1
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Mandrou E, Thomason PA, Paschke PI, Paul NR, Tweedy L, Insall RH. A Reliable System for Quantitative G-Protein Activation Imaging in Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:1114. [PMID: 38994966 PMCID: PMC11240385 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors have proven to be an indispensable tool in cell biology and, more specifically, in the study of G-protein signalling. The best method of measuring the activation status or FRET state of a biosensor is often fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), as it does away with many disadvantages inherent to fluorescence intensity-based methods and is easily quantitated. Despite the significant potential, there is a lack of reliable FLIM-FRET biosensors, and the data processing and analysis workflows reported previously face reproducibility challenges. Here, we established a system in live primary mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells, where we can detect the activation of an mNeonGreen-Gαi3-mCherry-Gγ2 biosensor through the lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR) with 2-photon time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) FLIM. This combination gave a superior signal to the commonly used mTurquoise2-mVenus G-protein biosensor. This system has potential as a platform for drug screening, or to answer basic cell biology questions in the field of G-protein signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mandrou
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | | | - Nikki R. Paul
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Luke Tweedy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Robert H. Insall
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Garscube Campus, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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2
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Mayer P, Hausen A, Steinle V, Bergmann F, Kauczor HU, Loos M, Roth W, Klauss M, Gaida MM. The radiomorphological appearance of the invasive margin in pancreatic cancer is associated with tumor budding. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2024; 409:167. [PMID: 38809279 PMCID: PMC11136832 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-024-03355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is characterized by infiltrative, spiculated tumor growth into the surrounding non-neoplastic tissue. Clinically, its diagnosis is often established by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At the invasive margin, tumor buds can be detected by histology, an established marker associated with poor prognosis in different types of tumors. METHODS We analyzed PDAC by determining the degree of tumor spiculation on T2-weighted MRI using a 3-tier grading system. The grade of spiculation was correlated with the density of tumor buds quantified in histological sections of the respective surgical specimen according to the guidelines of the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (n = 28 patients). RESULTS 64% of tumors revealed intermediate to high spiculation on MRI. In over 90% of cases, tumor buds were detected. We observed a significant positive rank correlation between the grade of radiological tumor spiculation and the histopathological number of tumor buds (rs = 0.745, p < 0.001). The number of tumor buds was not significantly associated with tumor stage, presence of lymph node metastases, or histopathological grading (p ≥ 0.352). CONCLUSION Our study identifies a readily available radiological marker for non-invasive estimation of tumor budding, as a correlate for infiltrative tumor growth. This finding could help to identify PDAC patients who might benefit from more extensive peripancreatic soft tissue resection during surgery or stratify patients for personalized therapy concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mayer
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
| | - Anne Hausen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
| | - Verena Steinle
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Frank Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
- Clinical Pathology, Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Darmstadt, 64283, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Martin Loos
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Miriam Klauss
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Translational Oncology, TRON, the University Medical Center, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, JGU-Mainz, Mainz, 55131, Germany
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3
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Nikolaou S, Juin A, Whitelaw JA, Paul NR, Fort L, Nixon C, Spence HJ, Bryson S, Machesky LM. CYRI-B-mediated macropinocytosis drives metastasis via lysophosphatidic acid receptor uptake. eLife 2024; 13:e83712. [PMID: 38712822 PMCID: PMC11219039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma carries a dismal prognosis, with high rates of metastasis and few treatment options. Hyperactivation of KRAS in almost all tumours drives RAC1 activation, conferring enhanced migratory and proliferative capacity as well as macropinocytosis. Macropinocytosis is well understood as a nutrient scavenging mechanism, but little is known about its functions in trafficking of signalling receptors. We find that CYRI-B is highly expressed in pancreatic tumours in a mouse model of KRAS and p53-driven pancreatic cancer. Deletion of Cyrib (the gene encoding CYRI-B protein) accelerates tumourigenesis, leading to enhanced ERK and JNK-induced proliferation in precancerous lesions, indicating a potential role as a buffer of RAC1 hyperactivation in early stages. However, as disease progresses, loss of CYRI-B inhibits metastasis. CYRI-B depleted tumour cells show reduced chemotactic responses to lysophosphatidic acid, a major driver of tumour spread, due to impaired macropinocytic uptake of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1. Overall, we implicate CYRI-B as a mediator of growth and signalling in pancreatic cancer, providing new insights into pathways controlling metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Nikolaou
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Amelie Juin
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Jamie A Whitelaw
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Nikki R Paul
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Loic Fort
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Heather J Spence
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Sheila Bryson
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Switchback Road, BearsdenGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
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4
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Cerutti C, Lucotti S, Menendez ST, Reymond N, Garg R, Romero IA, Muschel R, Ridley AJ. IQGAP1 and NWASP promote human cancer cell dissemination and metastasis by regulating β1-integrin via FAK and MRTF/SRF. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113989. [PMID: 38536816 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Attachment of circulating tumor cells to the endothelial cells (ECs) lining blood vessels is a critical step in cancer metastatic colonization, which leads to metastatic outgrowth. Breast and prostate cancers are common malignancies in women and men, respectively. Here, we observe that β1-integrin is required for human prostate and breast cancer cell adhesion to ECs under shear-stress conditions in vitro and to lung blood vessel ECs in vivo. We identify IQGAP1 and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (NWASP) as regulators of β1-integrin transcription and protein expression in prostate and breast cancer cells. IQGAP1 and NWASP depletion in cancer cells decreases adhesion to ECs in vitro and retention in the lung vasculature and metastatic lung nodule formation in vivo. Mechanistically, NWASP and IQGAP1 act downstream of Cdc42 to increase β1-integrin expression both via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/focal adhesion kinase signaling at the protein level and by myocardin-related transcription factor/serum response factor (SRF) transcriptionally. Our results identify IQGAP1 and NWASP as potential therapeutic targets to reduce early metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Cerutti
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Serena Lucotti
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sofia T Menendez
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Nicolas Reymond
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Ritu Garg
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Ruth Muschel
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 U1L, UK.
