1
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Jo R, Itoh H, Shibata H. Mineralocorticoid receptor overactivation in diabetes mellitus: role of O-GlcNAc modification. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:2126-2132. [PMID: 38789539 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for microangiopathy and cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. The efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists in impeding the advancement of diabetic nephropathy, along with the reduction in active renin concentration observed in diabetic retinopathy, strongly implies the involvement of MR overactivation in diabetic complications. This review provides a comprehensive review of various mechanisms proposed for MR overactivation in diabetes mellitus. In particular, it focuses on post-translational MR modifications, including O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification and phosphorylation, which have been implicated in MR protein stabilization and overactivation under conditions of high glucose. Given the role of MR overactivation in hyperglycemia, it emerges as a promising therapeutic target for preventing diabetic complications. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation, are related to MR overactivation in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Aldosterone binding promotes the proteasomal degradation of MR. Under conditions of high glucose, O-GlcNAcylation, and PKCβ-mediated MR phosphorylation are increased. Salt loading and oxidative stress also increase MR phosphorylation through the EGER/ERK pathway. PTMs inhibit ubiquitin attachment to the MR and interfere with the receptor's aldosterone-induced proteasomal degradation. Consequently, they increase the sensitivity of the MR to aldosterone and exacerbate aldosterone-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Jo
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
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2
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Zhang J, Wang Y. Emerging roles of O-GlcNAcylation in protein trafficking and secretion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105677. [PMID: 38272225 PMCID: PMC10907171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The emerging roles of O-GlcNAcylation, a distinctive post-translational modification, are increasingly recognized for their involvement in the intricate processes of protein trafficking and secretion. This modification exerts its influence on both conventional and unconventional secretory pathways. Under healthy and stress conditions, such as during diseases, it orchestrates the transport of proteins within cells, ensuring timely delivery to their intended destinations. O-GlcNAcylation occurs on key factors, like coat protein complexes (COPI and COPII), clathrin, SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors), and GRASP55 (Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 55 kDa) that control vesicle budding and fusion in anterograde and retrograde trafficking and unconventional secretion. The understanding of O-GlcNAcylation offers valuable insights into its critical functions in cellular physiology and the progression of diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer, and metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest findings elucidating the involvement of O-GlcNAc in protein trafficking and its significance in various human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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3
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Yang Y, Ye Y, Deng Y, Gao L. Uridine and its role in metabolic diseases, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1360891. [PMID: 38487261 PMCID: PMC10937367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1360891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Uridine is a pyrimidine nucleoside found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid with a concentration higher than the other nucleosides. As a simple metabolite, uridine plays a pivotal role in various biological processes. In addition to nucleic acid synthesis, uridine is critical to glycogen synthesis through the formation of uridine diphosphate glucose in which promotes the production of UDP-GlcNAc in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and supplies UDP-GlcNAc for O-GlcNAcylation. This process can regulate protein modification and affect its function. Moreover, Uridine has an effect on body temperature and circadian rhythms, which can regulate the metabolic rate and the expression of metabolic genes. Abnormal levels of blood uridine have been found in people with diabetes and obesity, suggesting a link of uridine dysregulation and metabolic disorders. At present, the role of uridine in glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism is controversial, and the mechanism is not clear, but it shows the trend of long-term damage and short-term benefit. Therefore, maintaining uridine homeostasis is essential for maintaining basic functions and normal metabolism. This article summarizes the latest findings about the metabolic effects of uridine and the potential of uridine metabolism as therapeutic target in treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, QuanZhou Women’s and Children’s Hospital, QuanZhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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4
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Tian J, Dong X, Wu T, Wen P, Liu X, Zhang M, An X, Shi D. Revealing the conformational dynamics of UDP-GlcNAc recognition by O-GlcNAc transferase via Markov state model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128405. [PMID: 38016609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification and closely linked to various physiological and pathological conditions. The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) functions as the only glycosyltransferase of O-GlcNAc glycosylation by transferring GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues on protein substrates. The interaction mode of UDP-GlcNAc against OGT has been preliminarily revealed by the crystal structures, yet an atomic-level comprehension for the conformational dynamics of the recognition process remains elusive. Here, we construct the Markov state model based on extensive all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with an aggregated simulation time of ∼9 μs, and reveal that the UDP-GlcNAc recognition process by OGT encompasses four key metastable states, occurring within an estimated timescale of ∼10 μs. During UDP-GlcNAc recognition process, we find the pyrophosphate moiety (P2O52-) initially anchors to the active pocket via salt bridge and hydrogen bonds, facilitating subsequent binding of the uridine and GlcNAc moieties. Furthermore, the functional roles of K842 involved in the salt bridge with P2O52- were evaluated through extra mutant MD simulations. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the UDP-GlcNAc recognition mechanism by OGT, which could further aid in mechanistic studies of O-GlcNAc glycosylation and drug development targeting on OGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tian
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianshuo Wu
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengbo Wen
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoli An
- School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology and Application, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Xueyuan Street 180, Huixing Road, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Danfeng Shi
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Liu Y, Wang D, Liu YP. Metabolite profiles of diabetes mellitus and response to intervention in anti-hyperglycemic drugs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1237934. [PMID: 38027178 PMCID: PMC10644798 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1237934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a major health problem, threatening the quality of life of nearly 500 million patients worldwide. As a typical multifactorial metabolic disease, T2DM involves the changes and interactions of various metabolic pathways such as carbohydrates, amino acid, and lipids. It has been suggested that metabolites are not only the endpoints of upstream biochemical processes, but also play a critical role as regulators of disease progression. For example, excess free fatty acids can lead to reduced glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and induce insulin resistance; metabolism disorder of branched-chain amino acids contributes to the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates, and promotes the dysfunction of β-cell mitochondria, stress signal transduction, and apoptosis. In this paper, we discuss the role of metabolites in the pathogenesis of T2DM and their potential as biomarkers. Finally, we list the effects of anti-hyperglycemic drugs on serum/plasma metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Ping Liu
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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6
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Wang Y, Liu T, Cai Y, Liu W, Guo J. SIRT6's function in controlling the metabolism of lipids and glucose in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1244705. [PMID: 37876546 PMCID: PMC10591331 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1244705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the main cause of excess mortality in patients with type 2 DM. The pathogenesis and progression of DN are closely associated with disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. As a member of the sirtuin family, SIRT6 has deacetylation, defatty-acylation, and adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation enzyme activities as well as anti-aging and anticancer activities. SIRT6 plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and signaling, especially in DN. SIRT6 improves glucose and lipid metabolism by controlling glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, affecting insulin secretion and transmission and regulating lipid decomposition, transport, and synthesis. Targeting SIRT6 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for DN by improving glucose and lipid metabolism. This review elaborates on the important role of SIRT6 in glucose and lipid metabolism, discusses the potential of SIRT6 as a therapeutic target to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and alleviate DN occurrence and progression of DN, and describes the prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzi Cai
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Country Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Dessì A, Bosco A, Cesare Marincola F, Pintus R, Paci G, Atzori L, Fanos V, Piras C. Sardinian Infants of Diabetic Mothers: A Metabolomics Observational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13724. [PMID: 37762025 PMCID: PMC10530546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance, with hyperglycemia of varying severity with onset during pregnancy. An uncontrolled GDM can lead to an increased risk of morbidity in the fetus and newborn, and an increased risk of obesity or developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension or neurocognitive developmental impairment in adulthood. In this study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) to analyze the urinary metabolomic profile of newborns of diabetic mothers (NDMs) with the aim of identifying biomarkers useful for the monitoring of NDMs and for early diagnosis of predisposition to develop related chronic diseases. A total of 26 newborns were recruited: 21 children of diabetic mothers, comprising 13 in diet therapy (NDM-diet) and 8 in insulin therapy (NDM-insulin), and 5 control children of non-diabetic mothers (CTR). Urine samples were collected at five time points: at birth (T1), on the third day of life (T2), one week (T3), one month (T4) and six months postpartum (T5). At T1, variations were observed in the levels of seven potential biomarkers (acetate, lactate, glycylproline/proline, isocitrate, N,N-dimethylglycine, N-acetylglucosamine and N-carbamoyl-aspartate) in NMD-insulin infants compared to NDM-diet and CTR infants. In particular, the altered metabolites were found to be involved in several metabolic pathways such as citrate metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. In contrast, these changes were not visible at subsequent sampling times. The impact of early nutrition (maternal and formula milk) on the metabolomic profile was considered as a potential contributing factor to this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Dessì
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.P.); (V.F.)
| | - Alice Bosco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.P.); (V.F.)
| | - Flaminia Cesare Marincola
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.P.); (V.F.)
| | - Giulia Paci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.P.); (L.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.P.); (L.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.P.); (V.F.)
| | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.P.); (L.A.); (C.P.)
