1
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Shi DL. Interplay of RNA-binding proteins controls germ cell development in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00163-2. [PMID: 38969260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The specification of germ cells in zebrafish mostly relies on an inherited mechanism by which localized maternal determinants, called germ plasm, confer germline fate in the early embryo. Extensive studies have partially allowed the identification of key regulators governing germ plasm formation and subsequent germ cell development. RNA-binding proteins, acting in concert with other germ plasm components, play essential roles in the organization of the germ plasm and the specification, migration, maintenance, and differentiation of primordial germ cells. The loss of their functions impairs germ cell formation and causes sterility or sexual conversion. Evidence is emerging that they instruct germline development through differential regulation of mRNA fates in somatic and germ cells. However, the challenge remains to decipher the complex interplay of maternal germ plasm components in germ plasm compartmentalization and germ cell specification. Since failure to control the developmental outcome of germ cells disrupts the formation of gametes, it is important to gain a complete picture of regulatory mechanisms operating in the germ cell lineage. This review sheds light on the contributions of RNA-binding proteins to germ cell development in zebrafish and highlights intriguing questions that remain open for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Li Shi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS-UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France.
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2
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Pamula MC, Lehmann R. How germ granules promote germ cell fate. Nat Rev Genet 2024:10.1038/s41576-024-00744-8. [PMID: 38890558 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Germ cells are the only cells in the body capable of giving rise to a new organism, and this totipotency hinges on their ability to assemble membraneless germ granules. These specialized RNA and protein complexes are hallmarks of germ cells throughout their life cycle: as embryonic germ granules in late oocytes and zygotes, Balbiani bodies in immature oocytes, and nuage in maturing gametes. Decades of developmental, genetic and biochemical studies have identified protein and RNA constituents unique to germ granules and have implicated these in germ cell identity, genome integrity and gamete differentiation. Now, emerging research is defining germ granules as biomolecular condensates that achieve high molecular concentrations by phase separation, and it is assigning distinct roles to germ granules during different stages of germline development. This organization of the germ cell cytoplasm into cellular subcompartments seems to be critical not only for the flawless continuity through the germline life cycle within the developing organism but also for the success of the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Okamura D, Kohara A, Chigi Y, Katayama T, Sharif J, Wu J, Ito-Matsuoka Y, Matsui Y. p38 MAPK as a gatekeeper of reprogramming in mouse migratory primordial germ cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410177. [PMID: 38911025 PMCID: PMC11191381 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian germ cells are derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) and ensure species continuity through generations. Unlike irreversible committed mature germ cells, migratory PGCs exhibit a latent pluripotency characterized by the ability to derive embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and form teratoma. Here, we show that inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by chemical compounds in mouse migratory PGCs enables derivation of chemically induced Embryonic Germ-like Cells (cEGLCs) that do not require conventional growth factors like LIF and FGF2/Activin-A, and possess unique naïve pluripotent-like characteristics with epiblast features and chimera formation potential. Furthermore, cEGLCs are regulated by a unique PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, distinct from conventional naïve pluripotent stem cells described previously. Consistent with this notion, we show by performing ex vivo analysis that inhibition of p38 MAPK in organ culture supports the survival and proliferation of PGCs and also potentially reprograms PGCs to acquire indefinite proliferative capabilities, marking these cells as putative teratoma-producing cells. These findings highlight the utility of our ex vivo model in mimicking in vivo teratoma formation, thereby providing valuable insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. Taken together, our research underscores a key role of p38 MAPK in germ cell development, maintaining proper cell fate by preventing unscheduled pluripotency and teratoma formation with a balance between proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Aoi Kohara
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuta Chigi
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoka Katayama
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Jafar Sharif
- Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yumi Ito-Matsuoka
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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4
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Prazdnikov DV, Kondakova EA. Investigation of extragonadal teratomas in two Poecilia wingei. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13929. [PMID: 38291575 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Teratoma is a rare tumour in fish consisting of tissues from more than one germ layer, that may be located in either the gonads or extragonadal sites. Teratomas in many fish species remain poorly understood. In this work, we performed the first histological examinations of extragonadal teratomas in Poecilia wingei and also examined the influence of a large teratoma on male sexual activity. The studied teratomas shared general organizational features, but they also had variations in both external and internal features. In teratomas, the most common and highly differentiated tissues were striated muscle and nervous tissue. Despite the tumour, the male P. wingei exhibited normal mating behaviour and retained the ability for successful copulation. The structural features of extragonadal teratomas in guppy fish indicate a possible connection between these tumours and a failure of conserved processes operating in the embryonic germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Prazdnikov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kondakova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Branch of the FSBSI «VNIRO» («GosNIORKH» named after L.S. Berg), Saint Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Yazawa R, Saitoh K, Yamauchi A, Eyüboğlu O, Ozawa K, Kawamura W, Morita T, Takeuchi Y, Yoshizaki G. Reproductive Characteristics and Suitability of Sterile dead end Knockout Nibe Croaker as a Recipient for Intraperitoneal Germ Cell Transplantation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10126-024-10323-x. [PMID: 38691270 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The use of sterile recipients is crucial for efficiently producing donor-derived offspring through surrogate broodstock technology for practical aquaculture applications. Although knockout (KO) of the dead end (dnd) gene has been used in previous studies as a sterilization method, it has not been reported in marine fish. In this study, nibe croaker was utilized as a model for marine teleosts that produce small pelagic eggs, and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system was utilized to produce dnd KO fish. The F1 generation, which carried a nonsense mutation in the dnd gene, was produced by mating founder individuals with wild-type counterparts. Subsequently, the F2 generation was produced by mating the resulting males and females. Among the F2 generations, 24.0% consisted of homozygous KO individuals. Histological analysis revealed that primordial germ cells (PGCs) were present in homozygous KO individuals at 10 days post-hatching (dph), similar to wild-type individuals. However, by 20 dph, PGCs were absent in KO individuals. Furthermore, no germ cells were observed in the gonads of both sexes of homozygous KO individuals at 6 months old, which is the typical maturity age for wild-type individuals of both sexes. In addition, when cryopreserved donor nibe croaker testicular cells were transplanted, only donor-derived offspring were successfully obtained through the spontaneous mating of homozygous KO recipient parents. Results indicate that dnd KO nibe croaker lacks germ cells and can serve as promising recipients, producing only donor-derived gametes as surrogate broodstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Yazawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
- Institute for Reproductive Biotechnology for Aquatic Species, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Kyoichiro Saitoh
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamauchi
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Onur Eyüboğlu
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Kana Ozawa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Wataru Kawamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Morita
- Institute for Reproductive Biotechnology for Aquatic Species, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeuchi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Goro Yoshizaki
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
- Institute for Reproductive Biotechnology for Aquatic Species, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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6
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Cassani M, Seydoux G. P-body-like condensates in the germline. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 157:24-32. [PMID: 37407370 PMCID: PMC10761593 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
P-bodies are cytoplasmic condensates that accumulate low-translation mRNAs for temporary storage before translation or degradation. P-bodies have been best characterized in yeast and mammalian tissue culture cells. We describe here related condensates in the germline of animal models. Germline P-bodies have been reported at all stages of germline development from primordial germ cells to gametes. The activity of the universal germ cell fate regulator, Nanos, is linked to the mRNA decay function of P-bodies, and spatially-regulated condensation of P-body like condensates in embryos is required to localize mRNA regulators to primordial germ cells. In most cases, however, it is not known whether P-bodies represent functional compartments or non-functional condensation by-products that arise when ribonucleoprotein complexes saturate the cytoplasm. We speculate that the ubiquity of P-body-like condensates in germ cells reflects the strong reliance of the germline on cytoplasmic, rather than nuclear, mechanisms of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Cassani
- HHMI and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Geraldine Seydoux
- HHMI and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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7
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Barton LJ, Roa-de la Cruz L, Lehmann R, Lin B. The journey of a generation: advances and promises in the study of primordial germ cell migration. Development 2024; 151:dev201102. [PMID: 38607588 PMCID: PMC11165723 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The germline provides the genetic and non-genetic information that passes from one generation to the next. Given this important role in species propagation, egg and sperm precursors, called primordial germ cells (PGCs), are one of the first cell types specified during embryogenesis. In fact, PGCs form well before the bipotential somatic gonad is specified. This common feature of germline development necessitates that PGCs migrate through many tissues to reach the somatic gonad. During their journey, PGCs must respond to select environmental cues while ignoring others in a dynamically developing embryo. The complex multi-tissue, combinatorial nature of PGC migration is an excellent model for understanding how cells navigate complex environments in vivo. Here, we discuss recent findings on the migratory path, the somatic cells that shepherd PGCs, the guidance cues somatic cells provide, and the PGC response to these cues to reach the gonad and establish the germline pool for future generations. We end by discussing the fate of wayward PGCs that fail to reach the gonad in diverse species. Collectively, this field is poised to yield important insights into emerging reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacy J. Barton
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Lorena Roa-de la Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin Lin
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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8
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Divyanshi, Yang J. Germ plasm dynamics during oogenesis and early embryonic development in Xenopus and zebrafish. Mol Reprod Dev 2023:10.1002/mrd.23718. [PMID: 38126950 PMCID: PMC11190040 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Specification of the germline and its segregation from the soma mark one of the most crucial events in the lifetime of an organism. In different organisms, this specification can occur through either inheritance or inductive mechanisms. In species such as Xenopus and zebrafish, the specification of primordial germ cells relies on the inheritance of maternal germline determinants that are synthesized and sequestered in the germ plasm during oogenesis. In this review, we discuss the formation of the germ plasm, how germline determinants are recruited into the germ plasm during oogenesis, and the dynamics of the germ plasm during oogenesis and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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9