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5
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Juin A, Spence HJ, Machesky LM. Dichotomous role of the serine/threonine kinase MAP4K4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma onset and metastasis through control of AKT and ERK pathways. J Pathol 2024; 262:454-466. [PMID: 38229581 DOI: 10.1002/path.6248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
MAP4K4 is a serine/threonine kinase of the STE20 family involved in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell motility. It has been proposed as a target of angiogenesis and inhibitors show potential in cardioprotection. MAP4K4 also mediates cell invasion in vitro, is overexpressed in various types of cancer, and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Recently, MAP4K4 has been shown to be overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, but its role in tumour initiation, progression, and metastasis is unknown. Here, using the KrasG12D Trp53R172H Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we show that deletion of Map4k4 drives tumour initiation and progression. Moreover, we report that the acceleration of tumour onset is also associated with an overactivation of ERK and AKT, two major downstream effectors of KRAS, in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to the accelerated tumour onset caused by loss of MAP4K4, we observed a reduction in metastatic burden with both the KPC model and in an intraperitoneal transplant assay indicating a major role of MAP4K4 in metastatic seeding. In summary, our study sheds light on the dichotomous role of MAP4K4 in the initiation of PDAC onset, progression, and metastatic dissemination. It also identifies MAP4K4 as a possible druggable target against pancreatic cancer spread, but with the caveat that targeting MAP4K4 might accelerate early tumorigenesis. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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Wang XC, Tang YL, Liang XH. Tumour follower cells: A novel driver of leader cells in collective invasion (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:115. [PMID: 37615176 PMCID: PMC10552739 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cellular invasion in malignant tumours is typically characterized by the cooperative migration of multiple cells in close proximity to each other. Follower cells are led away from the tumour by specialized leader cells, and both cell populations play a crucial role in collective invasion. Follower cells form the main body of the migration system and depend on intercellular contact for migration, whereas leader cells indicate the direction for the entire cell population. Although collective invasion can occur in epithelial and non‑epithelial malignant neoplasms, such as medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, the present review mainly provided an extensive analysis of epithelial tumours. In the present review, the cooperative mechanisms of contact inhibition locomotion between follower and leader cells, where follower cells coordinate and direct collective movement through physical (mechanical) and chemical (signalling) interactions, is summarised. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of follower cell invasion and metastasis during remodelling and degradation of the extracellular matrix and how chemotaxis and lateral inhibition mediate follower cell behaviour were analysed. It was also demonstrated that follower cells exhibit genetic and metabolic heterogeneity during invasion, unlike leader cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Wang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- Departments of Oral Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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7
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Chen X, Li Y, Guo M, Xu B, Ma Y, Zhu H, Feng XQ. Polymerization force-regulated actin filament-Arp2/3 complex interaction dominates self-adaptive cell migrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306512120. [PMID: 37639611 PMCID: PMC10483647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306512120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells migrate by adapting their leading-edge behaviors to heterogeneous extracellular microenvironments (ECMs) during cancer invasions and immune responses. Yet it remains poorly understood how such complicated dynamic behaviors emerge from millisecond-scale assembling activities of protein molecules, which are hard to probe experimentally. To address this gap, we establish a spatiotemporal "resistance-adaptive propulsion" theory based on the interactions between Arp2/3 complexes and polymerizing actin filaments and a multiscale dynamic modeling system spanning from molecular proteins to the cell. We quantitatively find that cells can accurately self-adapt propulsive forces to overcome heterogeneous ECMs via a resistance-triggered positive feedback mechanism, dominated by polymerization-induced actin filament bending and the bending-regulated actin-Arp2/3 binding. However, for high resistance regions, resistance triggers a negative feedback, hindering branched filament assembly, which adapts cellular morphologies to circumnavigate the obstacles. Strikingly, the synergy of the two opposite feedbacks not only empowers the cell with both powerful and flexible migratory capabilities to deal with complex ECMs but also enables efficient utilization of intracellular proteins by the cell. In addition, we identify that the nature of cell migration velocity depending on ECM history stems from the inherent temporal hysteresis of cytoskeleton remodeling. We also show that directional cell migration is dictated by the competition between the local stiffness of ECMs and the local polymerizing rate of actin network caused by chemotactic cues. Our results reveal that it is the polymerization force-regulated actin filament-Arp2/3 complex binding interaction that dominates self-adaptive cell migrations in complex ECMs, and we provide a predictive theory and a spatiotemporal multiscale modeling system at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Yuhui Li
- CytoMorpho Lab, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CNRS/Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble38054, France
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Bowen Xu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Hanxing Zhu
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CardiffCF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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8
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Pfisterer N, Ammer-Herrmenau C, Antweiler K, Küffer S, Ellenrieder V, Neesse A. Dynamics of intestinal and intratumoral microbiome signatures in genetically engineered mice and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2023; 23:663-673. [PMID: 37541802 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has recently revealed a prominent role of the microbiome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, while most observations were made in patients, mouse models still require a precise characterization of their disease-related microbiome to employ them for mechanistic and interventional preclinical studies. METHODS To investigate the fecal and tumoral microbiome of LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) and control (CTRL) mice, Oxford Nanopore sequencing was applied. Feces were collected from 10 KPC mice and 10 CTRLs at 3 timepoints (6 weeks, 12 weeks, and when tumor-bearing (KPC) or 6 months (CTRL), respectively). Metagenomic sequencing was performed on feces DNA. KPC tumor and healthy pancreas DNA samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacterial marker components were detected in KPC tumor tissue over time by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Murine fecal samples showed a significantly different microbiome compared to age-matched healthy CTRLs regarding beta diversity (p = 0.001, R2 = 0.2-0.25 for Bray-Curtis). Adjusted human PDAC classifiers predicted disease status from feces of KPC mice achieving area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values of 80%. Furthermore, KPC tumors harbored significantly more bacterial components than healthy pancreas. Also the microbial composition differs significantly between KPC tumors and healthy pancreas tissue (p = 0.042 for Bray-Curtis). Microbiota found highly abundant in human PDAC samples were considerably more abundant in KPC tumors as compared to healthy pancreas samples (p-value <0.001). CONCLUSION KPC fecal samples show similarities with the microbial composition of stool samples from human PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Pfisterer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Ammer-Herrmenau
