1
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Kazansky Y, Cameron D, Mueller HS, Demarest P, Zaffaroni N, Arrighetti N, Zuco V, Kuwahara Y, Somwar R, Ladanyi M, Qu R, de Stanchina E, Dela Cruz FS, Kung AL, Gounder MM, Kentsis A. Overcoming Clinical Resistance to EZH2 Inhibition Using Rational Epigenetic Combination Therapy. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:965-981. [PMID: 38315003 PMCID: PMC11147720 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic dependencies have become evident in many cancers. On the basis of antagonism between BAF/SWI-SNF and PRC2 in SMARCB1-deficient sarcomas, we recently completed the clinical trial of the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat. However, the principles of tumor response to epigenetic therapy in general, and tazemetostat in particular, remain unknown. Using functional genomics and diverse experimental models, we define molecular mechanisms of tazemetostat resistance in SMARCB1-deficient tumors. We found distinct acquired mutations that converge on the RB1/E2F axis and decouple EZH2-dependent differentiation and cell-cycle control. This allows tumor cells to escape tazemetostat-induced G1 arrest, suggests a general mechanism for effective therapy, and provides prospective biomarkers for therapy stratification, including PRICKLE1. On the basis of this, we develop a combination strategy to circumvent tazemetostat resistance using bypass targeting of AURKB. This offers a paradigm for rational epigenetic combination therapy suitable for translation to clinical trials for epithelioid sarcomas, rhabdoid tumors, and other epigenetically dysregulated cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Genomic studies of patient epithelioid sarcomas and rhabdoid tumors identify mutations converging on a common pathway for response to EZH2 inhibition. Resistance mutations decouple drug-induced differentiation from cell-cycle control. We identify an epigenetic combination strategy to overcome resistance and improve durability of response, supporting its investigation in clinical trials. See related commentary by Paolini and Souroullas, p. 903. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Kazansky
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Cameron
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Helen S Mueller
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Phillip Demarest
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuco
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Yasumichi Kuwahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rui Qu
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Filemon S Dela Cruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mrinal M Gounder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology & Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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2
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Iliaki S, Kreike M, Ferreras Moreno N, De Meyer F, Aidarova A, Braun H, Libert C, Afonina IS, Beyaert R. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a novel CARD14-binding protein in keratinocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116316. [PMID: 38797267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing protein 14 (CARD14) is an intracellular protein that mediates nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) signaling and proinflammatory gene expression in skin keratinocytes. Several hyperactivating CARD14 mutations have been associated with psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases. CARD14-induced NF-ĸB signaling is dependent on the formation of a CARD14-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signaling complex, but upstream receptors and molecular mechanisms that activate and regulate CARD14 signaling are still largely unclear. Using unbiased affinity purification and mass spectrometry (AP-MS) screening, we discover polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a novel CARD14-binding protein. CARD14-PLK1 binding is independent of the CARD14 CARD domain but involves a consensus phospho-dependent PLK1-binding motif in the CARD14 linker region (LR). Expression of the psoriasis-associated CARD14(E138A) variant in human keratinocytes induces the recruitment of PLK1 to CARD14-containing signalosomes in interphase cells, but does not affect the specific location of PLK1 in mitotic cells. Finally, disruption of the PLK1-binding motif in CARD14(E138A) increases CARD14-induced proinflammatory signaling and gene expression. Together, our data identify PLK1 as a novel CARD14-binding protein and indicate a negative regulatory role for PLK1 in CARD14 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Iliaki
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marja Kreike
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Natalia Ferreras Moreno
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Mouse Genetics and Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Femke De Meyer
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aigerim Aidarova
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harald Braun
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Mouse Genetics and Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inna S Afonina
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Kazansky Y, Cameron D, Mueller HS, Demarest P, Zaffaroni N, Arrighetti N, Zuco V, Kuwahara Y, Somwar R, Ladanyi M, Qu R, De Stanchina E, Dela Cruz FS, Kung AL, Gounder M, Kentsis A. Overcoming clinical resistance to EZH2 inhibition using rational epigenetic combination therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.06.527192. [PMID: 36798379 PMCID: PMC9934575 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.527192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Essential epigenetic dependencies have become evident in many cancers. Based on the functional antagonism between BAF/SWI/SNF and PRC2 in SMARCB1-deficient sarcomas, we and colleagues recently completed the clinical trial of the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat. However, the principles of tumor response to epigenetic therapy in general, and tazemetostat in particular, remain unknown. Using functional genomics of patient tumors and diverse experimental models, we sought to define molecular mechanisms of tazemetostat resistance in SMARCB1-deficient sarcomas and rhabdoid tumors. We found distinct classes of acquired mutations that converge on the RB1/E2F axis and decouple EZH2-dependent differentiation and cell cycle control. This allows tumor cells to escape tazemetostat-induced G1 arrest despite EZH2 inhibition, and suggests a general mechanism for effective EZH2 therapy. This also enables us to develop combination strategies to circumvent tazemetostat resistance using cell cycle bypass targeting via AURKB, and synthetic lethal targeting of PGBD5-dependent DNA damage repair via ATR. This reveals prospective biomarkers for therapy stratification, including PRICKLE1 associated with tazemetostat resistance. In all, this work offers a paradigm for rational epigenetic combination therapy suitable for immediate translation to clinical trials for epithelioid sarcomas, rhabdoid tumors, and other epigenetically dysregulated cancers.