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8
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Ran Z, Zhang L, Dong M, Zhang Y, Chen L, Song Q. O-GlcNAcylation: A Crucial Regulator in Cancer-Associated Biological Events. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:383-394. [PMID: 37392316 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a recently discovered post-translational modification of proteins, plays a crucial role in regulating protein structure and function, and is closely associated with multiple diseases. Research has shown that O-GlcNAcylation is abnormally upregulated in most cancers, promoting disease progression. To elucidate the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer, this review summarizes various cancer-associated biological events regulated by O-GlcNAcylation and the corresponding signaling pathways. This work may provide insights for future studies on the function or underlying mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Ran
- Medical College, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, China
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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9
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Shan X, Jiang R, Gou D, Xiang J, Zhou P, Xia J, Wang K, Huang A, Tang N, Huang L. Identification of a diketopiperazine-based O-GlcNAc transferase inhibitor sensitizing hepatocellular carcinoma to CDK9 inhibition. FEBS J 2023; 290:4543-4561. [PMID: 37247228 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation (O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation) is an important post-translational and metabolic process in cells that is implicated in a wide range of physiological processes. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is ubiquitously present in cells and is the only enzyme that catalyses the transfer of O-GlcNAc to nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Aberrant glycosylation by OGT has been linked to a variety of diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and diabetes. Previously, we and others demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is notably elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overexpression of O-GlcNAcylation promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we report the identification of HLY838, a novel diketopiperazine-based OGT inhibitor with the ability to induce a global decrease in cellular O-GlcNAc. HLY838 enhances the in vitro and in vivo anti-HCC activity of CDK9 inhibitor by downregulating c-Myc and downstream E2F1 expression. Mechanistically, c-Myc is regulated by the CDK9 at the transcript level, and stabilized by OGT at the protein level. This work therefore demonstrates that HLY838 potentiates the antitumor responses of CDK9 inhibitor, providing an experimental rationale for developing OGT inhibitor as a sensitizing agent in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Shan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Dongmei Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Luyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
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10
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Georgiou M, Prokopiou E. Diabetic retinopathy and the role of Omega-3 PUFAs: A narrative review. Exp Eye Res 2023; 231:109494. [PMID: 37149278 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been a major cause of concern for the past few decades. As the number of diabetic patients increases, so too does the occurrence of its complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of these and constitutes the most common cause of blindness amongst working-age individuals. Chronic exposure to a hyperglycaemic environment remains the driving force of a cascade of molecular events that disrupt the microvasculature of the retina and if left untreated can lead to blindness. In this review, we identify oxidative stress as a major implication in the pathway to the development of DR and speculate that it plays a central role especially in the early stages of the disease. Cells lose their antioxidant capacity under a hyperglycaemic state, free radicals are formed and eventually apoptosis ensues. The polyol pathway; advanced glycation end-product formation; the protein kinase C pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are found to contribute to the increase in oxidative stress observed in diabetic patients. We also investigate the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in DR. These molecules possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have been previously investigated for use in other ocular pathologies with promising results. In this review we present the latest findings in pre-clinical and clinical studies for the use of ω-3 PUFAs in DR. We hypothesise that ω-3 PUFAs could be beneficial for DR in ways of reducing the oxidative stress and limiting the progression of the disease that threatens the eyesight of the patient, in conjunction with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgiou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2414, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ekatherine Prokopiou
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2414, Nicosia, Cyprus; Ophthalmos Research and Educational Institute, 2417, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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11
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Saeui CT, Shah SR, Fernandez-Gil BI, Zhang C, Agatemor C, Dammen-Brower K, Mathew MP, Buettner M, Gowda P, Khare P, Otamendi-Lopez A, Yang S, Zhang H, Le A, Quinoñes-Hinojosa A, Yarema KJ. Anticancer Properties of Hexosamine Analogs Designed to Attenuate Metabolic Flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:151-165. [PMID: 36626752 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer pathogenesis and progression; for example, a near-universal feature of cancer is increased metabolic flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This pathway produces uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a potent oncometabolite that drives multiple facets of cancer progression. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated peracetylated hexosamine analogs designed to reduce flux through the HBP. By screening a panel of analogs in pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cells, we identified Ac4Glc2Bz─a benzyl-modified GlcNAc mimetic─as an antiproliferative cancer drug candidate that down-regulated oncogenic metabolites and reduced GBM cell motility at concentrations non-toxic to non-neoplastic cells. More specifically, the growth inhibitory effects of Ac4Glc2Bz were linked to reduced levels of UDP-GlcNAc and concomitant decreases in protein O-GlcNAc modification in both pancreatic cancer and GBM cells. Targeted metabolomics analysis in GBM cells showed that Ac4Glc2Bz disturbed glucose metabolism, amino acid pools, and nucleotide precursor biosynthesis, consistent with reduced proliferation and other anti-oncogenic properties of this analog. Furthermore, Ac4Glc2Bz reduced the invasion, migration, and stemness of GBM cells. Importantly, normal metabolic functions mediated by UDP-GlcNAc were not disrupted in non-neoplastic cells, including maintenance of endogenous levels of O-GlcNAcylation with no global disruption of N-glycan production. Finally, a pilot in vivo study showed that a potential therapeutic window exists where animals tolerated 5- to 10-fold higher levels of Ac4Glc2Bz than projected for in vivo efficacy. Together, these results establish GlcNAc analogs targeting the HBP through salvage mechanisms as a new therapeutic approach to safely normalize an important facet of aberrant glucose metabolism associated with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Sagar R Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | | | - Cissy Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Christian Agatemor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Kris Dammen-Brower
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Mohit P Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Matthew Buettner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Prateek Gowda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Pratik Khare
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | | | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | | | - Kevin J Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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12
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Jo R, Shibata H, Kurihara I, Yokota K, Kobayashi S, Murai-Takeda A, Mitsuishi Y, Hayashi T, Nakamura T, Itoh H. Mechanisms of mineralocorticoid receptor-associated hypertension in diabetes mellitus: the role of O-GlcNAc modification. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:19-31. [PMID: 36229526 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists in patients with resistant hypertension and diabetic nephropathy by examining post-translational modification of the MR by O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), which is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. Coimmunoprecipitation assays in HEK293T cells showed that MR is a target of O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation). The expression levels and transcriptional activities of the receptor increased in parallel with its O-GlcNAcylation under high-glucose conditions. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed O-GlcNAcylation of the MR at amino acids 295-307. Point mutations in those residues decreased O-GlcNAcylation, and both the protein levels and transcriptional activities of MR. In db/db mouse kidneys, MR protein levels increased in parallel with overall O-GlcNAc levels of the tissue, accompanied by increased SGK1 mRNA levels. The administration of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucin, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcylation, reduced tissue O-GlcNAc levels and MR protein levels in db/db mice. Thus, our study showed that O-GlcNAcylation of the MR directly increases protein levels and transcriptional activities of the receptor under high-glucose conditions in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide a novel mechanism of MR as a target for prevention of complications associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Jo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Keiyu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
| | - Isao Kurihara
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Education, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yokota
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kobayashi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Murai-Takeda
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Health Center, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Mitsuishi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center of Preventive Medicine, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Hayashi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nakamura
