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Chikamatsu M, Watanabe H, Shintani Y, Murata R, Miyahisa M, Nishinoiri A, Imafuku T, Takano M, Arimura N, Yamada K, Kamimura M, Mukai B, Satoh T, Maeda H, Maruyama T. Albumin-fused long-acting FGF21 analogue for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Control Release 2023; 355:42-53. [PMID: 36690035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently affects about 25% of the world's population, and the numbers continue to rise as the number of obese patients increases. However, there are currently no approved treatments for NAFLD. This study reports on the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of a recombinant human serum albumin-fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue fusion protein (HSA-FGF21) on the pathology of NAFLD that was induced by using two high-fat diets (HFD), HFD-60 and STHD-01. The HFD-60-induced NAFLD model mice with obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation were treated with HSA-FGF21 three times per week for 4 weeks starting at 12 weeks after the HFD-60 feeding. The administration of HSA-FGF21 suppressed the increased body weight, improved hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and showed a decreased accumulation of plasma lipid and hepatic lipid levels. The elevation of C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acids in the liver that were observed in the HFD-60 group was recovered by the HSA-FGF21 administration. The increased expression levels of the hepatic fatty acid uptake receptor (CD36) and fatty acid synthase (SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, Elovl6) were also suppressed. In adipose tissue, HSA-FGF21 caused an improved adipocyte hypertrophy, a decrease in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and induced the expression of adiponectin and thermogenic factors. The administration of HSA-FGF21 to the STHD-01-induced NAFLD model mice resulted in suppressed plasma ALT and AST levels, oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis. Together, HSA-FGF21 has some potential for use as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Chikamatsu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Yuhi Shintani
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryota Murata
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masako Miyahisa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishinoiri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mei Takano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nanaka Arimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kohichi Yamada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Miya Kamimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Baki Mukai
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takao Satoh
- Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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Zhan J, Jin K, Ding N, Zhou Y, Hu G, Yuan S, Xie R, Wen Z, Chen C, Li H, Wang DW. Positive feedback loop of miR-320 and CD36 regulates the hyperglycemic memory-induced diabetic diastolic cardiac dysfunction. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 31:122-138. [PMID: 36618264 PMCID: PMC9813582 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intensive glycemic control is insufficient for reducing the risk of heart failure among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). While the "hyperglycemic memory" phenomenon is well documented, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. In this study, a type 1 DM model was established in C57BL/6 mice using streptozotocin (STZ). Leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice were used as a model of type 2 DM. A type 9 adeno-associated virus was used to overexpress or knock down miR-320 in vivo. Diastolic dysfunction was observed in the type 1 DM mice with elevated miR-320 expression. However, glycemic control using insulin failed to reverse diastolic dysfunction. miR-320 knockdown protected against STZ-induced diastolic dysfunction. Similar results were observed in the type 2 DM mice. In vitro, we found that miR-320 promoted CD36 expression, which in turn induced further miR-320 expression. CD36 was rapidly induced by hyperglycemia at protein level compared with the much slower induction of miR-320, suggesting a positive feedback loop of CD36/miR-320 with CD36 protein induction as the initial triggering event. In conclusion, in DM-induced cardiac injury, miR-320 and CD36 mutually enhance each other's expression, leading to a positive feedback loop and a sustained hyperlipidemic state in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kunying Jin
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Guo Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China,Corresponding author: Chen Chen, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China,Corresponding author: Huaping Li, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China,Corresponding author: Dao Wen Wang, Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China.
