1
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Yang X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Li S, Mi P, Jing N. The molecular and cellular choreography of early mammalian lung development. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:192-206. [PMID: 38919401 PMCID: PMC11195428 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian lung development starts from a specific cluster of endodermal cells situated within the ventral foregut region. With the orchestrating of delicate choreography of transcription factors, signaling pathways, and cell-cell communications, the endodermal diverticulum extends into the surrounding mesenchyme, and builds the cellular and structural basis of the complex respiratory system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current molecular insights of mammalian lung development, with a particular focus on the early stage of lung cell fate differentiation and spatial patterning. Furthermore, we explore the implications of several congenital respiratory diseases and the relevance to early organogenesis. Finally, we summarize the unprecedented knowledge concerning lung cell compositions, regulatory networks as well as the promising prospect for gaining an unbiased understanding of lung development and lung malformations through state-of-the-art single-cell omics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfa Yang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Panpan Mi
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Paramore SV, Trenado-Yuste C, Sharan R, Nelson CM, Devenport D. Vangl-dependent mesenchymal thinning shapes the distal lung during murine sacculation. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1302-1316.e5. [PMID: 38569553 PMCID: PMC11111357 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The planar cell polarity (PCP) complex is speculated to function in murine lung development, where branching morphogenesis generates an epithelial tree whose distal tips expand dramatically during sacculation. Here, we show that PCP is dispensable in the airway epithelium for sacculation. Rather, we find a Celsr1-independent role for the PCP component Vangl in the pulmonary mesenchyme: loss of Vangl1/2 inhibits mesenchymal thinning and expansion of the saccular epithelium. Further, loss of mesenchymal Wnt5a mimics sacculation defects observed in Vangl2-mutant lungs, implicating mesenchymal Wnt5a/Vangl signaling as a key regulator of late lung morphogenesis. A computational model predicts that sacculation requires a fluid mesenchymal compartment. Lineage-tracing and cell-shape analyses are consistent with the mesenchyme acting as a fluid tissue, suggesting that loss of Vangl1/2 impacts the ability of mesenchymal cells to exchange neighbors. Our data thus identify an explicit function for Vangl and the pulmonary mesenchyme in actively shaping the saccular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V Paramore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Carolina Trenado-Yuste
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rishabh Sharan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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3
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Werder RB, Zhou X, Cho MH, Wilson AA. Breathing new life into the study of COPD with genes identified from genome-wide association studies. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240019. [PMID: 38811034 PMCID: PMC11134200 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0019-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While the significance of environmental exposures in disease pathogenesis is well established, the functional contribution of genetic factors has only in recent years drawn attention. Notably, many genes associated with COPD risk are also linked with lung function. Because reduced lung function precedes COPD onset, this association is consistent with the possibility that derangements leading to COPD could arise during lung development. In this review, we summarise the role of leading genes (HHIP, FAM13A, DSP, AGER and TGFB2) identified by genome-wide association studies in lung development and COPD. Because many COPD genome-wide association study genes are enriched in lung epithelial cells, we focus on the role of these genes in the lung epithelium in development, homeostasis and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon B Werder
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Wang L, Xiao J, Zhang B, Hou A. Epigenetic modifications in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a review. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03167-7. [PMID: 38570557 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
While perinatal medicine advancements have bolstered survival outcomes for premature infants, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to threaten their long-term health. Gene-environment interactions, mediated by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation, take center stage in BPD pathogenesis. Recent discoveries link methylation variations across biological pathways with BPD. Also, the potential reversibility of histone modifications fuels new treatment avenues. The review also highlights the promise of utilizing mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes as BPD therapies, given their ability to modulate non-coding RNA, opening novel research and intervention possibilities. IMPACT: The complexity and universality of epigenetic modifications in the occurrence and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were thoroughly discussed. Both molecular and cellular mechanisms contribute to the diverse nature of epigenetic changes, suggesting the need for deeper biochemical techniques to explore these molecular alterations. The utilization of innovative cell-specific drug delivery methods like exosomes and extracellular vesicles holds promise in achieving precise epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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5
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Liu XM, Yang L, Yang QB. Advanced Progress of Histone Deacetylases in Rheumatic Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:947-955. [PMID: 38370467 PMCID: PMC10870932 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic disease is a disease which is not yet fully clarified to etiology and also involved in a local pathological injury or systemic disease. With the continuous improvement of clinical medical research in recent years, the development process of rheumatic diseases has been gradually elucidated; with the intensely study of epigenetics, it is realized that environmental changes can affect genetics, among which histone acetylation is one of the essential mechanisms in epigenetics. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in regulating gene expression in various biological processes, including differentiation, development, stress response, and injury. HDACs are involved in a variety of physiological processes and are promising drug targets in various pathological conditions, such as cancer, cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, metabolic and immune disorders, and viral and parasitic infections. In this paper, we reviewed the roles of HDACs in rheumatic diseases in terms of their classification and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Bin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Stokes G, Li Z, Talaba N, Genthe W, Brix MB, Pham B, Wienhold MD, Sandok G, Hernan R, Wynn J, Tang H, Tabima DM, Rodgers A, Hacker TA, Chesler NC, Zhang P, Murad R, Yuan JXJ, Shen Y, Chung WK, McCulley DJ. Rescuing lung development through embryonic inhibition of histone acetylation. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadc8930. [PMID: 38295182 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adc8930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A major barrier to the impact of genomic diagnosis in patients with congenital malformations is the lack of understanding regarding how sequence variants contribute to disease pathogenesis and whether this information could be used to generate patient-specific therapies. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is among the most common and severe of all structural malformations; however, its underlying mechanisms are unclear. We identified loss-of-function sequence variants in the epigenomic regulator gene SIN3A in two patients with complex CDH. Tissue-specific deletion of Sin3a in mice resulted in defects in diaphragm development, lung hypoplasia, and pulmonary hypertension, the cardinal features of CDH and major causes of CDH-associated mortality. Loss of SIN3A in the lung mesenchyme resulted in reduced cellular differentiation, impaired cell proliferation, and increased DNA damage. Treatment of embryonic Sin3a mutant mice with anacardic acid, an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase, reduced DNA damage, increased cell proliferation and differentiation, improved lung and pulmonary vascular development, and reduced pulmonary hypertension. These findings demonstrate that restoring the balance of histone acetylation can improve lung development in the Sin3a mouse model of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giangela Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhuowei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole Talaba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - William Genthe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Maria B Brix
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Betty Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Gracia Sandok
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Rebecca Hernan
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Diana M Tabima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Allison Rodgers
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Naomi C Chesler
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rabi Murad
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, and JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J McCulley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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7
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Callaway DA, Penkala IJ, Zhou S, Knowlton JJ, Cardenas-Diaz F, Babu A, Morley MP, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Morrisey EE. TGF-β controls alveolar type 1 epithelial cell plasticity and alveolar matrisome gene transcription in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172095. [PMID: 38488000 PMCID: PMC10947970 DOI: 10.1172/jci172095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature birth disrupts normal lung development and places infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease disrupting lung health throughout the life of an individual and that is increasing in incidence. The TGF-β superfamily has been implicated in BPD pathogenesis, however, what cell lineage it impacts remains unclear. We show that TGFbr2 is critical for alveolar epithelial (AT1) cell fate maintenance and function. Loss of TGFbr2 in AT1 cells during late lung development leads to AT1-AT2 cell reprogramming and altered pulmonary architecture, which persists into adulthood. Restriction of fetal lung stretch and associated AT1 cell spreading through a model of oligohydramnios enhances AT1-AT2 reprogramming. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the necessity of TGFbr2 expression in AT1 cells for extracellular matrix production. Moreover, TGF-β signaling regulates integrin transcription to alter AT1 cell morphology, which further impacts ECM expression through changes in mechanotransduction. These data reveal the cell intrinsic necessity of TGF-β signaling in maintaining AT1 cell fate and reveal this cell lineage as a major orchestrator of the alveolar matrisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Callaway
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
| | - Ian J. Penkala
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | - Su Zhou
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Knowlton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
| | - Fabian Cardenas-Diaz
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael P. Morley
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariana Lopes
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward E. Morrisey
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Rowbotham SP, Pessina P, Garcia-de-Alba C, Jensen J, Nguyen Y, Yoon J, Li J, Wong IG, Fahey C, Moye AL, Chongsaritsinsuk J, Bronson R, Ho Sui SJ, Kim CF. Age-associated H3K9me2 loss alters the regenerative equilibrium between murine lung alveolar and bronchiolar progenitors. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2974-2991.e6. [PMID: 37977149 PMCID: PMC10873032 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The lung contains multiple progenitor cell types, but how their responses are choreographed during injury repair and whether this changes with age is poorly understood. We report that histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9me2), mediated by the methyltransferase G9a, regulates the dynamics of distal lung epithelial progenitor cells and that this regulation deteriorates with age. In aged mouse lungs, H3K9me2 loss coincided with fewer alveolar type 2 (AT2) cell progenitors and reduced alveolar regeneration but increased the frequency and activity of multipotent bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) and bronchiolar progenitor club cells. H3K9me2 depletion in young mice decreased AT2 progenitor activity and impaired alveolar injury repair. Conversely, H3K9me2 depletion increased chromatin accessibility of bronchiolar cell genes, increased BASC frequency, and accelerated bronchiolar cell injury repair. These findings indicate that during aging, the epigenetic regulation that coordinates lung progenitor cells' regenerative responses becomes dysregulated, aiding our understanding of age-related susceptibility to lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Rowbotham
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Patrizia Pessina
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolina Garcia-de-Alba
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jake Jensen
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yvonne Nguyen
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joon Yoon
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jingyun Li
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irene G Wong
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline Fahey
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron L Moye
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joann Chongsaritsinsuk
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roderick Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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9
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Altounian M, Bellon A, Mann F. Neuronal miR-17-5p contributes to interhemispheric cortical connectivity defects induced by prenatal alcohol exposure. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113020. [PMID: 37610874 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional deficits in brain connectivity are reported in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), but whether and how prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) affects axonal development of neurons and disrupts wiring between brain regions is unknown. Here, we develop a mouse model of moderate alcohol exposure during prenatal brain wiring to study the effects of PAE on corpus callosum (CC) development. PAE induces aberrant navigation of interhemispheric CC axons that persists even after exposure ends, leading to ectopic termination in the contralateral cortex. The neuronal miR-17-5p and its target ephrin type A receptor 4 (EphA4) mediate the effect of alcohol on the contralateral targeting of CC axons. Thus, altered microRNA-mediated regulation of axonal guidance may have implications for interhemispheric cortical connectivity and associated behaviors in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anaïs Bellon
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Mann
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France.