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Lu Q, Zhang X, Liang T, Bai X. O-GlcNAcylation: an important post-translational modification and a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Mol Med 2022; 28:115. [PMID: 36104770 PMCID: PMC9476278 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-d-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an important post-translational modification of serine or threonine residues on thousands of proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm of all animals and plants. In eukaryotes, only two conserved enzymes are involved in this process. O-GlcNAc transferase is responsible for adding O-GlcNAc to proteins, while O-GlcNAcase is responsible for removing it. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is associated with a variety of human diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that O-GlcNAcylation is involved in the occurrence and progression of cancers in multiple systems throughout the body. It is also involved in regulating multiple cancer hallmarks, such as metabolic reprogramming, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this review, we first describe the process of O-GlcNAcylation and the structure and function of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes. In addition, we detail the occurrence of O-GlcNAc in various cancers and the role it plays. Finally, we discuss the potential of O-GlcNAc as a promising biomarker and novel therapeutic target for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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14
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Cao Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Lu J, Zhou W, Li X, Shi H, Xu B, Li S. O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1 Protects against Cold Stress-Induced Skeletal Muscle Damage via Amelioration of Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314520. [PMID: 36498847 PMCID: PMC9737900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress disturbs cellular metabolic and energy homeostasis, which is one of the causes of stress-induced illnesses. O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient-sensing pathway involved in a myriad of cellular processes. It plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis. Nevertheless, a specific sensing mechanism linking skeletal muscle to O-GlcNAcylation in cold stress is unknown. In this study, O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1 was targeted to explore the mechanism of skeletal muscle adaptation to cold stress. Ogt mKO aggravated skeletal muscle fibrosis induced by cold stress. At the same time, Ogt gene deletion accelerated the homeostasis imbalance and oxidative stress of skeletal muscle mitochondria induced by cold stress. In vitro results showed that inhibition of SIRT1's O-GlcNAcylation accelerated mild hypothermia induced mitochondrial homeostasis in mouse myogenic cells (C2C12 cells). However, overexpression of SIRT1's O-GlcNAcylation improved the above phenomena. Thus, these results reveal a protective role of OGT-SIRT1 in skeletal muscle's adaptation to cold stress, and our findings will provide new avenues to combat stress-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ye Li
- Sheep Disease Laboratory, Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wanhui Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (S.L.)
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (S.L.)
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15
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Zhang S, Yang X, Jiang M, Ma L, Hu J, Zhang HH. Post-transcriptional control by RNA-binding proteins in diabetes and its related complications. Front Physiol 2022; 13:953880. [PMID: 36277184 PMCID: PMC9582753 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.953880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a fast-growing chronic metabolic disorder that leads to significant health, social, and economic problems worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemia caused by DM leads to multiple devastating complications, including macrovascular complications and microvascular complications, such as diabetic cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Numerous studies provide growing evidence that aberrant expression of and mutations in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) genes are linked to the pathogenesis of diabetes and associated complications. RBPs are involved in RNA processing and metabolism by directing a variety of post-transcriptional events, such as alternative splicing, stability, localization, and translation, all of which have a significant impact on RNA fate, altering their function. Here, we purposed to summarize the current progression and underlying regulatory mechanisms of RBPs in the progression of diabetes and its complications. We expected that this review will open the door for RBPs and their RNA networks as novel therapeutic targets for diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- The Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ji Hu, ; Hong-Hong Zhang,
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ji Hu, ; Hong-Hong Zhang,
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16
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Silva-Aguiar RP, Peruchetti DB, Pinheiro AAS, Caruso-Neves C, Dias WB. O-GlcNAcylation in Renal (Patho)Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911260. [PMID: 36232558 PMCID: PMC9569498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys maintain internal milieu homeostasis through a well-regulated manipulation of body fluid composition. This task is performed by the correlation between structure and function in the nephron. Kidney diseases are chronic conditions impacting healthcare programs globally, and despite efforts, therapeutic options for its treatment are limited. The development of chronic degenerative diseases is associated with changes in protein O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translation modification involved in the regulation of diverse cell function. O-GlcNAcylation is regulated by the enzymatic balance between O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) which add and remove GlcNAc residues on target proteins, respectively. Furthermore, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway provides the substrate for protein O-GlcNAcylation. Beyond its physiological role, several reports indicate the participation of protein O-GlcNAcylation in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the impact of protein O-GlcNAcylation on physiological renal function, disease conditions, and possible future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo P. Silva-Aguiar
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Diogo B. Peruchetti
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia S. Pinheiro
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Wagner B. Dias
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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17
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Protein O-GlcNAcylation in Metabolic Modulation of Skeletal Muscle: A Bright but Long Way to Go. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100888. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an atypical, dynamic and reversible O-glycosylation that is critical and abundant in metazoan. O-GlcNAcylation coordinates and receives various signaling inputs such as nutrients and stresses, thus spatiotemporally regulating the activity, stability, localization and interaction of target proteins to participate in cellular physiological functions. Our review discusses in depth the involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, such as glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial biogenesis. The complex interaction and precise modulation of O-GlcNAcylation in these nutritional pathways of skeletal muscle also provide emerging mechanical information on how nutrients affect health, exercise and disease. Meanwhile, we explored the potential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle pathology and focused on its benefits in maintaining proteostasis under atrophy. In general, these understandings of O-GlcNAcylation are conducive to providing new insights into skeletal muscle (patho) physiology.
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18
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Protein O-GlcNAcylation and the regulation of energy homeostasis: lessons from knock-out mouse models. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:64. [PMID: 36058931 PMCID: PMC9443036 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation corresponds to the addition of N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on serine or threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. This reversible modification is catalysed by a unique couple of enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). OGT uses UDP-GlcNAc produced in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, to modify proteins. UDP-GlcNAc is at the cross-roads of several cellular metabolisms, including glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. Therefore, OGT is considered as a metabolic sensor that post-translationally modifies proteins according to nutrient availability. O-GlcNAcylation can modulate protein–protein interactions and regulate protein enzymatic activities, stability or subcellular localization. In addition, it can compete with phosphorylation on the same serine or threonine residues, or regulate positively or negatively the phosphorylation of adjacent residues. As such, O-GlcNAcylation is a major actor in the regulation of cell signaling and has been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes. A large body of evidence have indicated that increased O-GlcNAcylation participates in the deleterious effects of glucose (glucotoxicity) in metabolic diseases. However, recent studies using mice models with OGT or OGA knock-out in different tissues have shown that O-GlcNAcylation protects against various cellular stresses, and indicate that both increase and decrease in O-GlcNAcylation have deleterious effects on the regulation of energy homeostasis.
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19
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Short O-GlcNAcase Is Targeted to the Mitochondria and Regulates Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Level. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111827. [PMID: 35681522 PMCID: PMC9180253 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification involved in the regulation of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. Only two enzymes, OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) and OGA (O-GlcNAcase), control the attachment and removal of O-GlcNAc on proteins, respectively. Whereas a variant OGT (mOGT) has been proposed as the main isoform that O-GlcNAcylates proteins in mitochondria, identification of a mitochondrial OGA has not been performed yet. Two splice variants of OGA (short and long isoforms) have been described previously. In this work, using cell fractionation experiments, we show that short-OGA is preferentially recovered in mitochondria-enriched fractions from HEK-293T cells and RAW 264.7 cells, as well as mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Moreover, fluorescent microscopy imaging confirmed that GFP-tagged short-OGA is addressed to mitochondria. In addition, using a Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation biosensor, we show that co-transfection of short-OGA markedly reduced O-GlcNAcylation of the biosensor, whereas long-OGA had no significant effect. Finally, using genetically encoded or chemical fluorescent mitochondrial probes, we show that short-OGA overexpression increases mitochondrial ROS levels, whereas long-OGA has no significant effect. Together, our work reveals that the short-OGA isoform is targeted to the mitochondria where it regulates ROS homoeostasis.