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4
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Cota CD. Investigating cellular dynamics in tunicates. Genesis 2023; 61:e23574. [PMID: 37984368 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
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5
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Basta LP, Hill-Oliva M, Paramore SV, Sharan R, Goh A, Biswas A, Cortez M, Little KA, Posfai E, Devenport D. New mouse models for high resolution and live imaging of planar cell polarity proteins in vivo. Development 2021; 148:271988. [PMID: 34463728 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The collective polarization of cellular structures and behaviors across a tissue plane is a near universal feature of epithelia known as planar cell polarity (PCP). This property is controlled by the core PCP pathway, which consists of highly conserved membrane-associated protein complexes that localize asymmetrically at cell junctions. Here, we introduce three new mouse models for investigating the localization and dynamics of transmembrane PCP proteins: Celsr1, Fz6 and Vangl2. Using the skin epidermis as a model, we characterize and verify the expression, localization and function of endogenously tagged Celsr1-3xGFP, Fz6-3xGFP and tdTomato-Vangl2 fusion proteins. Live imaging of Fz6-3xGFP in basal epidermal progenitors reveals that the polarity of the tissue is not fixed through time. Rather, asymmetry dynamically shifts during cell rearrangements and divisions, while global, average polarity of the tissue is preserved. We show using super-resolution STED imaging that Fz6-3xGFP and tdTomato-Vangl2 can be resolved, enabling us to observe their complex localization along junctions. We further explore PCP fusion protein localization in the trachea and neural tube, and discover new patterns of PCP expression and localization throughout the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena P Basta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Michael Hill-Oliva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032USA
| | - Sarah V Paramore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Audrey Goh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Abhishek Biswas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA.,Research Computing, Office of Information Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Marvin Cortez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Katherine A Little
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Eszter Posfai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544USA
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6
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Molecular mechanisms mediating asymmetric subcellular localisation of the core planar polarity pathway proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1297-1308. [PMID: 32820799 PMCID: PMC7458395 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Planar polarity refers to cellular polarity in an orthogonal plane to apicobasal polarity, and is seen across scales from molecular distributions of proteins to tissue patterning. In many contexts it is regulated by the evolutionarily conserved ‘core' planar polarity pathway that is essential for normal organismal development. Core planar polarity pathway components form asymmetric intercellular complexes that communicate polarity between neighbouring cells and direct polarised cell behaviours and the formation of polarised structures. The core planar polarity pathway consists of six structurally different proteins. In the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, where the pathway is best characterised, an intercellular homodimer of the seven-pass transmembrane protein Flamingo interacts on one side of the cell junction with the seven-pass transmembrane protein Frizzled, and on the other side with the four-pass transmembrane protein Strabismus. The cytoplasmic proteins Diego and Dishevelled are co-localised with Frizzled, and Prickle co-localises with Strabismus. Between these six components there are myriad possible molecular interactions, which could stabilise or destabilise the intercellular complexes and lead to their sorting into polarised distributions within cells. Post-translational modifications are key regulators of molecular interactions between proteins. Several post-translational modifications of core proteins have been reported to be of functional significance, in particular phosphorylation and ubiquitination. In this review, we discuss the molecular control of planar polarity and the molecular ecology of the core planar polarity intercellular complexes. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of understanding the spatial control of post-translational modifications in the establishment of planar polarity.