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10
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Li S, Liberti D, Zhou S, Ying Y, Kong J, Basil MC, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Shiraishi K, Morley MP, Morrisey EE. DOT1L regulates lung developmental epithelial cell fate and adult alveolar stem cell differentiation after acute injury. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1841-1853. [PMID: 37595582 PMCID: PMC10545485 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AT2 cells harbor alveolar stem cell activity in the lung and can self-renew and differentiate into AT1 cells during homeostasis and after injury. To identify epigenetic pathways that control the AT2-AT1 regenerative response in the lung, we performed an organoid screen using a library of pharmacological epigenetic inhibitors. This screen identified DOT1L as a regulator of AT2 cell growth and differentiation. In vivo inactivation of Dot1l leads to precocious activation of both AT1 and AT2 gene expression during lung development and accelerated AT1 cell differentiation after acute lung injury. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the presence of a new AT2 cell state upon loss of Dot1l, characterized by increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes and changes in expression of critical transcription and epigenetic factors. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Dot1l controls the rate of alveolar epithelial cell fate acquisition during development and regeneration after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanru Li
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Derek Liberti
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yun Ying
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria C Basil
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kazushige Shiraishi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Rizzetto G, Tagliati C, Fogante M, Marcucci M, Argalia G, Lanni G, Rebonato A, Giuseppetti GM, Esposito R, Molinelli E, De Simoni E, Offidani A, Simonetti O. CT Patterns of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients with Plaque Psoriasis: A Retrospective Case Series Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1650. [PMID: 37763769 PMCID: PMC10534496 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Recently published articles reported an association between psoriasis and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in ILD computed tomography (CT) patterns between smoker and never smoker plaque psoriasis (PP) patients under topical treatment without psoriatic arthritis (PA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Matherials and Methods: Two radiologists evaluated chest CT examinations of 65 patients (33 smokers, 32 never smokers) with PP. Results: Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern was diagnosed in 36 patients, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern in 19, hypersensitivity pneumonitis in 7 and pleuropulmonary fibroelastosis (PPFE) in 3 patients. UIP pattern showed a statistically significant higher frequency in smoker patients (p = 0.0351). Respiratory symptoms were reported in 80% of patients. Conclusions: ILDs seems to represent a new comorbidity associated with psoriasis. Moreover, a statistically significant association between smokers and UIP pattern in PP patients is found. Respiratory symptoms should be evaluated in PP patients, in collaboration with a radiologist and a pneumologist. However, further studies are required to better understand the epidemiology of ILDs in PP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rizzetto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Corrado Tagliati
- Radiologia AST Pesaro Urbino, 611121 Pesaro, Italy; (C.T.); (A.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Marco Fogante
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy (G.A.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Matteo Marcucci
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy (G.A.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Giulio Argalia
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy (G.A.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Lanni
- U.O.S.D. Radiologia Ospedale “San Liberatore” Atri-Dipartimento dei Servizi-ASL Teramo, 64032 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Rebonato
- Radiologia AST Pesaro Urbino, 611121 Pesaro, Italy; (C.T.); (A.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Gian Marco Giuseppetti
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy (G.A.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Roberto Esposito
- Radiologia AST Pesaro Urbino, 611121 Pesaro, Italy; (C.T.); (A.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Edoardo De Simoni
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (E.D.S.)
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Dermatology Clinic, Polytechnic Marche University, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (E.D.S.)
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12
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Shi CY, Elcavage LE, Chivukula RR, Stefano J, Kleaveland B, Bartel DP. ZSWIM8 destabilizes many murine microRNAs and is required for proper embryonic growth and development. Genome Res 2023; 33:1482-1496. [PMID: 37532519 PMCID: PMC10620050 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278073.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) pair to sites in mRNAs to direct the degradation of these RNA transcripts. Conversely, certain RNA transcripts can direct the degradation of particular miRNAs. This target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD) requires the ZSWIM8 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here, we report the function of ZSWIM8 in the mouse embryo. Zswim8 -/- embryos were smaller than their littermates and died near the time of birth. This highly penetrant perinatal lethality was apparently caused by a lung sacculation defect attributed to failed maturation of alveolar epithelial cells. Some mutant individuals also had heart ventricular septal defects. These developmental abnormalities were accompanied by aberrant accumulation of more than 50 miRNAs observed across 12 tissues, which often led to enhanced repression of their mRNA targets. These ZSWIM8-sensitive miRNAs were preferentially produced from genomic miRNA clusters, and in some cases, ZSWIM8 caused a switch in the dominant strand or isoform that accumulated from a miRNA hairpin-observations suggesting that TDMD provides a mechanism to uncouple coproduced miRNAs from each other. Overall, our findings indicate that the regulatory influence of ZSWIM8, and presumably TDMD, in mammalian biology is widespread and consequential, and posit the existence of many yet-unidentified transcripts that trigger miRNA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Y Shi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Lara E Elcavage
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Joanna Stefano
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin Kleaveland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - David P Bartel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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13
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Yang Y, Li G, Zhong Y, Xu Q, Chen BJ, Lin YT, Chapkin R, Cai JJ. Gene knockout inference with variational graph autoencoder learning single-cell gene regulatory networks. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6578-6592. [PMID: 37246643 PMCID: PMC10359630 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce Gene Knockout Inference (GenKI), a virtual knockout (KO) tool for gene function prediction using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data in the absence of KO samples when only wild-type (WT) samples are available. Without using any information from real KO samples, GenKI is designed to capture shifting patterns in gene regulation caused by the KO perturbation in an unsupervised manner and provide a robust and scalable framework for gene function studies. To achieve this goal, GenKI adapts a variational graph autoencoder (VGAE) model to learn latent representations of genes and interactions between genes from the input WT scRNA-seq data and a derived single-cell gene regulatory network (scGRN). The virtual KO data is then generated by computationally removing all edges of the KO gene-the gene to be knocked out for functional study-from the scGRN. The differences between WT and virtual KO data are discerned by using their corresponding latent parameters derived from the trained VGAE model. Our simulations show that GenKI accurately approximates the perturbation profiles upon gene KO and outperforms the state-of-the-art under a series of evaluation conditions. Using publicly available scRNA-seq data sets, we demonstrate that GenKI recapitulates discoveries of real-animal KO experiments and accurately predicts cell type-specific functions of KO genes. Thus, GenKI provides an in-silico alternative to KO experiments that may partially replace the need for genetically modified animals or other genetically perturbed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guanxun Li
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Bo-Jia Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative & Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - James J Cai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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14
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Callaway DA, Penkala IJ, Zhou S, Cardenas-Diaz F, Babu A, Morley MP, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Morrisey EE. TGFβ controls alveolar type 1 epithelial cell plasticity and alveolar matrisome gene transcription. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540035. [PMID: 37214932 PMCID: PMC10197675 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Premature birth disrupts normal lung development and places infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease increasing in incidence which disrupts lung health throughout the lifespan. The TGFβ superfamily has been implicated in BPD pathogenesis, however, what cell lineage it impacts remains unclear. We show that Tgfbr2 is critical for AT1 cell fate maintenance and function. Loss of Tgfbr2 in AT1 cells during late lung development leads to AT1-AT2 cell reprogramming and altered pulmonary architecture, which persists into adulthood. Restriction of fetal lung stretch and associated AT1 cell spreading through a model of oligohydramnios enhances AT1-AT2 reprogramming. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveal the necessity of Tgfbr2 expression in AT1 cells for extracellular matrix production. Moreover, TGFβ signaling regulates integrin transcription to alter AT1 cell morphology, which further impacts ECM expression through changes in mechanotransduction. These data reveal the cell intrinsic necessity of TGFβ signaling in maintaining AT1 cell fate and reveal this cell lineage as a major orchestrator of the alveolar matrisome.
