vital roles in glucose and lipid homeostasis, making it an important therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders related to morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The rediscovery of thermogenically active BAT depots in humans by several independent research groups in the last decade has revitalized interest in BAT as an even more promising therapeutic intervention. Over the last few years, there has been overwhelming interest in understanding brown adipocyte's developmental lineages and how brown adipocyte uniquely utilizes energy beyond UCP1 mediated uncoupling respiration. These new discoveries would be leveraged for designing novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Babaji Shinde
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Qiong A. Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Qiong A. Wang,
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16
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The Intricate Role of p53 in Adipocyte Differentiation and Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122621. [PMID: 33297294 PMCID: PMC7762213 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than three decades, numerous studies have demonstrated the function of p53 in cell cycle, cellular senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, and metabolism. Among diverse functions, the essential role of p53 is to maintain cellular homeostatic response to stress by regulating proliferation and apoptosis. Recently, adipocytes have been studied with increasing intensity owing to the increased prevalence of metabolic diseases posing a serious public health concern and because metabolic dysfunction can directly induce tumorigenesis. The prevalence of metabolic diseases has steadily increased worldwide, and a growing interest in these diseases has led to the focus on the role of p53 in metabolism and adipocyte differentiation with or without metabolic stress. However, our collective understanding of the direct role of p53 in adipocyte differentiation and function remains insufficient. Therefore, this review focuses on the newly discovered roles of p53 in adipocyte differentiation and function.
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17
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Rabiee A, Plucińska K, Isidor MS, Brown EL, Tozzi M, Sidoli S, Petersen PSS, Agueda-Oyarzabal M, Torsetnes SB, Chehabi GN, Lundh M, Altıntaş A, Barrès R, Jensen ON, Gerhart-Hines Z, Emanuelli B. White adipose remodeling during browning in mice involves YBX1 to drive thermogenic commitment. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101137. [PMID: 33285300 PMCID: PMC7779825 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Increasing adaptive thermogenesis by stimulating browning in white adipose tissue is a promising method of improving metabolic health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this transition remain elusive. Our study examined the molecular determinants driving the differentiation of precursor cells into thermogenic adipocytes. Methods In this study, we conducted temporal high-resolution proteomic analysis of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) after cold exposure in mice. This was followed by loss- and gain-of-function experiments using siRNA-mediated knockdown and CRISPRa-mediated induction of gene expression, respectively, to evaluate the function of the transcriptional regulator Y box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) during adipogenesis of brown pre-adipocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Transcriptomic analysis of mesenchymal stem cells following induction of endogenous Ybx1 expression was conducted to elucidate transcriptomic events controlled by YBX1 during adipogenesis. Results Our proteomics analysis uncovered 509 proteins differentially regulated by cold in a time-dependent manner. Overall, 44 transcriptional regulators were acutely upregulated following cold exposure, among which included the cold-shock domain containing protein YBX1, peaking after 24 h. Cold-induced upregulation of YBX1 also occurred in brown adipose tissue, but not in visceral white adipose tissue, suggesting a role of YBX1 in thermogenesis. This role was confirmed by Ybx1 knockdown in brown and brite preadipocytes, which significantly impaired their thermogenic potential. Conversely, inducing Ybx1 expression in mesenchymal stem cells during adipogenesis promoted browning concurrent with an increased expression of thermogenic markers and enhanced mitochondrial respiration. At a molecular level, our transcriptomic analysis showed that YBX1 regulates a subset of genes, including the histone H3K9 demethylase Jmjd1c, to promote thermogenic adipocyte differentiation. Conclusion Our study mapped the dynamic proteomic changes of murine scWAT during browning and identified YBX1 as a novel factor coordinating the genomic mechanisms by which preadipocytes commit to brite/beige lineage. Dynamic proteome remodeling occurs in mouse subcutaneous white fat with cold. YBX1 acutely increases in response to cold in thermogenic adipose tissues. YBX1 is required for the optimal implementation of the early thermogenic program. YBX1 promotes metabolic and thermogenic programs and enhances mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Rabiee
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaja Plucińska
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Sophie Isidor
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erin Louise Brown
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Tozzi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, Denmark
| | - Patricia Stephanie S Petersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina Agueda-Oyarzabal
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silje Bøen Torsetnes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Galal Nazih Chehabi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lundh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Nørregaard Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Emanuelli
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Hossain M, Imran KM, Rahman MS, Yoon D, Marimuthu V, Kim YS. Sinapic acid induces the expression of thermogenic signature genes and lipolysis through activation of PKA/CREB signaling in brown adipocytes. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31401979 PMCID: PMC7118353 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.3.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue is the key contributor to the obesity and orchestrates numerous metabolic health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Nonetheless, the prevention and treatment of obesity are still inadequate. Recently, scientists found that brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans has functions that are diametrically opposite to those of white adipose tissue and that BAT holds promise for a new strategy to counteract obesity. In this study, we evaluated the potential of sinapic acid (SA) to promote the thermogenic program and lipolysis in BAT. SA treatment of brown adipocytes induced the expression of brown-adipocyte activation–related genes such as Ucp1, Pgc-1α, and Prdm16. Furthermore, structural analysis and western blot revealed that SA upregulates protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation with competitive inhibition by a pan-PKA inhibitor, H89. SA binds to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) site on the PKA catalytic subunit where H89 binds specifically. PKA-cat-α1 gene–silencing experiments confirmed that SA activates the thermogenic program via a mechanism involving PKA and cyclic AMP response element–binding protein (CREB) signaling. Moreover, SA treatment promoted lipolysis via a PKA/p38-mediated pathway. Our findings may allow us to open a new avenue of strategies against obesity and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Hossain
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Khan Mohammad Imran
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Md Shamim Rahman
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Dahyeon Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Vignesh Marimuthu
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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19