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7
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Papakrivopoulou E, Jafree DJ, Dean CH, Long DA. The Biological Significance and Implications of Planar Cell Polarity for Nephrology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:599529. [PMID: 33716764 PMCID: PMC7952641 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.599529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The orientation of cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space underpins how the kidney develops and responds to disease. The process by which cells orientate themselves within the plane of a tissue is termed planar cell polarity. In this Review, we discuss how planar cell polarity and the proteins that underpin it govern kidney organogenesis and pathology. The importance of planar cell polarity and its constituent proteins in multiple facets of kidney development is emphasised, including ureteric bud branching, tubular morphogenesis and nephron maturation. An overview is given of the relevance of planar cell polarity and its proteins for inherited human renal diseases, including congenital malformations with unknown aetiology and polycystic kidney disease. Finally, recent work is described outlining the influence of planar cell polarity proteins on glomerular diseases and highlight how this fundamental pathway could yield a new treatment paradigm for nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Papakrivopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Clinique Saint Jean, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniyal J Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,UCL MB/Ph.D. Programme, Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Kim AJ, Griffin EE. PLK-1 Regulation of Asymmetric Cell Division in the Early C. elegans Embryo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:632253. [PMID: 33553173 PMCID: PMC7859328 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.632253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PLK1 is a conserved mitotic kinase that is essential for the entry into and progression through mitosis. In addition to its canonical mitotic functions, recent studies have characterized a critical role for PLK-1 in regulating the polarization and asymmetric division of the one-cell C. elegans embryo. Prior to cell division, PLK-1 regulates both the polarization of the PAR proteins at the cell cortex and the segregation of cell fate determinants in the cytoplasm. Following cell division, PLK-1 is preferentially inherited to one daughter cell where it acts to regulate the timing of centrosome separation and cell division. PLK1 also regulates cell polarity in asymmetrically dividing Drosophila neuroblasts and during mammalian planar cell polarity, suggesting it may act broadly to connect cell polarity and cell cycle mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia J Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Erik E Griffin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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9
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Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 and Aurora Kinase choreograph mitotic storage and redistribution of a growth factor receptor. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001029. [PMID: 33395410 PMCID: PMC7808676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking of receptors and associated proteins plays a critical role in signal processing. Until recently, it was thought that trafficking was shut down during cell division. Thus, remarkably, the regulation of trafficking during division remains poorly characterized. Here we delineate the role of mitotic kinases in receptor trafficking during asymmetric division. Targeted perturbations reveal that Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) and Aurora Kinase promote storage of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) by suppressing endosomal degradation and recycling pathways. As cells progress through metaphase, loss of CDK1 activity permits differential degradation and targeted recycling of stored receptors, leading to asymmetric induction. Mitotic receptor storage, as delineated in this study, may facilitate rapid reestablishment of signaling competence in nascent daughter cells. However, mutations that limit or enhance the release of stored signaling components could alter daughter cell fate or behavior thereby promoting oncogenesis. This study provides fundamental insights into the crosstalk between cell division and signaling, with implications for cancer. High-resolution in vivo analysis reveals that dividing cells sequester signal receptor proteins into internal compartments; stored receptors are then redistributed as cells complete division.
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10
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Wang J, Feng D, Gao B. An Overview of Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting WNT/PCP Signaling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:175-213. [PMID: 34463852 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the proto-oncogene Wnt1 (Int1) in 1982, WNT signaling has been identified as one of the most important pathways that regulates a wide range of fundamental developmental and physiological processes in multicellular organisms. The canonical WNT signaling pathway depends on the stabilization and translocation of β-catenin and plays important roles in development and homeostasis. The WNT/planar cell polarity (WNT/PCP) signaling, also known as one of the β-catenin-independent WNT pathways, conveys directional information to coordinate polarized cell behaviors. Similar to WNT/β-catenin signaling, disruption or aberrant activation of WNT/PCP signaling also underlies a variety of developmental defects and cancers. However, the pharmacological targeting of WNT/PCP signaling for therapeutic purposes remains largely unexplored. In this review, we briefly discuss WNT/PCP signaling in development and disease and summarize the known drugs/inhibitors targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Di Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Quadri R, Sertic S, Muzi-Falconi M. gRASping Depolarization: Contribution of RAS GTPases to Mitotic Polarity Clusters Resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:589993. [PMID: 33178703 PMCID: PMC7593642 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Quadri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Sertic