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Berthou F, Sobolewski C, Abegg D, Fournier M, Maeder C, Dolicka D, Correia de Sousa M, Adibekian A, Foti M. Hepatic PTEN Signaling Regulates Systemic Metabolic Homeostasis through Hepatokines-Mediated Liver-to-Peripheral Organs Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073959. [PMID: 35409319 PMCID: PMC8999584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-derived circulating factors deeply affect the metabolism of distal organs. Herein, we took advantage of the hepatocyte-specific PTEN knockout mice (LPTENKO), a model of hepatic steatosis associated with increased muscle insulin sensitivity and decreased adiposity, to identify potential secreted hepatic factors improving metabolic homeostasis. Our results indicated that protein factors, rather than specific metabolites, released by PTEN-deficient hepatocytes trigger an improved muscle insulin sensitivity and a decreased adiposity in LPTENKO. In this regard, a proteomic analysis of conditioned media from PTEN-deficient primary hepatocytes identified seven hepatokines whose expression/secretion was deregulated. Distinct expression patterns of these hepatokines were observed in hepatic tissues from human/mouse with NAFLD. The expression of specific factors was regulated by the PTEN/PI3K, PPAR or AMPK signaling pathways and/or modulated by classical antidiabetic drugs. Finally, loss-of-function studies identified FGF21 and the triad AHSG, ANGPTL4 and LECT2 as key regulators of insulin sensitivity in muscle cells and in adipocytes biogenesis, respectively. These data indicate that hepatic PTEN deficiency and steatosis alter the expression/secretion of hepatokines regulating insulin sensitivity in muscles and the lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. These hepatokines could represent potential therapeutic targets to treat obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Berthou
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(22)-379-52-04
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4
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Li S, Jia H, Liu Z, Wang N, Guo X, Cao M, Fang F, Yang J, Li J, He Q, Guo R, Zhang T, Kang K, Wang Z, Liu S, Cao Y, Jiang X, Ren G, Wang K, Yu B, Xiao W, Li D. Fibroblast growth factor-21 as a novel metabolic factor for regulating thrombotic homeostasis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:400. [PMID: 35013379 PMCID: PMC8748457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) performs a wide range of biological functions in organisms. Here, we report for the first time that FGF-21 suppresses thrombus formation with no notable risk of bleeding. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of FGF-21 significantly improved the degree of vascular stenosis and reduced the thrombus area, volume and burden. We determined the antithrombotic mechanism of FGF-21, demonstrating that FGF-21 exhibits an anticoagulant effect by inhibiting the expression and activity of factor VII (FVII). FGF-21 exerts an antiplatelet effect by inhibiting platelet activation. FGF-21 enhances fibrinolysis by promoting tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression and activation, while inhibiting plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) expression and activation. We further found that FGF-21 mediated the expression and activation of tPA and PAI-1 by regulating the ERK1/2 and TGF-β/Smad2 pathways, respectively. In addition, we found that FGF-21 inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors in thrombosis by regulating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihang Liu
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Guo
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhua Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Yang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyan Li
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi He
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Kang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Liu
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukai Cao
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghao Jiang
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiping Ren
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Harbin Medical University, TOF-PET/CT/MR Center, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150028, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of New-Tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Parmaceutical CO. LTD, Lianyungang, 222001, People's Republic of China.
- Bio-Pharmaceutical Lab, Life Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Zhu L, Zhao H, Liu J, Cai H, Wu B, Liu Z, Zhou S, Liu Q, Li X, Bao B, Liu J, Dai H, Wang J. Dynamic folding modulation generates FGF21 variant against diabetes. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51352. [PMID: 33295692 PMCID: PMC7788455 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. It has been widely considered as a promising candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other related metabolic disorders. However, lack of structural and dynamic information has limited FGF21-based drug development. Here, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we determine the structure of FGF21 and find that its non-canonical flexible β-trefoil conformation affects the folding of β2-β3 hairpin and further overall protein stability. To modulate folding dynamics, we designed an FGF21-FGF19 chimera, FGF21SS . As expected, FGF21SS shows better thermostability without inducing hepatocyte proliferation. Functional characterization of FGF21SS shows its better insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and lower blood glucose and insulin levels in ob/ob mice compared with wild type. Our dynamics-based rational design provides a promising approach for FGF21-based therapeutic development against T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Biotechnology & Food EngineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefeiChina
| | - Bo Wu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Zhijun Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Shu Zhou
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Bin Bao
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jian Liu
- University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Han Dai
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryCAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina
- Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Institute of Physical Science and Information TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina
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6