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Nishiyama D, Chinen Y, Isa R, Fujibayashi Y, Kuwahara-Ota S, Yamaguchi J, Takimoto-Shimomura T, Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Shimura Y, Kobayashi T, Horiike S, Taniwaki M, Handa H, Kuroda J. EWSR1 overexpression is a pro-oncogenic event in multiple myeloma. Int J Hematol 2020; 113:381-394. [PMID: 33095415 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-03027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is cytogenetically, genetically and molecularly heterogenous even among subclones in one patient, therefore, it is essential to identify both frequent and patient-specific drivers of molecular abnormality. Following previous molecular investigations, we in this study investigated the expression patterns and function of the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene in MM. The EWSR1 transcriptional level in CD138-positive myeloma cells was higher in 36.4% of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, in 67.4% of MM patients compared with normal plasma cells, and significantly higher in ten human myeloma-derived cell lines (HMCLs) examined. EWSR1 gene knockdown caused growth inhibition with an increase of apoptotic cells in NCI-H929 and KMS-12-BM cells. Gene expression profiling using microarray analysis suggested EWSR1 gene knockdown caused transcriptional modulation of several genes associated with processes such as cell proliferation, cell motility, cell metabolism, and gene expression. Of particular, EWSR1 gene knockdown caused upregulation of let-7c and downregulation of its known targets K-RAS and AKT. Finally, our analysis using community database suggested that high EWSR1 expression positively associates with poor prognosis and advanced disease stage in MM. These findings suggest that EWSR1 overexpression is a pro-oncogenic molecular abnormality that may participate in MM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Nishiyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Fukuchiyama, Japan
| | - Reiko Isa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saeko Kuwahara-Ota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junko Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takimoto-Shimomura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horiike
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural Univesity of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
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20
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Lee SG, Kim N, Kim SM, Park IB, Kim H, Kim S, Kim BG, Hwang JM, Baek IJ, Gartner A, Park JH, Myung K. Ewing sarcoma protein promotes dissociation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 from chromatin. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48676. [PMID: 33006225 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) facilitates DNA damage response (DDR). While the Ewing's sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWS) protein fused to FLI1 triggers sarcoma formation, the physiological function of EWS is largely unknown. Here, we investigate the physiological role of EWS in regulating PARP1. We show that EWS is required for PARP1 dissociation from damaged DNA. Abnormal PARP1 accumulation caused by EWS inactivation leads to excessive Poly(ADP-Ribosy)lation (PARylation) and triggers cell death in both in vitro and in vivo models. Consistent with previous work, the arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) domain of EWS is essential for PAR chain interaction and PARP1 dissociation from damaged DNA. Ews and Parp1 double mutant mice do not show improved survival, but supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotides extends Ews-mutant pups' survival, which might be due to compensatory activation of other PARP proteins. Consistently, PARP1 accumulates on chromatin in Ewing's sarcoma cells expressing an EWS fusion protein that cannot interact with PARP1, and tissues derived from Ewing's sarcoma patients show increased PARylation. Taken together, our data reveal that EWS is important for removing PARP1 from damaged chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Gyeong Lee
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Namwoo Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Su-Min Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - In Bae Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Shinseog Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jung Me Hwang
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
| | - In-Joon Baek
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Anton Gartner
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea.,Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea
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21
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Zhao Q, Zhang Z, Rong W, Jin W, Yan L, Jin W, Xu Y, Cui X, Tang QQ, Pan D. KMT5c modulates adipocyte thermogenesis by regulating Trp53 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22413-22422. [PMID: 32839323 PMCID: PMC7486735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922548117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes harbor the thermogenic capacity to adapt to environmental thermal or nutritional changes. Histone methylation is an essential epigenetic modification involved in the modulation of nonshivering thermogenesis in adipocytes. Here, we describe a molecular network leading by KMT5c, a H4K20 methyltransferase, that regulates adipocyte thermogenesis and systemic energy expenditure. The expression of Kmt5c is dramatically induced by a β3-adrenergic signaling cascade in both brown and beige fat cells. Depleting Kmt5c in adipocytes in vivo leads to a decreased expression of thermogenic genes in both brown and subcutaneous (s.c.) fat tissues. These mice are prone to high-fat-diet-induced obesity and develop glucose intolerance. Enhanced transformation related protein 53 (Trp53) expression in Kmt5c knockout (KO) mice, that is due to the decreased repressive mark H4K20me3 on its proximal promoter, is responsible for the metabolic phenotypes. Together, these findings reveal the physiological role for KMT5c-mediated H4K20 methylation in the maintenance and activation of the thermogenic program in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiong Rong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongning Pan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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22
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Silk Fibroin Promotes the Regeneration of Pancreatic β-Cells in the C57BL/KsJ- Leprdb/db Mouse. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143259. [PMID: 32708887 PMCID: PMC7397053 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, and its progression leads to serious complications. Although various novel therapeutic approaches for diabetes mellitus have developed in the last three decades, its prevalence has been rising more rapidly worldwide. Silk-related materials have been used as anti-diabetic remedies in Oriental medicine and many studies have shown the effects of silk fibroin (SF) in both in vitro and in vivo models. In our previous works, we reported that hydrolyzed SF improved the survival of HIT-T15 cells under high glucose conditions and ameliorated diabetic dyslipidemia in a mouse model. However, we could not provide a precise molecular mechanism. To further evaluate the functions of hydrolyzed SF on the pancreatic β-cell, we investigated the effects of hydrolyzed SF on the pancreatic β-cell proliferation and regeneration in the mouse model. Hydrolyzed SF induced the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and reduced the apoptotic cell population in the pancreatic islets. Hydrolyzed SF treatment not only induced the expression of transcription factors involved in the pancreatic β-cell regeneration in RT-PCR results but also increased neurogenin3 and Neuro D protein levels in the pancreas of those in the group treated with hydrolyzed SF. In line with this, hydrolyzed SF treatment generated insulin mRNA expressing small cell colonies in the pancreas. Therefore, our results suggest that the administration of hydrolyzed SF increases the pancreatic β-cell proliferation and regeneration in C57BL/KsJ-Leprdb/db mice.