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Muzi-Falconi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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12
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Dengjel J, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Nyström A. Skin proteomics - analysis of the extracellular matrix in health and disease. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:377-391. [PMID: 32552150 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1773261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The skin protects the human body from external insults and regulates water and temperature homeostasis. A highly developed extracellular matrix (ECM) supports the skin and instructs its cell functions. Reduced functionality of the ECM is often associated with skin diseases that cause physical impairment and also have implications on social interactions and quality of life of affected individuals. AREAS COVERED With a focus on the skin ECM we discuss how mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approaches first contributed to establishing skin protein inventories and then facilitated elucidation of molecular functions and disease mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION MS-based proteomic approaches have significantly contributed to our understanding of skin pathophysiology, but also revealed the challenges in assessing the skin ECM. The numerous posttranslational modifications of ECM proteins, like glycosylation, crosslinking, oxidation, and proteolytic maturation in disease settings can be difficult to tackle and remain understudied. Increased ease of handling of LC-MS/MS systems and automated/streamlined data analysis pipelines together with the accompanying increased usage of LC-MS/MS approaches will ensure that in the coming years MS-based proteomic approaches will continue to play a vital part in skin disease research. They will facilitate the elucidation of molecular disease mechanisms and, ultimately, identification of new druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg , Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg , Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Germany
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg , Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Germany
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13
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Doerr S, Ragkousi K. Cell polarity oscillations in mitotic epithelia. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:47-53. [PMID: 31465986 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial organization and function depend on coordinated cell polarity. In developing tissues, proliferative epithelia maintain whole tissue polarity as individual cells undergo symmetric divisions. However, recent work has shown that cells in diverse epithelia remodel their polarity in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Here, we discuss the different mechanisms that drive mitotic polarity oscillations and their implications for tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Doerr
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, United States; Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, United States
| | - Katerina Ragkousi
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, United States; Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, United States.
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14
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Bhattarai SR, Begum S, Popow R, Ezratty EJ. The ciliary GTPase Arl3 maintains tissue architecture by directing planar spindle orientation during epidermal morphogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.161885. [PMID: 30952667 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arl/ARF GTPases regulate ciliary trafficking, but their tissue-specific functions are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ciliary GTPase Arl3 is required for mitotic spindle orientation of mouse basal stem cells during skin development. Arl3 loss diminished cell divisions within the plane of the epithelium, leading to increased perpendicular divisions, expansion of progenitor cells and loss of epithelial integrity. These observations suggest that an Arl3-dependent mechanism maintains cell division polarity along the tissue axis, and disruption of planar spindle orientation has detrimental consequences for epidermal architecture. Defects in planar cell polarity (PCP) can disrupt spindle positioning during tissue morphogenesis. Upon Arl3 loss, the PCP signaling molecules Celsr1 and Vangl2 failed to maintain planar polarized distributions, resulting in defective hair follicle angling, a hallmark of disrupted PCP. In the absence of Celsr1 polarity, frizzled 6 lost its asymmetrical distribution and abnormally segregated to the apical cortex of basal cells. We propose that Arl3 regulates polarized endosomal trafficking of PCP components to compartmentalized membrane domains. Cell-cell communication via ciliary GTPase signaling directs mitotic spindle orientation and PCP signaling, processes that are crucial for the maintenance of epithelial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samip R Bhattarai
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Salma Begum
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel Popow
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ellen J Ezratty
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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15