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15
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He R, Liu B, Geng B, Li N, Geng Q. The role of HDAC3 and its inhibitors in regulation of oxidative stress and chronic diseases. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:131. [PMID: 37072432 PMCID: PMC10113195 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
HDAC3 is a specific and crucial member of the HDAC family. It is required for embryonic growth, development, and physiological function. The regulation of oxidative stress is an important factor in intracellular homeostasis and signal transduction. Currently, HDAC3 has been found to regulate several oxidative stress-related processes and molecules dependent on its deacetylase and non-enzymatic activities. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the knowledge of the relationship of HDAC3 with mitochondria function and metabolism, ROS-produced enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress-associated transcription factors. We also discuss the role of HDAC3 and its inhibitors in some chronic cardiovascular, kidney, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the simultaneous existence of enzyme activity and non-enzyme activity, HDAC3 and the development of its selective inhibitors still need further exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bohao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boxin Geng
- School of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Congenital lung malformations: Dysregulated lung developmental processes and altered signaling pathways. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151228. [PMID: 36442455 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital lung malformations comprise a diverse group of anomalies including congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM, previously known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation or CCAM), bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), congenital lobar emphysema (CLE), bronchogenic cysts, and hybrid lesions. Little is known about the signaling pathways that underlie the pathophysiology of these lesions and the processes that may promote their malignant transformation. In the last decade, the use of transgenic/knockout animal models and the implementation of next generation sequencing on surgical lung specimens have increased our knowledge on the pathophysiology of these lesions. Herein, we provide an overview of normal lung development in humans and rodents, and we discuss the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiology and molecular pathways that are altered in each congenital lung malformation.
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17
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Dehmel S, Weiss KJ, El-Merhie N, Callegari J, Konrad B, Mutze K, Eickelberg O, Königshoff M, Krauss-Etschmann S. microRNA Expression Profile of Purified Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1420. [PMID: 36011331 PMCID: PMC9407429 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are essential for the maintenance of the alveolar homeostasis. However, knowledge of the expression of the miRNAs and miRNA-regulated networks which control homeostasis and coordinate diverse functions of murine ATII cells is limited. Therefore, we asked how miRNAs expressed in ATII cells might contribute to the regulation of signaling pathways. We purified "untouched by antibodies" ATII cells using a flow cytometric sorting method with a highly autofluorescent population of lung cells. TaqMan® miRNA low-density arrays were performed on sorted cells and intersected with miRNA profiles of ATII cells isolated according to a previously published protocol. Of 293 miRNAs expressed in both ATII preparations, 111 showed equal abundances. The target mRNAs of bona fide ATII miRNAs were used for pathway enrichment analysis. This analysis identified nine signaling pathways with known functions in fibrosis and/or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In particular, a subset of 19 miRNAs was found to target 21 components of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Three of these miRNAs (miR-16-5p, -17-5p and -30c-5p) were down-modulated by TGF-β1 stimulation in human A549 cells, and concomitant up-regulation of associated mRNA targets (BMPR2, JUN, RUNX2) was observed. These results suggest an important role for miRNAs in maintaining the homeostasis of the TGF-β signaling pathway in ATII cells under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dehmel
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department Strategy, Programs, Resources, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Weiss
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Jens Callegari
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bergisch Gladbach, Ferrenbergstraße, 51465 Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Birte Konrad
- Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital Munich, Asklepios Clinic Gauting and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Lung Repair and Regeneration, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Disease, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Airway Research Center North (ARCN), 23845 Borstel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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18
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Liberti DC, Liberti Iii WA, Kremp MM, Penkala IJ, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Morley MP, Babu A, Zhou S, Fernandez Iii RJ, Morrisey EE. Klf5 defines alveolar epithelial type 1 cell lineage commitment during lung development and regeneration. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1742-1757.e5. [PMID: 35803279 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cell fate decisions drive lung development and regeneration. Using transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling coupled with genetic mouse and organoid models, we identified the transcription factor Klf5 as an essential determinant of alveolar epithelial cell fate across the lifespan. We show that although dispensable for both adult alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cell homeostasis, Klf5 enforces AT1 cell lineage fidelity during development. Using infectious and non-infectious models of acute respiratory distress syndrome, we demonstrate that Klf5 represses AT2 cell proliferation and enhances AT2-AT1 cell differentiation in a spatially restricted manner during lung regeneration. Moreover, ex vivo organoid assays identify that Klf5 reduces AT2 cell sensitivity to inflammatory signaling to drive AT2-AT1 cell differentiation. These data define the roll of a major transcriptional regulator of AT1 cell lineage commitment and of the AT2 cell response to inflammatory crosstalk during lung regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Liberti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William A Liberti Iii
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Madison M Kremp
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian J Penkala
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rafael J Fernandez Iii
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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19
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Khalaj K, Antounians L, Lopes Figueira R, Post M, Zani A. Autophagy is Impaired in Fetal Hypoplastic Lungs and Rescued by Administration of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:476-487. [PMID: 35671495 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2168oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by reduced branching morphogenesis, which is responsible for poor clinical outcomes. Administration of amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicles (AFSC-EVs) rescues branching morphogenesis in rodent fetal models of pulmonary hypoplasia. Herein, we hypothesized that AFSC-EVs exert their regenerative potential by affecting autophagy, a process required for normal lung development. OBJECTIVES To evaluate autophagy in hypoplastic lungs throughout gestation and establish whether AFSC-EV administration improves branching morphogenesis through autophagy-mediated mechanisms. METHODS EVs were isolated from c-kit+ AFSC conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation and characterized by size, morphology, and EV marker expression. Branching morphogenesis was inhibited in rat fetuses by nitrofen administration to dams and in human fetal lung explants by blocking RAC1 activity with NSC23766. Expression of autophagy activators (BECN1 and ATG5) and adaptor (SQSTM1) was analyzed in vitro (rat and human fetal lung explants) and in vivo (rat fetal lungs). Mechanistic studies on rat fetal primary lung epithelial cells were conducted using inhibitors for microRNA-17 and -20a contained in the AFSC-EV cargo and known to regulate autophagy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Rat and human models of fetal pulmonary hypoplasia showed reduced autophagy at different developmental stages. AFSC-EV administration restored autophagy levels in both pulmonary hypoplasia models by transferring miR-17~92 cluster members contained in the EV cargo. CONCLUSIONS AFSC-EV treatment rescues branching morphogenesis partly by restoring autophagy through miRNA cargo transfer. This study enhances our understanding of pulmonary hypoplasia pathogenesis and creates new opportunities for fetal therapeutic intervention in CDH babies. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Khalaj
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 7979, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, 7979, Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Post
- Hospital for Sick Children, Lung Biology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 7979, Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, 7979, Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, 7979, Department of Surgery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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20
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Silencing of histone deacetylase 3 suppresses the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through regulation of miR-494-mediated TGIF1. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:191. [PMID: 35578338 PMCID: PMC9109300 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deacetylation of histones by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) acts importantly in modulating apoptosis, DNA damage and cellular progression. Herein, we aimed to unravel the functional role of HDAC3 in a lethal disease, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS The expression of HDAC3 in clinically collected ESCC tissues was determined by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. As revealed from bioinformatics analysis, the putative relations between HDAC3 and microRNA-494 (miR-494) and between miR-494 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-inducing factor 1 (TGIF1) were further verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Functional roles of shRNA-mediated depletion of HDAC3, miR-494 mimic and overexpressed TGIF1 were explored by gain- and loss-of-function assays with regard to ESCC cell biological behaviors. A nude mouse model of ESCC was developed for in vivo validation. RESULTS HDAC3 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues, suggestive of poor prognosis while TGIF1 was upregulated and miR-494 was downregulated. Mechanistic investigation revealed that HDAC3 inhibited miR-494 expression and TGIF1 was a direct target of miR-494. Furthermore, silencing HDAC3 or overexpressing miR-494 was demonstrated to suppress aggressive phenotypes of ESCC cells both in vitro through the activated TGFβ signaling pathway and in vivo, while TGIF1 overexpression induced opposite results. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings provided demonstration regarding the oncogenic property of HDAC3 in ESCC via the miR-494/TGIF1/TGFβ axis.
