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Lim ZX, Gyanwali B, Soh J, Koh AS, Goh J. The potential benefits of assessing post-cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in aging: a narrative review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:68. [PMID: 37127789 PMCID: PMC10150471 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an important tool to measure the cardiopulmonary fitness of an individual and has been widely used in athletic, clinical and research settings. Most CPET focus on analyzing physiological responses during exercise. We contend that the post-CPET recovery physiological responses offer further diagnostic and prognostic information about the health of the cardiopulmonary and metabolic systems, especially when testing apparently healthy middle-aged and older adults. However, there are limited studies that investigate physiological responses during the post-CPET recovery, and even less so in middle-aged and older adults. Therefore, this current review is aimed at discussing the contribution of post-CPET recovery parameters to cardiopulmonary health and their potential applications in aging populations. In addition to the existing methods, we propose to examine the aerobic and anaerobic recovery threshold post-CPET as novel potential diagnostic and/or prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xiang Lim
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Bibek Gyanwali
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Janjira Soh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore
| | - Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore.
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore.
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Mirghani H, Altedlawi Albalawi I. Metabolic surgery versus usual care effects on diabetes remission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:31. [PMID: 36829204 PMCID: PMC9951503 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is superior to usual care for diabetes remission. Previous meta-analyses were limited by pooling observational and randomized trials, using various definitions of diabetes remission, and not controlling for various diabetes medications. The current meta-analysis aimed to compare bariatric surgery and usual care regarding the same. METHODS We searched PubMed MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library for relevant articles from the date of the first inception up to February 2023. The keywords diabetes remission, Bariatric surgery, metabolic surgery, lifestyles, usual care, GLIP-1 agonists, insulin use, gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion, sleeve gastrectomy, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, were used. A datasheet was used to extract the relevant data. RESULTS Diabetes remission (complete and prolonged) was higher among bariatric surgeries compared to usual care, odd ratio, 0.06, 95 CI, 0.02-0.25 and 0.12, 95 CI, 0.02-0.72, respectively. bariatric surgery patients were younger, had higher HbA1c, odd ratio, - 3.13, 95 CI, - 3.71 to 2.54, and 0.25, 95 CI, 0.02-0.48, respectively, insulin use was higher, and glucagon-like peptide agonists use was lower among bariatric surgery patients, odd ratio, 0.49, 95% CI, 0.24-0.97, and 3.06, 95% CI, 1.44-6.53, respectively. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery was better than usual care in diabetes remission. Bariatric surgery patients were younger, had higher HbA1c, and received more insulin and lower GLP-1 agonists. No differences were evident regarding body mass index and the duration of diabetes. Further trials comparing the new anti-diabetic medications and different forms of bariatric surgery and controlling for the level of exercise and diet are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyder Mirghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, PO Box 3378, Tabuk, 51941, Saudi Arabia.
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Pellinger TK, Emhoff CAW. Skeletal Muscle Hyperemia: A Potential Bridge Between Post-exercise Hypotension and Glucose Regulation. Front Physiol 2022; 12:821919. [PMID: 35173625 PMCID: PMC8841576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.821919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the hemodynamic response to regular physical activity is important for regulating blood glucose, protecting vascular function, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to these benefits of regular physical activity, evidence suggests even a single bout of dynamic exercise promotes increased insulin-mediated glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity during the acute recovery period. Importantly, post-exercise hypotension (PEH), which is defined as a sustained reduction in arterial pressure following a single bout of exercise, appears to be blunted in those with T2D compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. In this short review, we describe research that suggests the sustained post-exercise vasodilation often observed in PEH may sub-serve glycemic regulation following exercise in both healthy individuals and those with T2D. Furthermore, we discuss the interplay of enhanced perfusion, both macrovascular and microvascular, and glucose flux following exercise. Finally, we propose future research directions to enhance our understanding of the relationship between post-exercise hemodynamics and glucose regulation in healthy individuals and in those with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Pellinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas K. Pellinger,
| | - Chi-An W. Emhoff
- Department of Kinesiology, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA, United States