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Wee P, Wang Z. Regulation of EGFR Endocytosis by CBL During Mitosis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120257. [PMID: 30544639 PMCID: PMC6315415 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The overactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is implicated in various cancers. Endocytosis plays an important role in EGFR-mediated cell signaling. We previously found that EGFR endocytosis during mitosis is mediated differently from interphase. While the regulation of EGFR endocytosis in interphase is well understood, little is known regarding the regulation of EGFR endocytosis during mitosis. Here, we found that contrary to interphase cells, mitotic EGFR endocytosis is more reliant on the activation of the E3 ligase CBL. By transfecting HeLa, MCF-7, and 293T cells with CBL siRNA or dominant-negative 70z-CBL, we found that at high EGF doses, CBL is required for EGFR endocytosis in mitotic cells, but not in interphase cells. In addition, the endocytosis of mutant EGFR Y1045F-YFP (mutation at the direct CBL binding site) is strongly delayed. The endocytosis of truncated EGFR Δ1044-YFP that does not bind to CBL is completely inhibited in mitosis. Moreover, EGF induces stronger ubiquitination of mitotic EGFR than interphase EGFR, and mitotic EGFR is trafficked to lysosomes for degradation. Furthermore, we showed that, different from interphase, low doses of EGF still stimulate EGFR endocytosis by non-clathrin mediated endocytosis (NCE) in mitosis. Contrary to interphase, CBL and the CBL-binding regions of EGFR are required for mitotic EGFR endocytosis at low doses. This is due to the mitotic ubiquitination of the EGFR even at low EGF doses. We conclude that mitotic EGFR endocytosis exclusively proceeds through CBL-mediated NCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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16
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Hinze C, Boucrot E. Endocytosis in proliferating, quiescent and terminally differentiated cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/23/jcs216804. [PMID: 30504135 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis mediates nutrient uptake, receptor internalization and the regulation of cell signaling. It is also hijacked by many bacteria, viruses and toxins to mediate their cellular entry. Several endocytic routes exist in parallel, fulfilling different functions. Most studies on endocytosis have used transformed cells in culture. However, as the majority of cells in an adult body have exited the cell cycle, our understanding is biased towards proliferating cells. Here, we review the evidence for the different pathways of endocytosis not only in dividing, but also in quiescent, senescent and terminally differentiated cells. During mitosis, residual endocytosis is dedicated to the internalization of caveolae and specific receptors. In non-dividing cells, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) functions, but the activity of alternative processes, such as caveolae, macropinocytosis and clathrin-independent routes, vary widely depending on cell types and functions. Endocytosis supports the quiescent state by either upregulating cell cycle arrest pathways or downregulating mitogen-induced signaling, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. Endocytosis in terminally differentiated cells, such as skeletal muscles, adipocytes, kidney podocytes and neurons, supports tissue-specific functions. Finally, uptake is downregulated in senescent cells, making them insensitive to proliferative stimuli by growth factors. Future studies should reveal the molecular basis for the differences in activities between the different cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hinze
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK .,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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17
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Ragkousi K, Gibson MC. Epithelial integrity and cell division: Concerted cell cycle control. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:399-400. [PMID: 28933683 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1372551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Gibson
- a Stowers Institute for Medical Research , Kansas City , MO , USA.,b Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology , The University of Kansas School of Medicine , Kansas City , MO , USA
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18
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Heck BW, Devenport D. Trans-endocytosis of Planar Cell Polarity Complexes during Cell Division. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3725-3733.e4. [PMID: 29174888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To coordinate epithelial architecture with proliferation, cell polarity proteins undergo extensive remodeling during cell division [1-3]. A dramatic example of polarity remodeling occurs in proliferative basal cells of mammalian epidermis whereupon cell division, transmembrane planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins are removed from the cell surface via bulk endocytosis [4]. PCP proteins form intercellular complexes, linked by Celsr1-mediated homophilic adhesion, that coordinate polarity non-autonomously between cells [5, 6]. Thus, the mitotic reorganization of PCP proteins must alter not only proteins intrinsic to the dividing cell but also their interacting partners on neighboring cells. Here, we show that intercellular Celsr1 complexes that connect dividing cells with their neighbors remain intact during mitotic internalization, resulting in an uptake of Celsr1 protein from interphase neighbors. Trans-internalized Celsr1 carries with it additional core PCP proteins, including the posteriorly enriched Fz6 and anteriorly enriched Vangl2. Cadherin-mediated homophilic adhesion is necessary for trans-endocytosis, and adhesive junctional PCP complexes appear to be destined for degradation upon internalization. Surprisingly, whereas Fz6 and Vangl2 both internalize in trans, Vangl2 proteins intrinsic to the dividing cell remain associated with the plasma membrane. Persistent Vangl2 stabilizes Celsr1 and impedes its internalization, suggesting that dissociation of Vangl2 from Celsr1 is a prerequisite for Celsr1 endocytosis. These results demonstrate an unexpected transfer of PCP complexes between neighbors and suggest that the Vangl2 population that persists at the membrane during cell division could serve as an internal cue for establishing PCP in new daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Heck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 119 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 119 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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19