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kai Antweiler
- Institute of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Küffer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit KFO5002, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
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9
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Kim J, Mooren OL, Onken MD, Cooper JA. Septin and actin contributions to endothelial cell-cell junctions and monolayer integrity. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:228-241. [PMID: 36205643 PMCID: PMC10079785 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Septins in endothelial cells (ECs) have important roles supporting the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. Cell-cell junctions in EC monolayers are highly dynamic, with continuous retractions and protrusions. Depletion of septins in ECs leads to disruption of cell-cell junctions, which are composed of VE-cadherin and other junctional proteins. In EC monolayers, septins are concentrated at the plasma membrane at sites of cell-cell contact, in curved- and scallop-shaped patterns. These membrane-associated septin accumulations are located in regions of positive membrane curvature, and those regions are often associated with and immediately adjacent to actin-rich protrusions with negative membrane curvature. EC septins associate directly with plasma membrane lipids, based on findings with site-specific mutations of septins in ECs, which is consistent with biochemical and cell biological studies in other systems. Loss of septins leads to disruption of the EC monolayer, and gaps form between cells. The number and breadth of cell-cell contacts and junctions decreases, and the number and frequency of retractions, ruffles, and protrusions at cell edges also decreases. In addition, loss of septins leads to decreased amounts of F-actin at the cortical membrane, along with increased amounts of F-actin in stress fibers of the cytoplasm. Endothelial monolayer disruption from loss of septins is also associated with decreased transendothelial electric resistance (TEER) and increased levels of transendothelial migration (TEM) by immune and cancer cells, owing to the gaps in the monolayer. A current working model is that assembly of septin filaments at regions of positive membrane curvature contributes to a mechanical footing or base for actin-based protrusive forces generated at adjoining regions of the membrane. Specific molecular interactions between the septin and actin components of the cytoskeleton may also be important contributors. Regulators of actin assembly may promote and support the assembly of septin filaments at the membrane, as part of a molecular feedback loop between the assembly of septin and actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia L Mooren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Martínez-Morales JC, González-Ruiz KD, Romero-Ávila MT, Rincón-Heredia R, Reyes-Cruz G, García-Sáinz JA. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA 1 trafficking and interaction with Rab proteins, as evidenced by Förster resonance energy transfer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 570:111930. [PMID: 37054840 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
LPA1 internalization to endosomes was studied employing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) in cells coexpressing the mCherry-lysophosphatidic acid LPA1 receptors and distinct eGFP-tagged Rab proteins. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced internalization was rapid and decreased afterward: phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) action was slower and sustained. LPA stimulated LPA1-Rab5 interaction rapidly but transiently, whereas PMA action was rapid but sustained. Expression of a Rab5 dominant-negative mutant blocked LPA1-Rab5 interaction and receptor internalization. LPA-induced LPA1-Rab9 interaction was only observed at 60 min, and LPA1-Rab7 interaction after 5 min with LPA and after 60 min with PMA. LPA triggered immediate but transient rapid recycling (i.e., LPA1-Rab4 interaction), whereas PMA action was slower but sustained. Agonist-induced slow recycling (LPA1-Rab11 interaction) increased at 15 min and remained at this level, whereas PMA action showed early and late peaks. Our results indicate that LPA1 receptor internalization varies with the stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla D González-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - M Teresa Romero-Ávila
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Unidad de Imagenología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, 07360, Mexico
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11
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Joshi VB, Gutierrez Ruiz OL, Razidlo GL. The Cell Biology of Metastatic Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer: Updates and Mechanistic Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072169. [PMID: 37046830 PMCID: PMC10093482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. This is largely due to the lack of routine screening protocols, an absence of symptoms in early-stage disease leading to late detection, and a paucity of effective treatment options. Critically, the majority of patients either present with metastatic disease or rapidly develop metastatic disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to deepen our understanding of metastasis in PDAC. During metastasis, tumor cells escape from the primary tumor, enter the circulation, and travel to a distant site to form a secondary tumor. In order to accomplish this relatively rare event, tumor cells develop an enhanced ability to detach from the primary tumor, migrate into the surrounding matrix, and invade across the basement membrane. In addition, cancer cells interact with the various cell types and matrix proteins that comprise the tumor microenvironment, with some of these factors working to promote metastasis and others working to suppress it. In PDAC, many of these processes are not well understood. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the cell biology of the early steps of the metastatic cascade in pancreatic cancer. Specifically, we will examine the regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PDAC and its requirement for metastasis, summarize our understanding of how PDAC cells invade and degrade the surrounding matrix, and discuss how migration and adhesion dynamics are regulated in PDAC to optimize cancer cell motility. In addition, the role of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC will also be discussed for each of these invasive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhu B Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Omar L Gutierrez Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gina L Razidlo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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12
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Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Dou H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Xiao M. Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36906534 PMCID: PMC10007858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - He Dou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder and Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
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13