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21
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Korfei M, Mahavadi P, Guenther A. Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Future Therapeutic Option. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101626. [PMID: 35626663 PMCID: PMC9139813 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal lung disease with limited therapeutic options, and there is a huge unmet need for new therapies. A growing body of evidence suggests that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family of transcriptional corepressors has emerged as crucial mediators of IPF pathogenesis. HDACs deacetylate histones and result in chromatin condensation and epigenetic repression of gene transcription. HDACs also catalyse the deacetylation of many non-histone proteins, including transcription factors, thus also leading to changes in the transcriptome and cellular signalling. Increased HDAC expression is associated with cell proliferation, cell growth and anti-apoptosis and is, thus, a salient feature of many cancers. In IPF, induction and abnormal upregulation of Class I and Class II HDAC enzymes in myofibroblast foci, as well as aberrant bronchiolar epithelium, is an eminent observation, whereas type-II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) of IPF lungs indicate a significant depletion of many HDACs. We thus suggest that the significant imbalance of HDAC activity in IPF lungs, with a “cancer-like” increase in fibroblastic and bronchial cells versus a lack in AECII, promotes and perpetuates fibrosis. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which Class I and Class II HDACs mediate fibrogenesis and on the mechanisms by which various HDAC inhibitors reverse the deregulated epigenetic responses in IPF, supporting HDAC inhibition as promising IPF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Korfei
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (P.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-9942425; Fax: +49-641-9942429
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (P.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Guenther
- Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (P.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Lung Clinic, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Mittelhessen, D-35398 Giessen, Germany
- European IPF Registry and Biobank, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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22
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Zheng Q, Lei Y, Hui S, Tong M, Liang L. HDAC3 promotes pulmonary fibrosis by activating NOTCH1 and STAT1 signaling and up-regulating inflammasome components AIM2 and ASC. Cytokine 2022; 153:155842. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Zhong Q, Liu Y, Correa MR, Marconett CN, Minoo P, Li C, Ann DK, Zhou B, Borok Z. FOXO1 Couples KGF and PI-3K/AKT Signaling to NKX2.1-Regulated Differentiation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1122. [PMID: 35406686 PMCID: PMC8997990 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NKX2.1 is a master regulator of lung morphogenesis and cell specification; however, interactions of NKX2.1 with various transcription factors to regulate cell-specific gene expression and cell fate in the distal lung remain incompletely understood. FOXO1 is a key regulator of stem/progenitor cell maintenance/differentiation in several tissues but its role in the regulation of lung alveolar epithelial progenitor homeostasis has not been evaluated. We identified a novel role for FOXO1 in alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) differentiation that results in the removal of NKX2.1 from surfactant gene promoters and the subsequent loss of surfactant expression in alveolar epithelial type I-like (AT1-like) cells. We found that the FOXO1 forkhead domain potentiates a loss of surfactant gene expression through an interaction with the NKX2.1 homeodomain, disrupting NKX2.1 binding to the SFTPC promoter. In addition, blocking PI-3K/AKT signaling reduces phosphorylated FOXO-1 (p-FOXO1), allowing accumulated nuclear FOXO1 to interact with NKX2.1 in differentiating AEC. Inhibiting AEC differentiation in vitro with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) maintained an AT2 cell phenotype through increased PI3K/AKT-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation, resulting in higher levels of surfactant expression. Together these results indicate that FOXO1 plays a central role in AEC differentiation by directly binding NKX2.1 and suggests an essential role for FOXO1 in mediating AEC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Michele Ramos Correa
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Crystal Nicole Marconett
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changgong Li
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David K. Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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24
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Hu L, Yang K, Mai X, Wei J, Ma C. Depleted HDAC3 attenuates hyperuricemia-induced renal interstitial fibrosis via miR-19b-3p/SF3B3 axis. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:450-461. [PMID: 35025700 PMCID: PMC8942505 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1989899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional histone deacetylases (HDACs) elicit unrestrained fibrosis and damage to organs. With regard to the link between HDACs and fibrosis, this research is practiced to decipher the concrete mechanism of HDAC3 in hyperuricemia (HN)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) from microRNA-19b-3p/splicing factor 3b subunit 3 (miR-19b-3p/SF3B3) axis.The HN model was established on rats to induce RIF by oral administration of adenine and potassium oxalate. HN rats were injected with miR-19b-3p- or HDAC3-related vectors to figure out their effects on RIF through detecting 24-h urine protein, uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) contents and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN) contents in renal tissues and observing pathological damages and RIF index of renal tissues. HDAC3, miR-19b-3p and SF3B3 expression in renal tissues were tested, along with their interactions.Elevated HDAC3 and SF3B3 and reduced miR-19b-3p were displayed in renal tissues of HN rats. Suppressed HDAC3 or promoted miR-19b-3p relieved HN-induced RIF, as reflected by their inhibitory effects on 24 h urine protein, UA, BUN, Scr, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and FN contents and RIF index and their ameliorated effects on pathological damages of renal tissues. HDAC3 bound to the promoter of miR-19b-3p to regulate SF3B3. MiR-19b-3p depletion abrogated down-regulated HDAC3-induced effects on HN-induced RIF.It is delineated that depressed HDAC3 relives HN-induced RIF through restoring miR-19b-3p and knocking down SF3B3, replenishing the references for RIF curing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langtao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Xing Mai
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Jiali Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
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25
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Developmental Pathways Underlying Lung Development and Congenital Lung Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112987. [PMID: 34831210 PMCID: PMC8616556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung organogenesis is a highly coordinated process governed by a network of conserved signaling pathways that ultimately control patterning, growth, and differentiation. This rigorously regulated developmental process culminates with the formation of a fully functional organ. Conversely, failure to correctly regulate this intricate series of events results in severe abnormalities that may compromise postnatal survival or affect/disrupt lung function through early life and adulthood. Conditions like congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cysts, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia display unique forms of lung abnormalities. The etiology of these disorders is not yet completely understood; however, specific developmental pathways have already been reported as deregulated. In this sense, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to normal/abnormal lung growth and development and their impact on postnatal survival.