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Wang X, Zhu J, Wang H, Deng W, Jiao S, Wang Y, He M, Zhang F, Liu T, Hao Y, Ye D, Sun Y. Induced formation of primordial germ cells from zebrafish blastomeres by germplasm factors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7918. [PMID: 38097571 PMCID: PMC10721796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of genome editing and primordial germ cell (PGC) transplantation has enormous significance in the study of developmental biology and genetic breeding, despite its low efficiency due to limited number of donor PGCs. Here, we employ a combination of germplasm factors to convert blastoderm cells into induced PGCs (iPGCs) in zebrafish and obtain functional gametes either through iPGC transplantation or via the single blastomere overexpression of germplasm factors. Zebrafish-derived germplasm factors convert blastula cells of Gobiocypris rarus into iPGCs, and Gobiocypris rarus spermatozoa can be produced by iPGC-transplanted zebrafish. Moreover, the combination of genome knock-in and iPGC transplantation perfectly resolves the contradiction between high knock-in efficiency and early lethality during embryonic stages and greatly improves the efficiency of genome knock-in. Together, we present an efficient method for generating PGCs in a teleost, a technique that will have a strong impact in basic research and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Houpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenqi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengbo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mudan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongkang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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10
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Rosero J, Monzani PS, Pessoa GP, Coelho GCZ, Carvalho GB, López LS, Senhorini JA, Dos Santos SCA, Yasui GS. Traceability of primordial germ cells in three neotropical fish species aiming genetic conservation actions. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023:10.1007/s10695-023-01279-1. [PMID: 38060079 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic pluripotent cells that can differentiate into spermatogonia and oogonia, and therefore, PGCs are a genetic source for germplasm conservation through cryobanking and the generation of germline chimeras. The knowledge of PGC migration routes is essential for transplantation studies. In this work, the mRNA synthesized from the ddx4 3'UTR sequence of Pseudopimelodus mangurus, in fusion with gfp or dsred, was microinjected into zygotes of three neotropical species (P. mangurus, Astyanax altiparanae, and Prochilodus lineatus) for PGC labeling. Visualization of labeled PGCs was achieved by fluorescence microscopy during embryonic development. In addition, ddx4 and dnd1 expressions were evaluated during embryonic development, larvae, and adult tissues of P. mangurus, to validate their use as a PGC marker. As a result, the effective identification of presumptive PGCs was obtained. DsRed-positive PGC of P. mangurus was observed in the hatching stage, GFP-positive PGC of A. altiparanae in the gastrula stage, and GFP-positive PGCs from P. lineatus were identified at the segmentation stage, with representative labeling percentages of 29% and 16% in A. altiparanae and P. lineatus, respectively. The expression of ddx4 and dnd1 of P. mangurus confirmed the specificity of these genes in germ cells. These results point to the functionality of the P. mangurus ddx4 3'UTR sequence as a PGC marker, demonstrating that PGC labeling was more efficient in A. altiparanae and P. lineatus. The procedures used to identify PGCs in P. mangurus consolidate the first step for generating germinal chimeras as a conservation action of P. mangurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenyffer Rosero
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Sérgio Monzani
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pessanha Pessoa
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Carla Zacheo Coelho
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Braga Carvalho
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Suárez López
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Senhorini
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - George Shigueki Yasui
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Razmi K, Mousavi SE, Patil JG. Paternal source of germ plasm determinants in the viviparous teleost, Gambusia holbrooki; dads do matter. Dev Biol 2023; 502:14-19. [PMID: 37385406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The identity of germ cells, the progenitors of life, is thought to be acquired by two modes; either by maternal signals (preformed) or induced de novo from pluripotent cells (epigenesis) in the developing embryos. However, paternal roles seem enshrouded or completely overlooked in this fundamental biological process. Hence, we investigated the presence of germplasm transcripts in the sperm of Gambusia holbrooki, a live-bearing fish, demonstrating their presence and suggesting paternal contributions. Interestingly, not all germplasm markers were present (nanos1 and tdrd6) in the sperm, but some were conspicuous (dazl, dnd-α, piwi II, and vasa), indicating that the latter is required for establishing germ cell identity in the progeny, with a possible parent-specific role. Furthermore, there were also spatial differences in the distribution of these determinants, suggesting additional roles in sperm physiology and/or fertility. Our results support the hypothesis that dads also play a vital role in establishing the germ cell identity, especially in G. holbrooki, which shares elements of both preformation and induction modes of germline determination. This, coupled with its life history traits, makes G. holbrooki an excellent system for dissecting evolutionary relationships between the two germline determination modes, their underpinning mechanisms and ultimately the perpetuity of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komeil Razmi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS, 7053, Australia
| | - Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS, 7053, Australia
| | - Jawahar G Patil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS, 7053, Australia.
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12
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Westerich KJ, Tarbashevich K, Schick J, Gupta A, Zhu M, Hull K, Romo D, Zeuschner D, Goudarzi M, Gross-Thebing T, Raz E. Spatial organization and function of RNA molecules within phase-separated condensates in zebrafish are controlled by Dnd1. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1578-1592.e5. [PMID: 37463577 PMCID: PMC10528888 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Germ granules, condensates of phase-separated RNA and protein, are organelles that are essential for germline development in different organisms. The patterning of the granules and their relevance for germ cell fate are not fully understood. Combining three-dimensional in vivo structural and functional analyses, we study the dynamic spatial organization of molecules within zebrafish germ granules. We find that the localization of RNA molecules to the periphery of the granules, where ribosomes are localized, depends on translational activity at this location. In addition, we find that the vertebrate-specific Dead end (Dnd1) protein is essential for nanos3 RNA localization at the condensates' periphery. Accordingly, in the absence of Dnd1, or when translation is inhibited, nanos3 RNA translocates into the granule interior, away from the ribosomes, a process that is correlated with the loss of germ cell fate. These findings highlight the relevance of sub-granule compartmentalization for post-transcriptional control and its importance for preserving germ cell totipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Joana Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antra Gupta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Kenneth Hull
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mohammad Goudarzi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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13
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Golkar-Narenji A, Dziegiel P, Kempisty B, Petitte J, Mozdziak PE, Bryja A. In vitro culture of reptile PGCS to preserve endangered species. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1314-1326. [PMID: 37178380 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs), are the source of gametes in vertebrates. There are similarities in the development of PGCs of reptiles with avian and mammalian species PGCs development. PGCs culture has been performed for avian and mammalian species but there is no report for reptilian PGCs culture. In vitro culture of PGCs is needed to produce transgenic animals, preservation of endangered animals and for studies on cell behaviour and research on fertility. Reptiles are traded as exotic pets and a source of food and they are valuable for their skin and they are useful as model for medical research. Transgenic reptile has been suggested to be useful for pet industry and medical research. In this research different aspects of PGCs development was compared in three main classes of vertebrates including mammalian, avian and reptilian species. It is proposed that a discussion on similarities between reptilian PGCs development with avian and mammalian species helps to find clues for studies of reptilian PGCs development details and finding an efficient protocol for in vitro culture of reptilian PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Golkar-Narenji
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Histology and Embryology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
- Graduate Physiology Program NC State University North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
| | - James Petitte
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Edward Mozdziak
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Graduate Physiology Program NC State University North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artur Bryja
- Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Division of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
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14
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Westerich KJ, Tarbashevich K, Schick J, Gupta A, Zhu M, Hull K, Romo D, Zeuschner D, Goudarzi M, Gross-Thebing T, Raz E. Spatial organization and function of RNA molecules within phase-separated condensates are controlled by Dnd1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.09.548244. [PMID: 37461638 PMCID: PMC10350045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.09.548244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Germ granules, condensates of phase-separated RNA and protein, are organelles essential for germline development in different organisms The patterning of the granules and its relevance for germ cell fate are not fully understood. Combining three-dimensional in vivo structural and functional analyses, we study the dynamic spatial organization of molecules within zebrafish germ granules. We find that localization of RNA molecules to the periphery of the granules, where ribosomes are localized depends on translational activity at this location. In addition, we find that the vertebrate-specific Dead end (Dnd1) protein is essential for nanos3 RNA localization at the condensates' periphery. Accordingly, in the absence of Dnd1, or when translation is inhibited, nanos3 RNA translocates into the granule interior, away from the ribosomes, a process that is correlated with loss of germ cell fate. These findings highlight the relevance of sub-granule compartmentalization for posttranscriptional control, and its importance for preserving germ cell totipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Joana Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katsiaryna Tarbashevich
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Schick
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Antra Gupta
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Kenneth Hull
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Baylor Synthesis and Drug-Lead Discovery Laboratory, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mohammad Goudarzi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster; 48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
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15
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Seki S, Ohura K, Miyazaki T, Naser AA, Takabayashi S, Tsutsumi E, Tokumoto T. The Mc4r gene is responsible for the development of experimentally induced testicular teratomas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6756. [PMID: 37127675 PMCID: PMC10151343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Teratomas in mice, composed of different tissue types, are derived from primordial germ cells in the fetal gonads. Previously, we identified a locus responsible for experimental testicular teratoma (ETT) formation on chromosome 18, referred to as ett1. The strongest candidate sequence in the ett1 locus was found to be a missense mutation in the melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r), Mc4rG25S. We established a strain with a point mutation in the Mc4r gene in the ETT-nonsusceptible LT strain, called LT- Mc4rG25S, by genome editing. Surprisingly, highly developed ovarian teratomas (OTs), rather than testicular teratomas, appeared in the LT-Mc4rG25S strain. The results demonstrated that Mc4r is also one of the genes responsible for OT formation and suggested that missense mutations in Mc4r promote teratoma formation in both sexes. In this study, we performed ETT experiments in different host-graft combinations of the LT-Mc4rG25S and LT strains. Furthermore, the expression of MC4R in germ cells in the testis was demonstrated. Expression of Mc4r in testis was also confirmed by RT-PCR. The results demonstrated that MC4R is expressed in germ cells in the testis and that a point mutation in the Mc4r gene is responsible for ETT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunsuke Seki
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ohura
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422, Japan
| | - Takehiro Miyazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Abdullah An Naser
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422, Japan
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-Ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Eisei Tsutsumi
- Biological Science Course, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422, Japan.