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20
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Liu Y, Hu YJ, Fan WX, Quan X, Xu B, Li SZ. O-GlcNAcylation: The Underestimated Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111789. [PMID: 35681484 PMCID: PMC9180116 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. O-GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs as an intracellular integrator similar to the nutrient sensor and stress receptor, which target multiple substrates with spatio-temporal analysis specifically to maintain cellular homeostasis and normal physiological functions. Our review gives a brief description of O-GlcNAcylation and its only two processing enzymes and HBP flux, which will help to better understand its physiological characteristics of sensing nutrition and environmental cues. This nutritional and stress-sensitive properties of O-GlcNAcylation allow it to participate in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. This review discusses the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation to alleviate metabolic disorders and the controversy about the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. The level of global O-GlcNAcylation is precisely controlled and maintained in the “optimal zone”, and its abnormal changes is a potential factor in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes and diabetic complications. Although the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle physiology has been widely studied and recognized, it still is underestimated and overlooked. This review highlights the latest progress and potential mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bin Xu
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (S.-Z.L.)
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21
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Xue Q, Yan R, Ji S, Yu S. Regulation of mitochondrial network homeostasis by O-GlcNAcylation. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Post-translational modification with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a process referred to as O-GlcNAcylation, occurs on a vast variety of proteins. Mounting evidence in the past several decades has clearly demonstrated that O-GlcNAcylation is a unique and ubiquitous modification. Reminiscent of a code, protein O-GlcNAcylation functions as a crucial regulator of nearly all cellular processes studied. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the developments in our understanding of myriad protein substrates modified by O-GlcNAcylation from a systems perspective. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive survey of O-GlcNAcylation in multiple species studied, including eukaryotes (e.g., protists, fungi, plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, murine, and human), prokaryotes, and some viruses. We evaluate features (e.g., structural properties and sequence motifs) of O-GlcNAc modification on proteins across species. Given that O-GlcNAcylation functions in a species-, tissue-/cell-, protein-, and site-specific manner, we discuss the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation on human proteins. We focus particularly on several classes of relatively well-characterized human proteins (including transcription factors, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and E3 ubiquitin-ligases), with representative O-GlcNAc site-specific functions presented. We hope the systems view of the great endeavor in the past 35 years will help demystify the O-GlcNAc code and lead to more fascinating studies in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
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23
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Loaeza-Reyes KJ, Zenteno E, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Torres-Rosas R, Argueta-Figueroa L, Salinas-Marín R, Castillo-Real LM, Pina-Canseco S, Cervera YP. An Overview of Glycosylation and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:751637. [PMID: 34869586 PMCID: PMC8635159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.751637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a complex and well-organized system in which glycosylation plays a vital role. The heart and vascular wall cells are constituted by an array of specific receptors; most of them are N- glycosylated and mucin-type O-glycosylated. There are also intracellular signaling pathways regulated by different post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, which promote adequate responses to extracellular stimuli and signaling transduction. Herein, we provide an overview of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, including O-GlcNAcylation, and their role at different levels such as reception of signal, signal transduction, and exogenous molecules or agonists, which stimulate the heart and vascular wall cells with effects in different conditions, like the physiological status, ischemia/reperfusion, exercise, or during low-grade inflammation in diabetes and aging. Furthermore, mutations of glycosyltransferases and receptors are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge on glycosylation and its effects could be considered biochemical markers and might be useful as a therapeutic tool to control cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Julissa Loaeza-Reyes
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Conacyt - Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lizet Monserrat Castillo-Real
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Socorro Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Yobana Pérez Cervera
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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24
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Pancreatic β-Cell O-GlcNAc Transferase Overexpression Increases Susceptibility to Metabolic Stressors in Female Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102801. [PMID: 34685781 PMCID: PMC8534823 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutrient-sensor O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt), the sole enzyme that adds an O-GlcNAc-modification onto proteins, plays a critical role for pancreatic β-cell survival and insulin secretion. We hypothesized that β-cell Ogt overexpression would confer protection from β-cell failure in response to metabolic stressors, such as high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozocin (STZ). Here, we generated a β-cell-specific Ogt in overexpressing (βOgtOE) mice, where a significant increase in Ogt protein level and O-GlcNAc-modification of proteins were observed in islets under a normal chow diet. We uncovered that βOgtOE mice show normal peripheral insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance with a regular chow diet. However, when challenged with an HFD, only female βOgtOE (homozygous) Hz mice developed a mild glucose intolerance, despite increased insulin secretion and normal β-cell mass. While female mice are normally resistant to low-dose STZ treatments, the βOgtOE Hz mice developed hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance post-STZ treatment. Transcriptome analysis between islets with loss or gain of Ogt by RNA sequencing shows common altered pathways involving pro-survival Erk and Akt and inflammatory regulators IL1β and NFkβ. Together, these data show a possible gene dosage effect of Ogt and the importance O-GlcNAc cycling in β-cell survival and function to regulate glucose homeostasis.
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25
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Zumbaugh MD, Yen CN, Bodmer JS, Shi H, Gerrard DE. Skeletal Muscle O-GlcNAc Transferase Action on Global Metabolism Is Partially Mediated Through Interleukin-15. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682052. [PMID: 34326778 PMCID: PMC8313823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its roles in locomotion and thermogenesis, skeletal muscle plays a significant role in global glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity through complex nutrient sensing networks. Our previous work showed that the muscle-specific ablation of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) led to a lean phenotype through enhanced interleukin-15 (IL-15) expression. We also showed OGT epigenetically modified and repressed the Il15 promoter. However, whether there is a causal relationship between OGT ablation-induced IL-15 secretion and the lean phenotype remains unknown. To address this question, we generated muscle specific OGT and interleukin-15 receptor alpha subunit (IL-15rα) double knockout mice (mDKO). Deletion of IL-15rα in skeletal muscle impaired IL-15 secretion. When fed with a high-fat diet, mDKO mice were no longer protected against HFD-induced obesity compared to wild-type mice. After 22 weeks of HFD feeding, mDKO mice had an intermediate body weight and glucose sensitivity compared to wild-type and OGT knockout mice. Taken together, these data suggest that OGT action is partially mediated by muscle IL-15 production and provides some clarity into how disrupting the O-GlcNAc nutrient signaling pathway leads to a lean phenotype. Further, our work suggests that interfering with the OGT-IL15 nutrient sensing axis may provide a new avenue for combating obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Zumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Con-Ning Yen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jocelyn S Bodmer
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Barrientos C, Pérez A, Vázquez J. Ameliorative Effects of Oral Glucosamine on Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic Tissue Damage in Experimental Wistar rats on a High-fat Diet. Comp Med 2021; 71:215-221. [PMID: 34082859 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia due to a high-fat diet (HFD) is a risk factor for inducing insulin resistance (IR) and adverse effects on pancreatic β-cells in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This relationship may be due to activation of the hexosaminebiosynthesis pathway. Administration of exogenous glucosamine (GlcN) can increase the end product of this pathway (uridine-5'-diphosphate-N-acetyl-glucosamine), which can mediate IR and protein glycosylation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral GlcN and HFD on IR and pancreatic histologic damage in a 22 wk study of 4 groups of male Wistar rats: control group with normal chow diet, HFD group (24%. g/g lard), GlcN group (500 mg/kg-1 per day of glucosamine hydrochloride in drinking water) and HFD plus oral GlcN. Metabolic variables related to IR that were measured included triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFAs) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathologic evaluation of the pancreas was also performed. The results showed IR in the HFD group, which had increased pancreatic nuclear pyknosis and vacuolization, with fatty infiltration and structural alteration of the islets of Langerhans. TG, FFAs and MDA were higher in serum and pancreatic tissue as compared with the control group. The GlcN group did not develop IR and had only mild nuclear pyknosis with no significant change in the pancreatic content of TG, FFAs and MDA. However, the combined administration of GlcN and HFD attenuated IR and improved TG, FFAs and MDA levels in serum and pancreatic tissue and the pancreatic histopathologic changes, with no significant differences as compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the oral GlcN at a dose of 500 mg/kg-1 is protective against IR and the pancreatic histologic damage caused by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelio Barrientos