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26
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Liberti DC, Morrisey EE. Organoid models: assessing lung cell fate decisions and disease responses. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:1159-1174. [PMID: 34674972 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organoids can be derived from various cell types in the lung, and they provide a reproducible and tractable model for understanding the complex signals driving cell fate decisions in a regenerative context. In this review, we provide a retrospective account of organoid methodologies and outline new opportunities for optimizing these methods to further explore emerging concepts in lung biology. Moreover, we examine the benefits of integrating organoid assays with in vivo modeling to explore how the various niches and compartments in the respiratory system respond to both acute and chronic lung disease. The strategic implementation and improvement of organoid techniques will provide exciting new opportunities to understand and identify new therapeutic approaches to ameliorate lung disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Liberti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Age-dependent alveolar epithelial plasticity orchestrates lung homeostasis and regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1775-1789.e5. [PMID: 33974915 PMCID: PMC8500919 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of the architecturally complex alveolar niche of the lung requires precise temporal and spatial control of epithelial cell behavior. Injury can lead to a permanent reduction in gas exchange surface area and respiratory function. Using mouse models, we show that alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell plasticity is a major and unappreciated mechanism that drives regeneration, beginning in the early postnatal period during alveolar maturation. Upon acute neonatal lung injury, AT1 cells reprogram into alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, promoting alveolar regeneration. In contrast, the ability of AT2 cells to regenerate AT1 cells is restricted to the mature lung. Unbiased genomic assessment reveals that this previously unappreciated level of plasticity is governed by the preferential activity of Hippo signaling in the AT1 cell lineage. Thus, cellular plasticity is a temporally acquired trait of the alveolar epithelium and presents an alternative mode of tissue regeneration in the postnatal lung.
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28
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Gkatzis K, Panza P, Peruzzo S, Stainier DY. Differentiation of mouse fetal lung alveolar progenitors in serum-free organotypic cultures. eLife 2021; 10:65811. [PMID: 34586063 PMCID: PMC8480975 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial progenitors differentiate into alveolar type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells. These cells form the air-blood interface and secrete surfactant, respectively, and are essential for lung maturation and function. Current protocols to derive and culture alveolar cells do not faithfully recapitulate the architecture of the distal lung, which influences cell fate patterns in vivo. Here, we report serum-free conditions that allow for growth and differentiation of mouse distal lung epithelial progenitors. We find that Collagen I promotes the differentiation of flattened, polarized AT1 cells. Using these organoids, we performed a chemical screen to investigate WNT signaling in epithelial differentiation. We identify an association between Casein Kinase activity and maintenance of an AT2 expression signature; Casein Kinase inhibition leads to an increase in AT1/progenitor cell ratio. These organoids provide a simplified model of alveolar differentiation and constitute a scalable screening platform to identify and analyze cell differentiation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkatzis
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Paolo Panza
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sofia Peruzzo
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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29
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He H, Chen J, Zhao J, Zhang P, Qiao Y, Wan H, Wang J, Mei M, Bao S, Li Q. PRMT7 targets of Foxm1 controls alveolar myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation during alveologenesis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:841. [PMID: 34497269 PMCID: PMC8426482 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although aberrant alveolar myofibroblasts (AMYFs) proliferation and differentiation are often associated with abnormal lung development and diseases, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), epigenetic mechanisms regulating proliferation and differentiation of AMYFs remain poorly understood. Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) is the only reported type III enzyme responsible for monomethylation of arginine residue on both histone and nonhistone substrates. Here we provide evidence for PRMT7's function in regulating AMYFs proliferation and differentiation during lung alveologenesis. In PRMT7-deficient mice, we found reduced AMYFs proliferation and differentiation, abnormal elastin deposition, and failure of alveolar septum formation. We further shown that oncogene forkhead box M1 (Foxm1) is a direct target of PRMT7 and that PRMT7-catalyzed monomethylation at histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3me1) directly associate with chromatin of Foxm1 to activate its transcription, and thereby regulate of cell cycle-related genes to inhibit AMYFs proliferation and differentiation. Overexpression of Foxm1 in isolated myofibroblasts (MYFs) significantly rescued PRMT7-deficiency-induced cell proliferation and differentiation defects. Thus, our results reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism through which PRMT7-mediated histone arginine monomethylation activates Foxm1 transcriptional expression to regulate AMYFs proliferation and differentiation during lung alveologenesis and may represent a potential target for intervention in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Peizhun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Qiao
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China
| | - Huajing Wan
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Mei Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
| | - Qiuling Li
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P.R. China.
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30
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Ishii S. The Role of Histone Deacetylase 3 Complex in Nuclear Hormone Receptor Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179138. [PMID: 34502048 PMCID: PMC8431225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) regulate transcription of the target genes in a ligand-dependent manner in either a positive or negative direction, depending on the case. Deacetylation of histone tails is associated with transcriptional repression. A nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) and a silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) are the main corepressors responsible for gene suppression mediated by NRs. Among numerous histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC3 is the core component of the N-CoR/SMRT complex, and plays a central role in NR-dependent repression. Here, the roles of HDAC3 in ligand-independent repression, gene repression by orphan NRs, NRs antagonist action, ligand-induced repression, and the activation of a transcriptional coactivator are reviewed. In addition, some perspectives regarding the non-canonical mechanisms of HDAC3 action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiyasu Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8501, Japan
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31
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Tong Y, Zhang S, Riddle S, Zhang L, Song R, Yue D. Intrauterine Hypoxia and Epigenetic Programming in Lung Development and Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:944. [PMID: 34440150 PMCID: PMC8394854 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically, intrauterine hypoxia is the foremost cause of perinatal morbidity and developmental plasticity in the fetus and newborn infant. Under hypoxia, deviations occur in the lung cell epigenome. Epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA expression) control phenotypic programming and are associated with physiological responses and the risk of developmental disorders, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This developmental disorder is the most frequent chronic pulmonary complication in preterm labor. The pathogenesis of this disease involves many factors, including aberrant oxygen conditions and mechanical ventilation-mediated lung injury, infection/inflammation, and epigenetic/genetic risk factors. This review is focused on various aspects related to intrauterine hypoxia and epigenetic programming in lung development and disease, summarizes our current knowledge of hypoxia-induced epigenetic programming and discusses potential therapeutic interventions for lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Dongmei Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;
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32
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Ning L, Rui X, Bo W, Qing G. The critical roles of histone deacetylase 3 in the pathogenesis of solid organ injury. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:734. [PMID: 34301918 PMCID: PMC8302660 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) plays a crucial role in chromatin remodeling, which, in turn, regulates gene transcription. Hence, HDAC3 has been implicated in various diseases, including ischemic injury, fibrosis, neurodegeneration, infections, and inflammatory conditions. In addition, HDAC3 plays vital roles under physiological conditions by regulating circadian rhythms, metabolism, and development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the physiological functions of HDAC3 and its role in organ injury. We also discuss the therapeutic value of HDAC3 in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Rui
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Bo
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Qing
- grid.412632.00000 0004 1758 2270Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, China
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33
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Ah-Cann C, Wimmer VC, Weeden CE, Marceaux C, Law CW, Galvis L, Filby CE, Liu J, Breslin K, Willson T, Ritchie ME, Blewitt ME, Asselin-Labat ML. A functional genetic screen identifies aurora kinase b as an essential regulator of Sox9-positive mouse embryonic lung progenitor cells. Development 2021; 148:269134. [PMID: 34121118 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of a branching tree in the embryonic lung is crucial for the formation of a fully mature functional lung at birth. Sox9+ cells present at the tip of the primary embryonic lung endoderm are multipotent cells responsible for branch formation and elongation. We performed a genetic screen in murine primary cells and identified aurora kinase b (Aurkb) as an essential regulator of Sox9+ cells ex vivo. In vivo conditional knockout studies confirmed that Aurkb was required for lung development but was not necessary for postnatal growth and the repair of the adult lung after injury. Deletion of Aurkb in embryonic Sox9+ cells led to the formation of a stunted lung that retained the expression of Sox2 in the proximal airways, as well as Sox9 in the distal tips. Although we found no change in cell polarity, we showed that loss of Aurkb or chemical inhibition of Aurkb caused Sox9+ cells to arrest at G2/M, likely responsible for the lack of branch bifurcation. This work demonstrates the power of genetic screens in identifying novel regulators of Sox9+ progenitor cells and lung branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Ah-Cann