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Boonthongkaew C, Tong-Un T, Kanpetta Y, Chaungchot N, Leelayuwat C, Leelayuwat N. Vitamin C supplementation improves blood pressure and oxidative stress after acute exercise in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:16-23. [PMID: 33642340 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_95_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of Vitamin C on blood pressure (BP), and subsequently on oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) release, following the low-intensity exercise in the patients. This study included 24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) (age, 53 ± 7 years; hemoglobin A1c, 10.1% ± 0.9%) randomized into two 6-week daily arms based on the consumption of either placebo or 1000 mg Vitamin C. The crossover trial occurred after a 6-week washout. Before and after both supplementation arms, all patients performed cycling exercise at 33% of peak oxygen consumption for 20 min. BP was measured before, immediately, and 60 min after the exercise. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and after the exercise to determine plasma ascorbate, malondialdehyde (MDA), F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), and NO concentrations. Data showed significant lower BP in the Vitamin C arm when compared with the placebo arm (systolic BP [SBP] P < 0.001 at every time point, diastolic BP [DBP] P < 0.001 except at immediately after exercise, P < 0.05). Plasma ascorbate concentration (P < 0.05 at every time point) and plasma NO (at resting P < 0.001, immediately after exercise P < 0.05) were significantly increased in the Vitamin C arm than in the placebo arm. Plasma MDA (P < 0.05 at every time point) and F2-IsoPs (P < 0.05 at every time point) concentrations were significantly lower in the Vitamin C arm than in the placebo arm. In addition, data showed significantly lower SBP (P < 0.001 at every time point), DBP (P < 0.001 except at immediately after exercise P < 0.05), plasma MDA (P < 0.001 at every time point), and F2-IsoPs (P < 0.05 at every time point) at post-supplementation than at pre-supplementation. Besides, there were significantly higher plasma ascorbate (P < 0.05 at every time point) and NO (at rest P < 0.01, immediately after exercise P < 0.05) concentrations at post-supplementation than at pre-supplementation. This is in contrast to the placebo treatment arm which demonstrated no statistical difference in all outcomes throughout the experiment. This study suggests that 6-week Vitamin C supplementation decreased preexercise and postexercise BPs, possibly due to improved oxidative stress and NO release. However, exercise had no effect on any outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongchira Boonthongkaew
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School; Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Terdthai Tong-Un
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yupaporn Kanpetta
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen; Sports and Exercise Science Program, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Nong Khai, Thailand
| | - Nisa Chaungchot
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Leelayuwat
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group; Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Cardiovascular Health Benefits of Exercise Training in Persons Living with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020253. [PMID: 30781593 PMCID: PMC6406966 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is advocated in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), but the effects of different forms of exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in T1D still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on exercise training for cardiovascular risk factors in T1D. Six electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized or non-randomized controlled studies reporting associations between exercise training and cardiovascular risk factors in T1D. Weighted mean differences (WMD) of each cardiovascular risk factor between exercise groups and control groups were calculated using a random effects model. A total of 24 studies reported the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors. Exercise training increased maximal aerobic power (3.01 mL·kg−1·min−1, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.94 to 6.38) and reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; −0.45%, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.17), daily insulin dosage (−0.88 U·kg−1, 95% CI −1.27 to −0.48), and total cholesterol (−0.38 mmol·L−1, 95% CI −0.71 to −0.04). Exercise training did not lead to consistent changes in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In persons living with T1D, exercise training is associated with a beneficial cardiovascular profile, including improvements in lipid profile, glycemic control (decreased daily insulin dosage and HbA1c), and aerobic fitness.
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Magalhaes Sales M, Victor de Sousa C, Barbosa Sampaio W, Ernesto C, Alberto Vieira Browne R, Fernando Vila Nova de Moraes J, Motta-Santos D, Rocha Moraes M, Eugene Lewis J, Gustavo Simões H, Martins da Silva F. Contact Karate Promotes Post-Exercise Hypotension in Young Adult Males. Asian J Sports Med 2016; 7:e33850. [PMID: 27826399 PMCID: PMC5098111 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.33850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, systemic arterial hypertension is a leading cause of death and non-communicable cardiovascular disease. A major factor contributing to this disease is a sedentary lifestyle. However, physical exercise, such as martial arts, may be an option for blood pressure (BP) control. The magnitude of post-exercise hypotension is associated with a prolonged decrease in BP in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Objectives The present study aimed to verify the effects of a Contact Karate (CK) session on BP responses during a post-exercise recovery period in young adults. Patients and Methods Thirty-two male CK athletes volunteered (28.2 ± 6.7 years; 77.0 ± 5.7 kg; and 176.0 ± 4.7 cm) and underwent one CK session (50 minutes) and a control session in which no exercise was performed and the individuals remain seated during the whole time. BP was measured during rest (before sessions), as well as on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th minutes of the post-exercise recovery. Results The systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly lower at the post-exercise period compared to pre-exercise rest (P < 0.05), with the largest reductions being observed at the 60th minutes of recovery [SBP (rest: 125.9 ± 4.7 vs. 60th minutes of recovery: 111.7 ± 5.4 mmHg); DBP (rest: 78.8 ± .7 vs. 60th minutes of recovery: 69.8 ± 2.7 mmHg)] and at the same periods of post-exercise recovery of the control session. Conclusions A single CK session can promote a decrease in BP for at least 60 minutes after performing this type of exercise in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Magalhaes Sales
- Programa de Pós-Graducação Strito Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Escola da Saude, UDF-Centro Universitario, Brasilia, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Marcelo Magalhaes Sales, Programa de Pós-Graducação Stricto Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G, Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Aguas Claras, Brazil. Tel: +55-6133569350, Fax: +55-6133569350, E-mail:
| | - Caio Victor de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graducação Strito Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Wellington Barbosa Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graducação Strito Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ernesto
- Programa de Pós-Graducação Strito Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graducação Strito Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - John Eugene Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Programa de Pós-Graducação Strito Sensu em Educação Física, Universidade Catolica de Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Exercise intensity and hypertension: what’s new? J Hum Hypertens 2016; 31:157-164. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Madrid B, Pires FO, Prestes J, César Leite Vieira D, Clark T, Tiozzo E, Lewis JE, Grubert Campbell CS, Gustavo Simões H. Estimation of the Maximal Lactate Steady State Intensity by the Rating of Perceived Exertion. Percept Mot Skills 2016; 122:136-49. [PMID: 27420312 DOI: 10.1177/0031512516631070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The maximal lactate steady state is the gold standard for evaluating aerobic capacity; however, it is time-consuming. The lactate minimum protocol is an easier alternative, but is not feasible and still expensive. This study investigated whether the rating of perceived exertion of 13 is an accurate predictor of lactate minimum and maximal lactate steady state intensities. Eleven physically active men performed three tests: (1) incremental exercise with workloads based on rating of perceived exertion of 10, 13, and 16 (experimental protocol - denominated RPE-13 test), (2) lactate minimum, and (3) maximal lactate steady state. No differences were observed among participants' workloads corresponding to rating of perceived exertion 13, lactate minimum, and maximal lactate steady state intensities. Thus, the workload associated with the rating of perceived exertion of 13 was equivalent to the other two protocols investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiano Madrid
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil; Paulista University (UNIP), Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - Flavio Oliveira Pires
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Denis César Leite Vieira
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil; University Center (UDF), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Tyler Clark
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eduard Tiozzo
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John E Lewis
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carmen S Grubert Campbell
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Taguatinga DF, Brazil
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Victor de Sousa C, Sales MM, Aguiar SDS, Boullosa DA, Rosa TDS, Baldissera V, Simões HG. Double product break point estimates ventilatory threshold in individuals with type 2 diabetes. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1775-80. [PMID: 27390414 PMCID: PMC4932055 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To verify the identification of the anaerobic threshold through the double product breakpoint (DPBP) method for individuals with type 2 diabetes. [Subjects and Methods] Nine individuals with T2D (7 females; age=63.2 ± 8.9 y) and 10 non-diabetic (ND) (7 females; age=58.3 ± 7.8 y) performed an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and expired gas were measured at the end of each stage. The ventilatory threshold (VT) and DPBP were considered as the exercise intensities above which an over proportional increases in VE and DP were observed in relation to increasing workload. [Results] No differences were observed between the workloads, HR and VO2 corresponding to the AT identified respectively by VT and DPBP. For the T2D, strong correlations between VT and DBPB workloads (r=0.853), HR (r=0.714), and VO2 (r=0.863) were found. These relationships were similar to those found for the control group (r=0.923; r=0.881; and r=0.863, respectively). [Conclusion] These results demonstrate that the DPBP enables for the prediction of AT and correlated well the VT in both the T2D and ND participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Victor de Sousa
- Graduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília-UCB, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Magalhães Sales
- Graduate Program on Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasília-UCB, Brazil; Health School, UDF -Centro Universitário, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vilmar Baldissera
- Faculty of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil
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Pardono E, Fernandes MDO, Azevêdo LM, Almeida JAD, Mota MR, Simões HG. Post-exercise hypotension of normotensive young men through track running sessions. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220152103137534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: After a single session of physical exercise the blood pressure is reduced (post-exercise hypotension, PHE) and it has been considered as a non-pharmacological mechanism to control the blood pressure. When the exercise is performed since youth it can prevent or avoid hypertension. However, it is important to consider studies with clear practical applications to optimize its reproducibility on a daily basis. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the PEH of normotensive and physically active young men after two track running sessions (maximum and submaximal). METHODS: Participated in this study 62 physically active young men (23.3 ± 4.2 years old; 75.5 ± 9.8 kg; 177.7 ± 5.5 cm; 12.0 ± 4.6% body fatF; 52.4 ± 4.0 mL.kg-1.min-1oxygen uptake), which performed a maximum laboratory exercise test for determination of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max - aerobic power) and subsequently three randomly running sessions (maximum - T1600; submaximal - T20; control - CON), with 48h interval between themselves. Blood pressure (BP) was measured each 15min during a 60 min period after sessions. RESULTS: Both the maximum and the submaximal exercise lead to PEH. The post-exercise values of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure differed from resting value in session T20 (p<0.05). The same pattern occurred after T1600 (p<0.05), evidenced from 30th minute post-exercise. The CON did not result in PEH. The magnitude of decay for the mean BP at the 45th after maximum exercise was higher than the other sessions (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that both maximum and submaximal exercises, performed on a track running condition, caused PEH in young normotensive and physically active men.