- Department of Physiology, Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute. Mexico City, Mexico;,
| | - Angélica Pérez
- Department of Physiology, Higher School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Vázquez
- Graduate Department. Higher School of Nursing and Obstetrics, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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Anastasiou IA, Eleftheriadou I, Tentolouris A, Koliaki C, Kosta OA, Tentolouris N. CDATA[The Effect of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Therapies on Pancreatic β-cell Dysfunction: Results from in Vitro and in Vivo Studies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1328-1346. [PMID: 32452321 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200526135642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a hallmark of many diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in pancreatic β-cells dysfunction and apoptosis, as well as in the development and progression of diabetic complications. Considering the vulnerability of pancreatic β-cells to oxidative damage, the induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes or exogenous antioxidant administration has been proposed to protect pancreatic β-cells from damage. OBJECTIVES The present review aims to provide evidence of the effect of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapies on pancreatic β-cell function, based on in vitro and in vivo studies. METHODS The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to retrieve available data. RESULTS Due to poor endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, pancreatic β-cells are extremely sensitive to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Many natural extracts have been tested in vitro in pancreatic β-cell lines in terms of their antioxidant and diabetes mellitus ameliorating effects, and the majority of them have shown a dose-dependent protective role. On the other hand, there is relatively limited evidence regarding the in vitro antioxidant effects of antidiabetic drugs on pancreatic β -cells. Concerning in vivo studies, several natural extracts have shown beneficial effects in the setting of diabetes by decreasing blood glucose and lipid levels, increasing insulin sensitivity, and by up-regulating intrinsic antioxidant enzyme activity. However, there is limited evidence obtained from in vivo studies regarding antidiabetic drugs. CONCLUSION Antioxidants hold promise for developing strategies aimed at the prevention or treatment of diabetes mellitus associated with pancreatic β-cells dysfunction, as supported by in vitro and in vivo studies. However, more in vitro studies are required for drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna A Anastasiou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Eleftheriadou
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysi Koliaki
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania A Kosta
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tentolouris
- Diabetes Center, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 17 AgiouThoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece
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28
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Ma J, Wu C, Hart GW. Analytical and Biochemical Perspectives of Protein O-GlcNAcylation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1513-1581. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ci Wu
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Gerald W. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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29
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Zuliani I, Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Francioso A, Pagnotta S, Barone E, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. The Dysregulation of OGT/OGA Cycle Mediates Tau and APP Neuropathology in Down Syndrome. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:340-363. [PMID: 33258073 PMCID: PMC8116370 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient-related post-translational modification that, since its discovery some 30 years ago, has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. As reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD), flaws in the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced hexosamine biosynthetic pathway flux and subsequently lead to aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation. Notably, the reduction of O-GlcNAcylated proteins involves also tau and APP, thus promoting their aberrant phosphorylation in AD brain and the onset of AD pathological markers. Down syndrome (DS) individuals are characterized by the early development of AD by the age of 60 and, although the two conditions present the same pathological hallmarks and share the alteration of many molecular mechanisms driving brain degeneration, no evidence has been sought on the implication of O-GlcNAcylation in DS pathology. Our study aimed to unravel for the first time the role of protein O-GlcNacylation in DS brain alterations positing the attention of potential trisomy-related mechanisms triggering the aberrant regulation of OGT/OGA cycle. We demonstrate the disruption of O-GlcNAcylation homeostasis, as an effect of altered OGT and OGA regulatory mechanism, and confirm the relevance of O-GlcNAcylation in the appearance of AD hallmarks in the brain of a murine model of DS. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the neuroprotective effects of brain-targeted OGA inhibition. Indeed, the rescue of OGA activity was able to restore protein O-GlcNAcylation, and reduce AD-related hallmarks and decreased protein nitration, possibly as effect of induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Troiano JA, Potje SR, Graton ME, Silva DS, da Costa RM, Tostes RC, Antoniali C. Pregnancy decreases O-GlcNAc-modified proteins in systemic arteries of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2020; 266:118885. [PMID: 33316265 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM We determined the role played by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) of proteins in systemic arteries during late pregnancy in normotensive and hypertensive rats. MAIN METHODS O-GlcNAc levels and O-GlcNAc modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were determined in aorta (conductance vessel) and mesenteric arteries (resistance vessels) of non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Vascular O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expression, and OGA activity were analyzed. Concentration-response to phenylephrine (PE) curves were constructed for arteries with and without endothelium. Arteries were treated with vehicle or PugNAc (OGA inhibitor, 100 μmol/L) in the presence of L-NAME (NOS inhibitor, 100 μmol/L). KEY FINDINGS The content of vascular O-GlcNAc-modified proteins was lower, OGT and OGA expression did not change, and OGA activity was higher in arteries of P-Wistar rats and P-SHR compared to arteries of NP-groups. Reactivity to PE increased in arteries of P-Wistar rats treated with PugNAc compared to vehicle. O-GlcNAcylation of eNOS decreased in P-SHR compared to NP-SHR. PugNAc partially inhibited the effects of endothelium removal and L-NAME on reactivity to PE in arteries of P-Wistar rats. However, PugNAc did not alter reactivity to PE in arteries of P-SHR. Our data showed that pregnancy decreased the content of vascular O-GlcNAc-modified proteins. SIGNIFICANCE Increased OGA activity and decreased O-GlcNAc modification of eNOS boosts eNOS activity in arteries of P-Wistar rats. In P-SHR, altered OGA activity may lower the content of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins, but decreased OGT activity seems a potential mechanism to reduce glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A Troiano
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone R Potje
- University of São Paulo (USP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo E Graton
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael M da Costa
- Federal University of Goiás, Special Academic Unit of Health Sciences, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Antoniali
- Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, SBFis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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31
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Chatham JC, Young ME, Zhang J. Reprint of: Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of proteins in diabetic cardiovascular complications. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 54:209-220. [PMID: 33278716 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulates diverse cellular processes in the cardiovascular system. UDP-GlcNAc is a substrate for O-GlcNAc transferase, which catalyzes the attachment of O-GlcNAc to proteins. O-GlcNAcase catalyzes the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins. UDP-GlcNAc is the end product of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is regulated primarily by glucose-6-phosphate-Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT). GFAT catalyzes the formation of glucosamine-6-phosphate from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine. Whereas O-GlcNAc is essential for cell viability, sustained increases in O-GlcNAc levels have been implicated in the etiology of many chronic diseases and is associated with glucose toxicity and diabetic complications in various organs including the cardiovascular system. This review provides an overview of the regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation followed by a discussion of potential mechanisms by which dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to the adverse effects of diabetes on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Gómez-Henao W, Tenorio EP, Sanchez FRC, Mendoza MC, Ledezma RL, Zenteno E. Relevance of glycans in the interaction between T lymphocyte and the antigen presenting cell. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:274-288. [PMID: 33205679 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1845331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The immunological synapse promotes receptors and ligands interaction in the contact interface between the T lymphocyte and the antigen presenting cell; glycosylation of the proteins involved in this biological process favors regulation of molecular interactions and development of the T lymphocyte effector response. Glycans in the immunological synapse influence cellular and molecular processes such as folding, expression, and structural stability of proteins, they also mediate ligand-receptor interaction and propagation of the intracellular signaling or inhibition of uncontrolled cellular activation that could lead to the development of autoimmunity, among others. It has been suggested that altered glycosylation of proteins that participate in the immunological synapse affects the signaling processes and cell proliferation, as well as exacerbation of the effector mechanisms of T cells that trigger systemic damage and autoimmunity. Understanding the role of glycans in the immune response has allowed for advances in the development of immunotherapies in different fields through the controlled and specific activation of the immune response. This review describes the structural and biological aspects of glycans associated with some molecules present in the immunological synapse, providing information that allows understanding the function of glycosylation in the interaction between the T lymphocyte and the antigen-presenting cell, as well as its impact on signaling and development regulation of T lymphocytes effector response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilton Gómez-Henao