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Biological Science Course, Department of Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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16
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Ruthig VA, Hatkevich T, Hardy J, Friedersdorf MB, Mayère C, Nef S, Keene JD, Capel B. The RNA binding protein DND1 is elevated in a subpopulation of pro-spermatogonia and targets chromatin modifiers and translational machinery during late gestation. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010656. [PMID: 36857387 PMCID: PMC10010562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
DND1 is essential to maintain germ cell identity. Loss of Dnd1 function results in germ cell differentiation to teratomas in some inbred strains of mice or to somatic fates in zebrafish. Using our knock-in mouse line in which a functional fusion protein between DND1 and GFP is expressed from the endogenous locus (Dnd1GFP), we distinguished two male germ cell (MGC) populations during late gestation cell cycle arrest (G0), consistent with recent reports of heterogeneity among MGCs. Most MGCs express lower levels of DND1-GFP (DND1-GFP-lo), but some MGCs express elevated levels of DND1-GFP (DND1-GFP-hi). A RNA-seq time course confirmed high Dnd1 transcript levels in DND1-GFP-hi cells along with 5-10-fold higher levels for multiple epigenetic regulators. Using antibodies against DND1-GFP for RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-sequencing, we identified multiple epigenetic and translational regulators that are binding targets of DND1 during G0 including DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts), histone deacetylases (Hdacs), Tudor domain proteins (Tdrds), actin dependent regulators (Smarcs), and a group of ribosomal and Golgi proteins. These data suggest that in DND1-GFP-hi cells, DND1 hosts coordinating mRNA regulons that consist of functionally related and localized groups of epigenetic enzymes and translational components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Ruthig
- Sexual Medicine Lab, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Talia Hatkevich
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Josiah Hardy
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Friedersdorf
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chloé Mayère
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jack D. Keene
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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17
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Ichikawa K, Horiuchi H. Fate Decisions of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs): Development, Integrity, Sex Determination, and Self-Renewal Mechanisms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030612. [PMID: 36980885 PMCID: PMC10048776 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursor cells of sperm and eggs. The fate decisions of chicken PGCs in terms of their development, integrity, and sex determination have unique features, thereby providing insights into evolutionary developmental biology. Additionally, fate decisions in the context of a self-renewal mechanism have been applied to establish culture protocols for chicken PGCs, enabling the production of genome-edited chickens and the conservation of genetic resources. Thus, studies on the fate decisions of chicken PGCs have significantly contributed to both academic and industrial development. Furthermore, studies on fate decisions have rapidly advanced owing to the recent development of essential research technologies, such as genome editing and RNA sequencing. Here, we reviewed the status of fate decisions of chicken PGCs and provided insight into other important research issues that require attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Ichikawa
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiroyuki Horiuchi
- Genome Editing Innovation Center, Hiroshima University, 3-10-23 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Hiroshima, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Hiroshima, Japan
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18
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Truszkowski L, Batur D, Long H, Tarbashevich K, Vos BE, Trappmann B, Raz E. Primordial germ cells adjust their protrusion type while migrating in different tissue contexts in vivo. Development 2023; 150:286614. [PMID: 36515556 PMCID: PMC10110502 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In both physiological processes and disease contexts, migrating cells have the ability to adapt to conditions in their environment. As an in vivo model for this process, we use zebrafish primordial germ cells that migrate throughout the developing embryo. When migrating within an ectodermal environment, the germ cells form fewer and smaller blebs when compared with their behavior within mesodermal environment. We find that cortical tension of neighboring cells is a parameter that affects blebbing frequency. Interestingly, the change in blebbing activity is accompanied by the formation of more actin-rich protrusions. These alterations in cell behavior that correlate with changes in RhoA activity could allow the cells to maintain dynamic motility parameters, such as migration speed and track straightness, in different settings. In addition, we find that the polarity of the cells can be affected by stiff structures positioned in their migration path This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Truszkowski
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dilek Batur
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hongyan Long
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Bart E Vos
- Third Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg August University Göttingen, D-37007 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Trappmann
- Bioactive Materials Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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19
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Chu WK, Huang SC, Chang CF, Wu JL, Gong HY. Infertility control of transgenic fluorescent zebrafish with targeted mutagenesis of the dnd1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1029200. [PMID: 36713075 PMCID: PMC9881232 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1029200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic technology and selective breeding have great potential for the genetic breeding in both edible fish and ornamental fish. The development of infertility control technologies in transgenic fish and farmed fish is the critical issue to prevent the gene flow with wild relatives. In this study, we report the genome editing of the dead end (dnd1) gene in the zebrafish model, using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to achieve a loss-of-function mutation in both wild-type zebrafish and transgenic fluorescent zebrafish to develop complete infertility control technology of farmed fish and transgenic fish. We effectively performed targeted mutagenesis in the dnd1 gene of zebrafish with a single gRNA, which resulted in a small deletion (-7 bp) or insertion (+41 bp) in exon 2, leading to a null mutation. Heterozygotes and homozygotes of dnd1-knockout zebrafish were both selected by genotyping in the F 1 and F 2 generations. Based on a comparison of histological sections of the gonads between wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous dnd1 zebrafish mutants, the dnd1 homozygous mutation (aa) resulted in the loss of germ cells. Still, there was no difference between the wild-type (AA) and dnd1 heterozygous (Aa) zebrafish. The homozygous dnd1 mutants of adult zebrafish and transgenic fluorescent zebrafish became all male, which had normal courtship behavior to induce wild-type female zebrafish spawning. However, they both had no sperm to fertilize the spawned eggs from wild-type females. Thus, all the unfertilized eggs died within 10 h. The targeted mutagenesis of the dnd1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is stably heritable by crossing of fertile heterozygous mutants to obtain sterile homozygous mutants. It can be applied in the infertility control of transgenic fluorescent fish and genetically improved farmed fish by selective breeding to promote ecologically responsible aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kwan Chu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chin Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Hong-Yi Gong,
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20
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The solution structure of Dead End bound to AU-rich RNA reveals an unusual mode of tandem RRM-RNA recognition required for mRNA regulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5892. [PMID: 36202814 PMCID: PMC9537309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dead End (DND1) is an RNA-binding protein essential for germline development through its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. The molecular mechanisms behind selection and regulation of its targets are unknown. Here, we present the solution structure of DND1's tandem RNA Recognition Motifs (RRMs) bound to AU-rich RNA. The structure reveals how an NYAYUNN element is specifically recognized, reconciling seemingly contradictory sequence motifs discovered in recent genome-wide studies. RRM1 acts as a main binding platform, including atypical extensions to the canonical RRM fold. RRM2 acts cooperatively with RRM1, capping the RNA using an unusual binding pocket, leading to an unusual mode of tandem RRM-RNA recognition. We show that the consensus motif is sufficient to mediate upregulation of a reporter gene in human cells and that this process depends not only on RNA binding by the RRMs, but also on DND1's double-stranded RNA binding domain (dsRBD), which is dispensable for binding of a subset of targets in cellulo. Our results point to a model where DND1 target selection is mediated by a non-canonical mode of AU-rich RNA recognition by the tandem RRMs and a role for the dsRBD in the recruitment of effector complexes responsible for target regulation.