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Oozeer F, Yates LL, Dean C, Formstone CJ. A role for core planar polarity proteins in cell contact-mediated orientation of planar cell division across the mammalian embryonic skin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1880. [PMID: 28500339 PMCID: PMC5431842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of how cell division orientation is determined is fundamentally important for understanding tissue and organ shape in both healthy or disease conditions. Here we provide evidence for cell contact-dependent orientation of planar cell division in the mammalian embryonic skin. We propose a model where the core planar polarity proteins Celsr1 and Frizzled-6 (Fz6) communicate the long axis orientation of interphase basal cells to neighbouring basal mitoses so that they align their horizontal division plane along the same axis. The underlying mechanism requires a direct, cell surface, planar polarised cue, which we posit depends upon variant post-translational forms of Celsr1 protein coupled to Fz6. Our hypothesis has parallels with contact-mediated division orientation in early C. elegans embryos suggesting functional conservation between the adhesion-GPCRs Celsr1 and Latrophilin-1. We propose that linking planar cell division plane with interphase neighbour long axis geometry reinforces axial bias in skin spreading around the mouse embryo body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Oozeer
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunts House, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Laura L Yates
- MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Charlotte Dean
- MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Caroline J Formstone
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunts House, Kings College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
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20
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Jussila M, Ciruna B. Zebrafish models of non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling: fishing for valuable insight into vertebrate polarized cell behavior. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 6. [PMID: 28304136 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) coordinates the uniform orientation, structure and movement of cells within the plane of a tissue or organ system. It is beautifully illustrated in the polarized arrangement of bristles and hairs that project from specialized cell surfaces of the insect abdomen and wings, and pioneering genetic studies using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have defined a core signalling network underlying PCP. This core PCP/non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved, and studies in zebrafish have helped transform our understanding of PCP from a peculiarity of polarized epithelia to a more universal cellular property that orchestrates a diverse suite of polarized cell behaviors that are required for normal vertebrate development. Furthermore, application of powerful genetics, embryonic cell-transplantation, and live-imaging capabilities afforded by the zebrafish model have yielded novel insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP, over the course of complex and dynamic morphogenetic events like gastrulation and neural tube morphogenesis. Although key questions regarding vertebrate PCP remain, with the emergence of new genome-editing technologies and the promise of endogenous labeling and Cre/LoxP conditional targeting strategies, zebrafish remains poised to deliver fundamental new insights into the function and molecular dynamic regulation of PCP signalling from embryonic development through to late-onset phenotypes and adult disease states. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e267. doi: 10.1002/wdev.267 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jussila
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Ciruna
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Butler MT, Wallingford JB. Planar cell polarity in development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:375-388. [PMID: 28293032 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is an essential feature of animal tissues, whereby distinct polarity is established within the plane of a cell sheet. Tissue-wide establishment of PCP is driven by multiple global cues, including gradients of gene expression, gradients of secreted WNT ligands and anisotropic tissue strain. These cues guide the dynamic, subcellular enrichment of PCP proteins, which can self-assemble into mutually exclusive complexes at opposite sides of a cell. Endocytosis, endosomal trafficking and degradation dynamics of PCP components further regulate planar tissue patterning. This polarization propagates throughout the whole tissue, providing a polarity axis that governs collective morphogenetic events such as the orientation of subcellular structures and cell rearrangements. Reflecting the necessity of polarized cellular behaviours for proper development and function of diverse organs, defects in PCP have been implicated in human pathologies, most notably in severe birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Butler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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22
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Olziersky AM, Labidi-Galy SI. Clinical Development of Anti-mitotic Drugs in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:125-152. [PMID: 28600785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis is one of the most fundamental processes of life by which a mammalian cell divides into two daughter cells. Mitosis has been an attractive target for anticancer therapies since fast proliferation was identified as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Despite efforts into developing specific inhibitors for mitotic kinases and kinesins, very few drugs have shown the efficiency of microtubule targeting-agents in cancer cells with paclitaxel being the most successful. A deeper translational research accompanying clinical trials of anti-mitotic drugs will help in identifying potent biomarkers predictive for response. Here, we review the current knowledge of mitosis targeting agents that have been tested so far in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Olziersky
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Intidhar Labidi-Galy
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland.