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico.,Cell Growth, Tissue Repair and Regeneration (CRRET), CNRS ERL 9215, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Eda Patricia Tenorio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Cuéllar Mendoza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | - Ricardo Lascurain Ledezma
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan; Mexico
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Regulation of O-GlcNAcylation on endothelial nitric oxide synthase by glucose deprivation and identification of its O-GlcNAcylation sites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19364. [PMID: 33168911 PMCID: PMC7652922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As an energy-sensitive post-translational modification, O-GlcNAcylation plays a major role in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity regulation. However, effects of glucose deprivation on eNOS O-GlcNAcylation and the presence of novel O-GlcNAcylation sites of eNOS under glucose deprivation remain unknown. Hence, we aim to determine the effects of glucose deprivation on O-GlcNAcylation and novel O-GlcNAcylation sites of eNOS. Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and Sprague–Dawley rats were induced by glucose deprivation and their eNOS O-GlcNAcylation was subjected to immunoblotting. eNOS and transfected eNOS were purified by pull-down assay and immunoprecipitation respectively. Novel O-GlcNAcylation sites of eNOS were predicted by HPLC–MS and MS/MS Ion and determined by immunoblotting. eNOS activity was detected by Elisa and isotope labeling method. In BAECs and rat thoracic aorta, low glucose-associated activation of eNOS was accompanied by elevated O-GlcNAcylation, which did not affect O-linked serine phosphorylation at 1179/1177 residues. Changes in this post-translational modification were associated with increased O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expression and were reversed by AMPK knockdown. Immunoblot analysis of cells expressing His-tagged wild-type human eNOS and human eNOS carrying a mutation at the Ser1177 phosphorylation site confirmed an increase in O-GlcNAcylation by glucose deprivation. A marked increase in O-GlcNAcylation indicated that eNOS contained novel O-GlcNAcylation sites that were activated by glucose deprivation. Immunoblot analysis of cells expressing His-tagged human eNOS carrying a mutation at Ser738 and Ser867 confirmed an increase in O-GlcNAcylation by glucose deprivation. Conversely, in His-tagged human eNOS carrying a mutation at Thr866, O-GlcNAcylation was unaffected by glucose deprivation. Differences in culture conditions were identified using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, and unpaired Student’s t-test. Glucose deprivation increases O-GlcNAcylation and activity of eNOS, potentially by the AMPK-OGT pathway, suggesting that Thr866 is a novel O-GlcNAcylation site involved in glucose-deprivation mediated eNOS activation.
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Lo WY, Wang SJ, Wang HJ. Non-canonical Interaction Between O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase and miR-146a-5p Aggravates High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1091. [PMID: 33192537 PMCID: PMC7662465 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Increased O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)–induced O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) post-translational modification is linked with diabetic complications. MicroRNA-146a-5p (miR-146a-5p) is a negative inflammatory regulator and is downregulated in diabetes. Here, we investigated the interaction between miR-146a-5p and OGT. Methods: Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with high glucose (25 mM) and glucosamine (25 mM) for 24 h. Western blot, real time PCR, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, miR-146a-5p mimic/inhibitor transfection, siRNA OGT transfection, miR-200a/200b mimic transfection, and OGT pharmacological inhibition (ST045849) were performed. The aorta from miR-146a-5p mimic-treated db/db mice were examined by immunohistochemistry staining. Results: HG and glucosamine upregulated OGT mRNA and protein expression, protein O-GlcNAcylation, and IL-6 mRNA and protein expression. Real time PCR analysis found that miR-146a-5p was decreased in HG- and glucosamine-stimulated HAECs. This suggested that OGT-induced protein O-GlcNAcylation as a mechanism to downregulate miR-146a-5p. Bioinformatic miR target analysis excluded miR-146a-5p as a post-transcriptional regulator of OGT. However, a luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-146a-5p mimic bound to 3′-UTR of human OGT mRNA, indicating that OGT is a non-canonical target of miR-146a-5p. Transfection with miR-146a-5p mimic and inhibitor confirmed that miR-146a-5p regulated OGT/protein O-GlcNAcylation/IL-6 expression levels. Furthermore, OGT siRNA transfection, miR-200a/miR-200b mimic transfection, and ST045849 increased HG-induced miR-146a-5p expression levels, indicating that HG-induced miR-146a-5p downregulation is partially mediated through OGT-mediated protein O-GlcNAcylation. In vivo, intravenous injections of miR-146a mimic decreased endothelial OGT and IL6 expression in db/db mice. Conclusion: A non-canonical positive feedback interaction between miR-146a-5p and OGT is involved in a vicious cycle to aggravate HG-induced vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lo
- Cardiovascular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Jie Wang
- Cardiovascular and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Joe Wang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Herrero-Beaumont G, Largo R. Glucosamine and O-GlcNAcylation: a novel immunometabolic therapeutic target for OA and chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation? Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1261-1263. [PMID: 32554393 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Rheumatology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain .,Joint and Bone Research Unit, Rheumatology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Joint and Bone Research Unit, Rheumatology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Al-Mukh H, Baudoin L, Bouaboud A, Sanchez-Salgado JL, Maraqa N, Khair M, Pagesy P, Bismuth G, Niedergang F, Issad T. Lipopolysaccharide Induces GFAT2 Expression to Promote O-Linked β- N-Acetylglucosaminylation and Attenuate Inflammation in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2499-2510. [PMID: 32978282 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible posttranslational modification that regulates the activity of intracellular proteins according to glucose availability and its metabolism through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. This modification has been involved in the regulation of various immune cell types, including macrophages. However, little is known concerning the mechanisms that regulate the protein O-GlcNAcylation level in these cells. In the present work, we demonstrate that LPS treatment induces a marked increase in protein O-GlcNAcylation in RAW264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived and peritoneal mouse macrophages, as well as human monocyte-derived macrophages. Targeted deletion of OGT in macrophages resulted in an increased effect of LPS on NOS2 expression and cytokine production, suggesting that O-GlcNAcylation may restrain inflammatory processes induced by LPS. The effect of LPS on protein O-GlcNAcylation in macrophages was associated with an increased expression and activity of glutamine fructose 6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. More specifically, we observed that LPS potently stimulated GFAT2 isoform mRNA and protein expression. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of FoxO1 impaired the LPS effect on GFAT2 expression, suggesting a FoxO1-dependent mechanism. We conclude that GFAT2 should be considered a new LPS-inducible gene involved in regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation, which permits limited exacerbation of inflammation upon macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasanain Al-Mukh
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Léa Baudoin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Nabih Maraqa
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Mostafa Khair
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Pagesy
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Georges Bismuth
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Tarik Issad
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France
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37
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Chatham JC, Young ME, Zhang J. Role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of proteins in diabetic cardiovascular complications. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:1-12. [PMID: 32937226 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulates diverse cellular processes in the cardiovascular system. UDP-GlcNAc is a substrate for O-GlcNAc transferase, which catalyzes the attachment of O-GlcNAc to proteins. O-GlcNAcase catalyzes the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins. UDP-GlcNAc is the end product of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, which is regulated primarily by glucose-6-phosphate-Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT). GFAT catalyzes the formation of glucosamine-6-phosphate from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine. Whereas O-GlcNAc is essential for cell viability, sustained increases in O-GlcNAc levels have been implicated in the etiology of many chronic diseases and is associated with glucose toxicity and diabetic complications in various organs including the cardiovascular system. This review provides an overview of the regulation of protein O-GlcNAcylation followed by a discussion of potential mechanisms by which dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to the adverse effects of diabetes on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
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38
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Chatham JC, Zhang J, Wende AR. Role of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification in Cellular (Patho)Physiology. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:427-493. [PMID: 32730113 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1980s, the identification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins modified by a N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) via an O-linkage overturned the widely held assumption that glycosylation only occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory pathways. In contrast to traditional glycosylation, the O-GlcNAc modification does not lead to complex, branched glycan structures and is rapidly cycled on and off proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Since its discovery, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions, including signaling, protein localization and stability, transcription, chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial function, and cell survival. Dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling has been implicated in the progression of a wide range of diseases, such as diabetes, diabetic complications, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will outline our current understanding of the processes involved in regulating O-GlcNAc turnover, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cellular physiology, and how dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Authier F, Muha V, van Aalten DMF. A mouse model for functional dissection of TAB1 O-GlcNAcylation. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 4:128. [PMID: 32676538 PMCID: PMC7333360 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15394.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification associated with various physiological and pathophysiological processes including diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration and inflammation. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the role of specific O-GlcNAc sites and their link to phenotypes remain largely unexplored due to lack of suitable
