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Sanz-Gómez M, Manzano-Lista FJ, Vega-Martín E, González-Moreno D, Alcalá M, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B, Pizzamiglio C, Ruilope LM, Aránguez I, Kolkhof P, Kreutz R, Fernández-Alfonso MS. Finerenone protects against progression of kidney and cardiovascular damage in a model of type 1 diabetes through modulation of proinflammatory and osteogenic factors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115661. [PMID: 37832406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) finerenone (FIN) improves kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We explored the effect of FIN in a novel model of type 1 diabetic Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rat (D) induced by injection of streptozotocin (15 mg/kg) and additional exposure to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. Oral treatment with FIN (10 mg/kg/day in rat chow) in diabetic animals (D-FIN) was compared to a group of D rats receiving no treatment and a group of non-diabetic untreated MWF rats (C) (n = 7-10 animals per group). After 6 weeks, D and D-FIN exhibited significantly elevated blood glucose levels (271.7 ± 67.1 mg/dl and 266.3 ± 46.8 mg/dl) as compared to C (110.3 ± 4.4 mg/dl; p < 0.05). D showed a 10-fold increase of kidney damage markers Kim-1 and Ngal which was significantly suppressed in D-FIN. Blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial collagen deposition were lower in D-FIN, associated to an improvement in endothelial function due to a reduction in pro-contractile prostaglandins, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNFα and TGFβ) in perivascular and perirenal adipose tissue (PVAT and PRAT, respectively). In addition, FIN restored the imbalance observed in CKD between the procalcifying BMP-2 and the nephroprotective BMP-7 in plasma, kidney, PVAT, and PRAT. Our data show that treatment with FIN improves kidney and vascular damage in a new rat model of DKD with T1D associated with a reduction in inflammation, fibrosis and osteogenic factors independently from changes in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanz-Gómez
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Manzano-Lista
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vega-Martín
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - D González-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28925 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Pizzamiglio
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - L M Ruilope
- Unidad de Hipertensión, Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Aránguez
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - P Kolkhof
- Cardiovascular Precision Medicines, Research & Early Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Kreutz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Germany.
| | - M S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Alvarez-Gallego F, González-Blázquez R, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B, Calderón-Dominguez M, Moratinos J, Garcia-Garcia V, Fernández P, González-Moreno D, Viana M, Alcalá M. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor as a novel activator of brown adipose tissue in obesity. Biofactors 2023; 49:1106-1120. [PMID: 37286331 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) exerts vasorelaxant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In obesity, its activation counterbalances the adverse cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II mediated by the AT1R. Preliminary results indicate that it also promotes brown adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Our hypothesis is that AT2R activation could increase BAT mass and activity in obesity. Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard or a high-fat (HF) diet for 6 weeks. Half of the animals were treated with compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, (1 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water. Electron transport chain (ETC), oxidative phosphorylation, and UCP1 proteins were measured in the interscapular BAT (iBAT) and thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) as well as inflammatory and oxidative parameters. Differentiation and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the presence of C21 was tested in brown preadipocytes. In vitro, C21-differentiated brown adipocytes showed an AT2R-dependent increase of differentiation markers (Ucp1, Cidea, Pparg) and increased basal and H+ leak-linked OCR. In vivo, HF-C21 mice showed increased iBAT mass compared to HF animals. Both their iBAT and tPVAT showed higher protein levels of the ETC protein complexes and UCP1, together with a reduction of inflammatory and oxidative markers. The activation of the AT2R increases BAT mass, mitochondrial activity, and reduces markers of tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in obesity. Therefore, insulin reduction and better vascular responses are achieved. Thus, the activation of the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system arises as a promising tool in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Alvarez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderón-Dominguez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Javier Moratinos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Garcia-Garcia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia., Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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3