- Personalised Oncology Divison, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Verena C Wimmer
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.,Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Personalised Oncology Divison, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Claire Marceaux
- Personalised Oncology Divison, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Charity W Law
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Galvis
- Personalised Oncology Divison, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Caitlin E Filby
- Personalised Oncology Divison, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Joy Liu
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Kelsey Breslin
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy Willson
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Personalised Oncology Divison, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Fang H, Li HF, He MH, Yang M, Zhang JP. HDAC3 Downregulation Improves Cerebral Ischemic Injury via Regulation of the SDC1-Dependent JAK1/STAT3 Signaling Pathway Through miR-19a Upregulation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3158-3174. [PMID: 33634377 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can protect the brain from ischemic injury. This study aimed to identify the regulation of HDAC3 in cerebral ischemic injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed to establish a mouse model with cerebral ischemic injury, in which expression of HDAC3 and miR-19a was evaluated using RT-qPCR. In MCAO mice with silencing of HDAC3, infarct volume was determined using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured using ELISA. An in vitro model was constructed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R), followed by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Relationships among miR-19a, HDAC3, and syndecan-1 (SDC1) were explored using RIP, ChIP, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The expression of HDAC3, SDC1, JAK1, and STAT3 along with the extent of JAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation was measured by Western blot analysis. HUVEC viability, apoptosis, and angiogenesis were assessed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, and angiogenesis assays in vitro separately. We found elevated HDAC3 and downregulated miR-19a expression in the MCAO mice. Decreased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 serum levels were observed in response to silencing of HDAC3. HDAC3 inhibited the expression of miR-19a, which in turn targeted SDC1, leading to JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway activation. HDAC3 overexpression or miR-19a inhibition repressed HUVEC viability and angiogenesis but enhanced HUVEC apoptosis. Our data unraveled the mechanism whereby HDAC3 inhibition ameliorated cerebral ischemic injury by activating the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway through miR-19a-mediated SDC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Feng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hai He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou University People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Liberti DC, Kremp MM, Liberti WA, Penkala IJ, Li S, Zhou S, Morrisey EE. Alveolar epithelial cell fate is maintained in a spatially restricted manner to promote lung regeneration after acute injury. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109092. [PMID: 33979629 PMCID: PMC8220578 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells integrate signals from multiple molecular pathways to proliferate and differentiate to drive regeneration of the lung alveolus. Utilizing in vivo genetic and ex vivo organoid models, we investigated the role of Fgfr2 signaling in AT2 cells across the lifespan and during adult regeneration after influenza infection. We show that, although dispensable for adult homeostasis, Fgfr2 restricts AT2 cell fate during postnatal lung development. Using an unbiased computational imaging approach, we demonstrate that Fgfr2 promotes AT2 cell proliferation and restrains differentiation in actively regenerating areas after injury. Organoid assays reveal that Fgfr2-deficient AT2 cells remain competent to respond to multiple parallel proliferative inputs. Moreover, genetic blockade of AT2 cell cytokinesis demonstrates that cell division and differentiation are uncoupled during alveolar regeneration. These data reveal that Fgfr2 maintains AT2 cell fate, balancing proliferation and differentiation during lung alveolar regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Liberti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madison M Kremp
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William A Liberti
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ian J Penkala
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shanru Li
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Noncoding RNAs involved in DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation in diabetic vascular complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105520. [PMID: 33639232 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is still increasing. Diabetic vascular complications cause major diabetic mobility and include accelerated atherosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications via numerous mechanisms including the induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic alterations, and abnormal proliferation of EC and angiogenesis. In the past decade, epigenetic modifications have attracted more attention as they participate in the progression of diabetic vascular complications despite controlled glucose levels and regulate gene expression without altering the genomic sequence. DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation are vital epigenetic modifications and their underlying mechanisms in diabetic vascular complication are still urgently needed to be investigated. Non-coding RNAs (nc RNAs) such as micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circ RNAs) were found to exert transcriptional regulation in diabetic vascular complication. Although nc RNAs are not considered as epigenetic components, they are involved in epigenetic modifications. In this review, we summarized the investigations of non-coding RNAs involved in DNA methylation and histone methylation and acetylation. Their cross-talks might offer novel insights into the pathology of diabetic vascular complications.
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HDAC3 protects against atherosclerosis through inhibition of inflammation via the microRNA-19b/PPARγ/NF-κB axis. Atherosclerosis 2021; 323:1-12. [PMID: 33756273 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have revealed critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of AS. This study was conducted to elucidate the role and mechanism by which miR-19b influences AS. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), and an AS mouse model was generated with the help of ApoE-/- mice using a high-fat diet regimen. The expression patterns of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/p65, miR-19b and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) were then characterized by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. In addition, the relationship among PPARγ, NF-κB/p65, miR-19b and HDAC3 was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were also performed to examine their functional significance on ox-LDL-induced inflammation in HUVECs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to determine the expression patterns of inflammatory factors in AS mice. RESULTS PPARγ and HDAC3 were poorly expressed, while miR-19b and NF-κB/p65 were highly expressed in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs and arterial tissues of AS mice. PPARγ inhibited ox-LDL-induced inflammation in HUVECs by ubiquitination and degradation of NF-κB/p65. miR-19b, downregulated by HDAC3, targeted PPARγ and negatively-regulated its expression. Upregulated PPARγ or HDAC3 or downregulated miR-19b or NF-κB/p65 reduced TNF-α and IL-1β expression levels in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs and AS mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results show that HDAC3 upregulation prevents inflammation to inhibit AS by inactivating NF-κB/p65 via upregulation of miR-19b-mediated PPARγ, providing a basic therapeutic consideration for AS treatment.
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Na J, Jin H, Wang X, Huang K, Sun S, Li Q, Zhang W. The crosstalk of HDAC3, microRNA-18a and ADRB3 in the progression of heart failure. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:31. [PMID: 33549119 PMCID: PMC7866688 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by left ventricular dysfunction or elevated intracardiac pressures. Research supports that microRNAs (miRs) participate in HF by regulating targeted genes. Hence, the current study set out to study the role of HDAC3-medaited miR-18a in HF by targeting ADRB3. METHODS Firstly, HF mouse models were established by ligation of the left coronary artery at the lower edge of the left atrial appendage, and HF cell models were generated in the cardiomyocytes, followed by ectopic expression and silencing experiments. Numerous parameters including left ventricular posterior wall dimension (LVPWD), interventricular septal dimension (IVSD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LEVDP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure rise rate (+ dp/dt) and left ventricular pressure drop rate (-dp/dt) were measured in the mice. In addition, apoptosis in the mice was detected by means of TUNEL staining, while RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect miR-18a, HDAC3, ADRB3, cMyb, MMP-9, Collagen 1 and TGF-β1 expression patterns. Dual luciferase reporter assay validated the targeting relationship between ADRB3 and miR-18a. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined by means of flow cytometry. RESULTS HDAC3 and ADRB3 were up-regulated and miR-18a was down-regulated in HF mice and cardiomyocytes. In addition, HDAC3 could reduce the miR-18a expression, and ADRB3 was negatively-targeted by miR-18a. After down-regulation of HDAC3 or ADRB3 or over-expression of miR-18a, IVSD, LVEDD, LVESD and LEVDP were found to be decreased but LVPWD, LVEF, LVFS, LVSP, + dp/dt, and -dp/dt were all increased in the HF mice, whereas fibrosis, hypertrophy and apoptosis of HF cardiomyocytes were declined. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings indicate that HDAC3 silencing confers protection against HF by inhibiting miR-18a-targeted ADRB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Na
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China.