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Petriz BA, Almeida JA, Gomes CPC, Ernesto C, Pereira RW, Franco OL. Exercise performed around MLSS decreases systolic blood pressure and increases aerobic fitness in hypertensive rats. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 15:1. [PMID: 25888441 PMCID: PMC4367833 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-015-0015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Exercise is a non-pharmacologic agent widely used for hypertension control, where low intensity is often associated with blood pressure reduction. Maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) was recently identified in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as an important step in establishing secure intensities for prescribing exercise for hypertensive phenotypes. Here we verified the effects of training around MLSS, 20% below MLSS, and 15% above MLSS on aerobic fitness and blood pressure status of SHR. Eighteen-week-old SHRs (n = 5, ~ 172.4 ± 8.1 mm Hg systolic blood pressure) were trained on a treadmill for 4 weeks for 30 min/day, 5 days/week at a velocity of 20 m.min−1. After training, a novel MLSS and incremental test was performed to evaluate the animals’ aerobic fitness. Furthermore, ~ 22-week-old SHRs (n = 12, ~169.8 ± 13.8 mm Hg systolic blood pressure) were divided into non-exercised (CG, n = 4), low intensity (LIG, n = 4) and high intensity (HIG, n = 4) groups, where rats were trained at 16 m.min−1 and 23 m.min−1 respectively for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Results Exercise performed at MLSS enhanced aerobic fitness, leading to a novel MLSS, identified around 30 m.min−1. Low and high intensity training reduced systolic blood pressure and only high intensity training led to improved aerobic fitness (28.1%, p < 0.01). Conclusions Therefore, our data indicate a decrease in blood pressure due to low and high exercise intensity, and an increase in aerobic fitness provided by high-intensity exercise in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo A Petriz
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil. .,UDF - Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil. .,Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
| | - Clarissa P C Gomes
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil. .,UDF - Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - Carlos Ernesto
- Laboratório de Avaliação Física e Treinamento - LAFIT, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - Rinaldo W Pereira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil. .,S-Inova, Pos-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
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Karoline de Morais P, Sales MM, Alves de Almeida J, Motta-Santos D, Victor de Sousa C, Simões HG. Effects of aerobic exercise intensity on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes and prehypertension. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:51-6. [PMID: 25642036 PMCID: PMC4305596 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To verify the effects of different intensities of aerobic exercise on 24-hour
ambulatory blood pressure (BP) responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2D) and prehypertension. [Subjects and Methods] Ten individuals with T2D and
prehypertension (55.8 ± 7.7 years old; blood glucose 133.0 ± 36.7 mg·dL−1 and
awake BP 130.6 ± 1.6/ 80.5 ± 1.8 mmHg) completed three randomly assigned experiments:
non-exercise control (CON) and exercise at moderate (MOD) and maximal (MAX) intensities.
Heart rate (HR), BP, blood lactate concentrations ([Lac]), oxygen uptake (VO2),
and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during the experimental
sessions, and during the 60 min recovery period. After this period, ambulatory blood
pressure was monitored for 24 h. [Results] The results indicate that [Lac] (MAX: 6.7±2.0
vs. MOD: 3.8±1.2 mM), RPE (MAX: 19±1.3 vs. MOD: 11±2.3) and VO2peak (MAX:
20.2±4.1 vs. MOD: 14.0±3.0 mL·kg−1·min−1) were highest following the
MAX session. Compared with CON, only MAX elicited post-exercise BP reduction that lasted
for 8 h after exercise and during sleep. [Conclusion] A single session of aerobic exercise
resulted in 24 h BP reductions in individuals with T2D, especially while sleeping, and
this reduction seems to be dependent on the intensity of the exercise performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmella Karoline de Morais
- Universidade Católica de Brasília: EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras, Taguatinga/DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Magalhães Sales
- Universidade Católica de Brasília: EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras, Taguatinga/DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caio Victor de Sousa
- Universidade Católica de Brasília: EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras, Taguatinga/DF, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Universidade Católica de Brasília: EPTC, QS07, LT1 s/n. Bloco G Sala 15, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras, Taguatinga/DF, Brazil
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Asano RY, Sales MM, Browne RAV, Moraes JFVN, Coelho Júnior HJ, Moraes MR, Simões HG. Acute effects of physical exercise in type 2 diabetes: A review. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:659-665. [PMID: 25317243 PMCID: PMC4138589 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i5.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has shown the efficiency of exercise in the control of type 2 diabetes (T2D), being suggested as one of the best kinds of non-pharmacological treatments for its population. Thus, the scientific production related to this phenomenon has growing exponentially. However, despite its advances, still there is a lack of studies that have carried out a review on the acute effects of physical exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic markers and possible control mechanisms of these indicators in individuals with T2D, not to mention that in a related way, these themes have been very little studied today. Therefore, the aim of this study was to organize and analyze the current scientific production about the acute effects of physical exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic markers and possible control mechanisms of these indicators in T2D individuals. For such, a research with the following keywords was performed: -exercise; diabetes and post-exercise hypotension; diabetes and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; diabetes and acute effects in PUBMED, SCIELO and HIGHWIRE databases. From the analyzed studies, it is possible to conclude that, a single exercise session can promote an increase in the bioavailability of nitric oxide and elicit decreases in postexercise blood pressure. Furthermore, the metabolic stress from physical exercise can increase the oxidation of carbohydrate during the exercise and keep it, in high levels, the post exercise consumption of O², this phenomenon increases the rate of fat oxidation during recovery periods after exercise, improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and reduces glycemia between 2-72 h, which seems to be dependent on the exercise intensity and duration of the effort.