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23
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Bazile J, Jaffrezic F, Dehais P, Reichstadt M, Klopp C, Laloe D, Bonnet M. Molecular signatures of muscle growth and composition deciphered by the meta-analysis of age-related public transcriptomics data. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:322-332. [PMID: 32657225 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00020.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lean-to-fat ratio is a major issue in the beef meat industry from both carcass and meat production perspectives. This industrial perspective has motivated meat physiologists to use transcriptomics technologies to decipher mechanisms behind fat deposition within muscle during the time course of muscle growth. However, synthetic biological information from this volume of data remains to be produced to identify mechanisms found in various breeds and rearing practices. We conducted a meta-analysis on 10 transcriptomic data sets stored in public databases, from the longissimus thoracis of five different bovine breeds divergent by age. We updated gene identifiers on the last version of the bovine genome (UCD1.2), and the 715 genes common to the 10 studies were subjected to the meta-analysis. Of the 238 genes differentially expressed (DEG), we identified a transcriptional signature of the dynamic regulation of glycolytic and oxidative metabolisms that agrees with a known shift between those two pathways from the animal puberty. We proposed some master genes of the myogenesis, namely MYOG and MAPK14, as probable regulators of the glycolytic and oxidative metabolisms. We also identified overexpressed genes related to lipid metabolism (APOE, LDLR, MXRA8, and HSP90AA1) that may contribute to the expected enhanced marbling as age increases. Lastly, we proposed a transcriptional signature related to the induction (YBX1) or repression (MAPK14, YWAH, ERBB2) of the commitment of myogenic progenitors into the adipogenic lineage. The relationships between the abundance of the identified mRNA and marbling values remain to be analyzed in a marbling biomarkers discovery perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bazile
- INRAE, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Florence Jaffrezic
- INRAE, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Patrice Dehais
- Plate-forme bio-informatique Genotoul, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France.,SIGENAE, GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Matthieu Reichstadt
- INRAE, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plate-forme bio-informatique Genotoul, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France.,SIGENAE, GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Denis Laloe
- INRAE, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Bonnet
- INRAE, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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24
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Divakaran SJ, Srivastava S, Jahagirdar A, Rajendran R, Sukhdeo SV, Rajakumari S. Sesaminol induces brown and beige adipocyte formation through suppression of myogenic program. FASEB J 2020; 34:6854-6870. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902124r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Jaya Divakaran
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Simran Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
| | - Anusha Jahagirdar
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Rajprabu Rajendran
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
| | - Shinde Vijay Sukhdeo
- Department of Lipid Science, Lipidomics Center CSIR‐Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysuru India
| | - Sona Rajakumari
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram India
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India
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25
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Hossain M, Imran KM, Rahman MS, Yoon D, Marimuthu V, Kim YS. Sinapic acid induces the expression of thermogenic signature genes and lipolysis through activation of PKA/CREB signaling in brown adipocytes. BMB Rep 2020; 53:142-147. [PMID: 31401979 PMCID: PMC7118353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue is the key contributor to the obesity and orchestrates numerous metabolic health problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Nonetheless, the prevention and treatment of obesity are still inadequate. Recently, scientists found that brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans has functions that are diametrically opposite to those of white adipose tissue and that BAT holds promise for a new strategy to counteract obesity. In this study, we evaluated the potential of sinapic acid (SA) to promote the thermogenic program and lipolysis in BAT. SA treatment of brown adipocytes induced the expression of brown-adipocyte activation-related genes such as Ucp1, Pgc-1α, and Prdm16. Furthermore, structural analysis and western blot revealed that SA upregulates protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation with competitive inhibition by a pan-PKA inhibitor, H89. SA binds to the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) site on the PKA catalytic subunit where H89 binds specifically. PKA-cat-α1 gene-silencing experiments confirmed that SA activates the thermogenic program via a mechanism involving PKA and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. Moreover, SA treatment promoted lipolysis via a PKA/p38-mediated pathway. Our findings may allow us to open a new avenue of strategies against obesity and need further investigation. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(3): 142-147].
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Hossain
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Khan Mohammad Imran
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Md. Shamim Rahman
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Dahyeon Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Vignesh Marimuthu
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Yong-Sik Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chenan 31151, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
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26
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López-Gallardo E, Cammarata-Scalisi F, Emperador S, Hernández-Ainsa C, Habbane M, Vela-Sebastián A, Bayona-Bafaluy MP, Montoya J, Ruiz-Pesini E. Mitochondrial DNA pathogenic mutations in multiple symmetric lipomatosis. Clin Genet 2020; 97:731-735. [PMID: 31912494 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of dermatological manifestations in diseases due to mitochondrial DNA mutations is not well known, although multiple symmetric lipomatosis has been repeatedly associated to mitochondrial DNA mutations. Here, we present a patient suffering from multiple symmetric lipomatosis and other skin signs. We found a new mitochondrial DNA mutation, m.8357T>C, in the tRNALys -coding gene and, using a cybrid approach, confirmed its pathogenicity. A meta-analysis of the dermatological signs of the patient shows that they are not common in patients with confirmed mitochondrial DNA mutations and suggests that, in these cases, lipomatosis is not related to the oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction, but to an alteration of an additional function associated to particular mitochondrial tRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester López-Gallardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Cammarata-Scalisi
- Unidad de Genética Médica, Departamento de Puericultura y Pediatría, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Hernández-Ainsa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mouna Habbane
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculté des Sciences Ben M'Sik, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ana Vela-Sebastián
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
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27
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Lee J, Nguyen PT, Shim HS, Hyeon SJ, Im H, Choi MH, Chung S, Kowall NW, Lee SB, Ryu H. EWSR1, a multifunctional protein, regulates cellular function and aging via genetic and epigenetic pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1938-1945. [PMID: 30481590 PMCID: PMC6527469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is a bone cancer arising predominantly in young children. EWSR1 (Ewing Sarcoma breakpoint region 1/EWS RNA binding protein 1) gene is ubiquitously expressed in most cell types, indicating it has diverse roles in various cellular processes and organ development. Recently, several studies have shown that missense mutations of EWSR1 genes are known to be associated with central nervous system disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Otherwise, EWSR1 plays epigenetic roles in gene expression, RNA processing, and cellular signal transduction. Interestingly, EWSR1 controls micro RNA (miRNA) levels via Drosha, leading to autophagy dysfunction and impaired dermal development. Ewsr1 deficiency also leads to premature senescence of blood cells and gamete cells with a high rate of apoptosis due to the abnormal meiosis. Despite these roles of EWSR1 in various cellular functions, the exact mechanisms are not yet understood. In this context, the current review overviews a large body of evidence and discusses on what EWSR1 genetic mutations are associated with brain diseases and on how EWSR1 modulates cellular function via the epigenetic pathway. This will provide a better understanding of bona fide roles of EWSR1 in aging and its association with brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Lee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Departments of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America; Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Phuong T Nguyen
- Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shim
- Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyeonjoo Im
- Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Choi
- Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Sooyoung Chung
- Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Departments of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America; Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Sean Bong Lee
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center and Departments of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States of America; Veteran's Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Centers for Neuromedicine and Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea.