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21
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Xu C, Li Y, Wen Z, Jawad M, Gui L, Li M. Spinyhead Croaker Germ Cells Gene dnd Visualizes Primordial Germ Cells in Medaka. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081226. [PMID: 36013405 PMCID: PMC9409898 DOI: 10.3390/life12081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinyhead croaker (Collichthys lucidus) is an economically important fish suffering from population decline caused by overfishing and habitat destruction. Researches on the development of primordial germ cell (PGC) and reproduction biology were an emergency for the long-term conservation of the involved species. Dead end (dnd) gene plays an indispensable role in PGC specification, maintenance, and development. In the current study, we report the cloning and expression patterns of dnd in C. lucidus (Cldnd). RT-PCR analysis revealed that Cldnd was specifically expressed in both sexual gonads. In the ovary, Cldnd RNA was uniformly distributed in the oocytes and abundant in oogonia, and gradually decreased with oogenesis. A similar expression pattern was also detected in testis. Dual fluorescent in situ hybridization of Cldnd and Clvasa demonstrated that they almost had the same distribution except in oocytes at stage I, in which the vasa RNA aggregated into some particles. Furthermore, Cldnd 3' UTR was sufficient to guide the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) specifically and stably expressed in the PGCs of medaka. These findings offer insight into that Cldnd is an evolutionarily conserved germline-specific gene and even a potential candidate for PGC manipulation in C. lucidus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Main Building, QiLu Innovalley Incubator, High-Tech Industry Development Zone, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zhengshun Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.L.)
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22
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Fujihara R, Katayama N, Sadaie S, Miwa M, Sanchez Matias GA, Ichida K, Fujii W, Naito K, Hayashi M, Yoshizaki G. Production of Germ Cell-Less Rainbow Trout by dead end Gene Knockout and their Use as Recipients for Germ Cell Transplantation. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:417-429. [PMID: 35380303 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10128-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In germ cell transplantation experiments, the use of sterile recipients that do not produce their own gametes is an important prerequisite. Triploidization and dnd gene knockdown (KD) methods have been widely used to produce sterile fish. However, triploidization does not produce complete sterility in some fish species, and gene KD is labor and time intensive since it requires microinjection into individual fertilized eggs. To overcome these problems, in this study, we generated homozygous mutants of the dead end (dnd) gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using the clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, analyzed their reproductive capacity, and evaluated their suitability as recipients for germ cell transplantation. By crossing F1 heterozygous mutants produced from founders subjected to genome editing, an F2 generation consisting of approximately 1/4 homozygous knockout mutants (dnd KO) was obtained. The dnd KO hatchlings retained the same number of primordial germ cells (PGCs) as the wild-type (WT) individuals, after which the number gradually decreased. At 1 year of age, germ cells were completely absent in all analyzed individuals. To evaluate the dnd KO individuals as recipients for germ cell transplantation, germ cells prepared from donor individuals were transplanted into the abdominal cavity of dnd KO hatchlings. These cells migrated to the recipient gonads, where they initiated gametogenesis. The mature recipient individuals produced only donor-derived sperm and eggs in equivalent numbers to WT rainbow trout. These results indicate that dnd KO rainbow trout are suitable recipient candidates possessing a high capacity to nurse donor-derived germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujihara
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Naoto Katayama
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sadaie
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Misako Miwa
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Gabriela Angelica Sanchez Matias
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ichida
- Institute for Reproductive Biotechnology for Aquatic Species (IRBAS), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Naito
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Goro Yoshizaki
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
- Institute for Reproductive Biotechnology for Aquatic Species (IRBAS), Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
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23
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Hou M, Feng K, Luo H, Jiang Y, Xu W, Li Y, Song Y, Chen J, Tao B, Zhu Z, Hu W. Complete Depletion of Primordial Germ Cells Results in Masculinization of Monopterus albus, a Protogynous Hermaphroditic Fish. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:320-334. [PMID: 35303208 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) play an important role in sexual fate determination and gonadal development in gonochoristic fish, such as zebrafish and medaka. However, little is known about the function of PGCs in hermaphroditic fish. Rice field eel (Monopterus albus), a protogynous hermaphroditic fish, is an economically valuable aquaculture species. We eliminated PGCs in rice field eels during embryogenesis via morpholino-mediated knockdown dead end (dnd). The PGCs-depleted gonads developed into testis-like structures with Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. The gene expression pattern of 15-month-old PGCs-depleted gonads showed that male-biased genes, dmrt1, sox9a, gsdf, and amh, were significantly higher than that of the WT, whereas female-biased genes, foxl2 and cyp19a1a, were significantly decreased. These results indicate that PGCs are essential for ovarian differentiation in rice field eel, and PGCs-depleted gonads develop into sterile males without undergoing the female and intersex stages. Our study is the first to identify the role of PGCs in sex differentiation in rice field eel, a protogynous hermaphrodite teleost. And it is of great significance in rice field eel for discovering the underlying mechanism of sex differentiation and establishing sex control technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongrui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yinjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Binbin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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24
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Graf M, Interlandi M, Moreno N, Holdhof D, Göbel C, Melcher V, Mertins J, Albert TK, Kastrati D, Alfert A, Holsten T, de Faria F, Meisterernst M, Rossig C, Warmuth-Metz M, Nowak J, Meyer Zu Hörste G, Mayère C, Nef S, Johann P, Frühwald MC, Dugas M, Schüller U, Kerl K. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies potential cells of origin of MYC rhabdoid tumors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1544. [PMID: 35318328 PMCID: PMC8941154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare and highly aggressive pediatric neoplasms. Their epigenetically-driven intertumoral heterogeneity is well described; however, the cellular origin of RT remains an enigma. Here, we establish and characterize different genetically engineered mouse models driven under the control of distinct promoters and being active in early progenitor cell types with diverse embryonic onsets. From all models only Sox2-positive progenitor cells give rise to murine RT. Using single-cell analyses, we identify distinct cells of origin for the SHH and MYC subgroups of RT, rooting in early stages of embryogenesis. Intra- and extracranial MYC tumors harbor common genetic programs and potentially originate from fetal primordial germ cells (PGCs). Using PGC specific Smarcb1 knockout mouse models we validate that MYC RT originate from these progenitor cells. We uncover an epigenetic imbalance in MYC tumors compared to PGCs being sustained by epigenetically-driven subpopulations. Importantly, treatments with the DNA demethylating agent decitabine successfully impair tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our work sheds light on the origin of RT and supports the clinical relevance of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors against this disease. Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are aggressive paediatric cancers with yet unknown cells of origin. Here, the authors establish genetically engineered mouse models of RT and, using single-cell RNA-seq and epigenomics, identify potential cells of origin for the SHH and MYC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Graf
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marta Interlandi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Moreno
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dörthe Holdhof
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Göbel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Melcher
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julius Mertins
- Department of Neurology, Schlosspark-Klinik, 14059, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas K Albert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Kastrati
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Amelie Alfert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Holsten
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Flavia de Faria
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Brasìlia, 70684-831, Brasìlia, Brazil
| | - Michael Meisterernst
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rossig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Warmuth-Metz
- Neuroradiological Reference Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Neuroradiological Reference Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,SRH Poliklinik Gera GmbH, Radiological Practice Gotha, Gotha, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Chloe Mayère
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Johann
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael C Frühwald
- Swabian Children's Cancer Center, Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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25
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Razmi K, Patil JG. Primordial Germ Cell Development in the Poeciliid, Gambusia holbrooki, Reveals Shared Features Between Lecithotrophs and Matrotrophs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:793498. [PMID: 35300414 PMCID: PMC8920993 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.793498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metazoans exhibit two modes of primordial germ cell (PGC) specification that are interspersed across taxa. However, the evolutionary link between the two modes and the reproductive strategies of lecithotrophy and matrotrophy is poorly understood. As a first step to understand this, the spatio-temporal expression of teleostean germ plasm markers was investigated in Gambusia holbrooki, a poecilid with shared lecitho- and matrotrophy. A group of germ plasm components was detected in the ovum suggesting maternal inheritance mode of PGC specification. However, the strictly zygotic activation of dnd-β and nanos1 occurred relatively early, reminiscent of models with induction mode (e.g., mice). The PGC clustering, migration and colonisation patterns of G. holbrooki resembled those of zebrafish, medaka and mice at blastula, gastrula and somitogenesis, respectively—recapitulating features of advancing evolutionary nodes with progressive developmental stages. Moreover, the expression domains of PGC markers in G. holbrooki were either specific to teleost (vasa expression in developing PGCs), murine models (dnd spliced variants) or shared between the two taxa (germline and somatic expression of piwi and nanos1). Collectively, the results suggest that the reproductive developmental adaptations may reflect a transition from lecithotrophy to matrotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komeil Razmi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS, Australia
| | - Jawahar G Patil
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS, Australia
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26
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Du S, Zhou L, Wang X, Xu S, Li J, Song Z, Liu Q. Characterization of vasa and dnd homologs in summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus: Expression analysis and colocalization of PGCs during embryogenesis. Theriogenology 2022; 181:180-189. [PMID: 35121562 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is particularly important for germline formation. Many maternal-effect genes such as vasa, dnd, and nanos have been identified. However, the research on distribution patterns of PGCs in marine fish is limited. Vasa has been widely used as a germ cell marker to identify its origination in teleosts because vasa RNA is a component of germ plasm. Dnd is known to be an RNA binding protein that protects germline-specific RNAs from degradation. In this study, we isolated full-length vasa and dnd cDNA from summer flounder to track germ cell origination and their expression patterns by RT-PCR and ISH. The results demonstrated that deduced amino acid sequence of Pdvas and Pddnd shared typically conserved motifs of their homologues and demonstrated high identities with other teleosts. Both vasa and dnd transcripts were exclusively detected in germ cells of the gonads. During embryogenesis, vasa and dnd RNA were located at the cleavage furrows of early cleavage stages, and then through proliferation and migration they eventually moved to a location at the predetermined genital ridge. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that summer flounder belongs to the Euteleostei species, but vasa/dnd transcripts localized at the cleavage furrows was similar to that in zebrafish (Osteriophysans). This suggests that germ cells differentiating at early embryogenesis have no direct relation with phylogenesis. At the same time, we found the spatio-temporal expression pattern of dnd was highly consistent with vasa during this process, which indicated the important function of dnd in keeping the target RNA from being degraded to maintain germ cell fate. These results will provide further understanding of germ plasm localization and PGC differentiation in teleosts, and facilitate germ cell manipulation in marine fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuran Du
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing,Fujian Province University, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Weihai, 264319, China.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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27
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Aharon D, Marlow FL. Sexual determination in zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:8. [PMID: 34936027 PMCID: PMC11072476 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish have emerged as a major model organism to study vertebrate reproduction due to their high fecundity and external development of eggs and embryos. The mechanisms through which zebrafish determine their sex have come under extensive investigation, as they lack a definite sex-determining chromosome and appear to have a highly complex method of sex determination. Single-gene mutagenesis has been employed to isolate the function of genes that determine zebrafish sex and regulate sex-specific differentiation, and to explore the interactions of genes that promote female or male sexual fate. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms, including genetic and environmental factors, governing zebrafish sex development with comparisons to gene functions in other species to highlight conserved and potentially species-specific mechanisms for specifying and maintaining sexual fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devora Aharon
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy, Place Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA
| | - Florence L Marlow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy, Place Box 1020, New York, NY, 10029-6574, USA.