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Campellone KG, Lebek NM, King VL. Branching out in different directions: Emerging cellular functions for the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family actin nucleation factors. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151301. [PMID: 36907023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton impacts practically every function of a eukaryotic cell. Historically, the best-characterized cytoskeletal activities are in cell morphogenesis, motility, and division. The structural and dynamic properties of the actin cytoskeleton are also crucial for establishing, maintaining, and changing the organization of membrane-bound organelles and other intracellular structures. Such activities are important in nearly all animal cells and tissues, although distinct anatomical regions and physiological systems rely on different regulatory factors. Recent work indicates that the Arp2/3 complex, a broadly expressed actin nucleator, drives actin assembly during several intracellular stress response pathways. These newly described Arp2/3-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements are coordinated by members of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation-promoting factors. Thus, the Arp2/3 complex and WASP-family proteins are emerging as crucial players in cytoplasmic and nuclear activities including autophagy, apoptosis, chromatin dynamics, and DNA repair. Characterizations of the functions of the actin assembly machinery in such stress response mechanisms are advancing our understanding of both normal and pathogenic processes, and hold great promise for providing insights into organismal development and interventions for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Nadine M Lebek
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Virginia L King
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut; Storrs, CT, USA
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14
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Wu C, Rakhshandehroo T, Wettersten HI, Campos A, von Schalscha T, Jain S, Yu Z, Tan J, Mose E, Childers BG, Lowy AM, Weis SM, Cheresh DA. Pancreatic cancer cells upregulate LPAR4 in response to isolation stress to promote an ECM-enriched niche and support tumour initiation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:309-322. [PMID: 36646789 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Defining drivers of tumour initiation can provide opportunities to control cancer progression. Here we report that lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 (LPAR4) becomes transiently upregulated on pancreatic cancer cells exposed to environmental stress or chemotherapy where it promotes stress tolerance, drug resistance, self-renewal and tumour initiation. Pancreatic cancer cells gain LPAR4 expression in response to stress by downregulating a tumour suppressor, miR-139-5p. Even in the absence of exogenous lysophosphatidic acid, LPAR4-expressing tumour cells display an enrichment of extracellular matrix genes that are established drivers of cancer stemness. Mechanistically, upregulation of fibronectin via an LPAR4/AKT/CREB axis is indispensable for LPAR4-induced tumour initiation and stress tolerance. Moreover, ligation of this fibronectin-containing matrix via integrins α5β1 or αVβ3 can transfer stress tolerance to LPAR4-negative cells. Therefore, stress- or drug-induced LPAR4 enhances cell-autonomous production of a fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix, allowing cells to survive 'isolation stress' and compensate for the absence of stromal-derived factors by creating their own tumour-initiating niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taha Rakhshandehroo
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiromi I Wettersten
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Campos
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tami von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shashi Jain
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ziqi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiali Tan
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Evangeline Mose
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Betzaira G Childers
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara M Weis
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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15
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Saliakoura M, Konstantinidou G. Lipid Metabolic Alterations in KRAS Mutant Tumors: Unmasking New Vulnerabilities for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021793. [PMID: 36675307 PMCID: PMC9864058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most commonly mutated genes, an event that leads to development of highly aggressive and resistant to any type of available therapy tumors. Mutated KRAS drives a complex network of lipid metabolic rearrangements to support the adaptation of cancer cells to harsh environmental conditions and ensure their survival. Because there has been only a little success in the continuous efforts of effectively targeting KRAS-driven tumors, it is of outmost importance to delineate the exact mechanisms of how they get rewired, leading to this distinctive phenotype. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the available data acquired over the last years with regard to the lipid metabolic regulation of KRAS-driven tumors and elucidate their specific characteristics in an attempt to unravel novel therapeutic targets.
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16
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Wang F, Yan X, Hua Y, Song J, Liu D, Yang C, Peng F, Kang F, Hui Y. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its related molecules participate in PROK1 silence-induced anti-tumor effects on pancreatic cancer. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220538. [PMID: 37070074 PMCID: PMC10105552 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway can be initiated by PROK1 (prokineticin 1), but its effect and mechanism of action in pancreatic carcinoma (PC) are not fully understood. In this study, we elucidated the roles of PROK1 and its related molecules in PC in vivo. PANC-1 cells with PROK1 knockdown were injected into BALB/c nude mice. The growth and weight of the tumor were monitored and measured, which was followed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling), immunohistochemical staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The key proteins related to proliferation, apoptosis, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were determined by Western blotting. We also used public databases to identify the molecules related to PROK1. The reduction of PROK1 inhibited angiopoiesis and promoted apoptosis in vivo. PCNA-1, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 decreased considerably, while Bax and cleaved caspase-3 increased significantly after PROK1 inhibition. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal inhibition was also closely associated with PROK1 knockdown. The possible related molecules of PROK1, such as von Willebrand factor, were screened and considered to be involved in the aberrant activation of PI3K/AKT. In conclusion, PROK1 knockdown significantly prevented tumor growth and promoted apoptosis of human PC cells in vivo, where the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was probably inhibited. Therefore, PROK1, along with its related molecules, might be important targets for PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan750001, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Yinchuan750001, China
| | - Xiaogang Yan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan750001, China
| | - Yongqiang Hua
- Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Jianjun Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan750001, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Yinchuan750001, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan750001, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Yinchuan750001, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan750001, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Edong Healthcare Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi435002, Hubei, China
| | - Fuping Kang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan750001, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Yinchuan750001, China
| | - Yongfeng Hui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan750001, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Diseases, Yinchuan750001, China
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17
