1
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Yaba A, Thalheim T, Schneider MR. The role of cell-cell and cell-matrix junctional complexes in sebaceous gland homeostasis and differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:445. [PMID: 39313816 PMCID: PMC11421122 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SG) are essential for maintaining skin integrity, as their lipid-rich secretion (sebum) lubricates and protects the epidermis and hairs. In addition, these glands have an emerging role in immunomodulation and may affect whole-body energy metabolism, besides being an appealing model for research in topics as lipogenesis, stem cell biology and tumorigenesis. In spite of the increasing interest in studying SGs pathophysiology, sebocyte cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion processes have been only superficially examined, and never in a systematic way. This is regrettable considering the key role of cellular adhesion in general, the specific expression pattern of indivdual junctional complexes, and the reports of structural changes in SGs after altered expression of adhesion-relevant proteins. Here, we review the available information on structural and functional aspects of cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions in sebocytes, and how these processes change under pathological conditions. This information will contribute for better understanding sebocyte differentiation and sebum secretion, and may provide hints for novel therapeutic strategies for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Yaba
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Torsten Thalheim
- Present Address: Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, 04347, Leipzig, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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2
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Vietri Rudan M, Sipilä KH, Philippeos C, Ganier C, Bhosale PG, Negri VA, Watt FM. Neutral evolution of snoRNA Host Gene long non-coding RNA affects cell fate control. EMBO J 2024; 43:4049-4067. [PMID: 39054371 PMCID: PMC11405852 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in molecular biology is to understand how evolving genomes can acquire new functions. Actively transcribed, non-coding parts of the genome provide a potential platform for the development of new functional sequences, but their biological and evolutionary roles remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that a set of neutrally evolving long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose introns encode small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA Host Genes, SNHGs) are highly expressed in skin and dysregulated in inflammatory conditions. Using SNHG7 and human epidermal keratinocytes as a model, we describe a mechanism by which these lncRNAs can increase self-renewal and inhibit differentiation. The activity of SNHG7 lncRNA has been recently acquired in the primate lineage and depends on a short sequence required for microRNA binding. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of understanding the role of fast-evolving transcripts in normal and diseased epithelia, and show how poorly conserved, actively transcribed non-coding sequences can participate in the evolution of genomic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vietri Rudan
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kalle H Sipilä
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Christina Philippeos
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Clarisse Ganier
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Priyanka G Bhosale
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Victor A Negri
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Directors' Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Estrach S, Vivier CM, Féral CC. ECM and epithelial stem cells: the scaffold of destiny. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1359585. [PMID: 38572486 PMCID: PMC10987781 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1359585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells play a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting longevity. The intricate organization and presence of common markers among adult epithelial stem cells in the intestine, lung, and skin serve as hallmarks of these cells. The specific location pattern of these cells within their respective organs highlights the significance of the niche in which they reside. The extracellular matrix (ECM) not only provides physical support but also acts as a reservoir for various biochemical and biophysical signals. We will consider differences in proliferation, repair, and regenerative capacities of the three epithelia and review how environmental cues emerging from the niche regulate cell fate. These cues are transduced via mechanosignaling, regulating gene expression, and bring us to the concept of the fate scaffold. Understanding both the analogies and discrepancies in the mechanisms that govern stem cell fate in various organs can offer valuable insights for rejuvenation therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soline Estrach
- INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Chloé C. Féral
- INSERM, CNRS, IRCAN, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
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Yang H, Iwanaga N, Katz AR, Ridley AR, Miller HD, Allen MJ, Pociask D, Kolls JK. Embigin Is Highly Expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells but Is Dispensable for Several T Cell Effector Responses. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:242-253. [PMID: 38446446 PMCID: PMC10985056 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell immunity, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, is critical to host immune responses to infection. Transcriptomic analyses of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of C57BL/6 mice show high expression the gene encoding embigin, Emb, which encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein. Moreover, we found that lung CD4+ Th17 tissue-resident memory T cells of C57BL/6 mice also express high levels of Emb. However, deletion of Emb in αβ T cells of C57BL/6 mice revealed that Emb is dispensable for thymic T cell development, generation of lung Th17 tissue-resident memory T cells, tissue-resident memory T cell homing to the lung, experimental autoimmune encephalitis, as well as clearance of pulmonary viral or fungal infection. Thus, based on this study, embigin appears to play a minor role if any in αβ T cell development or αβ T cell effector functions in C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Naoki Iwanaga
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Alexis R. Katz
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Andy R. Ridley
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Haiyan D. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Michaela J. Allen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Dereck Pociask