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Ferreira AP, Campos BRM, Rodrigues Junior É, Puga GM, Brito CJ. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise intensities on 24-hours blood pressure in normotensive women. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742013000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of the intensity of aerobic and resistance exercise on the 24h BP response in normotensive women. Twenty-four women (aged 33 ± 9 years) performed five experimental sessions in randomized order: CON - no exercise; AE50 - 50% of heart rate reserve (HRR); AE70 - 70% of HRR; RE40 - 40% of 1repetition maximum (RM) and RE70 - 70% of 1RM. Systolic and diastolic BP and HR measurements were measured during 24h post-exercise at the participant's workplace. The AE50, AE70 and RE40 sessions led to the greatest and longest-lasting effects on the SBP, which persisted for up to 24h. For the DBP, the experimental sessions led to similar results; post exercise hypotension was observed until 7h post-exercise, with the exception of the AE70 session, which produced effects that persisted for 24h. Results shows that both aerobic and resistance exercise performed during the morning can decrease the mean BP above the baseline lasting 24 hours during a normal daily work. The aerobic exercise performed around 50% of HRR can better regulate both systolic and diastolic BP in this population.
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Simões HG, Asano RY, Sales MM, Browne RAV, Arsa G, Motta-Santos D, Puga GM, Lima LCDJ, Campbell CSG, Franco OL. Type 2 diabetes elicits lower nitric oxide, bradykinin concentration and kallikrein activity together with higher DesArg(9)-BK and reduced post-exercise hypotension compared to non-diabetic condition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80348. [PMID: 24265812 PMCID: PMC3827199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the plasma kallikrein activity (PKA), bradykinin concentration (BK), DesArg(9)-BK production, nitric oxide release (NO) and blood pressure (BP) response after moderate-intensity aerobic exercise performed by individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Ten subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 10 without type 2 diabetes (ND) underwent three sessions: 1) maximal incremental test on cycle ergometer to determine lactate threshold (LT); 2) 20-min of constant-load exercise on cycle ergometer, at 90% LT and; 3) control session. BP and oxygen uptake were measured at rest and at 15, 30 and 45 min post-exercise. Venous blood samples were collected at 15 and 45 minutes of the recovery period for further analysis of PKA, BK and DesArg(9)-BK. Nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) was analyzed at 15 minutes post exercise. The ND group presented post-exercise hypotension (PEH) of systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure on the 90% LT session but T2D group did not. Plasma NOx increased ~24.4% for ND and ~13.8% for T2D group 15 min after the exercise session. Additionally, only ND individuals showed increases in PKA and BK in response to exercise and only T2D group showed increased DesArg(9)-BK production. It was concluded that T2D individuals presented lower PKA, BK and NOx release as well as higher DesArg(9)-BK production and reduced PEH in relation to ND participants after a single exercise session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e DIP/ Genética e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Magalhães Sales
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Gisela Arsa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia and Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Morais Puga
- Departamento de Educação Física, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Educação Física, UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | | | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia e DIP/ Genética e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Almeida W, Lima L, Olinda M, Rabelo R, Moreira S, Campbell C. Hemodynamic effects of short-term arm-cranking exercise training in hypertensive type-2 diabetics. Sci Sports 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Asano RY, Browne RAV, Sotero RDC, Sales MM, Moraes JFVND, Campbell CSG, Simões HG. Cycling above rather than below lactate threshold is more effective for nitric oxide release and post-exercise blood pressure reduction in individuals with type-2 diabetes. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742013000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to analyze and compare the effects of exercise performed in different intensities, above and below lactate threshold (LT) on post-exercise blood pressure (BP) and nitric oxide (NO) responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). For this, 11 T2D underwent the following sessions: 1) control session; 2) 20-min of moderate cycling (80% LT); and 3) 20-min of high intensity cycling (120%LT) on a cycle ergometer. Plasma NO and BP measurements were carried out at rest and at 15 and 45 min of post-sessions. When compared to rest, only the exercise session performed at 120%LT elicited an increase of NO (from 7.2 to 9.5 µM, p<0.05), as well as a decrease in systolic BP (from 126.6±7.9 to 118.7±3.9 mmHg, p<0.05) during the post-exercise period. In conclusion, the results suggest that NO release and post-exercise BP decrease are intensity-dependent for individuals with T2D.