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23
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Luxenburg C, Geiger B. Multiscale View of Cytoskeletal Mechanoregulation of Cell and Tissue Polarity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 235:263-284. [PMID: 27807694 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to generate, maintain, and repair tissues with complex architecture, in which distinct cells function as coherent units, relies on polarity cues. Polarity can be described as an asymmetry along a defined axis, manifested at the molecular, structural, and functional levels. Several types of cell and tissue polarities were described in the literature, including front-back, apical-basal, anterior-posterior, and left-right polarity. Extensive research provided insights into the specific regulators of each polarization process, as well as into generic elements that affect all types of polarities. The actin cytoskeleton and the associated adhesion structures are major regulators of most, if not all, known forms of polarity. Actin filaments exhibit intrinsic polarity and their ability to bind many proteins including the mechanosensitive adhesion and motor proteins, such as myosins, play key roles in cell polarization. The actin cytoskeleton can generate mechanical forces and together with the associated adhesions, probe the mechanical, structural, and chemical properties of the environment, and transmit signals that impact numerous biological processes, including cell polarity. In this article we highlight novel mechanisms whereby the mechanical forces and actin-adhesion complexes regulate cell and tissue polarity in a variety of natural and experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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24
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Cellular Reorganization during Mitotic Entry. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:26-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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25
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Ho E, Ivanova IA, Dagnino L. Integrin-linked kinase and ELMO2 modulate recycling endosomes in keratinocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2892-2904. [PMID: 27627840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of tight cell-cell junctions is essential in the epidermis for its barrier properties. In this tissue, keratinocytes follow a differentiation program tightly associated with their movement from the innermost basal to the outer suprabasal layers, and with changes in their cell-cell adhesion profile. Intercellular adhesion in keratinocytes is mediated through cell-cell contacts, including E-cadherin-based adherens junctions. Although the mechanisms that mediate E-cadherin delivery to the plasma membrane have been widely studied in simple epithelia, this process is less well understood in the stratified epidermis. In this study, we have investigated the role of Engulfment and Cell Motility 2 (ELMO2) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the positioning of E-cadherin-containing recycling endosomes during establishment of cell-cell contacts in differentiating keratinocytes. We now show that induction of keratinocyte differentiation by Ca2+ is accompanied by localization of ELMO2 and ILK to Rab4- and Rab11a-containing recycling endosomes. The positioning of long-loop Rab11a-positive endosomes at areas adjacent to cell-cell contacts is disrupted in ELMO2- or ILK-deficient keratinocytes, and is associated with impaired localization of E-cadherin to cell borders. Our studies show a previously unrecognized role for ELMO2 and ILK in modulation of endosomal positioning, which may play key roles in epidermal sheet maintenance and permeability barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Ho
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Iordanka A Ivanova
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
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26
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Moreira S, Morais-de-Sá E. Spatiotemporal phosphoregulation of Lgl: Finding meaning in multiple on/off buttons. BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 6:29-38. [PMID: 26919260 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2016.1149290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular asymmetries, often termed cell polarity, determine how cells organize and divide to ultimately control cell fate and shape animal tissues. The tumor suppressor Lethal giant larvae (Lgl) functions at the core of the evolutionarily conserved cell polarity machinery that controls apico-basal polarization. This function relies on its restricted basolateral localization via phosphorylation by aPKC. Here, we summarize the spatial and temporal control of Lgl during the cell cycle, highlighting two ideas that emerged from our recent findings: 1) Aurora A directly phosphorylates Lgl during symmetric division to couple reorganization of epithelial polarity with the cell cycle; 2) Phosphorylation of Lgl within three conserved serines controls its localization and function in a site-specific manner. Considering the importance of phosphorylation to regulate the concentration of Lgl at the plasma membrane, we will further discuss how it may work as an on-off switch for the interaction with cortical binding partners, with implications on epithelial polarization and spindle orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Moreira
- a IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- a IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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27
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Aw WY, Heck BW, Joyce B, Devenport D. Transient Tissue-Scale Deformation Coordinates Alignment of Planar Cell Polarity Junctions in the Mammalian Skin. Curr Biol 2016; 26:2090-100. [PMID: 27451904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) refers to the collective alignment of polarity along the tissue plane. In skin, the largest mammalian organ, PCP aligns over extremely long distances, but the global cues that orient tissue polarity are unknown. Here, we show that Celsr1 asymmetry arises concomitant with a gradient of tissue deformation oriented along the medial-lateral axis. This uniaxial tissue tension, whose origin remains unknown, transiently transforms basal epithelial cells from initially isotropic and disordered states into highly elongated and aligned morphologies. Reorienting tissue deformation is sufficient to shift the global axis of polarity, suggesting that uniaxial tissue strain can act as a long-range polarizing cue. Observations both in vivo and in vitro suggest that the effect of tissue anisotropy on Celsr1 polarity is not a direct consequence of cell shape but rather reflects the restructuring of cell-cell interfaces during oriented cell divisions and cell rearrangements that serve to relax tissue strain. We demonstrate that cell intercalations remodel intercellular junctions predominantly between the mediolateral interfaces of neighboring cells. This restructuring of the cell surface polarizes Celsr1, which is slow to accumulate at nascent junctions yet stably associates with persistent junctions. We propose that tissue anisotropy globally aligns Celsr1 polarity by creating a directional bias in the formation of new cell interfaces while simultaneously aligning the persistent interfaces at which Celsr1 prefers to accumulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yih Aw