in vivo models. TGF-β activated kinase-1 binding protein-1 (TAB1) is a scaffolding protein required for TGF-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) mediated signalling. A single O-GlcNAc site has been identified on human TAB1 that modulates TAK1-mediated cytokine release in cells. Methods: Here, we report the generation of the
Tab1
S393A mouse model using a constitutive knock-in strategy. The
Tab1
S393A mice carry a Ser393Ala (S393A) mutation that leads to loss of O-GlcNAcylation site on TAB1. Results: We did not observe any obvious phenotype in
Tab1
S393A mice. Loss of O-GlcNAcylation on TAB1 has no consequences on TAB1 protein level or on TAB1-TAK1 interaction. Conclusions: The homozygous
Tab1
S393A mice are viable and develop with no obvious abnormalities, providing a powerful tool to further investigate the role of O-GlcNAc on TAB1 in the inflammatory response in the context of a whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Authier
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Villő Muha
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- Division of Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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40
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Cao H, Hu Y, Zhu X, Yao N, Gu J, Wang Y, Zhu W. O-GlcNAc transferase affects the signal transduction of β1 adrenoceptor in adult rat cardiomyocytes by increasing the O-GlcNAcylation of β1 adrenoceptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:71-77. [PMID: 32471715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation was first found by Torres and Hart in monocytes. It is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation is increased in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients and it has been reported that OGT plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac gene transcription, cell cycle and calcium homeostasis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of OGT on signal transduction and function of β1-adrenoceptor (β1AR) in adult rat cardiomyocytes. We found that after overexpressing OGT by adenovirus vector in adult rat cardiomyocytes, cAMP formation and phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB) at Ser16 (p16-PLB) were decreased under isoprenaline (ISO) stimulation. Over expression of OGT increased the intracellular [Ca2+]i and deteriorated the death of cardiomyocytes induced by prolonged stimulation with ISO. β1-adrenoceptor was overexpressed using a plasmid vector and then co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) followed by Western blot was employed to define the O-GlcNAcylation of β1-adrenoceptor. The results showed that O-GlcNAcylation of β1-adrenoceptor was increased in OGT overexpressed cells, and there was no significant change in the formation of cAMP and phosphorylation of PLB after β1-adrenoceptor was blocked by CGP20712A. Given that OGT affects the signal transduction of β1-adrenoceptor in adult rat cardiomyocytes by increasing the O-GlcNAcylation of β1-adrenoceptor, the mechanism revealed in this study indicates that OGT and β1AR may be therapeutic targets in patients undergoing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Na Yao
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jiaona Gu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Cardiovascular laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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41
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Collins HE, Chatham JC. Regulation of cardiac O-GlcNAcylation: More than just nutrient availability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165712. [PMID: 32014551 PMCID: PMC7703857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues of nuclear, cytosolic, and mitochondrial proteins by O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has long been seen as an important regulatory mechanism in the cardiovascular system. O-GlcNAcylation of cardiac proteins has been shown to contribute to the regulation of transcription, metabolism, mitochondrial function, protein quality control and turnover, autophagy, and calcium handling. In the heart, acute increases in O-GlcNAc have been associated with cardioprotection, such as those observed during ischemia/reperfusion. Conversely, chronic increases in O-GlcNAc, often associated with diabetes and nutrient excess, have been shown to contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Traditionally, many studies have linked changes in O-GlcNAc with nutrient availability and as such O-GlcNAcylation is often seen as a nutrient driven process. However, emerging evidence suggests that O-GlcNAcylation may also be regulated by non-nutrient dependent mechanisms, such as transcriptional and post-translational regulation. Therefore, the goals of this review are to provide an overview of the impact of O-GlcNAcylation in the cardiovascular system, how this is regulated and to discuss the emergence of regulatory mechanisms other than nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Collins
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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42
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Regulation of pancreatic cancer TRAIL resistance by protein O-GlcNAcylation. J Transl Med 2020; 100:777-785. [PMID: 31896813 PMCID: PMC7183418 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL-activating therapy is promising in treating various cancers, including pancreatic cancer, a highly malignant neoplasm with poor prognosis. However, many pancreatic cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis despite their expression of intact death receptors (DRs). Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a versatile posttranslational modification that regulates various biological processes. Elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation has been recently linked to cancer cell growth and survival. In this study, we evaluated the role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in pancreatic cancer TRAIL resistance, and identified higher levels of O-GlcNAcylation in TRAIL-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. With gain- and loss-of-function of the O-GlcNAc-adding enzyme, O-GlcNActransferase (OGT), we determined that increasing O-GlcNAcylation rendered TRAIL-sensitive cells more resistant to TRA-8-induced apoptosis, while inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation promoted TRA-8-induced apoptosis in TRAIL-resistance cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OGT knockdown sensitized TRAIL-resistant cells to TRA-8 therapy in a mouse model in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed direct O-GlcNAc modifications of DR5, which regulated TRA-8-induced DR5 oligomerization. We further defined that DR5 O-GlcNAcylation was independent of FADD, the adapter protein for the downstream death-inducing signaling. These studies have demonstrated an important role of protein O-GlcNAcylation in regulating TRAIL resistance of pancreatic cancer cells; and uncovered the contribution of O-GlcNAcylation to DR5 oligomerization and thus mediating DR-inducing signaling.
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43
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Dierschke SK, Toro AL, Barber AJ, Arnold AC, Dennis MD. Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates Protein O-GlcNAcylation in the Retina by EPAC/Rap1-Dependent Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32068794 PMCID: PMC7326568 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose O-GlcNAcylation of cellular proteins contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes and evidence supports a role for augmented O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the renin-angiotensin system on retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation. Methods Mice fed a high-fat diet were treated chronically with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril or captopril plus the angiotensin-(1-7) Mas receptor antagonist A779. Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze retinal homogenates. Similar analyses were performed on lysates from human MIO-M1 retinal Müller cell cultures exposed to media supplemented with angiotensin-(1-7). Culture conditions were manipulated to influence the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and/or signaling downstream of the Mas receptor. Results In the retina of mice fed a high-fat diet, captopril attenuated protein O-GlcNAcylation in a manner dependent on Mas receptor activation. In MIO-M1 cells, angiotensin-(1-7) or adenylate cyclase activation were sufficient to enhance cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and inhibit O-GlcNAcylation. The repressive effect of cAMP on O-GlcNAcylation was dependent on exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC), but not protein kinase A, and was recapitulated by a constitutively active variant of the small GTPase Rap1. We provide evidence that cAMP and angiotensin-(1-7) act to suppress O-GlcNAcylation by inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) activity. In cells exposed to an O-GlcNAcase inhibitor or hyperglycemic culture conditions, mitochondrial superoxide levels were elevated; however, angiotensin-(1-7) signaling prevented the effect. Conclusions Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits retinal protein O-GlcNAcylation via an EPAC/Rap1/OGT signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie K. Dierschke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Allyson L. Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alistair J. Barber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Amy C. Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michael D. Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
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44
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Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246284. [PMID: 31842522 PMCID: PMC6940726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and renal comorbidities. Among these, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the most severe symptoms and is considered to be a major health problem worldwide. Exercise is widely known as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Importantly, the onset of complications arising due to diabetes can be delayed or even prevented by exercise. Regular exercise is reported to have positive effects on diabetes mellitus and the development of DCM. The protective effects of exercise include prevention of cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and microvascular diseases, as well as improvement in cardiac mitochondrial function and calcium regulation. This review summarizes the recent scientific findings to describe the potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent DCM and heart failure.