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Konopa A, Meier MA, Franz MJ, Bernardinelli E, Voegele AL, Atreya R, Ribback S, Roessler S, Aigner A, Singer K, Singer S, Sarikas A, Muehlich S. LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1) is a novel interaction partner of Filamin A that promotes Filamin A phosphorylation, MRTF-A transcriptional activity and oncogene-induced senescence. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:69. [PMID: 36577757 PMCID: PMC9797565 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors A and B (MRTFs) are coactivators of Serum Response Factor (SRF), which controls fundamental biological processes such as cell growth, migration, and differentiation. MRTF and SRF transcriptional activity play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth, which represents the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in humans worldwide. We, therefore, searched for druggable targets in HCC that regulate MRTF/SRF transcriptional activity and can be exploited therapeutically for HCC therapy. We identified the G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) as a novel interaction partner of MRTF-A and Filamin A (FLNA) using fluorescence resonance energy transfer-(FRET) and proximity ligation assay (PLA) in vitro in HCC cells and in vivo in organoids. We found that LPAR1 promotes FLNA phosphorylation at S2152 which enhances the complex formation of FLNA and MRTF-A, actin polymerization, and MRTF transcriptional activity. Pharmacological blockade or depletion of LPAR1 prevents FLNA phosphorylation and complex formation with MRTF-A, resulting in reduced MRTF/SRF target gene expression and oncogene-induced senescence. Thus, inhibition of the LPAR1-FLNA-MRTF-A interaction represents a promising strategy for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Konopa
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie A. Meier
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miriam J. Franz
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Emanuele Bernardinelli
- grid.21604.310000 0004 0523 5263Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna-Lena Voegele
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Ribback
- grid.5603.0Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Singer
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department for Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department for Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- grid.21604.310000 0004 0523 5263Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Muehlich
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Papalazarou V, Drew J, Juin A, Spence HJ, Whitelaw J, Nixon C, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Machesky LM. Collagen VI expression is negatively mechanosensitive in pancreatic cancer cells and supports the metastatic niche. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259978. [PMID: 36546396 PMCID: PMC9845737 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly and highly metastatic disease, although how metastatic lesions establish is not fully understood. A key feature of pancreatic tumours is extensive fibrosis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). While pancreatic cancer cells are programmed by stimuli derived from a stiff ECM, metastasis requires loss of attachment and adaptation to a softer microenvironment at distant sites. Growing evidence suggests that stiff ECM influences pancreatic cancer cell behaviour. Here, we argue that this influence is reversible and that pancreatic cancer cells can be reprogrammed upon sensing soft substrates. Using engineered polyacrylamide hydrogels with tuneable mechanical properties, we show that collagen VI is specifically upregulated in pancreatic cancer cells on soft substrates, due to a lack of integrin engagement. Furthermore, the expression of collagen VI is inversely correlated with mechanosensing and activity of YAP (also known as YAP1), which might be due to a direct or indirect effect on transcription of genes encoding collagen VI. Collagen VI supports migration in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo. Metastatic nodules formed by pancreatic cancer cells lacking Col6a1 display stromal cell-derived collagen VI deposition, suggesting that collagen VI derived from either cancer cells or the stroma is an essential component of the metastatic niche. This article has an associated First Person interview with Vasileios Papalazarou, joint first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Papalazarou
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow,Glasgow G11 6EW, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - James Drew
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Amelie Juin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Heather J. Spence
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jamie Whitelaw
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Laura M. Machesky
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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19
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Kramer DA, Piper HK, Chen B. WASP family proteins: Molecular mechanisms and implications in human disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151244. [PMID: 35667337 PMCID: PMC9357188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family play a central role in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics in a wide range of cellular processes. Genetic mutations or misregulation of these proteins are tightly associated with many diseases. The WASP-family proteins act by transmitting various upstream signals to their conserved WH2-Central-Acidic (WCA) peptide sequence at the C-terminus, which in turn binds to the Arp2/3 complex to stimulate the formation of branched actin networks at membranes. Despite this common feature, the regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions of distinct WASP-family proteins are very different. Here, we summarize and clarify our current understanding of WASP-family proteins and how disruption of their functions is related to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Kramer
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Hannah K Piper
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, 2437 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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20
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Insall RH, Paschke P, Tweedy L. Steering yourself by the bootstraps: how cells create their own gradients for chemotaxis. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:585-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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García-Jiménez I, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Del-Río-Robles JE, Castillo-Kauil A, Beltrán-Navarro YM, García-Román J, Reyes-Cruz G, Vázquez-Prado J. Gβγ mediates activation of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF17 that promotes metastatic lung cancer progression. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101440. [PMID: 34808208 PMCID: PMC8703085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lung cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Dissemination of cancer cells can be facilitated by various agonists within the tumor microenvironment, including by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We postulate that Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), which integrate signaling cues driving cell migration, are critical effectors in metastatic cancer. Specifically, we addressed the hypothetical role of ARHGEF17, a RhoGEF, as a potential effector of Gβγ in metastatic lung cancer cells responding to LPA. Here, we show that ARHGEF17, originally identified as a tumor endothelial marker, is involved in tumor growth and metastatic dissemination of lung cancer cells in an immunocompetent murine model. Gene expression–based analysis of lung cancer datasets showed that increased levels of ARHGEF17 correlated with reduced survival of patients with advanced-stage tumors. Cellular assays also revealed that this RhoGEF participates in the invasive and migratory responses elicited by Gi protein–coupled LPA receptors via the Gβγ subunit complex. We demonstrate that this signaling heterodimer promoted ARHGEF17 recruitment to the cell periphery and actin fibers. Moreover, Gβγ allosterically activates ARHGEF17 by the removal of inhibitory intramolecular restrictions. Taken together, our results indicate that ARHGEF17 may be a valid potential target in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.