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28
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Mall EM, Lecanda A, Drexler HCA, Raz E, Schöler HR, Schlatt S. Heading towards a dead end: The role of DND1 in germ line differentiation of human iPSCs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258427. [PMID: 34653201 PMCID: PMC8519482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The DND microRNA-mediated repression inhibitor 1 (DND1) is a conserved RNA binding protein (RBP) that plays important roles in survival and fate maintenance of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and in the development of the male germline in zebrafish and mice. Dead end was shown to be expressed in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), PGCs and spermatogonia, but little is known about its specific role concerning pluripotency and human germline development. Here we use CRISPR/Cas mediated knockout and PGC-like cell (PGCLC) differentiation in human iPSCs to determine if DND1 (1) plays a role in maintaining pluripotency and (2) in specification of PGCLCs. We generated several clonal lines carrying biallelic loss of function mutations and analysed their differentiation potential towards PGCLCs and their gene expression on RNA and protein levels via RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. The generated knockout iPSCs showed no differences in pluripotency gene expression, proliferation, or trilineage differentiation potential, but yielded reduced numbers of PGCLCs as compared with their parental iPSCs. RNAseq analysis of mutated PGCLCs revealed that the overall gene expression remains like non-mutated PGCLCs. However, reduced expression of genes associated with PGC differentiation and maintenance (e.g., NANOS3, PRDM1) was observed. Together, we show that DND1 iPSCs maintain their pluripotency but exhibit a reduced differentiation to PGCLCs. This versatile model will allow further analysis of the specific mechanisms by which DND1 influences PGC differentiation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Mall
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany
| | - Aaron Lecanda
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Münster, Germany
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29
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Crucial role of dead end gene for primordial germ cell survival in rice field eel (Monopterus albus). Theriogenology 2021; 176:188-193. [PMID: 34624813 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The dead end gene has been identified as a essential factor for Primordial germ cells (PGCs) migration and survival in many species, but its role in Monopterus albus is unclear. In order to clarify the function of dead end gene in M.albus PGCs migration and survival, we first characterized the expression profile of M.albus dead end (Madnd) in developing embryos and various tissues. qRT-PCR revealed that Madnd transcripts were exclusively detected in gonad, including ovary, testis and ovotestis.Embryos injected with a Madnd morpholino (Madnd-MO) exhibited down-regulation of the vasa gene. Furthermore, the GFP signal show the PGCs migration in control group were injected with GFP-nanos3 3'-UTR mRNA for visualization, as described in a previous study, yet it was disappeared after embryos injected with Madnd-MO.Finally, we characterized the genomics sequence of the Madnd gene and designed five gRNAs for genome editing. Three gRNAs were selected for microinjection according to the results of in vitro tests. gRNAd1 was used for microinjection with the Cas9 protein and was confirmed to be effective. Our analysis in this study suggested that Madnd play a key role in PGCs migration and survival in M. albus. These data provide the basis for the production of fast-growing and reproductively M.albus sterile.
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30
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Hansen CL, Chamberlain TJ, Trevena RL, Kurek JE, Pelegri F. Conserved germ plasm characteristics across the Danio and Devario lineages. Genesis 2021; 59:e23452. [PMID: 34617657 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In many animal species, germ cell specification requires the inheritance of germ plasm, a biomolecular condensate containing maternally derived RNAs and proteins. Most studies of germ plasm composition and function have been performed in widely evolutionarily divergent model organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, Xenopus laevis, and Danio rerio (zebrafish). In zebrafish, 12 RNAs localize to germ plasm at the furrows of the early embryo. Here, we tested for the presence of these RNAs in three additional species within the Danionin clade: Danio kyathit, Danio albolineatus, and Devario aequipinnatus. By visualizing nanos RNA, we find that germ plasm segregation patterns during early embryogenesis are conserved across these species. Ten additional germ plasm RNAs exhibit localization at the furrows of early embryos in all three non-zebrafish Danionin species, consistent with germ plasm localization. One component of zebrafish germ plasm, ca15b, lacked specific localization in embryos of the more distantly related D. aequipinnatus. Our findings show that within a subset of closely related Danionin species, the vast majority of germ plasm RNA components are conserved. At the same time, the lack of ca15b localization in D. aequipinnatus germ plasm highlights the potential for the divergence of germ plasm composition across a restricted phylogenetic space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Hansen
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Trevor J Chamberlain
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ryan L Trevena
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jacob E Kurek
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Aalto A, Olguin-Olguin A, Raz E. Zebrafish Primordial Germ Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:684460. [PMID: 34249937 PMCID: PMC8260996 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.684460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to many other organisms, zebrafish primordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified at a location distinct from that of gonadal somatic cells. Guided by chemotactic cues, PGCs migrate through embryonic tissues toward the region where the gonad develops. In this process, PGCs employ a bleb-driven amoeboid migration mode, characterized by low adhesion and high actomyosin contractility, a strategy used by other migrating cells, such as leukocytes and certain types of cancer cells. The mechanisms underlying the motility and the directed migration of PGCs should be robust to ensure arrival at the target, thereby contributing to the fertility of the organism. These features make PGCs an excellent model for studying guided single-cell migration in vivo. In this review, we present recent findings regarding the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity that are essential for motility and discuss the mechanisms by which cell polarization and directed migration are controlled by chemical and physical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Aalto
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Adan Olguin-Olguin
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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32
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Baloch AR, Franěk R, Saito T, Pšenička M. Dead-end (dnd) protein in fish-a review. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:777-784. [PMID: 30671782 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dead end (dnd) is a germ plasm-specific maternal RNA discovered in zebrafish and then in other vertebrates. Dnd protein is essential for migration and motility of primordial germ cells (PGCs), only cells destined to transfer genetic information to offspring. PGCs arise far from somatic cells of developing gonads and they must migrate to their site of function. Migration of PGCs follows complex path by various developing tissues as their disruption impacts on the fertility. Recently, it has been found that dnd is not required for survival of PGCs and dnd-deficient zebrafish PGCs transdifferentiate into the somatic cells. In fish, targeting dnd causes removal of PGCs that ultimately affects sex differentiation. Sterility in various fish species can be achieved by knockdown or knockout of dnd. In our review, we have discussed dnd as a germ cell-specific molecular marker in fish, its interaction with miRNAs, and its use in aquaculture and fish conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- South Bohemian Research Center for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Franěk
- South Bohemian Research Center for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Taiju Saito
- South Bohemian Research Center for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
- Nishiura Station, South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Uchidomari, Ainan, Ehime, 798-4206, Japan
| | - Martin Pšenička
- South Bohemian Research Center for Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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33
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Nicholls PK, Page DC. Germ cell determination and the developmental origin of germ cell tumors. Development 2021; 148:239824. [PMID: 33913479 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In each generation, the germline is tasked with producing somatic lineages that form the body, and segregating a population of cells for gametogenesis. During animal development, when do cells of the germline irreversibly commit to producing gametes? Integrating findings from diverse species, we conclude that the final commitment of the germline to gametogenesis - the process of germ cell determination - occurs after primordial germ cells (PGCs) colonize the gonads. Combining this understanding with medical findings, we present a model whereby germ cell tumors arise from cells that failed to undertake germ cell determination, regardless of their having colonized the gonads. We propose that the diversity of cell types present in these tumors reflects the broad developmental potential of migratory PGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Nicholls
- Whitehead Institute, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - David C Page
- Whitehead Institute, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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34