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González-Blázquez R, Gil-Ortega M, Alcalá M, González-Moreno D, Viana M, Chowen JA, Sanz-Gómez M, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B. Short-term dietary intervention improves endothelial dysfunction induced by high-fat feeding in mice through upregulation of the AMPK-CREB signaling pathway. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14023. [PMID: 37553856 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM In addition to functioning as an energy sensor switch, AMPK plays a key role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. However, obesity disrupts AMPK signaling, contributing to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to elucidate if a short-term dietary intervention consisting in replacing the high-fat diet with a standard diet for 2 weeks could reverse obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction via AMPK-CREB activation. METHODS For this, 5-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (Chow) or a high-fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. The HF diet was replaced by the chow diet for the last 2 weeks in half of HF mice, generating 3 groups: Chow, HF and HF-Chow. Vascular reactivity and western-blot assays were performed in the thoracic aorta. RESULTS Returning to a chow diet significantly reduced body weight and glucose intolerance. Relaxant responses to acetylcholine and the AMPK activator (AICAR) were significantly impaired in HF mice but improved in HF-Chow mice. The protein levels of AMPKα, p-CREB and antioxidant systems (heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and catalase) were significantly reduced in HF but normalized in HF-Chow mice. CONCLUSION Improving dietary intake by replacing a HF diet with a standard diet improves AMPK-mediated responses due to the upregulation of the AMPK/CREB/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Moreno
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Sanz-Gómez
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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4
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González-Blázquez R, Alcalá M, Cárdenas-Rebollo JM, Viana M, Steckelings UM, Boisvert WA, Unger T, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Gil-Ortega M. AT2R stimulation with C21 prevents arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in the abdominal aorta from mice fed a high-fat diet. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2763-2780. [PMID: 34854902 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, on the prevention of endothelial dysfunction, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and arterial stiffness associated with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard (Chow) or high-fat diet (HF) for 6 weeks. Half of the animals of each group were simultaneously treated with C21 (1 mg/kg/day, in the drinking water), generating four groups: Chow C, Chow C21, HF C, and HF C21. Vascular function and mechanical properties were determined in the abdominal aorta. To evaluate ECM remodeling, collagen deposition and TGF-β1 concentrations were determined in the abdominal aorta and the activity of metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 was analyzed in the plasma. Abdominal aortas from HF C mice showed endothelial dysfunction as well as enhanced contractile but reduced relaxant responses to Ang II. This effect was abrogated with C21 treatment by preserving NO availability. A left-shift in the tension-stretch relationship, paralleled by an augmented β-index (marker of intrinsic arterial stiffness), and enhanced collagen deposition and MMP-2/-9 activities were also detected in HF mice. However, when treated with C21, HF mice exhibited lower TGF-β1 levels in abdominal aortas together with reduced MMP activities and collagen deposition compared with HF C mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that AT2R stimulation by C21 in obesity preserves NO availability and prevents unhealthy vascular remodeling, thus protecting the abdominal aorta in HF mice against the development of endothelial dysfunction, ECM remodeling and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Cárdenas-Rebollo
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada y Estadística. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulrike Muscha Steckelings
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB311, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
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5
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González-Blázquez R, Alcalá M, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Steckelings UM, Lorenzo MP, Viana M, Boisvert WA, Unger T, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B. C21 preserves endothelial function in the thoracic aorta from DIO mice: role for AT2, Mas and B2 receptors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1145-1163. [PMID: 33899912 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compound 21 (C21), a selective agonist of angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), induces vasodilation through NO release. Since AT2R seems to be overexpressed in obesity, we hypothesize that C21 prevents the development of obesity-related vascular alterations. The main goal of the present study was to assess the effect of C21 on thoracic aorta endothelial function in a model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to elucidate the potential cross-talk among AT2R, Mas receptor (MasR) and/or bradykinin type 2 receptor (B2R) in this response. Five-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed a standard (CHOW) or a high-fat diet (HF) for 6 weeks and treated daily with C21 (1 mg/kg p.o) or vehicle, generating four groups: CHOW-C, CHOW-C21, HF-C, HF-C21. Vascular reactivity experiments were performed in