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22
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Murphy KJ, Reed DA, Vennin C, Conway JRW, Nobis M, Yin JX, Chambers CR, Pereira BA, Lee V, Filipe EC, Trpceski M, Ritchie S, Lucas MC, Warren SC, Skhinas JN, Magenau A, Metcalf XL, Stoehr J, Major G, Parkin A, Bidanel R, Lyons RJ, Zaratzian A, Tayao M, Da Silva A, Abdulkhalek L, Gill AJ, Johns AL, Biankin AV, Samra J, Grimmond SM, Chou A, Goetz JG, Samuel MS, Lyons JG, Burgess A, Caldon CE, Horvath LG, Daly RJ, Gadegaard N, Wang Y, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Cox TR, Pajic M, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Intravital imaging technology guides FAK-mediated priming in pancreatic cancer precision medicine according to Merlin status. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh0363. [PMID: 34586840 PMCID: PMC8480933 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic, chemoresistant malignancy and is characterized by a dense, desmoplastic stroma that modulates PDAC progression. Here, we visualized transient manipulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which integrates bidirectional cell-environment signaling, using intravital fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of the FAK-based Förster resonance energy transfer biosensor in mouse and patient-derived PDAC models. Parallel real-time quantification of the FUCCI cell cycle reporter guided us to improve PDAC response to standard-of-care chemotherapy at primary and secondary sites. Critically, micropatterned pillar plates and stiffness-tunable matrices were used to pinpoint the contribution of environmental cues to chemosensitization, while fluid flow–induced shear stress assessment, patient-derived matrices, and personalized in vivo models allowed us to deconstruct how FAK inhibition can reduce PDAC spread. Last, stratification of PDAC patient samples via Merlin status revealed a patient subset with poor prognosis that are likely to respond to FAK priming before chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J. Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Claire Vennin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James R. W. Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Max Nobis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Julia X. Yin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cecilia R. Chambers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Brooke A. Pereira
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Victoria Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Elysse C. Filipe
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Shona Ritchie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Morghan C. Lucas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C. Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Joanna N. Skhinas
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Astrid Magenau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xanthe L. Metcalf
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Janett Stoehr
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Gretel Major
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Parkin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Romain Bidanel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ruth J. Lyons
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Tayao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Da Silva
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lea Abdulkhalek
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Australian Pancreatic Genome Initiative (APGI)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2064, Australia
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- INSERM UMR, Tumour Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Australian Pancreatic Cancer Matrix Atlas (APMA)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2064, Australia
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- INSERM UMR, Tumour Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony J. Gill
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Amber L. Johns
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jaswinder Samra
- Department of Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sean M. Grimmond
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Research Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, NSW 2064, Australia
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SydPath, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jacky G. Goetz
- INSERM UMR, Tumour Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael S. Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J. Guy Lyons
- Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - C. Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Roger J. Daly
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas R. Cox
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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23
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Sigismund S, Lanzetti L, Scita G, Di Fiore PP. Endocytosis in the context-dependent regulation of individual and collective cell properties. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:625-643. [PMID: 34075221 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane. In addition, it is involved in the termination of signalling through receptor downmodulation and degradation. This traditional outlook has been substantially modified in recent years by discoveries that endocytosis and subsequent trafficking routes have a profound impact on the positive regulation and propagation of signals, being key for the spatiotemporal regulation of signal transmission in cells. Accordingly, endocytosis and membrane trafficking regulate virtually every aspect of cell physiology and are frequently subverted in pathological conditions. Two key aspects of endocytic control over signalling are coming into focus: context-dependency and long-range effects. First, endocytic-regulated outputs are not stereotyped but heavily dependent on the cell-specific regulation of endocytic networks. Second, endocytic regulation has an impact not only on individual cells but also on the behaviour of cellular collectives. Herein, we will discuss recent advancements in these areas, highlighting how endocytic trafficking impacts complex cell properties, including cell polarity and collective cell migration, and the relevance of these mechanisms to disease, in particular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigismund
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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24
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Wong M, Gilmour D. Going your own way: Self-guidance mechanisms in cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:116-123. [PMID: 34403875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
How cells and tissues migrate from one location to another is a question of significant biological and medical relevance. Migration is generally thought to be controlled by external hardwired guidance cues, which cells follow by polarizing their internal locomotory machinery in the imposed direction. However, a number of recently discovered 'self-guidance' mechanisms have revealed that migrating cells have more control over the path they follow than previously thought. Here, directional information is generated by the migrating cells themselves via a dynamic interplay of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic regulators. In this review, we discuss how self-guidance can emerge from mechanisms acting at different levels of scale and how these enable cells to rapidly adapt to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Wong
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Darren Gilmour
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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Migration cues interpretation by clathrin-coated structures. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:100-105. [PMID: 34391036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is oriented by cues from the environment. Such cues are read and interpreted by the cell and translated into a reorganization of the migration machinery to steer migration. Receptors at the cell surface are central to detect these cues. These receptors can be internalized and this plays an important role in the decision-making process leading to choosing a migration direction. Independently of endocytosis, recent findings suggest that regulation of these receptors and translation of the information they carry into a phenotype is facilitated by their clustering at discrete locations of the plasma membrane. Clathrin-coated structures are archetypal clustering assemblies and thus provide the cell with a finely tunable mechanism for controlling receptor availability. In addition, clathrin-coated structures can be regulated by many factors playing a role in cell migration and thus take part in feedback loop mechanisms that are instrumental in defining a migration direction.
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26
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Cancer Cells: What Makes LPA So Special? Cells 2021; 10:cells10082059. [PMID: 34440828 PMCID: PMC8394178 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) refers to a family of simple phospholipids that act as ligands for G protein-coupled receptors. While LPA exerts effects throughout the body in normal physiological circumstances, its pathological role in cancer is of great interest from a therapeutic viewpoint. The numerous LPA receptors (LPARs) are coupled to a variety of G proteins, and more than one LPAR is typically expressed on any given cell. While the individual receptors signal through conventional GPCR pathways, LPA is particularly efficacious in stimulating cancer cell proliferation and migration. This review addresses the mechanistic aspects underlying these pro-tumorigenic effects. We provide examples of LPA signaling responses in various types of cancers, with an emphasis on those where roles have been identified for specific LPARs. While providing an overview of LPAR signaling, these examples also reveal gaps in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of LPA action at the receptor level. The current understanding of the LPAR structure and the roles of LPAR interactions with other receptors are discussed. Overall, LPARs provide insight into the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of individual GPCRs (or combinations of GPCRs) to elicit a unique spectrum of responses from their agonist ligands. Further knowledge of these mechanisms will inform drug discovery, since GPCRs are promising therapeutic targets for cancer.