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Bertho S, Clapp M, Banisch TU, Bandemer J, Raz E, Marlow FL. Zebrafish dazl regulates cystogenesis and germline stem cell specification during the primordial germ cell to germline stem cell transition. Development 2021; 148:dev187773. [PMID: 33722898 PMCID: PMC8077517 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fertility and gamete reserves are maintained by asymmetric divisions of the germline stem cells to produce new stem cells or daughters that differentiate as gametes. Before entering meiosis, differentiating germ cells (GCs) of sexual animals typically undergo cystogenesis. This evolutionarily conserved process involves synchronous and incomplete mitotic divisions of a GC daughter (cystoblast) to generate sister cells connected by intercellular bridges that facilitate the exchange of materials to support rapid expansion of the gamete progenitor population. Here, we investigated cystogenesis in zebrafish and found that early GCs are connected by ring canals, and show that Deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl), a conserved vertebrate RNA-binding protein (Rbp), is a regulator of this process. Analysis of dazl mutants revealed the essential role of Dazl in regulating incomplete cytokinesis, germline cyst formation and germline stem cell specification before the meiotic transition. Accordingly, dazl mutant GCs form defective ring canals, and ultimately remain as individual cells that fail to differentiate as meiocytes. In addition to promoting cystoblast divisions and meiotic entry, dazl is required for germline stem cell establishment and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bertho
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1020 New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Mara Clapp
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Torsten U. Banisch
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Jan Bandemer
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Florence L. Marlow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place Box 1020 New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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35
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Ruthig VA, Yokonishi T, Friedersdorf MB, Batchvarova S, Hardy J, Garness JA, Keene JD, Capel B. A transgenic DND1GFP fusion allele reports in vivo expression and RNA-binding targets in undifferentiated mouse germ cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:861-874. [PMID: 33394034 PMCID: PMC8324984 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the RNA-binding protein (RBP) dead end 1 (DND1) is essential for primordial germ cell (PGC) survival and maintenance of cell identity. In multiple species, Dnd1 loss or mutation leads to severe PGC loss soon after specification or, in some species, germ cell transformation to somatic lineages. Our investigations into the role of DND1 in PGC specification and differentiation have been limited by the absence of an available antibody. To address this problem, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to establish a transgenic mouse line carrying a DND1GFP fusion allele. We present imaging analysis of DND1GFP expression showing that DND1GFP expression is heterogeneous among male germ cells (MGCs) and female germ cells (FGCs). DND1GFP was detected in MGCs throughout fetal life but lost from FGCs at meiotic entry. In postnatal and adult testes, DND1GFP expression correlated with classic markers for the premeiotic spermatogonial population. Utilizing the GFP tag for RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) analysis in MGCs validated this transgenic as a tool for identifying in vivo transcript targets of DND1. The DND1GFP mouse line is a novel tool for isolation and analysis of embryonic and fetal germ cells, and the spermatogonial population of the postnatal and adult testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Ruthig
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Friedersdorf
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sofia Batchvarova
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Josiah Hardy
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason A Garness
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jack D Keene
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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36
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Cryopreservation and Transplantation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33606221 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0970-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Cryopreservation as a method that enables long-term storage of biological material has long been used for the conservation of valuable zebrafish genetic resources. However, currently, only spermatozoa of zebrafish can be successfully cryopreserved, while protocols for cryopreservation of eggs and embryos have not yet been fully developed. Transplantation of germline stem cells (GSCs) has risen as a favorable method that can bypass the current problem in cryopreservation of female genetic resources and can lead to reconstitution of fish species and lines through surrogate production. Here, we describe essential steps needed for the cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and their utilization in the conservation of zebrafish genetic resources through SSC transplantation and surrogate production.
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37
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Visualization of Transcriptional Activity in Early Zebrafish Primordial Germ Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2218:185-194. [PMID: 33606232 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0970-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a fast and straightforward methodology to in vivo detect transcriptional activity in the early zebrafish germ line. We report how fluorescently labeled morpholinos, targeted to nascent early transcripts, can be used to track the onset of transcriptional events during early embryogenesis. This method could be applied to any tagged cell line in a developing early zebrafish embryo as long as the gene of interest is expressed at high enough level for morpholino detection and is expressed at the first and main wave of genome activation, for which the protocol has been verified. The protocol, in combination with genetic manipulation, allows studies of mechanisms driving zygotic genome activation (ZGA) in individual cells. The reported procedures apply to a broad range of purposes for zebrafish embryo manipulation in view of imaging nuclear molecules in specific cell types.
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38
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D'Orazio FM, Balwierz PJ, González AJ, Guo Y, Hernández-Rodríguez B, Wheatley L, Jasiulewicz A, Hadzhiev Y, Vaquerizas JM, Cairns B, Lenhard B, Müller F. Germ cell differentiation requires Tdrd7-dependent chromatin and transcriptome reprogramming marked by germ plasm relocalization. Dev Cell 2021; 56:641-656.e5. [PMID: 33651978 PMCID: PMC7957325 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In many animal models, primordial germ cell (PGC) development depends on maternally deposited germ plasm, which prevents somatic cell fate. Here, we show that PGCs respond to regulatory information from the germ plasm in two distinct phases using two distinct mechanisms in zebrafish. We demonstrate that PGCs commence zygotic genome activation together with the somatic blastocysts with no demonstrable differences in transcriptional and chromatin opening. Unexpectedly, both PGC and somatic blastocysts activate germ-cell-specific genes, which are only stabilized in PGCs by cytoplasmic germ plasm determinants. Disaggregated perinuclear relocalization of germ plasm during PGC migration is regulated by the germ plasm determinant Tdrd7 and is coupled to dramatic divergence between PGC and somatic transcriptomes. This transcriptional divergence relies on PGC-specific cis-regulatory elements characterized by promoter-proximal distribution. We show that Tdrd7-dependent reconfiguration of chromatin accessibility is required for elaboration of PGC fate but not for PGC migration. No evidence for transcriptional activation delay in zebrafish PGCs Germ-plasm-associated post-transcriptional divergence during ZGA Epigenetic reprogramming marks onset of PGC migration Epigenetic reprogramming in PGCs relies on Tdrd7, coupled to germ plasm relocalization
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M D'Orazio
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Piotr J Balwierz
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ada Jimenez González
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yixuan Guo
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Lucy Wheatley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Aleksandra Jasiulewicz
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yavor Hadzhiev
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juan M Vaquerizas
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bradley Cairns
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Boris Lenhard
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.
| | - Ferenc Müller
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics Sciences, Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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39
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Naser AA, Miyazaki T, Wang J, Takabayashi S, Pachoensuk T, Tokumoto T. MC4R mutant mice develop ovarian teratomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3483. [PMID: 33568756 PMCID: PMC7876032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Teratomas in mice, composed of different tissue types, are derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the foetal gonads. The strongest candidate gene in the testicular teratoma locus (Ter) responsible for testicular teratoma formation was identified as mutation in Dnd1, Dnd1R178*. However, the phenotype of mice with a mutated Dnd1 gene was germ cell loss. This suggests that other genes are involved in teratoma formation. Testicular teratomas can also be induced experimentally (experimentally testicular teratomas: ETTs) in 129/Sv mice by transplanting E12.5 foetal testes into adult testes. Previously, we mapped the ett1 locus, which is the locus responsible for ETT formation on chromosome 18. By exome sequence analysis of the 129 and LTXBJ (LT) strains, we identified a missense mutation in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene among 8 genes in the ett1 region. The missense mutation causes a substitution of glycine 25 by serine. Thus, this gene is a candidate for ETT formation. We established the LT-ett1 congenic strain, which introduced the locus responsible for ETT formation genetically into the genomes of a testicular teratoma non-susceptible strain. In this study, we crossed LT-ett1 and a previously established LT-Ter strain to establish the double congenic strain LT-Ter-ett1. Also, we established a strain with a point mutation in the MC4R gene of the LT strain by genome editing, LT-MC4RG25S. Furthermore, double genetically modified strain LT-Ter-MC4RG25S was established to address the relation between Ter and MC4R. Surprisingly, highly developed ovarian teratomas (OTs), instead of testicular teratomas, appeared not only in the LT-Ter-MC4RG25S and LT-MC4RG25S strains but also in the LT-ett1 and LT-Ter-ett1 strains. The incidence of OT formation was high in double genetically modified strains. The results demonstrated that MC4R is one of the genes responsible for OT formation. It was suggested that the effect of the missense mutation in MC4R on teratoma formation was promoted by abnormal germ cell formation by the mutation in DND1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah An Naser
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takehiro Miyazaki
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422, Japan
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Theeranukul Pachoensuk
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422, Japan.