thoracic aorta rings. Human endothelial cells (HECs; EA.hy926) were used to elucidate the signaling pathways, both at receptor and intracellular levels. Arteries from HF mice exhibited increased contractions to Ang II than CHOW mice, effect that was prevented by C21. PD123177, A779 and HOE-140 (AT2R, Mas and B2R antagonists) significantly enhanced Ang II-induced contractions in CHOW but not in HF-C rings, suggesting a lack of functionality of those receptors in obesity. C21 prevented those alterations and favored the formation of AT2R/MasR and MasR/B2R heterodimers. HF mice also exhibited impaired relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) due to a reduced NO availability. C21 preserved NO release through PKA/p-eNOS and AKT/p-eNOS signaling pathways. In conclusion, C21 favors the interaction among AT2R, MasR and B2R and prevents the development of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction by stimulating NO release through PKA/p-eNOS and AKT/p-eNOS signaling pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor Cross-Talk
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/therapeutic use
- Vascular Diseases/etiology
- Vascular Diseases/metabolism
- Vascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ulrike Muscha Steckelings
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Paz Lorenzo
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB311, Honolulu, HI 96813, U.S.A
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Str., Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Thomas Unger
- CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid 28925, Spain
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6
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Gutiérrez-Vega S, Armella A, Mennickent D, Loyola M, Covarrubias A, Ortega-Contreras B, Escudero C, Gonzalez M, Alcalá M, Ramos MDP, Viana M, Castro E, Leiva A, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E. High levels of maternal total tri-iodothyronine, and low levels of fetal free L-thyroxine and total tri-iodothyronine, are associated with altered deiodinase expression and activity in placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242743. [PMID: 33232364 PMCID: PMC7685482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized by abnormal maternal D-glucose metabolism and altered insulin signaling. Dysregulation of thyroid hormones (TH) tri-iodethyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) Hormones had been associated with GDM, but the physiopathological meaning of these alterations is still unclear. Maternal TH cross the placenta through TH Transporters and their Deiodinases metabolize them to regulate fetal TH levels. Currently, the metabolism of TH in placentas with GDM is unknown, and there are no other studies that evaluate the fetal TH from pregnancies with GDM. Therefore, we evaluated the levels of maternal TH during pregnancy, and fetal TH at delivery, and the expression and activity of placental deiodinases from GDM pregnancies. Pregnant women were followed through pregnancy until delivery. We collected blood samples during 10-14, 24-28, and 36-40 weeks of gestation for measure Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Free T4 (FT4), Total T4 (TT4), and Total T3 (TT3) concentrations from Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) and GDM mothers. Moreover, we measure fetal TSH, FT4, TT4, and TT3 in total blood cord at the delivery. Also, we measured the placental expression of Deiodinases by RT-PCR, western-blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The activity of Deiodinases was estimated quantified rT3 and T3 using T4 as a substrate. Mothers with GDM showed higher levels of TT3 during all pregnancy, and an increased in TSH during second and third trimester, while lower concentrations of neonatal TT4, FT4, and TT3; and an increased TSH level in umbilical cord blood from GDM. Placentae from GDM mothers have a higher expression and activity of Deiodinase 3, but lower Deiodinase 2, than NGT mothers. In conclusion, GDM favors high levels of TT3 during all gestation in the mother, low levels in TT4, FT4 and TT3 at the delivery in neonates, and increases deiodinase 3, but reduce deiodinase 2 expression and activity in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Gutiérrez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile
| | - Axel Armella
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Mennickent
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marco Loyola
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile
| | - Ambart Covarrubias
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chillán, Chile
| | - Bernel Ortega-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chillán, Chile
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcelo Gonzalez
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chillán, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra, Boadilla Km 5, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Pilar Ramos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra, Boadilla Km 5, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra, Boadilla Km 5, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erica Castro
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Atacama, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chillán, Chile
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7