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18
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Koivula RW, Tornberg AB, Franks PW. Exercise and diabetes-related cardiovascular disease: systematic review of published evidence from observational studies and clinical trials. Curr Diab Rep 2013; 13:372-80. [PMID: 23494754 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cost of treating cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes is enormous and is set to rise in the coming years. Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors are major risk factors for these diseases and are estimated to account for several million global deaths annually. Lifestyle interventions, particularly those aimed at enhancing physical activity levels, have a substantial favorable impact on diabetes progression in people at high risk of the disease. Although observational studies and small intervention studies suggest that physical activity might also prevent CVD in people with diabetes, this is not supported by the results of larger randomized controlled trials of lifestyle intervention. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the published studies focused on the role of physical activity in CVD prevention in persons with diabetes, and to discuss the implications of these studies' findings. Our review identified almost 100 studies published in the past decade relevant to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Koivula
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
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19
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Exercise intensity modulates nitric oxide and blood pressure responses in hypertensive older women. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:43-8. [PMID: 23740632 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Whether intensity or other characteristics of physical activity can better promote the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive older-adults is still unknown. In this study, the post-exercise blood pressure (BP) response and NO release after different intensities of aerobic exercise in elderly women were analyzed. METHODS Blood pressure response and NO were analyzed in 23 elderly mildly hypertensive women. Participants underwent (1) high-intensity incremental exercise (IT); (2) moderate-intensity 20 min exercise at 90% of the anaerobic threshold (AT), and (3) control (CONT) session. BP was measured before and after interventions; volunteers remained seated for 1 h. NO estimates were made through NO2- analyses. RESULTS After CONT session, both diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly higher than during pre-exercise resting. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) was observed after exercise at IT and 90% of AT. Although exercise in both sessions lowered SBP and MAP compared with CONT, exercise at the highest intensity (IT) was more effective on lowering systolic BP after exercise. In comparison with pre-exercise resting, NO2- increased significantly only after IT, but both exercise sessions caused NO2- to increase compared with CONT. CONCLUSION Exercise intensity and NO release may exert a role in eliciting PEH in mildly hypertensive elderly women.
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20
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Moreira SR, Simões GC, Moraes JFVN, Motta DF, Campbell CSG, Simões HG. Blood glucose control for individuals with type-2 diabetes: acute effects of resistance exercise of lower cardiovascular-metabolic stress. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 26:2806-11. [PMID: 22130391 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318242a609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of resistance exercise (RE) intensities on blood glucose (GLUC) of individuals without (ND) and with type-2 diabetes (T2D). Nine individuals with T2D and 10 ND performed: (a) RE circuit at 23% of 1 maximal repetition (1RM) (RE_L); (b) RE circuit at 43% 1RM (RE_M); and (c) control (CON) session. Blood lactate (LAC) and GLUC were measured before, during, and postinterventions. Double product (DP) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. The area under the curve (AUC) revealed the effects of RE circuits in reducing GLUC in individuals with T2D (RE_L: 12,556 ± 3,269 vs. RE_M: 13,433 ± 3,054 vs. CON: 14,576 ± 3,922 mg.dl(-1).145 minutes; p < 0.05) with a lower AUC of GLUC in RE_L in comparison to RE_M. Similarly, for ND the RE_L reduced the AUC of GLUC when compared with RE_M and CON (RE_L: 10,943 ± 956 vs. RE_M: 12,156 ± 1,062 vs. CON: 11,498 ± 882 mg.dl(-1).145 minutes; p < 0.05). The AUC of GLUC was higher for T2D compared with ND on CON condition (p = 0.02). However, after RE circuits the difference between groups for AUC of GLUC was abolished. The RE_M for T2D was more stressful when compared with RE_L for LAC (CON: 1.3 ± 0.5 vs. RE_L: 5.5 ± 1.5 vs. RE_M: 6.8 ± 1.3 mmol·L(-1); p < 0.05), DP (CON: 8,415 ± 1,223 vs. RE_L: 15,980 ± 2,007 vs. RE_M: 18,047 ± 3,693 mmHg.bpm(-1); p < 0.05), and RPE (RE_L: 11 ± 2 vs. RE_M: 13 ± 2 Borg Scale; p < 0.05). We concluded that RE_L and RE_M were effective in reducing GLUC for individuals with T2D, with lower cardiovascular-metabolic and perceptual stress being observed for RE_L. These data suggest that acute RE sessions at light or moderate intensities are effective for controlling GLUC in individuals with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R Moreira
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), PE, Brazil.