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40
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Redl S, de Jesus Domingues AM, Caspani E, Möckel S, Salvenmoser W, Mendez-Lago M, Ketting RF. Extensive nuclear gyration and pervasive non-genic transcription during primordial germ cell development in zebrafish. Development 2021; 148:dev193060. [PMID: 33298460 PMCID: PMC7847270 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of germ cells, which migrate to the genital ridge during early development. Relatively little is known about PGCs after their migration. We studied this post-migratory stage using microscopy and sequencing techniques, and found that many PGC-specific genes, including genes known to induce PGC fate in the mouse, are only activated several days after migration. At this same time point, PGC nuclei become extremely gyrated, displaying general broad opening of chromatin and high levels of intergenic transcription. This is accompanied by changes in nuage morphology, expression of large loci (PGC-expressed non-coding RNA loci, PERLs) that are enriched for retro-transposons and piRNAs, and a rise in piRNA biogenesis signatures. Interestingly, no nuclear Piwi protein could be detected at any time point, indicating that the zebrafish piRNA pathway is fully cytoplasmic. Our data show that the post-migratory stage of zebrafish PGCs holds many cues to both germ cell fate establishment and piRNA pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Redl
- Biology of Non-coding RNA Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Edoardo Caspani
- Biology of Non-coding RNA Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- International PhD Programme on Gene Regulation, Epigenetics & Genome Stability, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Möckel
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Willi Salvenmoser
- Institute of Zoology, Evolution and Developmental Biology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraβe 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Mendez-Lago
- Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - René F Ketting
- Biology of Non-coding RNA Group, Institute of Molecular Biology, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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41
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Prill K, Dawson JF. Homology-Directed Repair in Zebrafish: Witchcraft and Wizardry? Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:595474. [PMID: 33425990 PMCID: PMC7793982 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.595474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducing desired mutations into the genome of model organisms is a priority for all research focusing on protein function and disease modeling. The need to create stable mutant lines has resulted in the rapid advancement of genetic techniques over the last few decades from chemical mutagenesis and zinc finger nucleases to clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and homology-directed repair (HDR). However, achieving consistently high success rates for direct mutagenesis in zebrafish remains one of the most sought-after techniques in the field. Several genes have been modified using HDR in zebrafish, but published success rates range widely, suggesting that an optimal protocol is required. In this review, we compare target genes, techniques, and protocols from 50 genes that were successfully modified in zebrafish using HDR to find the statistically best variables for efficient HDR rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendal Prill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - John F Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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42
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Rescue of germ cells in dnd crispant embryos opens the possibility to produce inherited sterility in Atlantic salmon. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18042. [PMID: 33093479 PMCID: PMC7581530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic introgression of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) into wild populations is a major environmental concern for the salmon aquaculture industry. Using sterile fish in commercial aquaculture operations is, therefore, a sustainable strategy for bio-containment. So far, the only commercially used methodology for producing sterile fish is triploidization. However, triploid fish are less robust. A novel approach in which to achieve sterility is to produce germ cell-free salmon, which can be accomplished by knocking out the dead-end (dnd) gene using CRISPR-Cas9. The lack of germ cells in the resulting dnd crispants, thus, prevents reproduction and inhibits subsequent large-scale production of sterile fish. Here, we report a rescue approach for producing germ cells in Atlantic salmon dnd crispants. To achieve this, we co-injected the wild-type (wt) variant of salmon dnd mRNA together with CRISPR-Cas9 constructs targeting dnd into 1-cell stage embryos. We found that rescued one-year-old fish contained germ cells, type A spermatogonia in males and previtellogenic primary oocytes in females. The method presented here opens a possibility for large-scale production of germ-cell free Atlantic salmon offspring through the genetically sterile broodstock which can pass the sterility trait on the next generation.
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43
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Gao W, Zhang C, Jin K, Zhang Y, Zuo Q, Li B. Analysis of lncRNA Expression Profile during the Formation of Male Germ Cells in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101850. [PMID: 33050652 PMCID: PMC7599500 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The differentiation of germ cells plays an important role in sex differentiation in poultry. Therefore, it is necessary for us to explore the potential regulators in the process of germ cell development. In this study, RNA-seq was used to detect the expression profile of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs), primordial germ cells (PGCs) and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The results showed that a total of 296, 280 and 357 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were screened in ESCs vs. PGCs, ESCs vs. SSCs and PGCs vs. SSCs, respectively. Functional analysis of the target genes of DELs showed that autophagy, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Notch and ErbB signaling pathways were involved in the differentiation process of male germ cells and, moreover, XLOC_612026, XLOC_612029, XLOC_240662, XLOC_362463, XLOC_023952, XLOC_674549, XLOC_160716, ALDBGALG0000001810, ALDBGALG0000002986, XLOC_657380674549, XLOC_022100 and XLOC_657380 were predicted to be the key lncRNAs in this process. Our findings could not only supply scientific data for constructing the gene regulatory network of germ cell development, but also provide new ideas for further optimizing the induction efficiency of germ cells in vitro. Abstract Germ cells have an irreplaceable role in transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next, and also play an important role in sex differentiation in poultry, while little is known about epigenetic factors that regulate germ cell differentiation. In this study, RNA-seq was used to detect the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The results showed that a total of 296, 280 and 357 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were screened in ESCs vs. PGCs, ESCs vs. SSCs and PGCs vs. SSCs, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DELs in the three cell groups were mainly enriched in autophagy, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Notch and ErbB and signaling pathways. The co-expression network of 37 candidate DELs and their target genes enriched in the biological function of germ cell development showed that XLOC_612026, XLOC_612029, XLOC_240662, XLOC_362463, XLOC_023952, XLOC_674549, XLOC_160716, ALDBGALG0000001810, ALDBGALG0000002986, XLOC_657380674549, XLOC_022100 and XLOC_657380 were the key lncRNAs in the process of male germ cell formation and, moreover, the function of these DELs may be related to the interaction of their target genes. Our findings preliminarily excavated the key lncRNAs and signaling pathways in the process of male chicken germ cell formation, which could be helpful to construct the gene regulatory network of germ cell development, and also provide new ideas for further optimizing the induction efficiency of germ cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (C.Z.); (K.J.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (C.Z.); (K.J.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (C.Z.); (K.J.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (C.Z.); (K.J.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (C.Z.); (K.J.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (W.G.); (C.Z.); (K.J.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0514-87997207
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Kassmer SH, Langenbacher AD, De Tomaso AW. Integrin-alpha-6+ Candidate stem cells are responsible for whole body regeneration in the invertebrate chordate Botrylloides diegensis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4435. [PMID: 32895385 PMCID: PMC7477574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonial ascidians are the only chordates able to undergo whole body regeneration (WBR), during which entire new bodies can be regenerated from small fragments of blood vessels. Here, we show that during the early stages of WBR in Botrylloides diegensis, proliferation occurs only in small, blood-borne cells that express integrin-alpha-6 (IA6), pou3 and vasa. WBR cannot proceed when proliferating IA6+ cells are ablated with Mitomycin C, and injection of a single IA6+ Candidate stem cell can rescue WBR after ablation. Lineage tracing using EdU-labeling demonstrates that donor-derived IA6+ Candidate stem cells directly give rise to regenerating tissues. Inhibitors of either Notch or canonical Wnt signaling block WBR and reduce proliferation of IA6+ Candidate stem cells, indicating that these two pathways regulate their activation. In conclusion, we show that IA6+ Candidate stem cells are responsible for whole body regeneration and give rise to regenerating tissues. Clonal ascidians are able to undergo whole body regeneration (WBR), where entire new bodies can be regenerated from blood vessel fragments. Here, the authors provide evidence in Botrylloides diegensis supporting pou3 and vasa expressing blood-borne cells isolated with anti-IA6 antibody as candidate stem cells responsible for WBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah H Kassmer
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, UCEN Rd, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Adam D Langenbacher
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony W De Tomaso