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González-Blázquez R, Alcalá M, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Villa-Valverde P, Viana M, Gil-Ortega M, Somoza B. Relevance of control diet choice in metabolic studies: impact in glucose homeostasis and vascular function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2902. [PMID: 32076010 PMCID: PMC7031246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental approach for the study of cardiometabolic disorders requires the use of animal models fed with commercial diets whose composition differs notably, even between diets used for control groups. While chow diets are usually made of agricultural by-products, purified low-fat diets (LF) contain a higher percentage of easy metabolizable carbohydrates, together with a reduced amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, micronutrients and fiber, all associated with metabolic and vascular dysfunction. We hypothesize that the LF diet, commonly used in control animals, could promote adverse vascular and metabolic outcomes. To address this issue, 5-week-old male C57BL6J mice were fed with a standard (Chow) or a LF diet for 6 weeks. Changes in body weight, adiposity, biochemical parameters, systemic and aortic insulin sensitivity and endothelial function were recorded. LF diet did not modify body weight but significantly impaired systemic glucose tolerance and increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Endothelial function and aortic insulin sensitivity were significantly impaired in the LF group, due to a reduction of NO availability. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the proper control diet in metabolic studies. It may also suggest that some cardiometabolic alterations obtained in experimental studies using LF as a control diet may be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU. CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Villa-Valverde
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Unidad de Cartografía Cerebral, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU. CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Vega-Martín E, González-Blázquez R, Manzano-Lista FJ, Martín-Ramos M, García-Prieto CF, Viana M, Rubio MA, Calle-Pascual AL, Lionetti L, Somoza B, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Alcalá M, Gil-Ortega M. Impact of caloric restriction on AMPK and endoplasmic reticulum stress in peripheral tissues and circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Zucker rats. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 78:108342. [PMID: 32004927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and a reduction of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation have been described in obesity. We hypothesize that a moderate caloric restriction (CR) might contribute to reducing ER stress and increasing AMPK phosphorylation in peripheral tissues from genetically obese Zucker fa/fa rats and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Zucker Lean and Zucker fa/fa rats were fed with chow diet either ad libitum (AL) (C, as controls) or 80% of AL (CR) for 2 weeks, giving rise to four experimental groups: Lean C, Lean CR, fa/fa C and fa/fa CR. CR significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation in the liver, perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) and PBMCs from fa/fa rats but not in the subcutaneous AT (SCAT), suggesting a reduced response of SCAT to CR. Liver samples of fa/fa rats exhibited an increased mRNA expression of PERK, EIF-2α, XBP-1(s), Chop and caspase 3, which was significantly reduced by CR. PRAT exhibited an overexpression of Edem and PDIA-4 in fa/fa rats, but only PDIA-4 expression was reduced by CR. eIF-2α phosphorylation was significantly increased in all studied tissues from fa/fa rats and reduced by CR. A negative correlation was detected between p-AMPK and p-eIF-2α in the liver, PRAT and PBMCs from fa/fa rats but not in SCAT. This study shows that a moderate CR reduces ER stress and improves AMPK phosphorylation in several peripheral tissues and in circulating PBMCs, suggesting that alterations observed in PBMCs could reflect metabolic alterations associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vega-Martín
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Manzano-Lista
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martín-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción F García-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rubio
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Complutense University, C/ Prof. Martin Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso L Calle-Pascual
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Facultad de Medicina, Complutense University, C/ Prof. Martin Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084, Italy
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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García-Prieto CF, Gil-Ortega M, Plaza A, Manzano-Lista FJ, González-Blázquez R, Alcalá M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez P, Viana M, Aránguez I, Gollasch M, Somoza B, Fernández-Alfonso MS. Caloric restriction induces H 2O 2 formation as a trigger of AMPK-eNOS-NO pathway in obese rats: Role for CAMKII. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 139:35-45. [PMID: 31100477 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) improves endothelial function through the upregulation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is upregulated in yeast subjected to CR. Our aim was to assess if mild short-term CR increases vascular H2O2 formation as a link with AMPK and eNOS activation. Twelve-week old Zucker obese (fa/fa) and control Zucker lean male rats were fed a standard chow either ad libitum (AL, n=10) or with a 20% CR (CR, n=10) for two weeks. CR significantly improved relaxation to ACh in fa/fa rats because of an enhanced endogenous production of H2O2 in aortic rings (H2O2 levels fa/faAL=0.5 ± 0.05 nmol/mg vs. H2O2 levels fa/faCR=0.76 ± 0.07 nmol/mg protein; p<0.05). Expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and total SOD activity were increased in aorta from fa/fa animals after CR. In cultured aortic endothelial cells, serum deprivation or 2-deoxy-d-glucose induced a significant increase in: i) superoxide anion and H2O2 levels, ii) p-AMPK/AMPK and p-eNOS/eNOS expression and iii) nitric oxide levels. This effect was reduced by catalase and strongly inhibited by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CamkII) silencing. In conclusion, we propose that mild short-term CR might be a trigger of mechanisms aimed at protecting the vascular wall by the increase of H2O2, which then activates AMPK and nitric oxide release, thus improving endothelium-dependent relaxation. In addition, we demonstrate that CAMKII plays a key role in mediating CR-induced AMPK activation through H2O2 increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha F García-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de La Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de La Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de La Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Manzano-Lista
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel González-Blázquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de La Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Viana
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Aránguez
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de La Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28925, Madrid, Spain
| | - María S Fernández-Alfonso
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar and Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Alcalá M, Calderon-Dominguez M, Serra D, Herrero L, Viana M. Mechanisms of Impaired Brown Adipose Tissue Recruitment in Obesity. Front Physiol 2019; 10:94. [PMID: 30814954 PMCID: PMC6381290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy to produce heat. Thus, it has the potential to regulate body temperature by thermogenesis. For the last decade, BAT has been in the spotlight due to its rediscovery in adult humans. This is evidenced by over a hundred clinical trials that are currently registered to target BAT as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity or diabetes. The goal of most of these trials is to activate the BAT thermogenic program via several approaches such as adrenergic stimulation, natriuretic peptides, retinoids, capsinoids, thyroid hormones, or glucocorticoids. However, the impact of BAT activation on total body energy consumption and the potential effect on weight loss is still limited. Other studies have focused on increasing the mass of thermogenic BAT. This can be relevant in obesity, where the activity and abundance of BAT have been shown to be drastically reduced. The aim of this review is to describe pathological processes associated with obesity that may influence the correct differentiation of BAT, such as catecholamine resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This will shed light on the thermogenic potential of BAT as a therapeutic approach to target obesity-induced metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Alcalá
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Sevillano J, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Zapatería B, Calderón M, Alcalá M, Limones M, Pita J, Gramage E, Vicente-Rodríguez M, Horrillo D, Medina-Gómez G, Obregón MJ, Viana M, Valladolid-Acebes I, Herradón G, Ramos-Álvarez MP. Pleiotrophin deletion alters glucose homeostasis, energy metabolism and brown fat thermogenic function in mice. Diabetologia 2019; 62:123-135. [PMID: 30327824 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pleiotrophin, a developmentally regulated and highly conserved cytokine, exerts different functions including regulation of cell growth and survival. Here, we hypothesise that this cytokine can play a regulatory role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we performed a longitudinal study characterising the metabolic profile (circulating variables and tissue mRNA expression) of gene-targeted Ptn-deficient female mice and their corresponding wild-type counterparts at different ages from young adulthood (3 months) to older age (15 months). Metabolic cages were used to investigate the respiratory exchange ratio and energy expenditure, at both 24°C and 30°C. Undifferentiated immortalised mouse brown adipocytes (mBAs) were treated with 0.1 μg/ml pleiotrophin until day 6 of differentiation, and markers of mBA differentiation were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Ptn deletion was associated with a reduction in total body fat (20.2% in Ptn+/+ vs 13.9% in Ptn-/- mice) and an enhanced lipolytic response to isoprenaline in isolated adipocytes from 15-month-old mice (189% in Ptn+/+ vs 273% in Ptn-/- mice). We found that Ptn-/- mice exhibited a significantly lower QUICKI value and an altered lipid profile; plasma triacylglycerols and NEFA did not increase with age, as happens in Ptn+/+ mice. Furthermore, the contribution of cold-induced thermogenesis to energy expenditure was greater in Ptn-/- than Ptn+/+ mice (42.6% and 33.6%, respectively). Body temperature and the activity and expression of deiodinase, T3 and mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1 in the brown adipose tissue of Ptn-/- mice were higher than in wild-type controls. Finally, supplementing brown pre-adipocytes with pleiotrophin decreased the expression of the brown adipocyte markers Cidea (20% reduction), Prdm16 (21% reduction), and Pgc1-α (also known as Ppargc1a, 11% reduction). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results reveal for the first time that pleiotrophin is a key player in preserving insulin sensitivity, driving the dynamics of adipose tissue lipid turnover and plasticity, and regulating energy metabolism and thermogenesis. These findings open therapeutic avenues for the treatment of metabolic disorders by targeting pleiotrophin in the crosstalk between white and brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gracia Sánchez-Alonso