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Li S, Wang N, Guo X, Li J, Zhang T, Ren G, Li D. Fibroblast growth factor 21 regulates glucose metabolism in part by reducing renal glucose reabsorption. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:355-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Li Y, Zheng J, Shen Y, Li W, Liu M, Wang J, Zhu S, Wu M. Comparative Study of Liraglutide and Insulin Glargine on Glycemic Control and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in db/db Mice. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3293-3300. [PMID: 29777582 PMCID: PMC5987616 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the effects of liraglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, and insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin analog, on glycemic control and pancreatic β-cell function in db/db mice. Material/Methods Eight-week-old male db/db mice (n=40) were divided into five groups: the vehicle-treated group (VG) (n=8); the insulin glargine-treated group (GG) (dose, 450 mg/kg) (n=8), the low-dose liraglutide-treated group (LLG) (dose, 75 μg/kg) (n=8), the mid-dose liraglutide-treated group (MLG) (150 μg/kg) (n=8), and the high-dose liraglutide-treated group (HLG) (300 μg/kg) (n=8), treated with subcutaneous injection once daily, from 8–14 weeks-of-age. Body weight, pancreatic weight, levels of blood glucose, triacylglycerol, C-peptide, and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were used. Expression levels of the INS1 gene were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), paired box 4 (Pax4), and paired box 6 (Pax6) mRNA expression were measured. Results Both insulin glargine and liraglutide improved glycemic control of db/db mice when compared with vehicle. The following were significantly increased in the HLG compared with the GG: the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) for the IPGTT; C-peptide levels; the pancreas to body weight coefficient; expression levels of the INS1 gene and pancreatic transcription factors Pdx1, Pax4 and Pax6. Liraglutide treatment was without hypoglycemic effects. Conclusions Liraglutide acted in a dose-dependent manner on glycemic control of db/db mice, and was more effective than insulin glargine, when administered at a high dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, , China (mainland)
| | - Wangen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Meimei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ji'an Central Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Surong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Meihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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8
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Efficacy of a combination of high and low dosage of PEGylated FGF-21 in treatment of diabetes in db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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9
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Zhu S, Wu Y, Ye X, Ma L, Qi J, Yu D, Wei Y, Lin G, Ren G, Li D. FGF21 ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inducing autophagy. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:107-19. [PMID: 27435856 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and seek to determine if its therapeutic effect is through induction of autophagy. In this research, Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG)-induced obese mice or normal lean mice were treated with vehicle, Fenofibrate, and recombinant murine FGF21, respectively. After 5 weeks of treatment, metabolic parameters including body weight, blood glucose and lipid levels, hepatic and fat gene expression levels were monitored and analyzed. Also, fat-loaded HepG2 cells were treated with vehicle or recombinant murine FGF21. The expression levels of proteins associated with autophagy were detected by western blot, real-time PCR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Autophagic flux was monitored by laser confocal microscopy and western blot. Results showed that FGF21 significantly reduced body weight (P < 0.01) and serum triglyceride, improved insulin sensitivity, and reversed hepatic steatosis in the MSG model mice. In addition, FGF21 significantly increased the expression of several proteins related to autophagy both in MSG mice and fat-loaded HepG2 cells, such as microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3, Bcl-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein-1 (Beclin-1), and autophagy-related gene 5. Furthermore, the evidence of TEM revealed an increased number of autophagosomes and lysosomes in the model cells treated with FGF21. In vitro experimental results also showed that FGF21 remarkably increased autophagic flux. Taken together, FGF21 corrects multiple metabolic parameters on NAFLD in vitro and in vivo by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Zhu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunzhou Wu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianlong Ye
- School of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Ma
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianying Qi
- School of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dan Yu
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guiping Ren
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Cuevas-Ramos D, Aguilar-Salinas CA. Modulation of energy balance by fibroblast growth factor 21. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 30:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2016-0023/hmbci-2016-0023.xml. [PMID: 27318658 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a superfamily of 22 proteins related to cell proliferation and tissue repair after injury. A subgroup of three proteins, FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, are major endocrine mediators. These three FGFs have low affinity to heparin sulfate during receptor binding; in contrast they have a strong interaction with the cofactor Klotho/β-Klotho. FGF21 has received particular attention because of its key role in carbohydrate, lipids, and energy balance regulation. FGF21 improves glucose and lipids metabolism as well as increasing energy expenditure in animal models and humans. Conditions that induce human physical stress such as exercise, lactation, obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes influence FGF21 circulating levels. FGF21 also has an anti-oxidant function in human metabolic diseases which contribute to understanding the FGF21 compensatory increment in obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, energy expenditure and weight loss is induced by FGF21. The mechanism involved is through "browning" of white adipose tissue, increasing brown adipose tissue activity and heat production. Therefore, clinical evaluation of therapeutic action of exogenous FGF21 administration is warranted, particularly to treat diabetes and obesity.