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bryan W Heck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Bradley Joyce
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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28
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Thomas Y, Cirillo L, Panbianco C, Martino L, Tavernier N, Schwager F, Van Hove L, Joly N, Santamaria A, Pintard L, Gotta M. Cdk1 Phosphorylates SPAT-1/Bora to Promote Plk1 Activation in C. elegans and Human Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 15:510-518. [PMID: 27068477 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved Bora protein is a Plk1 activator, essential for checkpoint recovery after DNA damage in human cells. Here, we show that Bora interacts with Cyclin B and is phosphorylated by Cyclin B/Cdk1 at several sites. The first 225 amino acids of Bora, which contain two Cyclin binding sites and three conserved phosphorylated residues, are sufficient to promote Plk1 phosphorylation by Aurora A in vitro. Mutating the Cyclin binding sites or the three conserved phosphorylation sites abrogates the ability of the N terminus of Bora to promote Plk1 activation. In human cells, Bora-carrying mutations of the three conserved phosphorylation sites cannot sustain mitotic entry after DNA damage. In C. elegans embryos, mutation of the three conserved phosphorylation sites in SPAT-1, the Bora ortholog, results in a severe mitotic entry delay. Our results reveal a crucial and conserved role of phosphorylation of the N terminus of Bora for Plk1 activation and mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Thomas
- Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592, Paris-Diderot University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Luca Cirillo
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Panbianco
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Martino
- Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592, Paris-Diderot University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tavernier
- Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592, Paris-Diderot University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Schwager
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Van Hove
- Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592, Paris-Diderot University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592, Paris-Diderot University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anna Santamaria
- Cell Cycle and Ovarian Cancer Group, Biomedical Research Unit in Gynecology, Collserola Building, Vall Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lionel Pintard
- Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592, Paris-Diderot University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Monica Gotta
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Program Chemical Biology, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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29
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Strutt D, Schnabel R, Fiedler F, Prömel S. Adhesion GPCRs Govern Polarity of Epithelia and Cell Migration. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2016; 234:249-274. [PMID: 27832491 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41523-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms cells spatially arrange in a highly coordinated manner to form tissues and organs, which is essential for the function of an organism. The component cells and resulting structures are often polarised in one or more axes, and how such polarity is established and maintained correctly has been one of the major biological questions for many decades. Research progress has shown that many adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are involved in several types of polarity. Members of the two evolutionarily oldest groups, Flamingo/Celsr and Latrophilins, are key molecules in planar cell polarity of epithelia or the propagation of cellular polarity in the early embryo, respectively. Other adhesion GPCRs play essential roles in cell migration, indicating that this receptor class includes essential molecules for the control of various levels of cellular organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Strutt
- Bateson Centre and Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Ralf Schnabel
- Institute of Genetics, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Franziska Fiedler
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Prömel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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30
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Sedzinski J, Wallingford J. Planar Pol(o)arity. Dev Cell 2015; 33:494-5. [PMID: 26058051 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric localization of planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins is essential for tissue integrity, but how asymmetric localization is regulated during cell division is not known. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Shrestha et al. (2015) show that mitotic Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) links internalization of PCP proteins to cell-cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sedzinski
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA.
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31
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Cota CD, Davidson B. Mitotic Membrane Turnover Coordinates Differential Induction of the Heart Progenitor Lineage. Dev Cell 2015; 34:505-19. [PMID: 26300448 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In response to microenvironmental cues, embryonic cells form adhesive signaling compartments that influence survival and patterning. Dividing cells detach from the surrounding matrix and initiate extensive membrane remodeling, but the in vivo impact of mitosis on adhesion-dependent signaling remains poorly characterized. We investigate in vivo signaling dynamics using the invertebrate chordate, Ciona intestinalis. In Ciona, matrix adhesion polarizes fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-dependent heart progenitor induction. Here, we show that adhesion inhibits mitotic FGF receptor internalization, leading to receptor enrichment along adherent membranes. Targeted disruption of matrix adhesion promotes uniform FGF receptor internalization and degradation while enhanced adhesion suppresses degradation. Chimeric analysis indicates that integrin β chain-specific impacts on induction are dictated by distinct internalization motifs. We also found that matrix adhesion impacts receptor enrichment through Caveolin-rich membrane domains. These results redefine the relationship between cell division and adhesive signaling, revealing how mitotic membrane turnover orchestrates adhesion-dependent signal polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Cota
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
| | - Brad Davidson
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA.
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