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28
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Chen L, Zhou Q, Liu E, Zhang J, Duan L, Zhu D, Chen J, Duan Y. rSjp40 inhibits activated hepatic stellate cells by promoting nuclear translocation of YB1 and inducing BMP-7/Smad1/5/8 pathway. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:279. [PMID: 31151477 PMCID: PMC6545069 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of hepatic stellate cells is the dominant pathogenic event during the process of liver fibrosis. Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-7 has recently been identified as an anti-fibrotic factor and leads to phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 in activated hepatic stellate cells. Its expression can be upregulated by the transcriptional activator, Y-Box protein-1 (YB1). Previous studies have found that the recombinant Schistosoma japonicum protein p40 (rSjp40) can inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells, and based on this evidence we attempted to investigate whether or not BMP-7 is involved in rSjp40’s inhibition. Methods A human hepatic stellate cell line, the LX-2 cell line, was cultured and treated with rSjp40. The role of BMP-7 was analyzed by Western blot. Results Our findings testified that knockdown of BMP-7 impaired rSjp40-induced downregulation of α-SMA and phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 in LX-2 cells. Furthermore, rSjp40 upregulated expression of BMP-7 at both mRNA and protein levels depending on YB1. Interestingly, YB1 was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon treatment of rSjp40. Conclusions These results suggest that rSjp40 inhibits the activation of hepatic stellate cells by promoting nuclear translocation of YB1 and inducing BMP-7/Smad1/5/8 pathway, which provide a new clue to guide ongoing research into the anti-fibrosis of rSjp40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuting Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ertao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong Fourth People's Hospital, Nantong, 226005, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Alcalá M, Calderon-Dominguez M, Serra D, Herrero L, Viana M. Mechanisms of Impaired Brown Adipose Tissue Recruitment in Obesity. Front Physiol 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30814954 PMCID: PMC6381290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy to produce heat. Thus, it has the potential to regulate body temperature by thermogenesis. For the last decade, BAT has been in the spotlight due to its rediscovery in adult humans. This is evidenced by over a hundred clinical trials that are currently registered to target BAT as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity or diabetes. The goal of most of these trials is to activate the BAT thermogenic program via several approaches such as adrenergic stimulation, natriuretic peptides, retinoids, capsinoids, thyroid hormones, or glucocorticoids. However, the impact of BAT activation on total body energy consumption and the potential effect on weight loss is still limited. Other studies have focused on increasing the mass of thermogenic BAT. This can be relevant in obesity, where the activity and abundance of BAT have been shown to be drastically reduced. The aim of this review is to describe pathological processes associated with obesity that may influence the correct differentiation of BAT, such as catecholamine resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This will shed light on the thermogenic potential of BAT as a therapeutic approach to target obesity-induced metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Alcalá
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Jin L, Wu J, Bellusci S, Zhang JS. Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 and Vertebrate Limb Development. Front Genet 2019; 9:705. [PMID: 30687387 PMCID: PMC6338048 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early limb development requires fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)-mediated coordination between growth and patterning to ensure the proper formation of a functional organ. The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is a domain of thickened epithelium located at the distal edge of the limb bud that coordinates outgrowth along the proximodistal axis. Considerable amount of work has been done to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying induction, maintenance and regression of the AER. Fgf10, a paracrine Fgf that elicits its biological responses by activating the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b), is crucial for governing proximal distal outgrowth as well as patterning and acts upstream of the known AER marker Fgf8. A transgenic mouse line allowing doxycycline-based inducible and ubiquitous expression of a soluble form of Fgfr2b has been extensively used to identify the role of Fgfr2b ligands at different time points during development. Overexpression of soluble Fgfr2b (sFgfr2b) post-AER induction leads to irreversible loss of cellular β-catenin organization and decreased Fgf8 expression in the AER. A similar approach has been carried out pre-AER induction. The observed limb phenotype is similar to the severe proximal truncations observed in human babies exposed to thalidomide, which has been proposed to block the Fgf10-AER-Fgf8 feedback loop. Novel insights on the role of Fgf10 signaling in limb formation pre- and post-AER induction are summarized in this review and will be integrated with possible future investigations on the role of Fgf10 throughout limb development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University-Wenzhou Medical University Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Grigoraş A, Amalinei C, Balan RA, Giuşcă SE, Avădănei ER, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID. Adipocytes spectrum - From homeostasia to obesity and its associated pathology. Ann Anat 2018; 219:102-120. [PMID: 30049662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Firstly identified by anatomists, the fat tissue is nowadays an area of intense research due to increased global prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases. Histologically, there are four types of fat tissue cells which are currently recognized (white, brown, beige, and perivascular adipocytes). Therefore, in this study we are reviewing the most recent data regarding the origin, structure, and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of adipocytes. White adipocytes can store triglycerides as a consequence of lipogenesis, under the regulation of growth hormone or leptin and adiponectin, and release fatty acids resulted from lipolysis, under the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, glucocorticoids, TNF-α, insulin, and natriuretic peptides. Brown adipocytes possess a mitochondrial transmembrane protein thermogenin or UCP1 which allows heat generation. Recently, thermogenic, UCP positive adipocytes have been identified in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue and have been named beige adipocytes. The nature of these cells is still controversial, as current theories are suggesting their origin either by transdifferentiation of white adipocytes, or by differentiation from an own precursor cell. Perivascular adipocytes surround most of the arteries, exhibiting a supportive role and being involved in the maintenance of intravascular temperature. Thoracic perivascular adipocytes resemble brown adipocytes, while abdominal ones are more similar to white adipocytes and, consequently, are involved in obesity-induced inflammatory reactions. The factors involved in the regulation of adipose stem cells differentiation may represent potential pathways to inhibit or to divert adipogenesis. Several molecules, such as pro-adipogenic factors (FGF21, BMP7, BMP8b, and Cox-2), cell surface proteins or receptors (Asc-1, PAT2, P2RX5), and hypothalamic receptors (MC4R) have been identified as the most promising targets for the development of future therapies. Further investigations are necessary to complete the knowledge about adipose tissue and the development of a new generation of therapeutic tools based on molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grigoraş