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45
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Dihingia A, Ozah D, Borah T, Kalita J, Manna P. Gamma‐glutamyl–carboxylated Gas6 mediates positive role of vitamin K on lowering hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1462:104-117. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjum Dihingia
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology DivisionCSIR‐North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR‐NEIST Jorhat Assam India
| | - Dibyajyoti Ozah
- Clinical CentreCSIR‐North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam India
| | - Thaneswar Borah
- Clinical CentreCSIR‐North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology DivisionCSIR‐North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR‐NEIST Jorhat Assam India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Science and Technology DivisionCSIR‐North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR‐NEIST Jorhat Assam India
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46
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Authier F, Muha V, van Aalten DM. A mouse model for functional dissection of TAB1 O-GlcNAcylation. Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:128. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15394.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification associated with various physiological and pathophysiological processes including diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration and inflammation. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the role of specific O-GlcNAc sites and their link to phenotypes remain largely unexplored due to lack of suitable in vivo models. TGF-β activated kinase-1 binding protein-1 (TAB1) is a scaffolding protein required for TGF-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) mediated signalling. A single O-GlcNAc site has been identified on TAB1 that modulates TAK1-mediated cytokine release in cells. Methods: Here, we report the generation of the Tab1S393A mouse model using a constitutive knock-in strategy. The Tab1S393A mice carry a Ser393Ala (S393A) mutation that leads to loss of the single O-GlcNAcylation site on TAB1. Results: We did not observe any obvious phenotype in Tab1S393A mice. Loss of O-GlcNAcylation on TAB1 has no consequences on TAB1 protein level or on TAB1-TAK1 interaction. Conclusions: The homozygous Tab1S393A mice are viable and develop with no obvious abnormalities, providing a powerful tool to further investigate the role of O-GlcNAc on TAB1 in the inflammatory response in the context of a whole organism.
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47
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Joiner CM, Levine ZG, Aonbangkhen C, Woo CM, Walker S. Aspartate Residues Far from the Active Site Drive O-GlcNAc Transferase Substrate Selection. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12974-12978. [PMID: 31373491 PMCID: PMC6849375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is an abundant post-translational modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in all metazoans. This modification regulates a wide variety of cellular processes, and elevated O-GlcNAc levels have been implicated in cancer progression. A single essential enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), is responsible for all nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAcylation. Understanding how this enzyme chooses its substrates is critical for understanding, and potentially manipulating, its functions. Here we use protein microarray technology and proteome-wide glycosylation profiling to show that conserved aspartate residues in the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) lumen of OGT drive substrate selection. Changing these residues to alanines alters substrate selectivity and unexpectedly increases rates of protein glycosylation. Our findings support a model where sites of glycosylation for many OGT substrates are determined by TPR domain contacts to substrate side chains five to fifteen residues C-terminal to the glycosite. In addition to guiding design of inhibitors that target OGT's TPR domain, this information will inform efforts to engineer substrates to explore biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M. Joiner
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zebulon G. Levine
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chanat Aonbangkhen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Christina M. Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115
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48
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Jo S, Lockridge A, Alejandro EU. eIF4G1 and carboxypeptidase E axis dysregulation in O-GlcNAc transferase-deficient pancreatic β-cells contributes to hyperproinsulinemia in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13040-13050. [PMID: 31300553 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An early hallmark of type 2 diabetes is a failure of proinsulin-to-insulin processing in pancreatic β-cells, resulting in hyperproinsulinemia. Proinsulin processing is quite sensitive to nutrient flux, and β-cell-specific deletion of the nutrient-sensing protein modifier OGlcNAc transferase (βOGTKO) causes β-cell failure and diabetes, including early development of hyperproinsulinemia. The mechanisms underlying this latter defect are unknown. Here, using several approaches, including site-directed mutagenesis, Click O-GlcNAc labeling, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence and EM imaging, we provide the first evidence for a relationship between the O-GlcNAcylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4γ1 (eIF4G1) and carboxypeptidase E (CPE)-dependent proinsulin processing in βOGTKO mice. We first established that βOGTKO hyperproinsulinemia is independent of age, sex, glucose levels, and endoplasmic reticulum-CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)-mediated stress status. Of note, OGT loss was associated with a reduction in β-cell-resident CPE, and genetic reconstitution of CPE in βOGTKO islets rescued the dysfunctional proinsulin-to-insulin ratio. We show that although CPE is not directly OGlcNAc modified in islets, overexpression of the suspected OGT target eIF4G1, previously shown to regulate CPE translation in β-cells, increases islet CPE levels, and fully reverses βOGTKO islet-induced hyperproinsulinemia. Furthermore, our results reveal that OGT O-GlcNAc-modifies eIF4G1 at Ser-61 and that this modification is critical for eIF4G1 protein stability. Together, these results indicate a direct link between nutrient-sensitive OGT and insulin processing, underscoring the importance of post-translational O-GlcNAc modification in general cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Amber Lockridge
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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49
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Nie H, Yi W. O-GlcNAcylation, a sweet link to the pathology of diseases. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:437-448. [PMID: 31090269 PMCID: PMC6568225 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic post-translational modification occurring on myriad proteins in the cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. The donor sugar for O-GlcNAcylation, uridine-diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), is synthesized from glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The recycling of O-GlcNAc on proteins is mediated by two enzymes in cells-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc, respectively. O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a number of important cell processes including transcription, translation, metabolism, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Deregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been reported to be associated with various human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. A better understanding of the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in physiopathological processes would help to uncover novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent updates on the mechanisms and impacts of O-GlcNAcylation on these diseases, and its potential as a new clinical target.
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Jaskiewicz NM, Townson DH. Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2899-2910. [PMID: 31080560 PMCID: PMC6499600 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic women have a 2–3 fold increased risk of developing endometrial cancer, however, the molecular aspects of this risk are not fully understood. This study investigated the alteration of cellular O-GlcNAcylation of proteins as the potential mechanistic connection between these two conditions. The endometrial cancer cell line (Ishikawa) was utilized to study the effect of dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation (via 1 μM Thiamet-G/ThmG or 25 mM Glucose) enhanced the expression of EMT-associated genes (WNT5B and FOXC2), and protein expression of the EMT adhesion molecule, N-Cadherin. Reorganization of stress filaments (actin filaments), consistent with EMT, was also noted in ThmG-treated cells. Interestingly, Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation (via 50 μM OSMI-1) also upregulated WNT5B, inferring that any disruption to O-GlcNAc cycling impacts EMT. However, Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation reduced overall cellular proliferation/migration and the expression of pro-EMT genes (AHNAK, TGFB2, FGFBP1, CALD1, TFPI2). In summary, disruption of O-GlcNAc cycling (i.e., Hyper- or Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation) promoted EMT at both the molecular and cellular levels, but only Hyper-O-GlcNAcylation provoked cellular proliferation/migration, and cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Morin Jaskiewicz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - David H Townson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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