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Lunde MSH, Hjellset VT, Høstmark AT. Slow post meal walking reduces the blood glucose response: an exploratory study in female Pakistani immigrants. J Immigr Minor Health 2013; 14:816-22. [PMID: 22270150 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-012-9574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial physical activity may blunt the blood glucose response. In diabetes prone female immigrants only slow walking is regularly performed raising the question of whether also this type of physical activity can attenuate their post meal blood glucose elevation. Using a cross over design, 11 female Pakistani immigrants living in Oslo were recruited to participate in three experiments where their blood glucose concentration was measured every 15 min for 2 h after intake of a high glycemic food, either while resting after the meal or doing very light post meal walking of two durations. Postprandial blood glucose peak value and incremental area under the 2 h blood glucose curve decreased with increasing duration of slow post meal walking. Also the blood pressure was lowered. Post meal walking can strongly attenuate the glycemic response to carbohydrates and reduce blood pressure in a high risk group of immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S H Lunde
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Box 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
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22
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Petriz BA, Gomes CP, Rocha LAO, Rezende TMB, Franco OL. Proteomics applied to exercise physiology: A cutting-edge technology. J Cell Physiol 2011; 227:885-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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The higher exercise intensity and the presence of allele I of ACE gene elicit a higher post-exercise blood pressure reduction and nitric oxide release in elderly women: an experimental study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011; 11:71. [PMID: 22136292 PMCID: PMC3261092 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of the I allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with higher levels of circulating ACE, lower nitric oxide (NO) release and hypertension. The purposes of this study were to analyze the post-exercise salivary nitrite (NO2-) and blood pressure (BP) responses to different exercise intensities in elderly women divided according to their ACE genotype. METHODS Participants (n = 30; II/ID = 20 and DD = 10) underwent three experimental sessions: incremental test - IT (15 watts workload increase/3 min) until exhaustion; 20 min exercise 90% anaerobic threshold (90% AT); and 20 min control session without exercise. Volunteers had their BP and NO2- measured before and after experimental sessions. RESULTS Despite both intensities showed protective effect on preventing the increase of BP during post-exercise recovery compared to control, post-exercise hypotension and increased NO2- release was observed only for carriers of the I allele (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Genotypes of the ACE gene may exert a role in post-exercise NO release and BP response.
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Luza M, Siqueira LDO, Paqualotti A, Reolão JBC, Schmidt R, Calegari L. Efeitos do repouso e do exercício no solo e na água em hipertensos e normotensos. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-29502011000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo visou avaliar o efeito do repouso e do exercício, realizados no solo e na água, sobre a frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) e o volume de diurese em indivíduos hipertensos e normotensos. Foram analisados 20 indivíduos divididos em dois grupos, normotensos (GN, n=8) e hipertensos (GH, n=12). Em ambos foram realizados quatro protocolos distintos, dois de exercícios e dois de repouso, no solo e na água. A PAS, PAD e FC foram mensuradas durante repouso e aos 30, 60 e 90 minutos após cada protocolo. O volume de diurese foi corrigido pelo peso corporal e coletado 30 minutos após cada protocolo. No GH, o protocolo de exercício no solo promoveu redução média de 16,5±3,7 mmHg (p=0,01) da PAS aos 90 minutos pós-exercício. No GN, o protocolo de repouso na água promoveu redução média de 14 bpm (p<0,01) da FC e o volume de diurese foi maior quando comparado aos protocolos realizados no solo (p<0,01). Portanto, a imersão desencadeou bradicardia e aumento do volume de diurese no GN. Não houve efeito hipotensor significativo nos protocolos realizados na água em ambos os grupos. Os resultados sugerem que uma sessão de exercício físico no solo com duração de 45 minutos, em intensidade submáxima, provoca redução da PAS em indivíduos hipertensos.
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25
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Assessment of aerobic capacity during swimming exercise in ob/ob mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:666-72. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Ribeiro F, Campbell CSG, Mendes G, Arsa G, Moreira SR, da Silva FM, Prestes J, da Costa Sotero R, Simões HG. Exercise lowers blood pressure in university professors during subsequent teaching and sleeping hours. Int J Gen Med 2011; 4:711-6. [PMID: 22069373 PMCID: PMC3206114 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University professors are subjected to psychological stress that contributes to blood pressure (BP) reactivity and development of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on BP in university professors during teaching and sleeping hours. METHODS Twelve normotensive professors (42.2 ± 10.8 years, 74.2 ± 11.2 kg, 172.8 ± 10.4 cm, 20.1% ± 6.7% body fat) randomly underwent control (CONT) and exercise (EX30) sessions before initiating their daily activities. EX30 consisted of 30 minutes of cycling at 80%-85% of heart rate reserve. Ambulatory BP was monitored for 24 hours following both sessions. RESULTS BP increased in comparison with pre-session resting values during teaching after CONT (P < 0.05) but not after EX30. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP showed a more pronounced nocturnal dip following EX30 (approximately -14.7, -12.7, and -9.6 mmHg, respectively) when compared with CONT (approximately -6, -5 and -3 mmHg). CONCLUSION Exercise induced a BP reduction in university professors, with the main effects being observed during subsequent teaching and sleeping hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Ribeiro