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Amalinei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Raluca Anca Balan
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Simona Eliza Giuşcă
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Elena Roxana Avădănei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Ludmila Lozneanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Irina-Draga Căruntu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
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Hildebrand S, Stümer J, Pfeifer A. PVAT and Its Relation to Brown, Beige, and White Adipose Tissue in Development and Function. Front Physiol 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 29467675 PMCID: PMC5808192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is commonly categorized into three types with distinct functions, phenotypes, and anatomical localizations. White adipose tissue (WAT) is the major energy store; the largest depots of WAT are found in subcutaneous or intravisceral sites. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for energy dissipation during cold-exposure (i.e., non-shivering thermogenesis) and is primarily located in the interscapular region. Beige or brite (brown-in-white) adipose tissue can be found interspersed in WAT and can attain a brown-like phenotype. These three types of tissues also have endocrine functions and play major roles in whole body metabolism especially in obesity and its co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease. Over the last years, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has emerged as an adipose organ with endocrine and paracrine functions. Pro and anti-inflammatory agents released by PVAT affect vascular health, and are implicated in the inflammatory aspects of atherosclerosis. PVAT shares several of the defining characteristics of brown adipose tissue, including its cellular morphology and expression of thermogenic genes characteristic for brown adipocytes. However, PVATs from different vessels are phenotypically different, and significant developmental differences exist between PVAT and other adipose tissues. Whether PVAT represents classical BAT, beige adipose tissue, or WAT with changing characteristics, is unclear. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how PVAT relates to other types of adipose tissue, both in terms of functionality, developmental origins, and its role in obesity-related cardiovascular disease and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Hildebrand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jasmin Stümer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Yoon D, Imran KM, Kim YS. Distinctive effects of licarin A on lipolysis mediated by PKA and on formation of brown adipocytes from C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 340:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tapia P, Fernández-Galilea M, Robledo F, Mardones P, Galgani JE, Cortés VA. Biology and pathological implications of brown adipose tissue: promises and caveats for the control of obesity and its associated complications. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:1145-1164. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Tapia
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - Fermín Robledo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - Pablo Mardones
- Research and Innovation Office, School of Engineering; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - José E. Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud; Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - Víctor A. Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
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Kedage V, Selvaraj N, Nicholas TR, Budka JA, Plotnik JP, Jerde TJ, Hollenhorst PC. An Interaction with Ewing's Sarcoma Breakpoint Protein EWS Defines a Specific Oncogenic Mechanism of ETS Factors Rearranged in Prostate Cancer. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1289-1301. [PMID: 27783944 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50% of prostate tumors have a chromosomal rearrangement resulting in aberrant expression of an oncogenic ETS family transcription factor. However, mechanisms that differentiate the function of oncogenic ETS factors expressed in prostate tumors from non-oncogenic ETS factors expressed in normal prostate are unknown. Here, we find that four oncogenic ETS (ERG, ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5), and no other ETS, interact with the Ewing's sarcoma breakpoint protein, EWS. This EWS interaction was necessary and sufficient for oncogenic ETS functions including gene activation, cell migration, clonogenic survival, and transformation. Significantly, the EWS interacting region of ERG has no homology with that of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5. Therefore, this finding may explain how divergent ETS factors have a common oncogenic function. Strikingly, EWS is fused to various ETS factors by the chromosome translocations that cause Ewing's sarcoma. Therefore, these findings link oncogenic ETS function in both prostate cancer and Ewing's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Kedage
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Taylor R Nicholas
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Justin A Budka
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Joshua P Plotnik
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Travis J Jerde
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Peter C Hollenhorst
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Rozenblit-Susan S, Chapnik N, Froy O. Serotonin prevents differentiation into brown adipocytes and induces transdifferentiation into white adipocytes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:704-710. [PMID: 29081505 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Serotonin is synthesized by many cells in the periphery to affect vasoconstriction, intestinal motility, and glucose and lipid metabolism. It has recently been shown that serotonin leads to fat accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the direct effect of serotonin on brown adipose tissue differentiation and metabolism is limited. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of serotonin on brown adipocyte metabolism and differentiation. METHODS Non-differentiated HIB1B cells and differentiated HIB1B brown adipocytes were treated with serotonin and their metabolism and differentiation examined. RESULTS Differentiated HIB1B brown adipocytes treated with serotonin had reduced levels of the thermogenic markers uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and increased levels of UCP2. In parallel, serotonin led to 3-6-fold reduction in the gene expression of brown adipocyte differentiation markers, that is, Prdm16 (positive regulatory domain 16), Bmp7 (bone morphogenic protein 7) and Pparγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ). Serotonin treatment reduced catabolism and mitochondrial activity shifting metabolism towards fatty acid synthesis rather than oxidation. Strikingly, non-differentiated HIB1B preadipocytes incubated with serotonin failed to differentiate into brown adipocytes. Moreover, although BMP6-treated myoblasts can readily differentiate into brown adipocytes, serotonin interfered with this process. CONCLUSIONS Serotonin leads to whitening of brown adipocytes, shifting their metabolism to fat accumulation rather than oxidation. In addition, serotonin interferes with the differentiation process into brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rozenblit-Susan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - N Chapnik