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Pilot-scale production and characterization of PEGylated human FGF-21 analog. J Biotechnol 2016; 228:8-17. [PMID: 27109774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FGF-21 has become a potential drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that PEGylation of FGF-21 could significantly increase its in vivo half-life and provide its long-lasting blood glucose-lowering effect. To accelerate the development of PEGylated FGF-21 for clinical application as a long-acting antidiabetes drug, we prepared ahmFGF-21 (FGF-21 mutant) and PEGylated ahmFGF-21 in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) by high cell density fermentation at a 50-L scale and pilot-scale purification. The physical and chemical properties of the purified proteins were analyzed in this study, including purity, molecular weight, isoelectric point, bacterial endotoxin, PEGylated site and second structure. As well as the in vitro glucose uptake activity and in vivo anti-diabetic effect were evaluated. Under the optimal fermentation and purification conditions, the average bacterial yield and expression level of target protein of three batches attained 52.2±4.6g/L and 223.92±5.41mg/L, respectively. The purity of pilot product was above 98% by SDS-PAGE (non-reducing or reducing) and HPLC (SEC or RPC) analysis and the final yield of PEGylated ahmFGF-21 was 87.91±1.49mg/L, which indicated that the pilot-scale production process was relatively stable. N-terminal sequencing and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy results showed that modification site of PEGylated ahmFGF-21 was alanine at N-terminal and the second structure of ahmFGF-21 had no obvious changes after PEGylation. Compared with ahmFGF-21, the long-acting hypoglycemic effect of PEGylated ahmFGF-21 prepared in the pilot-scale production was significantly improved in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Our results demonstrated that the pilot-scale production process of PEGylated ahmFGF-21 was successfully established, which was very important for the clinical application.
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12
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Ye X, Qi J, Wu Q, Yu D, Li S, Wu Y, Li D. Long-lasting hypoglycemic effect of modified FGF-21 analog with polyethylene glycol in type 1 diabetic mice and its systematic toxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:198-208. [PMID: 27089817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is a novel metabolic regulator and has the potential to become a powerful therapy to treat diabetes mellitus. However, we found that the clinical application of wild type FGF-21 was influenced by its low intrinsic bio-stability and poor hypoglycemic potency. In this study, The N-terminus of FGF-21 analog (mFGF-21) was PEGylated in a site-specific manner by 20kD methoxy poly-ethylene glycol-propionaldehyde (mPEG-ALD). PEGylated mFGF-21 was isolated by Capto Q anion exchange chromatography. The properties of PEGylated mFGF-21 including the in vitro bio-stability and biological activity were evaluated. As well as the anti-diabetic effect of PEGylated mFGF-21 were studied in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Results demonstrated that PEGylated mFGF-21 had a similar capacity of stimulating glucose uptake in HepG2 cells with mFGF-21 and PEGylation of mFGF-21 significantly enhanced the anti-protease ability and the long acting anti-diabetic effect in type 1 diabetic mice. Furthermore, the preliminary safety of PEGylated mFGF-21 following subcutaneously injection was assessed using healthy mice by measuring the body weight, histopathology and clinical biochemical parameters, and the results showed no subacute toxicity to major organs or tissues and no significant changes in physiological and biochemical parameters in healthy mice. Taken together, under the premise of remaining the in vitro biological activity of mFGF-21, PEGylation significantly improves the long lasting hypoglycemic effect of mFGF-21 in type 1 diabetic mice. Our valuation shows that PEGylated mFGF-21 is a potential drug for the effective treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Ye
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Construction Road, 453007 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jianying Qi
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Construction Road, 453007 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory for Cell Differentiation Regulation, 453007 Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Dan Yu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shujie Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Yunzhou Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Deshan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59 Mucai Street, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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