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Zapatería
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Calderón
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Limones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jimena Pita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Vicente-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Horrillo
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Obregón
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Valladolid-Acebes
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Calderon‐Dominguez M, Alcalá M, Sebastián D, Zorzano A, Viana M, Serra D, Herrero L. Brown Adipose Tissue Bioenergetics: A New Methodological Approach. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1600274. [PMID: 28435771 PMCID: PMC5396156 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans and its capacity to oxidize fat and dissipate energy as heat has put the spotlight on its potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of several metabolic conditions including obesity and diabetes. To date the measurement of bioenergetics parameters has required the use of cultured cells or extracted mitochondria with the corresponding loss of information in the tissue context. Herein, we present a method to quantify mitochondrial bioenergetics directly in BAT. Based on XF Seahorse Technology, we assessed the appropriate weight of the explants, the exact concentration of each inhibitor in the reaction, and the specific incubation time to optimize bioenergetics measurements. Our results show that BAT basal oxygen consumption is mostly due to proton leak. In addition, BAT presents higher basal oxygen consumption than white adipose tissue and a positive response to b-adrenergic stimulation. Considering the whole tissue and not just subcellular populations is a direct approach that provides a realistic view of physiological respiration. In addition, it can be adapted to analyze the effect of potential activators of thermogenesis, or to assess the use of fatty acids or glucose as a source of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Calderon‐Dominguez
- Department of Biochemistry and PhysiologyInstitut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB)Universitat de BarcelonaE‐08028BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIE‐28029MadridSpain
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad CEU San PabloE‐28668MadridSpain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina MolecularFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaE‐08028BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIE‐28029MadridSpain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina MolecularFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaE‐08028BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIE‐28029MadridSpain
| | - Marta Viana
- Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad CEU San PabloE‐28668MadridSpain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and PhysiologyInstitut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB)Universitat de BarcelonaE‐08028BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIE‐28029MadridSpain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and PhysiologyInstitut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB)Universitat de BarcelonaE‐08028BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIE‐28029MadridSpain
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13
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Alcalá M, Sánchez-Vera I, Sevillano J, Herrero L, Serra D, Ramos MP, Viana M. Vitamin E reduces adipose tissue fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress and improves metabolic profile in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1598-606. [PMID: 26148343 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether enhancing the capability of adipose tissue to store lipids using antioxidant supplementation may prevent the lipotoxic effects and improve the metabolic profile of long-term obesity. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomized into three experimental groups for 28 weeks: control group (n = 10) fed chow diet (10% kcal from fat), obese group (O, n = 12) fed high-fat (HF) diet (45% kcal from fat), and obese group fed HF diet and supplemented twice a week with 150 mg of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) by oral gavage (OE, n = 12). RESULTS HF diet resulted in an obese phenotype with a marked insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis in O mice. Histological analysis of obese visceral adipose tissue (VAT) revealed smaller adipocytes surrounded by a fibrotic extracellular matrix and an increased macrophage infiltration, with the consequent release of proinflammatory cytokines. Vitamin E supplementation decreased oxidative stress and reduced collagen deposition in the VAT of OE mice, allowing a further expansion of the adipocytes and increasing the storage capability. As a result, circulating cytokines were reduced and hepatic steasosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin sensitivity were improved. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that oxidative stress is implicated in extracellular matrix remodeling and may play an important role in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Alcalá