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - O Froy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes arise from distinct developmental origins. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) develops embryonically from precursors that also give to skeletal muscle. Beige fat develops postnatally and is highly inducible. Beige fat recruitment is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including de novo beige adipogenesis and white-to-brown adipocyte transdifferentiaiton. Beige precursors reside around vasculatures, and proliferate and differentiate into beige adipocytes. PDGFRα+Ebf2+ precursors are restricted to beige lineage cells, while another PDGFRα+ subset gives rise to beige adipocytes, white adipocytes, or fibrogenic cells. White adipocytes can be reprogramed and transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. Brown and beige adipocytes display many similar properties, including multilocular lipid droplets, dense mitochondria, and expression of UCP1. UCP1-mediated thermogenesis is a hallmark of brown/beige adipocytes, albeit UCP1-independent thermogenesis also occurs. Development, maintenance, and activation of BAT/beige fat are guided by genetic and epigenetic programs. Numerous transcriptional factors and coactivators act coordinately to promote BAT/beige fat thermogenesis. Epigenetic reprograming influences expression of brown/beige adipocyte-selective genes. BAT/beige fat is regulated by neuronal, hormonal, and immune mechanisms. Hypothalamic thermal circuits define the temperature setpoint that guides BAT/beige fat activity. Metabolic hormones, paracrine/autocrine factors, and various immune cells also play a critical role in regulating BAT/beige fat functions. BAT and beige fat defend temperature homeostasis, and regulate body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. Obesity is associated with brown/beige fat deficiency, and reactivation of brown/beige fat provides metabolic health benefits in some patients. Pharmacological activation of BAT/beige fat may hold promise for combating metabolic diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1281-1306, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Fukunaka A, Fukada T, Bhin J, Suzuki L, Tsuzuki T, Takamine Y, Bin BH, Yoshihara T, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Naito H, Miyatsuka T, Takamiya S, Sasaki T, Inagaki T, Kitamura T, Kajimura S, Watada H, Fujitani Y. Zinc transporter ZIP13 suppresses beige adipocyte biogenesis and energy expenditure by regulating C/EBP-β expression. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006950. [PMID: 28854265 PMCID: PMC5576661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the relevance of beige adipocytes in adult humans, a better understanding of the molecular circuits involved in beige adipocyte biogenesis has provided new insight into human brown adipocyte biology. Genetic mutations in SLC39A13/ZIP13, a member of zinc transporter family, are known to reduce adipose tissue mass in humans; however, the underlying mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the Zip13-deficient mouse shows enhanced beige adipocyte biogenesis and energy expenditure, and shows ameliorated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies showed that an accumulation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBP-β) protein, which cooperates with dominant transcriptional co-regulator PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) to determine brown/beige adipocyte lineage, is essential for the enhanced adipocyte browning caused by the loss of ZIP13. Furthermore, ZIP13-mediated zinc transport is a prerequisite for degrading the C/EBP-β protein to inhibit adipocyte browning. Thus, our data reveal an unexpected association between zinc homeostasis and beige adipocyte biogenesis, which may contribute significantly to the development of new therapies for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Inducible brown fat-like cells, named beige adipocytes have recently been a topic of great interest, mainly because they are induced in response to external cues, and are closely associated with adult human brown adipocyte. Therefore, the identification of selective molecular circuits involved in beige adipocyte biogenesis and thermogenesis will enable the selective induction of white adipocyte browning as a therapy for obesity. Here, we show that zinc homeostasis, which is controlled by ZIP13, a protein associated with human disease, is essential for the accurate regulation of beige adipocyte differentiation. Inhibition of ZIP13 function enhances beige adipocyte biogenesis and thermogenesis, highlighting the potential of ZIP13 as a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Fukunaka
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- AMED-JST-CREST Program, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luka Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuri Takamine
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Takamiya
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kitamura
- Laboratory of Metabolic Signaling, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
- PRESTO-JST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- AMED-JST-CREST Program, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Human brown adipose tissue-function and therapeutic potential in metabolic disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 37:1-9. [PMID: 28800407 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in brown adipose tissue (BAT) over the last decade. Key to this has been our ability to accurately image it, which has improved significantly. The role of BAT in regulating energy expenditure is important, and its pharmacological manipulation may hold therapeutic potential in metabolic disease. There is ample evidence of BAT activation by cold exposure, and pharmacological utilisation of similar pathways, using B3 receptor agonists holds promise since the development of selective agonists with limited cross-reactivity has rekindled interest. Endogenous agents like irisin, FGF21 and certain gut hormones may hold value as BAT activators. Other agents such as steroid hormones may also hold therapeutic potential, although short-term worsening of metabolic profile remains problematic. Clearly, pharmacological manipulation of BAT is important, and thanks to recent advances we may one day be able to add such agents to our anti-obesity arsenal.