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27
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SenGupta S, Parent CA, Bear JE. The principles of directed cell migration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:529-547. [PMID: 33990789 PMCID: PMC8663916 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells have the ability to respond to various types of environmental cues, and in many cases these cues induce directed cell migration towards or away from these signals. How cells sense these cues and how they transmit that information to the cytoskeletal machinery governing cell translocation is one of the oldest and most challenging problems in biology. Chemotaxis, or migration towards diffusible chemical cues, has been studied for more than a century, but information is just now beginning to emerge about how cells respond to other cues, such as substrate-associated cues during haptotaxis (chemical cues on the surface), durotaxis (mechanical substrate compliance) and topotaxis (geometric features of substrate). Here we propose four common principles, or pillars, that underlie all forms of directed migration. First, a signal must be generated, a process that in physiological environments is much more nuanced than early studies suggested. Second, the signal must be sensed, sometimes by cell surface receptors, but also in ways that are not entirely clear, such as in the case of mechanical cues. Third, the signal has to be transmitted from the sensing modules to the machinery that executes the actual movement, a step that often requires amplification. Fourth, the signal has to be converted into the application of asymmetric force relative to the substrate, which involves mostly the cytoskeleton, but perhaps other players as well. Use of these four pillars has allowed us to compare some of the similarities between different types of directed migration, but also to highlight the remarkable diversity in the mechanisms that cells use to respond to different cues provided by their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvasree SenGupta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carole A Parent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James E Bear
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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28
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Murphy KJ, Chambers CR, Herrmann D, Timpson P, Pereira BA. Dynamic Stromal Alterations Influence Tumor-Stroma Crosstalk to Promote Pancreatic Cancer and Treatment Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3481. [PMID: 34298706 PMCID: PMC8305001 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer studies now recognize that disease initiation, progression, and response to treatment are strongly influenced by the microenvironmental niche. Widespread desmoplasia, or fibrosis, is fundamental to pancreatic cancer development, growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. This fibrotic landscape is largely regulated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which deposit and remodel extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review will explore the prognostic and functional value of the stromal compartment in predicting outcomes and clinical prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We will also discuss the major dynamic stromal alterations that occur in the pancreatic TME during tumor development and progression, and how the stromal ECM can influence cancer cell phenotype, metabolism, and immune response from a biochemical and biomechanical viewpoint. Lastly, we will provide an outlook on the latest clinical advances in the field of anti-fibrotic co-targeting in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy in PDAC, providing insight into the current challenges in treating this highly aggressive, fibrotic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J. Murphy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cecilia R. Chambers
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Brooke A. Pereira
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; (K.J.M.); (C.R.C.); (D.H.)
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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29
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Molecular subversion of Cdc42 signalling in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1425-1442. [PMID: 34196668 PMCID: PMC8412110 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and a master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, controlling cell motility, polarity and cell cycle progression. This small G protein and its regulators have been the subject of many years of fruitful investigation and the advent of functional genomics and proteomics has opened up new avenues of exploration including how it functions at specific locations in the cell. This has coincided with the introduction of new structural techniques with the ability to study small GTPases in the context of the membrane. The role of Cdc42 in cancer is well established but the molecular details of its action are still being uncovered. Here we review alterations found to Cdc42 itself and to key components of the signal transduction pathways it controls in cancer. Given the challenges encountered with targeting small G proteins directly therapeutically, it is arguably the regulators of Cdc42 and the effector signalling pathways downstream of the small G protein which will be the most tractable targets for therapeutic intervention. These will require interrogation in order to fully understand the global signalling contribution of Cdc42, unlock the potential for mapping new signalling axes and ultimately produce inhibitors of Cdc42 driven signalling.
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30
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Khan I, Steeg PS. Endocytosis: a pivotal pathway for regulating metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:66-75. [PMID: 33262521 PMCID: PMC7782782 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A potentially important aspect in the regulation of tumour metastasis is endocytosis. This process consists of internalisation of cell-surface receptors via pinocytosis, phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, the latter of which includes clathrin-, caveolae- and non-clathrin or caveolae-mediated mechanisms. Endocytosis then progresses through several intracellular compartments for sorting and routing of cargo, ending in lysosomal degradation, recycling back to the cell surface or secretion. Multiple endocytic proteins are dysregulated in cancer and regulate tumour metastasis, particularly migration and invasion. Importantly, four metastasis suppressor genes function in part by regulating endocytosis, namely, the NME, KAI, MTSS1 and KISS1 pathways. Data on metastasis suppressors identify a new point of dysregulation operative in tumour metastasis, alterations in signalling through endocytosis. This review will focus on the multicomponent process of endocytosis affecting different steps of metastasis and how metastatic-suppressor genes use endocytosis to suppress metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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31
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Tweedy L, Thomason PA, Paschke PI, Martin K, Machesky LM, Zagnoni M, Insall RH. Seeing around corners: Cells solve mazes and respond at a distance using attractant breakdown. Science 2020; 369:eaay9792. [PMID: 32855311 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/11/2024]
Abstract
During development and metastasis, cells migrate large distances through complex environments. Migration is often guided by chemotaxis, but simple chemoattractant gradients between a source and sink cannot direct cells over such ranges. We describe how self-generated gradients, created by cells locally degrading attractant, allow single cells to navigate long, tortuous paths and make accurate choices between live channels and dead ends. This allows cells to solve complex mazes efficiently. Cells' accuracy at finding live channels was determined by attractant diffusivity, cell speed, and path complexity. Manipulating these parameters directed cells in mathematically predictable ways; specific combinations can even actively misdirect them. We propose that the length and complexity of many long-range migratory processes, including inflammation and germ cell migration, means that self-generated gradients are needed for successful navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Tweedy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Peggy I Paschke
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kirsty Martin
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Laura M Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Michele Zagnoni
- Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
| | - Robert H Insall
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Abstract
The actin remodeling factor N-WASP is best known as an Arp2/3 complex activator in processes like endocytosis, extracellular matrix degradation, and host-pathogen interaction. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Juin et al. establish a novel trafficking function for N-WASP in driving lysophosphatidic acid-dependent chemotaxis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemens Rottner