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Kan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No. 27, Taishun Street, Tiefeng District, Qiqihar, 161099, Heilongjiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161099, P.R. China
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Yuan H, Jiao L, Yu N, Duan H, Yu Y, Bai Y. Histone Deacetylase 3-Mediated Inhibition of microRNA-19a-3p Facilitates the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:549656. [PMID: 33343379 PMCID: PMC7746846 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.549656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression. We investigated the roles of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) involved in RA-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) fibrosis. Firstly, we measured the expression of HDAC3 and interleukin 17 receptor A (IL17RA) in lung tissue samples from normal controls, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, and RA-ILD patients. Next, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assay were employed to detect the interaction between HDAC3 and microRNA-19a-3p (miR-19a-3p) and between miR-19a-3p and IL17RA. Further, immunohistochemistry was used to localize HDAC3 and IL17RA expression in lung tissues. Additionally, functional assays were conducted followed by expression determination of HDAC3, miR-19a-3p, and IL17RA with reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The effect of HDAC3 on RA-ILD in the constructed RA-ILD mouse model was also studied based on arthritis assessment. We found overexpressed HDAC3 and IL17RA as well as silenced miR-19a-3p in RA-ILD mouse model and RA-ILD patients. In the mouse model, HDAC3 downregulated miR-19a-3p in lung fibroblasts to promote the progression of RA-ILD fibrosis. In lung fibroblasts of RA-ILD mice, IL17RA was a target gene of miR-19a-3p. miR-19a-3p negatively regulated IL17RA, thereby increasing the expression of fibrosis markers, COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN, in lung fibroblasts of mice. Taken together, HDAC3 upregulated IL17RA expression by targeting miR-19a-3p to facilitate the RA-ILD fibrosis development, which sheds light on a new HDAC3/miR-19a-3p/IL17RA axis functioning in RA-ILD fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Rheumatic Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Li Jiao
- Yanching Institute of Technology, Langfang, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Haifeng Duan
- Department of Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanrong Bai
- Department of Rheumatic Nephropathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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Song K, Li L, Quan Q, Wei Y, Hu S. Inhibited histone deacetylase 3 ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model by elevating microRNA-19a-3p and reducing cyclin-dependent kinase 2. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:2696-2709. [PMID: 33217223 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the years, the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in human diseases have been investigated. This study focused on the effect of miR-19a-3p and HDAC3 in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI) by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). METHODS The I/R rat models were established by coronary artery ligation, which were then treated with RGFP966 (an inhibitor of HDAC3), miR-19a-3p agomir or antagomir, or silenced CDK2 to explore their roles in the cardiac function, pathological changes of myocardial tissues, myocardial infarction area, inflammatory factors and oxidative stress factors in rats with MIRI. The expression of miR-19a-3p, HDAC3, and CDK2 was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot assay, and the interaction among which was also verified by online prediction, luciferase activity assay and ChIP assay. RESULTS The results indicated that HDAC3 and CDK2 were upregulated while miR-19a-3p was downregulated in myocardial tissues of I/R rats. The inhibited HDAC3/CDK2 or elevated miR-19a-3p could promote cardiac function, attenuate pathological changes, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, myocardial infarction area and apoptosis of myocardial tissues. HDAC3 mediates miR-19a-3p and CDK2 is targeted by miR-19a-3p. CONCLUSION Inhibited HDAC3 ameliorates MIRI in a rat model by elevating miR-19a-3p and reducing CDK2, which may contribute to the treatment of MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyou Song
- Cardiovascular Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Lianting Li
- Internal Medicine Department, Junan County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Qingqing Quan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yanjin Wei
- Cardiovascular Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shunpeng Hu
- Cardiovascular Department, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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Involvement of Hdac3-mediated inhibition of microRNA cluster 17-92 in bronchopulmonary dysplasia development. Mol Med 2020; 26:99. [PMID: 33143661 PMCID: PMC7640435 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of newborns, has been paradoxically rising despite medical advances. Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) has been reported to be a crucial regulator in alveologenesis. Hence, this study aims to investigate the mechanism of Hdac3 in the abnormal pulmonary angiogenesis and alveolarization of BPD. Methods A hyperoxia-induced BPD model of was developed in newborn mice, and primary lung fibroblasts were isolated from adult mice. Hdac3 was knocked out in vivo and knocked down in vitro, while microRNA (miR)-17 was downregulated in vivo and in vitro to clarify their roles in abnormal pulmonary angiogenesis and alveolarization. Mechanistic investigations were performed on the interplay of Hdac3, miR-17-92 cluster, enhancer of zeste homolog 1 (EZH1), p65 and placental growth factor (Pgf). Results Hdac3 was involved in abnormal alveolarization and angiogenesis in BPD mice. Further, the expression of the miR-17-92 cluster in BPD mice was downregulated by Hdac3. miR-17 was found to target EZH1, and Hdac3 rescued the inhibited EZH1 expression by miR-17 in lung fibroblasts. Additionally, EZH1 augmented Pgf expression by recruiting p65 thus enhancing the progression of BPD. Hdac3 augmented the recruitment of p65 in the Pgf promoter region through the miR-17/EZH1 axis, thus enhancing the transcription and expression of Pgf, which elicited abnormal angiogenesis and alveolarization of BPD mice. Conclusions Altogether, the present study revealed that Hdac3 activated the EZH1-p65-Pgf axis through inhibiting miR-17 in the miR-17-92 cluster, leading to accelerated abnormal pulmonary angiogenesis and alveolarization of BPD mice.
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Hu Q, Che G, Yang Y, Xie H, Tian J. Histone Deacetylase 3 Aggravates Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Inhibiting Lymphocyte Apoptosis Through the microRNA-296-5p/Bcl-xl Axis. Front Genet 2020; 11:536854. [PMID: 33240312 PMCID: PMC7667129 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.536854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in T1DM pathogenesis. Although histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been reported to be involved in T1DM, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the potential regulatory role of Hdac3 on T1DM progression. The expression of miR-296-5p and B-cell leukemia-XL (BCL-XL) was determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with T1DM, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and cycloheximide (CHX)-induced cell model, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model. The binding affinity between miR-296-5p and Bcl-xl was verified by using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, and the binding between Hdac3 and the promoter region of miR-296-5p was validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Western blot analysis and flow cytometry were conducted to assess the apoptotic events of lymphocytes. miR-296-5p expression was downregulated while BCL-XL expression was upregulated in PBMCs of patients with T1DM. An adverse correlation was identified between miR-296-5p and Bcl-xl in mouse TE15 B lymphocytes. Bcl-xl was further validated to be targeted and negatively regulated by miR-296-5p in 293 T cells. Hdac3 inhibited miR-296-5p expression by binding to its promoter region. The effects of overexpressed Hdac3 on lymphocyte apoptosis was counterweighed via downregulation of Bcl-xl or upregulation of miR-296-5p, the mechanism of which was further validated in a rat model of DM. Taken together, the Hdac3-mediated upregulation of Bcl-xl via inhibiting miR-296-5p promoter activity enhanced the anti-apoptotic capacity of lymphocytes to accelerate the occurrence of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibo Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghua Che
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongchang Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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43
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Szigety KM, Liu F, Yuan CY, Moran DJ, Horrell J, Gochnauer HR, Cohen RN, Katz JP, Kaestner KH, Seykora JT, Tobias JW, Lazar MA, Xu M, Millar SE. HDAC3 ensures stepwise epidermal stratification via NCoR/SMRT-reliant mechanisms independent of its histone deacetylase activity. Genes Dev 2020; 34:973-988. [PMID: 32467224 PMCID: PMC7328513 DOI: 10.1101/gad.333674.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, Szigety et al. investigated the function of histone deacetylases in epidermal development, and they found that HDAC3 operates in conjunction with KLF4 to repress inappropriate expression of Tgm1, Krt16, and Aqp3, and suppresses expression of inflammatory cytokines through a Rela-dependent mechanism. Their data identify HDAC3 as a hub coordinating multiple aspects of epidermal barrier acquisition. Chromatin modifiers play critical roles in epidermal development, but the functions of histone deacetylases in this context are poorly understood. The class I HDAC, HDAC3, is of particular interest because it plays divergent roles in different tissues by partnering with tissue-specific transcription factors. We found that HDAC3 is expressed broadly in embryonic epidermis and is required for its orderly stepwise stratification. HDAC3 protein stability in vivo relies on NCoR and SMRT, which function redundantly in epidermal development. However, point mutations in the NCoR and SMRT deacetylase-activating domains, which are required for HDAC3's enzymatic function, permit normal stratification, indicating that HDAC3's roles in this context are largely independent of its histone deacetylase activity. HDAC3-bound sites are significantly enriched for predicted binding motifs for critical epidermal transcription factors including AP1, GRHL, and KLF family members. Our results suggest that among these, HDAC3 operates in conjunction with KLF4 to repress inappropriate expression of Tgm1, Krt16, and Aqp3. In parallel, HDAC3 suppresses expression of inflammatory cytokines through a Rela-dependent mechanism. These data identify HDAC3 as a hub coordinating multiple aspects of epidermal barrier acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Szigety
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chase Y Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Deborah J Moran
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy Horrell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Heather R Gochnauer
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan P Katz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mingang Xu
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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44
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Castaldi A, Horie M, Rieger ME, Dubourd M, Sunohara M, Pandit K, Zhou B, Offringa IA, Marconett CN, Borok Z. Genome-wide integration of microRNA and transcriptomic profiles of differentiating human alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L173-L184. [PMID: 32432919 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00519.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar epithelium is comprised of two cell types, alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) cells, the latter being capable of self-renewal and transdifferentiation into AT1 cells for normal maintenance and restoration of epithelial integrity following injury. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of several biological processes, including cell differentiation; however, their role in establishment/maintenance of cellular identity in adult alveolar epithelium is not well understood. To investigate this question, we performed genome-wide analysis of sequential changes in miRNA and gene expression profiles using a well-established model in which human AT2 (hAT2) cells transdifferentiate into AT1-like cells over time in culture that recapitulates many aspects of transdifferentiation in vivo. We defined three phases of miRNA expression during the transdifferentiation process as "early," "late," and "consistently" changed, which were further subclassified as up- or downregulated. miRNAs with altered expression at all time points during transdifferentiation were the largest subgroup, suggesting the need for consistent regulation of signaling pathways to mediate this process. Target prediction analysis and integration with previously published gene expression data identified glucocorticoid signaling as the top pathway regulated by miRNAs. Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) emerged as a central regulatory factor, whose downregulation correlated temporally with gain of hsa-miR-424 and hsa-miR-503 expression. Functional validation demonstrated specific targeting of these miRNAs to the 3'-untranslated region of SGK1. These data demonstrate the time-related contribution of miRNAs to the alveolar transdifferentiation process and suggest that inhibition of glucocorticoid signaling is necessary to achieve the AT1-like cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Castaldi
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Megan E Rieger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mickael Dubourd
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mitsuhiro Sunohara
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kusum Pandit
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ite A Offringa
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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45
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miRNAs in Lung Development and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082765. [PMID: 32316149 PMCID: PMC7216056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the lung involves a diverse group of molecules that regulate cellular processes, organ formation, and maturation. The various stages of lung development are marked by accumulation of small RNAs that promote or repress underlying mechanisms, depending on the physiological environment in utero and postnatally. To some extent, the pathogenesis of various lung diseases is regulated by small RNAs. In this review, we discussed miRNAs regulation of lung development and diseases, that is, COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and also highlighted possible connotations for human lung health.