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez-Vera
- Department of Basic Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat De Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat De Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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Kairis O, Kosmas C, Karavitis C, Ritsema C, Salvati L, Acikalin S, Alcalá M, Alfama P, Atlhopheng J, Barrera J, Belgacem A, Solé-Benet A, Brito J, Chaker M, Chanda R, Coelho C, Darkoh M, Diamantis I, Ermolaeva O, Fassouli V, Fei W, Feng J, Fernandez F, Ferreira A, Gokceoglu C, Gonzalez D, Gungor H, Hessel R, Juying J, Khatteli H, Khitrov N, Kounalaki A, Laouina A, Lollino P, Lopes M, Magole L, Medina L, Mendoza M, Morais P, Mulale K, Ocakoglu F, Ouessar M, Ovalle C, Perez C, Perkins J, Pliakas F, Polemio M, Pozo A, Prat C, Qinke Y, Ramos A, Ramos J, Riquelme J, Romanenkov V, Rui L, Santaloia F, Sebego R, Sghaier M, Silva N, Sizemskaya M, Soares J, Sonmez H, Taamallah H, Tezcan L, Torri D, Ungaro F, Valente S, de Vente J, Zagal E, Zeiliguer A, Zhonging W, Ziogas A. Evaluation and selection of indicators for land degradation and desertification monitoring: types of degradation, causes, and implications for management. Environ Manage 2014; 54:971-82. [PMID: 23811772 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-013-0110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Indicator-based approaches are often used to monitor land degradation and desertification from the global to the very local scale. However, there is still little agreement on which indicators may best reflect both status and trends of these phenomena. In this study, various processes of land degradation and desertification have been analyzed in 17 study sites around the world using a wide set of biophysical and socioeconomic indicators. The database described earlier in this issue by Kosmas and others (Environ Manage, 2013) for defining desertification risk was further analyzed to define the most important indicators related to the following degradation processes: water erosion in various land uses, tillage erosion, soil salinization, water stress, forest fires, and overgrazing. A correlation analysis was applied to the selected indicators in order to identify the most important variables contributing to each land degradation process. The analysis indicates that the most important indicators are: (i) rain seasonality affecting water erosion, water stress, and forest fires, (ii) slope gradient affecting water erosion, tillage erosion and water stress, and (iii) water scarcity soil salinization, water stress, and forest fires. Implementation of existing regulations or policies concerned with resources development and environmental sustainability was identified as the most important indicator of land protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Kairis
- Laboratory of Soils, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens, 11855, Greece
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Lopez Campos F, Ferri M, Domingo Boluda C, Alcalá M, Guillot Valls M. A retrospective study of the tolerance of induction chemotherapy with TPF followed by radiotherapy with concomitant cetuximab. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2013.03.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ibáñez A, Alcalá M, García J, Puche E. [Drug-drug interactions in patients from an internal medicine service]. Farm Hosp 2008; 32:293-297. [PMID: 19150046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug interactions are the cause of serious adverse reactions, the incidence and morbi-mortality of which are not yet well established. The aim of this study is to carry out an initial estimate of drug interactions in an internal medicine service and to look at any factors associated with their appearance. METHOD A prospective study was carried out with 120 patients randomly selected from a total of 376 patients admitted to an internal medicine service over a period of three months (February-April 2007). A protocol was designed on an ad-hoc basis to record the interactions. RESULTS It was observed that 43% of the patients had at least one potential adverse drug interaction and 14% showed associated adverse interactions. The drug with the highest implications in pharmacokinetic interactions was omeprazole when prescribed with acenocoumarol, phenytoin and digoxin. The most significant pharmacodynamic interactions were with associations between NSAID and saluretic-diuretics, insulin and beta-blockers, and aspirin and prednisone. The number of interactions did relate to the number of prescriptions (p < .001), however this was not the case for gender, age and co-morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Drug interaction is a serious clinical problem which requires the availability of more in depth information and medical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ibáñez
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio. Granada. España
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Blanco M, Alcalá M, Bautista M. Pharmaceutical gel analysis by NIR spectroscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 33:409-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