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, UCEN Rd, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Jin Y, Liu W, Xiang Y, Zhang W, Zhang H, Jia K, Yi M. Maternal miR-202-5p is required for zebrafish primordial germ cell migration by protecting small GTPase Cdc42. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:530-542. [PMID: 31742346 PMCID: PMC7493028 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In many lower animals, germ cell formation, migration, and maintenance depend on maternally provided determinants in germ plasm. In zebrafish, these processes have been extensively studied in terms of RNA-binding proteins and other coding genes. The role of small non-coding RNAs in the regulation of primordial germ cell (PGC) development remains largely unknown and poorly investigated, even though growing interests for the importance of miRNAs involved in a wide variety of biological processes. Here, we reported the role and mechanism of the germ plasm-specific miRNA miR-202-5p in PGC migration: (i) both maternal loss and knockdown of miR-202-5p impaired PGC migration indicated by the mislocalization and reduced number of PGCs; (ii) cdc42se1 was a direct target gene of miR-202-5p, and overexpression of Cdc42se1 in PGCs caused PGC migration defects similar to those observed in loss of miR-202-5p mutants; (iii) Cdc42se1 not only interacted with Cdc42 but also inhibited cdc42 transcription, and overexpression of Cdc42 could rescue PGC migration defects in Cdc42se1 overexpressed embryos. Thus, miR-202-5p regulates PGC migration by directly targeting and repressing Cdc42se1 to protect the expression of Cdc42, which interacts with actin to direct PGC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Jin
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Correspondence to: Meisheng Yi, E-mail: ; Kuntong Jia, E-mail:
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China
- Correspondence to: Meisheng Yi, E-mail: ; Kuntong Jia, E-mail:
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Imai A, Hagiwara Y, Niimi Y, Tokumoto T, Saga Y, Suzuki A. Mouse dead end1 acts with Nanos2 and Nanos3 to regulate testicular teratoma incidence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232047. [PMID: 32339196 PMCID: PMC7185693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous testicular teratomas (STTs) derived from primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the mouse embryonic testes predominantly develop in the 129 family inbred strain. Ter (spontaneous mutation) is a single nucleotide polymorphism that generates a premature stop codon of Dead end1 (Dnd1) and increases the incidence of STTs in the 129 genetic background. We previously found that DND1 interacts with NANOS2 or NANOS3 and that these complexes play a vital role in male embryonic germ cells and adult spermatogonia. However, the following are unclear: (a) whether DND1 works with NANOS2 or NANOS3 to regulate teratoma incidence, and (b) whether Ter simply causes Dnd1 loss or produces a short mutant DND1 protein. In the current study, we newly established a conventional Dnd1-knockout mouse line and found that these mice showed phenotypes similar to those of Ter mutant mice in spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and teratoma incidence, with a slight difference in spermiogenesis. In addition, we found that the amount of DND1 in Dnd1+/Ter embryos decreased to half of that in wild-type embryos, while the expression of the short mutant DND1 was not detected. We also found that double mutants for Dnd1 and Nanos2 or Nanos3 showed synergistic increase in the incidence of STTs. These data support the idea that Ter causes Dnd1 loss, leading to an increase in STT incidence, and that DND1 acts with NANOS2 and NANOS3 to regulate the development of teratoma from PGCs in the 129 genetic background. Thus, our results clarify the role of Dnd1 in the development of STTs and provide a novel insight into its pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Imai
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hagiwara
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Niimi
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- Biological Science Course, Graduate School of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zheng T, Nakamoto A, Kumano G. H3K27me3 suppresses sister-lineage somatic gene expression in late embryonic germline cells of the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. Dev Biol 2020; 460:200-214. [PMID: 31904374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protection of the germline from somatic differentiation programs is crucial for germ cell development. In many animals, whose germline development relies on the maternally inherited germ plasm, such protection in particular at early stages of embryogenesis is achieved by maternally localized global transcriptional repressors, such as PIE-1 of Caenorhabditis elegans, Pgc of Drosophila melanogaster and Pem of ascidians. However, zygotic gene expression starts in later germline cells eventually and mechanisms by which somatic gene expression is selectively kept under repression in the transcriptionally active cells are poorly understood. By using the ascidian species Halocynthia roretzi, we found that H3K27me3, a repressive transcription-related chromatin mark, became enriched in germline cells starting at the 64-cell stage when Pem protein level and its contribution to transcriptional repression decrease. Interestingly, inhibition of H3K27me3 together with Pem knockdown resulted in ectopic expression in germline cells of muscle developmental genes Muscle actin (MA4) and Snail, and of Clone 22 (which is expressed in all somatic but not germline cells), but not of other tissue-specific genes such as the notochord gene Brachyury, the nerve cord marker ETR-1 and a heart precursor gene Mesp, at the 110-cell stage. Importantly, these ectopically expressed genes are normally expressed in the germline sister cells (B7.5), the last somatic lineage separated from the germline. Also, the ectopic expression of MA4 was dependent on a maternally localized muscle determinant Macho-1. Taken together, we propose that H3K27me3 may be responsible for selective transcriptional repression for somatic genes in later germline cells in Halocynthia embryos and that the preferential repression of germline sister-lineage genes may be related to the mechanism of germline segregation in ascidian embryos, where the germline is segregated progressively by successive asymmetric cell divisions during cell cleavage stages. Together with findings from C. elegans and D. melanogaster, our data for this urochordate animal support the proposal for a mechanism, conserved widely throughout the animal kingdom, where germline transcriptional repression is mediated initially by maternally localized factors and subsequently by a chromatin-based mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan.
| | - Ayaki Nakamoto
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Gaku Kumano
- Asamushi Research Center for Marine Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Japan
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Westerich KJ, Chandrasekaran KS, Gross-Thebing T, Kueck N, Raz E, Rentmeister A. Bioorthogonal mRNA labeling at the poly(A) tail for imaging localization and dynamics in live zebrafish embryos. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3089-3095. [PMID: 33623655 PMCID: PMC7879197 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Live imaging of mRNA in cells and organisms is important for understanding the dynamic aspects underlying its function.
Live imaging of mRNA in cells and organisms is important for understanding the dynamic aspects underlying its function. Ideally, labeling of mRNA should not alter its structure or function, nor affect the biological system. However, most methods applied in vivo make use of genetically encoded tags and reporters that significantly enhance the size of the mRNA of interest. Alternately, we utilize the 3′ poly(A) tail as a non-coding repetitive hallmark to covalently label mRNAs via bioorthogonal chemistry with different fluorophores from a wide range of spectra without significantly changing the size. We demonstrate that the labeled mRNAs can be visualized in cells and zebrafish embryos, and that they are efficiently translated. Importantly, the labeled mRNAs acquired the proper subcellular localization in developing zebrafish embryos and their dynamics could be tracked in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim J Westerich
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Karthik S Chandrasekaran
- Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Nadine Kueck
- Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Erez Raz
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) , Waldeyerstraße 15 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Institute of Cell Biology Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , University of Münster , D-48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Andrea Rentmeister
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) , Waldeyerstraße 15 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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Abstract
The RNAscope methodology is a powerful tool to detect RNA expression patterns with high subcellular resolution and possibility for RNA-protein colocalization studies. Presented here is a two-day protocol for robust multiplex detection of up to three different RNAs in zebrafish whole-mount embryos using the RNAscope procedure. Application of the protocol offers the simultaneous detection of multiple RNAs with a high signal-to-noise ratio in an intact embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Gross-Thebing
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Haupt KA, Law KT, Enright AL, Kanzler CR, Shin H, Wickens M, Kimble J. A PUF Hub Drives Self-Renewal in Caenorhabditis elegans Germline Stem Cells. Genetics 2020; 214:147-161. [PMID: 31740451 PMCID: PMC6944405 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell regulation relies on extrinsic signaling from a niche plus intrinsic factors that respond and drive self-renewal within stem cells. A priori, loss of niche signaling and loss of the intrinsic self-renewal factors might be expected to have equivalent stem cell defects. Yet this simple prediction has not been borne out for most stem cells, including Caenorhabditis elegans germline stem cells (GSCs). The central regulators of C. elegans GSCs include extrinsically acting GLP-1/Notch signaling from the niche; intrinsically acting RNA-binding proteins in the PUF family, termed FBF-1 and FBF-2 (collectively FBF); and intrinsically acting PUF partner proteins that are direct Notch targets. Abrogation of either GLP-1/Notch signaling or its targets yields an earlier and more severe GSC defect than loss of FBF-1 and FBF-2, suggesting that additional intrinsic regulators must exist. Here, we report that those missing regulators are two additional PUF proteins, PUF-3 and PUF-11 Remarkably, an fbf-1fbf-2 ; puf-3puf-11 quadruple null mutant has a GSC defect virtually identical to that of a glp-1/Notch null mutant. PUF-3 and PUF-11 both affect GSC maintenance, both are expressed in GSCs, and epistasis experiments place them at the same position as FBF within the network. Therefore, action of PUF-3 and PUF-11 explains the milder GSC defect in fbf-1fbf-2 mutants. We conclude that a "PUF hub," comprising four PUF proteins and two PUF partners, constitutes the intrinsic self-renewal node of the C. elegans GSC RNA regulatory network. Discovery of this hub underscores the significance of PUF RNA-binding proteins as key regulators of stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Haupt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kimberley T Law
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Amy L Enright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Charlotte R Kanzler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Heaji Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Marvin Wickens
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Judith Kimble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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