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Failure to Down-Regulate miR-154 Expression in Early Postnatal Mouse Lung Epithelium Suppresses Alveologenesis, with Changes in Tgf-β Signaling Similar to those Induced by Exposure to Hyperoxia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040859. [PMID: 32252341 PMCID: PMC7226730 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung disease of preterm born infants, characterized by alveolar simplification. MicroRNA (miR) are known to be involved in many biological and pathological processes in the lung. Although a changed expression has been described for several miR in BPD, a causal role remains to be established. RESULTS Our results showed that the expression level of miR-154 increases during lung development and decreases postnatally. Further, hyperoxia treatment maintains high levels of miR-154 in alveolar type 2 cells (AT2). We hypothesized that the decrease in miR-154 expression in AT2 cells is required for normal alveologenesis. To test this hypothesis, we generated a novel transgenic mouse allowing doxycycline-based miR-154 overexpression. Maintenance of miR-154 expression in the postnatal distal lung epithelium under normoxia conditions is sufficient to reproduce the hypoalveologenesis phenotype triggered by hyperoxia. Using a pull-down assay, we identified Caveolin1 as a key downstream target of miR-154. Caveolin1 protein is downregulated in response to overexpression of miR-154. This is associated with increased phosphorylation of Smad3 and Tgf-ß signaling. We found that AT2 cells overexpressing miR-154 display decreased expression of AT2 markers and increased expression of AT1 markers. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that down-regulation of miR-154 in postnatal lung may function as an important physiological switch that permits the induction of the correct alveolar developmental program, while conversely, failure to down-regulate miR-154 suppresses alveolarization, leading to the common clinically observed phenotype of alveolar simplification.
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Parimon T, Yao C, Stripp BR, Noble PW, Chen P. Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells as Drivers of Lung Fibrosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2269. [PMID: 32218238 PMCID: PMC7177323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT2) are a heterogeneous population that have critical secretory and regenerative roles in the alveolus to maintain lung homeostasis. However, impairment to their normal functional capacity and development of a pro-fibrotic phenotype has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A number of factors contribute to AT2 death and dysfunction. As a mucosal surface, AT2 cells are exposed to environmental stresses that can have lasting effects that contribute to fibrogenesis. Genetical risks have also been identified that can cause AT2 impairment and the development of lung fibrosis. Furthermore, aging is a final factor that adds to the pathogenic changes in AT2 cells. Here, we will discuss the homeostatic role of AT2 cells and the studies that have recently defined the heterogeneity of this population of cells. Furthermore, we will review the mechanisms of AT2 death and dysfunction in the context of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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48
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Fumoto K, Takigawa-Imamura H, Sumiyama K, Yoshimura SH, Maehara N, Kikuchi A. Mark1 regulates distal airspace expansion through type I pneumocyte flattening in lung development. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.235556. [PMID: 31719161 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the later stages of lung development, two types of pneumocytes, cuboidal type II (AECII) and flattened type I (AECI) alveolar epithelial cells, form distal lung saccules. Here, we highlight how fibroblasts expressing MAP-microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1 (Mark1) are required for the terminal stages of pulmonary development, called lung sacculation. In Mark1-knockout (KO) mice, distal sacculation and AECI flattening are significantly impaired. Fetal epithelial cells generate alveolar organoids and differentiate into pneumocytes when co-cultured with fibroblasts. However, the size of organoids decreased and AECI flattening was impaired in the presence of Mark1 KO fibroblasts. In Mark1 KO fibroblasts themselves, cilia formation and the Hedgehog pathway were suppressed, resulting in the loss of type I collagen expression. The addition of type I collagen restored AECI flattening in organoids co-cultured with Mark1 KO fibroblasts and rescued the decreased size of organoids. Mathematical modeling of distal lung sacculation supports the view that AECI flattening is necessary for the proper formation of saccule-like structures. These results suggest that Mark1-mediated fibroblast activation induces AECI flattening and thereby regulates distal lung sacculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Fumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisako Takigawa-Imamura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shige H Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Natsumi Maehara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Emmett MJ, Lazar MA. Integrative regulation of physiology by histone deacetylase 3. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:102-115. [PMID: 30390028 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-type-specific gene expression is physiologically modulated by the binding of transcription factors to genomic enhancer sequences, to which chromatin modifiers such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) are recruited. Drugs that inhibit HDACs are in clinical use but lack specificity. HDAC3 is a stoichiometric component of nuclear receptor co-repressor complexes whose enzymatic activity depends on this interaction. HDAC3 is required for many aspects of mammalian development and physiology, for example, for controlling metabolism and circadian rhythms. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which HDAC3 regulates cell type-specific enhancers, the structure of HDAC3 and its function as part of nuclear receptor co-repressors, its enzymatic activity and its post-translational modifications. We then discuss the plethora of tissue-specific physiological functions of HDAC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Emmett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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50
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Transcriptional control of lung alveolar type 1 cell development and maintenance by NK homeobox 2-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20545-20555. [PMID: 31548395 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906663116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinarily thin alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell constitutes nearly the entire gas exchange surface and allows passive diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. Despite such an essential role, the transcriptional network controlling AT1 cells remains unclear. Using cell-specific knockout mouse models, genomic profiling, and 3D imaging, we found that NK homeobox 2-1 (Nkx2-1) is expressed in AT1 cells and is required for the development and maintenance of AT1 cells. Without Nkx2-1, developing AT1 cells lose 3 defining features-molecular markers, expansive morphology, and cellular quiescence-leading to alveolar simplification and lethality. NKX2-1 is also cell-autonomously required for the same 3 defining features in mature AT1 cells. Intriguingly, Nkx2-1 mutant AT1 cells activate gastrointestinal (GI) genes and form dense microvilli-like structures apically. Single-cell RNA-seq supports a linear transformation of Nkx2-1 mutant AT1 cells toward a GI fate. Whole lung ChIP-seq shows NKX2-1 binding to 68% of genes that are down-regulated upon Nkx2-1 deletion, including 93% of known AT1 genes, but near-background binding to up-regulated genes. Our results place NKX2-1 at the top of the AT1 cell transcriptional hierarchy and demonstrate remarkable plasticity of an otherwise terminally differentiated cell type.
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