A new methodology for constructing calibration sets based on the use of laboratory samples encompassing the same variability sources as production samples was developed. The proposed methodology requires the use of no reference method in order to obtain reference values for the analyte; also, it provides more simple and robust calibration models than does the conventional methodology while retaining its predictive capacity. The procedure involves subjecting a set of laboratory samples spanning the desired API concentration range to a granulation treatment similar to that of the industrial process in order to obtain samples with the same physical variability as the production samples. The laboratory samples thus obtained are used to develop partial least squares (PLS1) calibration models in order to quantify the API in a pharmaceutical granulate. Based on the results obtained in this work, NIR spectroscopy is an effective alternative to the reference methods currently used for calibration. The proposed methodology requires no reference values to construct models; therefore, it can be regarded as an absolute analytical method. Also, it confirms the advantages of NIR spectroscopy as part of the process analytical technology (PAT) used by the pharmaceutical industry. A second aim has been the use of the multiplicative curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm to examine potential polymorphic transformations of the API during granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blanco
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Blanco M, Alcalá M. Simultaneous quantitation of five active principles in a pharmaceutical preparation: Development and validation of a near infrared spectroscopic method. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006; 27:280-6. [PMID: 16359847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2005.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A near infrared spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of the active principles paracetamol, ascorbic acid, dextrometorphan hydrobromide, caffeine and chlorpheniramine maleate in a pharmaceutical preparation was developed. The five active principles are quantified using a partial least-squares regression method (PLS1). The proposed method is applicable over a wide analyte concentration range (0.04-6.50 wt.%), so it requires careful selection of the calibration set. Also, there is the difficulty of ensuring thorough homogenization of the product. The method was validated in accordance with the ICH standard and the EMEA validation guidelines for NIR spectroscopy by determining its selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Based on the results, it is an effective alternative to existing choices (HPLC and redox titrimetry) for the same purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blanco
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Unity, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Krötzsch E, Barile-Fabris L, Alcalá M, Espinosa-Morales R. Subcutaneous administration of collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone down regulates IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in scleroderma skin lesions. Clin Exp Dermatol 2005; 30:83-6. [PMID: 15663512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study the effect of collagen-polyvinylpyrrolidone (collagen-PVP) vs. triamcinolone acetonide (Triam) in scleroderma (SSc) skin lesions was evaluated. Ten SSc patients were treated weekly with subcutaneous injections of 0.2 mL Triam (8 mg/mL) or 0.2 mL collagen-PVP (1.66 mg collagen). Skin biopsies were obtained from lesions before and after treatment. Tissue sections were evaluated by histology and immunohistochemistry (ELAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1 and PDGF). The corticoid-treated group showed abnormal tissue architecture while the biodrug-treatment restored cutaneous appendages and type I/III collagen proportion. Cytokine and adhesion molecule expression was almost inhibited with Triam, while collagen-PVP down-regulated it. Collagen-PVP improved the tissue architecture of SSc lesions and down-regulated some proinflammatory parameters, without the side effects induced by corticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Immunology and Rheumatology, Mexico.
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Chen G, Lean JT, Alcalá M, Mallouk TE. Modular synthesis of pi-acceptor cyclophanes derived from 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide and 1,5-dinitronaphthalene. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3027-34. [PMID: 11325267 DOI: 10.1021/jo991054y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three neutral cyclophanes were synthesized, and their association with indole, an aromatic pi-donor, was studied. The cyclophanes were designed to contain a rigid, hydrophobic binding cavity with 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide or 1,5-dinitronaphthalene as the pi-acceptor. Two of the cyclophanes also contain a (S)-(valine-leucine-alanine) tripeptide unit to provide chiral hydrogen bonding interactions with guest molecules. Despite the fact that these cyclophanes contain a hydrophobic binding cavity of appropriate dimensions, their association with indole is very weak. In the case of cyclophanes derived from 1,5-dinitronaphthalene, steric interactions force the nitro groups out of the plane of the naphthalene ring, diminishing their effectiveness as pi-acceptors. A simple UV--visible titrimetric method, using N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (TMPD) as a pi-donor, was used to rank the pi-acceptor strength of these and other aromatic units. These titrations show that 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide and 1,5-dinitronaphthalene derivatives are weaker pi-acceptors than viologens, which make good pi-acceptor cyclophanes. Methyl viologen is in turn a weaker pi-acceptor than anthaquinone disulfonate, suggesting that the latter may serve as a useful building block for pi-accepting cyclophane hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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