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40
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Zbtb7b engages the long noncoding RNA Blnc1 to drive brown and beige fat development and thermogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7111-E7120. [PMID: 28784777 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703494114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes convert chemical energy into heat through uncoupled respiration to defend against cold stress. Beyond thermogenesis, brown and beige fats engage other metabolic tissues via secreted factors to influence systemic energy metabolism. How the protein and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) regulatory networks act in concert to regulate key aspects of thermogenic adipocyte biology remains largely unknown. Here we developed a genome-wide functional screen to interrogate the transcription factors and cofactors in thermogenic gene activation and identified zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 7b (Zbtb7b) as a potent driver of brown fat development and thermogenesis and cold-induced beige fat formation. Zbtb7b is required for activation of the thermogenic gene program in brown and beige adipocytes. Genetic ablation of Zbtb7b impaired cold-induced transcriptional remodeling in brown fat, rendering mice sensitive to cold temperature, and diminished browning of inguinal white fat. Proteomic analysis revealed a mechanistic link between Zbtb7b and the lncRNA regulatory pathway through which Zbtb7b recruits the brown fat lncRNA 1 (Blnc1)/heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (hnRNPU) ribonucleoprotein complex to activate thermogenic gene expression in adipocytes. These findings illustrate the emerging concept of a protein-lncRNA regulatory network in the control of adipose tissue biology and energy metabolism.
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Kapeli K, Martinez FJ, Yeo GW. Genetic mutations in RNA-binding proteins and their roles in ALS. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1193-1214. [PMID: 28762175 PMCID: PMC5602095 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1830-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes that encode RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as critical determinants of neurological diseases, especially motor neuron disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). RBPs are involved in all aspects of RNA processing, controlling the life cycle of RNAs from synthesis to degradation. Hallmark features of RBPs in neuron dysfunction include misregulation of RNA processing, mislocalization of RBPs to the cytoplasm, and abnormal aggregation of RBPs. Much progress has been made in understanding how ALS-associated mutations in RBPs drive pathogenesis. Here, we focus on several key RBPs involved in ALS—TDP-43, HNRNP A2/B1, HNRNP A1, FUS, EWSR1, and TAF15—and review our current understanding of how mutations in these proteins cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katannya Kapeli
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Fernando J Martinez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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Vargas-Castillo A, Fuentes-Romero R, Rodriguez-Lopez LA, Torres N, Tovar AR. Understanding the Biology of Thermogenic Fat: Is Browning A New Approach to the Treatment of Obesity? Arch Med Res 2017; 48:401-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pradhan RN, Zachara M, Deplancke B. A systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and metabolic activation. Obes Rev 2017; 18 Suppl 1:65-81. [PMID: 28164456 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes regulate energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling. This makes these fat cells attractive therapeutic targets to tackle the burgeoning issue of obesity, which itself is coupled to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Recent research has revealed a complex network underlying brown fat cell differentiation and thermogenic activation, involving secreted factors, signal transduction, metabolic pathways and gene regulatory components. Given that brown fat is now reported to be present in adult humans, it is desirable to harness the knowledge from each network module to design effective therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will present a systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and the subsequent metabolic activation of brown adipocytes by integrating signaling, metabolic and gene regulatory modules with a specific focus on known 'druggable' targets within each module.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Pradhan
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Zachara
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kamemura K, Abe H. The glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species in neuronal cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:165-167. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1230004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although Ewing sarcoma protein (EWS) is known to be glycosylated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the dynamics and stoichiometry of its glycosylation remain obscure. Here, we report a dynamic change in the glycosylation stoichiometry of EWS species during neuronal differentiation of embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. Our findings suggest that O-GlcNAc glycosylation participates in the regulation of EWS functions in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kamemura
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
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Sambeat A, Gulyaeva O, Dempersmier J, Sul HS. Epigenetic Regulation of the Thermogenic Adipose Program. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:19-31. [PMID: 27692461 PMCID: PMC5183481 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to white adipose tissue (WAT), which stores energy in the form of triglycerides, brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy by producing heat to maintain body temperature by burning glucose and fatty acids in a process called adaptive thermogenesis. The presence of an inducible thermogenic adipose tissue, and its beneficial effects for maintaining body weight and glucose and lipid homeostasis, has raised intense interest in understanding the regulation of thermogenesis. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms underlying the thermogenic adipose program may provide excellent targets for therapeutics against obesity and diabetes. Here we review recent research on the role of epigenetics in the thermogenic gene program, focusing on DNA methylation and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sambeat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Olga Gulyaeva
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jon Dempersmier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes expend chemical energy to produce heat and are therefore important in regulating body temperature and body weight. Brown adipocytes develop in discrete and relatively homogenous depots of brown adipose tissue, whereas beige adipocytes are induced to develop in white adipose tissue in response to certain stimuli - notably, exposure to cold. Fate-mapping analyses have identified progenitor populations that give rise to brown and beige fat cells, and have revealed unanticipated cell-lineage relationships between vascular smooth muscle cells and beige adipocytes, and between skeletal muscle cells and brown fat. In addition, non-adipocyte cells in adipose tissue, including neurons, blood vessel-associated cells and immune cells, have crucial roles in regulating the differentiation and function of brown and beige fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Wang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
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47