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Talvi S, Jokinen J, Sipilä K, Rappu P, Zhang FP, Poutanen M, Rantakari P, Heino J. Embigin deficiency leads to delayed embryonic lung development and high neonatal mortality in mice. iScience 2024; 27:108914. [PMID: 38318368 PMCID: PMC10839689 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Embigin (Gp70), a receptor for fibronectin and an ancillary protein for monocarboxylate transporters, is known to regulate stem cell niches in sebaceous gland and bone marrow. Here, we show that embigin expression is at high level during early mouse embryogenesis and that embigin is essential for lung development. Markedly increased neonatal mortality of Emb-/- mice can be explained by the compromised lung maturation: in Emb-/- mice (E17.5) the number and the size of the small airways and distal airspace are significantly smaller, there are fewer ATI and ATII cells, and the alkaline phosphatase activity in amniotic fluid is lower. Emb-/- lungs show less peripheral branching already at E12.5, and embigin is highly expressed in lung primordium. Thus, embigin function is essential at early pseudoglandular stage or even earlier. Furthermore, our RNA-seq analysis and Ki67 staining results support the idea that the development of Emb-/- lungs is rather delayed than defected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salli Talvi
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Jokinen
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle Sipilä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R2LS, UK
| | - Pekka Rappu
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Rantakari
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Thalheim T, Schneider MR. Skin single-cell transcriptomics reveals a core of sebaceous gland-relevant genes shared by mice and humans. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:137. [PMID: 38310227 PMCID: PMC10837983 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely applied to dissect cellular heterogeneity in normal and diseased skin. Sebaceous glands, essential skin components with established functions in maintaining skin integrity and emerging roles in systemic energy metabolism, have been largely neglected in scRNA-seq studies. METHODS Departing from mouse and human skin scRNA-seq datasets, we identified gene sets expressed especially in sebaceous glands with the open-source R-package oposSOM. RESULTS The identified gene sets included sebaceous gland-typical genes as Scd3, Mgst1, Cidea, Awat2 and KRT7. Surprisingly, however, there was not a single overlap among the 100 highest, exclusively in sebaceous glands expressed transcripts in mouse and human samples. Notably, both species share a common core of only 25 transcripts, including mitochondrial and peroxisomal genes involved in fatty acid, amino acid, and glucose processing, thus highlighting the intense metabolic rate of this gland. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights intrinsic differences in sebaceous lipid synthesis between mice and humans, and indicates an important role for peroxisomal processes in this context. Our data also provides attractive starting points for experimentally addressing novel candidates regulating sebaceous gland homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Thalheim
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- Present Address: Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH, Torgauer Str. 116, 04347, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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Raja E, Clarin MTRDC, Yanagisawa H. Matricellular Proteins in the Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Aging of Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14274. [PMID: 37762584 PMCID: PMC10531864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted extracellular proteins that bear no primary structural functions but play crucial roles in tissue remodeling during development, homeostasis, and aging. Despite their low expression after birth, matricellular proteins within skin compartments support the structural function of many extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens. In this review, we summarize the function of matricellular proteins in skin stem cell niches that influence stem cells' fate and self-renewal ability. In the epidermal stem cell niche, fibulin 7 promotes epidermal stem cells' heterogeneity and fitness into old age, and the transforming growth factor-β-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI)-enhances epidermal stem cell growth and wound healing. In the hair follicle stem cell niche, matricellular proteins such as periostin, tenascin C, SPARC, fibulin 1, CCN2, and R-Spondin 2 and 3 modulate stem cell activity during the hair cycle and may stabilize arrector pili muscle attachment to the hair follicle during piloerections (goosebumps). In skin wound healing, matricellular proteins are upregulated, and their functions have been examined in various gain-and-loss-of-function studies. However, much remains unknown concerning whether these proteins modulate skin stem cell behavior, plasticity, or cell-cell communications during wound healing and aging, leaving a new avenue for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Raja
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
| | - Maria Thea Rane Dela Cruz Clarin
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Humanics, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (E.R.); (M.T.R.D.C.C.)
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Zouboulis CC, Coenye T, He L, Kabashima K, Kobayashi T, Niemann C, Nomura T, Oláh A, Picardo M, Quist SR, Sasano H, Schneider MR, Törőcsik D, Wong SY. Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1029818. [PMID: 36439142 PMCID: PMC9686445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept of sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes the numerous activities of the sebaceous gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production and the development of seborrhea and acne. Sebaceous lipids, which represent 90% of the skin surface lipids in adolescents and adults, are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory skin diseases. Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell and sebocyte models have clarified the roles of distinct stem cells in sebaceous gland physiology and sebocyte function control mechanisms. The sebaceous gland represents an integral part of the pilosebaceous unit and its status is connected to hair follicle morphogenesis. Interestingly, professional inflammatory cells contribute to sebocyte differentiation and homeostasis, whereas the regulation of sebaceous gland function by immune cells is antigen-independent. Inflammation is involved in the very earliest differentiation changes of the pilosebaceous unit in acne. Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. Expressing inflammatory mediators, sebocytes also contribute to the polarization of cutaneous T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. In addition, the immune response of the perifollicular infiltrate depends on factors produced by the sebaceous glands, mostly sebaceous lipids. Human sebocytes in vitro express functional pattern recognition receptors, which are likely to interact with bacteria in acne pathogenesis. Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and a selective apoptotic process contribute to a complex regulation of sebocyte-induced immunological reaction in numerous acquired and congenital skin diseases, including hair diseases and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Attila Oláh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mauro Picardo
- San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven R. Quist
- Department of Dermatology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen and ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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