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schaks
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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33
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Hidalgo-Sastre A, Desztics J, Dantes Z, Schulte K, Ensarioglu HK, Bassey-Archibong B, Öllinger R, Engleiter T, Rayner L, Einwächter H, Daniel JM, Altaee ASA, Steiger K, Lesina M, Rad R, Reichert M, von Figura G, Siveke JT, Schmid RM, Lubeseder-Martellato C. Loss of Wasl improves pancreatic cancer outcome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:127275. [PMID: 32434991 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have suggested an oncogenic role for the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP, encoded by the Wasl gene), but thus far, little is known about its function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we performed in silico analysis of WASL expression in PDAC patients and found a correlation between low WASL expression and prolonged survival. To clarify the role of Wasl in pancreatic carcinogenesis, we used 2 oncogenic Kras-based PDAC mouse models with pancreas-specific Wasl deletion. In line with human data, both mouse models had an increased survival benefit due to either impaired tumor development in the presence of the tumor suppressor Trp53 or the delayed tumor progression and senescent phenotype upon genetic ablation of Trp53. Mechanistically, loss of Wasl resulted in cell-autonomous senescence through displacement of the N-WASP binding partners WASP-interacting protein (WIP) and p120ctn; vesicular accumulation of GSK3β, as well as YAP1 and phosphorylated β-catenin, which are components of the destruction complex; and upregulation of Cdkn1a(p21), a master regulator of senescence. Our findings, thus, indicate that Wasl functions in an oncogenic manner in PDAC by promoting the deregulation of the p120-catenin/β-catenin/p21 pathway. Therefore, strategies to reduce N-WASP activity might improve the survival outcomes of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hidalgo-Sastre
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Judit Desztics
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Zahra Dantes
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schulte
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Hilal Kabadayi Ensarioglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Turkey
| | | | - Rupert Öllinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Thomas Engleiter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Lyndsay Rayner
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henrik Einwächter
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Juliet M Daniel
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Katia Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Lesina
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics and
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Technical University of Munich, Germany.,Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
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34
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Nikolaou S, Machesky LM. The stressful tumour environment drives plasticity of cell migration programmes, contributing to metastasis. J Pathol 2020; 250:612-623. [PMID: 32057095 PMCID: PMC7216910 DOI: 10.1002/path.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumours evolve to cope with environmental stresses or challenges such as nutrient starvation, depletion of survival factors, and unbalanced mechanical forces. The uncontrolled growth and aberrant deregulation of core cell homeostatic pathways induced by genetic mutations create an environment of stress. Here, we explore how the adaptations of tumours to the changing environment can drive changes in the motility machinery of cells, affecting migration, invasion, and metastasis. Tumour cells can invade individually or collectively, or they can be extruded out of the surrounding epithelium. These mechanisms are thought to be modifications of normal processes occurring during development or tissue repair. Therefore, tumours may activate these pathways in response to environmental stresses, enabling them to survive in hostile environments and spread to distant sites. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Nikolaou
- Division of Cancer Metastasis and RecurrenceCRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Laura M Machesky
- Division of Cancer Metastasis and RecurrenceCRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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35
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Kabrawala S, Zimmer MD, Campellone KG. WHIMP links the actin nucleation machinery to Src-family kinase signaling during protrusion and motility. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008694. [PMID: 32196488 PMCID: PMC7112243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is governed by cooperation between the Arp2/3 complex and nucleation-promoting factors from the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family, which together assemble actin filament networks to drive membrane protrusion. Here we identify WHIMP (WAVE Homology In Membrane Protrusions) as a new member of the WASP family. The Whimp gene is encoded on the X chromosome of a subset of mammals, including mice. Murine WHIMP promotes Arp2/3-dependent actin assembly, but is less potent than other nucleation factors. Nevertheless, WHIMP-mediated Arp2/3 activation enhances both plasma membrane ruffling and wound healing migration, whereas WHIMP depletion impairs protrusion and slows motility. WHIMP expression also increases Src-family kinase activity, and WHIMP-induced ruffles contain the additional nucleation-promoting factors WAVE1, WAVE2, and N-WASP, but not JMY or WASH. Perturbing the function of Src-family kinases, WAVE proteins, or Arp2/3 complex inhibits WHIMP-driven ruffling. These results suggest that WHIMP-associated actin assembly plays a direct role in membrane protrusion, but also results in feedback control of tyrosine kinase signaling to modulate the activation of multiple WASP-family members. The actin cytoskeleton is a collection of protein polymers that assemble and disassemble within cells at specific times and locations. Sophisticated cytoskeletal regulators called nucleation-promoting factors ensure that actin polymerizes when and where it is needed, and many of these factors are members of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family. Several of the 8 known WASP-family proteins function in cell motility, but how the different factors collaborate with one another is not well understood. In this study, we identified WHIMP, a new WASP-family member that is encoded on the X chromosome of a variety of mammals. In mouse cells, WHIMP enhances cell motility by assembling actin filaments that push the plasma membrane forward. Unexpectedly, WHIMP also activates tyrosine kinases, enzymes that stimulate multiple WASP-family members during motility. Our results open new avenues of research into how nucleation factors cooperate during movement and how the molecular activities that underlie motility differ in distinct cell types and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shail Kabrawala
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Margaret D. Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kenneth G. Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Papalazarou V, Zhang T, Paul NR, Juin A, Cantini M, Maddocks ODK, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Machesky LM. The creatine-phosphagen system is mechanoresponsive in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and fuels invasion and metastasis. Nat Metab 2020; 2:62-80. [PMID: 32694686 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is particularly metastatic, with dismal survival rates and few treatment options. Stiff fibrotic stroma is a hallmark of pancreatic tumours, but how stromal mechanosensing affects metastasis is still unclear. Here, we show that mechanical changes in the pancreatic cancer cell environment affect not only adhesion and migration, but also ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios. Unbiased metabolomic analysis reveals that the creatine-phosphagen ATP-recycling system is a major mechanosensitive target. This system depends on arginine flux through the urea cycle, which is reflected by the increased incorporation of carbon and nitrogen from L-arginine into creatine and phosphocreatine on stiff matrix. We identify that CKB is a mechanosensitive transcriptional target of YAP, and thus it increases phosphocreatine production. We further demonstrate that the creatine-phosphagen system has a role in invasive migration, chemotaxis and liver metastasis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Papalazarou
- University of Glasgow Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Glasgow, UK
- University of Glasgow Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tong Zhang
- University of Glasgow Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Marco Cantini
- University of Glasgow Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Laura M Machesky
- University of Glasgow Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK.
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
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