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Park H, Galbraith R, Turner T, Mehojah J, Azuma M. Loss of Ewing sarcoma EWS allele promotes tumorigenesis by inducing chromosomal instability in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32297. [PMID: 27557633 PMCID: PMC4997631 DOI: 10.1038/srep32297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors expresses aberrant EWSR1- (EWS) fusion genes that are derived from chromosomal translocation. Although these fusion genes are well characterized as transcription factors, their formation leaves a single EWS allele in the sarcoma cells, and the contribution that the loss of EWS makes towards disease pathogenesis is unknown. To address this question, we utilized zebrafish mutants for ewsa and tp53. The zebrafish tp53(M214K)w/m line and the ewsaw/m, zygotic ewsam/m, and Maternal-Zygotic (MZ) ewsam/m lines all displayed zero to low incidence of tumorigenesis. However, when the ewsa and tp53 mutant lines were crossed with each other, the incidence of tumorigenesis drastically increased. Furthermore, 27 hour post fertilization (hpf) MZ ewsam/m mutant embryos displayed a higher incidence of aberrant chromosome numbers and mitotic dysfunction compared to wildtype zebrafish embryos. Consistent with this finding, tumor samples obtained from ewsam/m;tp53w/m zebrafish displayed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for the wildtype tp53 locus. These results suggest that wildtype Ewsa inhibits LOH induction, possibly by maintaining chromosomal stability. We propose that the loss of ewsa promotes tumorigenesis, and EWS deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of EWS-fusion-expressing sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Park
- University of Kansas, Molecular Biosciences, Haworth Rm7031, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence KS 66045, USA
| | - Richard Galbraith
- Lawrence Memorial Hospital, Department of Pathology, 325 Maine St, Lawrence KS 66044, USA
| | - Thaddeus Turner
- Lawrence Memorial Hospital, Department of Pathology, 325 Maine St, Lawrence KS 66044, USA
| | - Justin Mehojah
- University of Kansas, Molecular Biosciences, Haworth Rm7031, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence KS 66045, USA
| | - Mizuki Azuma
- University of Kansas, Molecular Biosciences, Haworth Rm7031, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence KS 66045, USA
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) affect different neuronal cells, and have a variable age of onset, clinical symptoms, and pathological features. Despite the great progress in understanding the etiology of these disorders, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Among the processes affected in neurodegenerative diseases, alteration in RNA metabolism is emerging as a crucial player. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are involved at all stages of RNA metabolism and display a broad range of functions, including modulation of mRNA transcription, splicing, editing, export, stability, translation and localization and miRNA biogenesis, thus enormously impacting regulation of gene expression. On the other hand, aberrant regulation of RBP expression or activity can contribute to disease onset and progression. Recent reports identified mutations causative of neurological disorders in the genes encoding a family of RBPs named FET (FUS/TLS, EWS and TAF15). This review summarizes recent works documenting the involvement of FET proteins in the pathology of ALS, FTLD, essential tremor (ET) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, clinical implications of recent advances in FET research are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Svetoni
- a University of Rome "Foro Italico," , Rome , Italy.,b Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
| | - Paola Frisone
- b Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- a University of Rome "Foro Italico," , Rome , Italy.,b Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
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Inagaki T, Sakai J, Kajimura S. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of brown and beige adipose cell fate and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:480-95. [PMID: 27251423 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
White adipocytes store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, whereas brown and beige adipocytes dissipate energy in the form of heat. This thermogenic function relies on the activation of brown and beige adipocyte-specific gene programmes that are coordinately regulated by adipose-selective chromatin architectures and by a set of unique transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. A number of transcriptional and epigenetic regulators are also required for promoting beige adipocyte biogenesis in response to various environmental stimuli. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the generation and function of brown and beige adipocytes is necessary to allow us to control adipose cell fate and stimulate thermogenesis. This may provide a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and obesity-associated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Inagaki
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 153-8904.,The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-8655
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 153-8904.,The Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 113-8655
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0669, USA
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Kim Y, Kang YS, Lee NY, Kim KY, Hwang YJ, Kim HW, Rhyu IJ, Her S, Jung MK, Kim S, Lee CJ, Ko S, Kowall NW, Lee SB, Lee J, Ryu H. Uvrag targeting by Mir125a and Mir351 modulates autophagy associated with Ewsr1 deficiency. Autophagy 2016; 11:796-811. [PMID: 25946189 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1035503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The EWSR1 (EWS RNA-binding protein 1/Ewing Sarcoma Break Point Region 1) gene encodes a RNA/DNA binding protein that is ubiquitously expressed and involved in various cellular processes. EWSR1 deficiency leads to impairment of development and accelerated senescence but the mechanism is not known. Herein, we found that EWSR1 modulates the Uvrag (UV radiation resistance associated) gene at the post-transcription level. Interestingly, EWSR1 deficiency led to the activation of the DROSHA-mediated microprocessor complex and increased the level of Mir125a and Mir351, which directly target Uvrag. Moreover, the Mir125a- and Mir351-mediated reduction of Uvrag was associated with the inhibition of autophagy that was confirmed in ewsr1 knockout (KO) MEFs and ewsr1 KO mice. Taken together, our data indicate that EWSR1 is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of Uvrag via a miRNA-dependent pathway, resulting in the deregulation of autophagy inhibition. The mechanism of Uvrag and autophagy regulation by EWSR1 provides new insights into the role of EWSR1 deficiency-related cellular dysfunction.
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Key Words
- AGO2, argonaute
- ATG12, autophagy-related 12
- ATG14, autophagy-related 14
- ATG5, autophagy-related 5
- Ant-Mir125a
- Ant-Mir351
- BECN1, Beclin 1
- CNT-Ant, control antagomir
- CQ, chloroquine
- DGCR8, DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8
- EWS, Ewing's Sarcoma
- EWSR1
- EWSR1, EWS RNA-binding protein 1/Ewing Sarcoma Break Point Region 1; Ewsr1+/+
- Ewsr1 homozygous knockout
- Ewsr1 wild type; ewsr1−/−
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein; MAP1LC3/LC3
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast
- Mir125a
- Mir125a-specific antagomir
- Mir351
- Mir351-specific antagomir
- Pep.A, pepstatin A
- RISC, catalytic component 2
- RNA-seq, whole transcriptome sequencing
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- UVRAG
- UVRAG, UV radiation-resistance associated
- autophagy
- miRNA, microRNA
- microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- pri-miRNA, primary transcript miRNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunha Kim
- a Laboratory for Neuronal Gene Regulation and Epigenetics; Center for NeuroMedicine; Korea Institute of Science and Technology ; Seoul , Korea
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