- Graduate Program on Physical Education and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia
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27
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Sales MM, Campbell CSG, Morais PK, Ernesto C, Soares-Caldeira LF, Russo P, Motta DF, Moreira SR, Nakamura FY, Simões HG. Noninvasive method to estimate anaerobic threshold in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2011; 3:1. [PMID: 21226946 PMCID: PMC3033241 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-3-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While several studies have identified the anaerobic threshold (AT) through the responses of blood lactate, ventilation and blood glucose others have suggested the response of the heart rate variability (HRV) as a method to identify the AT in young healthy individuals. However, the validity of HRV in estimating the lactate threshold (LT) and ventilatory threshold (VT) for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has not been investigated yet. AIM To analyze the possibility of identifying the heart rate variability threshold (HRVT) by considering the responses of parasympathetic indicators during incremental exercise test in type 2 diabetics subjects (T2D) and non diabetics individuals (ND). METHODS Nine T2D (55.6 ± 5.7 years, 83.4 ± 26.6 kg, 30.9 ± 5.2 kg.m2(-1)) and ten ND (50.8 ± 5.1 years, 76.2 ± 14.3 kg, 26.5 ± 3.8 kg.m2(-1)) underwent to an incremental exercise test (IT) on a cycle ergometer. Heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate and expired gas concentrations were measured at the end of each stage. HRVT was identified through the responses of root mean square successive difference between adjacent R-R intervals (RMSSD) and standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat R-R interval variability (SD1) by considering the last 60 s of each incremental stage, and were known as HRVT by RMSSD and SD1 (HRVT-RMSSD and HRVT-SD1), respectively. RESULTS No differences were observed within groups for the exercise intensities corresponding to LT, VT, HRVT-RMSSD and HHVT-SD1. Furthermore, a strong relationship were verified among the studied parameters both for T2D (r = 0.68 to 0.87) and ND (r = 0.91 to 0.98) and the Bland & Altman technique confirmed the agreement among them. CONCLUSION The HRVT identification by the proposed autonomic indicators (SD1 and RMSSD) were demonstrated to be valid to estimate the LT and VT for both T2D and ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M Sales
- Graduate program in Physical Education of the Catholic University of Brasilia, Águas Claras, Taguatinga-DF, 72022-900, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sílvia G Campbell
- Graduate program in Physical Education of the Catholic University of Brasilia, Águas Claras, Taguatinga-DF, 72022-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmella K Morais
- Graduate program in Physical Education of the Catholic University of Brasilia, Águas Claras, Taguatinga-DF, 72022-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ernesto
- Graduate program in Physical Education of the Catholic University of Brasilia, Águas Claras, Taguatinga-DF, 72022-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcio F Soares-Caldeira
- Physical Education Faculty of the North University of Parana, Paris avenue, 675, Jardim Piza - Londrina - Paraná, 86041-120, Brazil
| | - Paulo Russo
- Physical Education Faculty of the Federal Institute of Roraima, Capitão Júlio Bezerra avenue, 1392, Aparecida, Boa Vista - Roraíma, 69303-340, Brazil
| | - Daisy F Motta
- Departament of Physiology and Biophysics - Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos avenue, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R Moreira
- Physical Education Faculty of the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, José de Sá Maniçoba avenue, Center, Petrolina - Pernambuco, 56304-205, Brazil
| | - Fábio Y Nakamura
- Graduate program in Physical Education of the State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid highway, 380 kilometer, Londrina - Paraná, 86051-980, Brazil
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Graduate program in Physical Education of the Catholic University of Brasilia, Águas Claras, Taguatinga-DF, 72022-900, Brazil
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Simões HG, Hiyane WC, Benford RE, Madrid B, Prada FA, Moreira SR, de Oliveira RJ, Nakamura FY, Campbell CSG. Lactate threshold prediction by blood glucose and rating of perceived exertion in people with type 2 diabetes. Percept Mot Skills 2011; 111:365-78. [PMID: 21162440 DOI: 10.2466/06.13.15.27.pms.111.5.365-378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The validity of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in predicting lactate threshold during an incremental test was analyzed in 15 men with type 2 diabetes (M age = 53.4 yr., SD = 12.9). Blood glucose, lactate, and minute ventilation (VE)/VO2 responses identified the lactate, ventilatory, and glucose thresholds. Workloads (W) corresponding to RPEs 12, 13, 14, and 15 were determined. Second-order polynomials fit to VE/W and [lac]/W ratios corresponding to RPEs of 9-10, 12-13, and 16-17 also identified workloads above which there was an overproportional increase in VE and [lac]. These workload breakpoints did not differ, although at RPE 12 underestimated and at RPE 15 overestimated lactate threshold. RPE 13 and 14 and the responses of VE/W and [lac]/W to submaximal exercise accurately predicted lactate threshold.
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Morais PK, Campbell CSG, Sales MM, Motta DF, Moreira SR, Cunha VNC, Benford RE, Simões HG. Acute resistance exercise is more effective than aerobic exercise for 24h blood pressure control in type 2 diabetics. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2010; 37:112-7. [PMID: 21159536 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed to analyze blood pressure (BP) responses in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) over a 24h period following resistance (RES) and aerobic (AER) exercise. METHODS Ten adults with T2D (age: 55.8 ± 7.7 years; weight: 79.4 ± 14.0 kg; fasting glucose: 133.0 ± 36.7 mg.dL⁻¹) underwent: (1) AER: 20 min of cycling at 90% lactate threshold (90% LT); (2) RES: three laps of a circuit of six exercises with eight repetitions at 70% 1-RM and 40s of recovery; and (3) a control session of no exercise. Heart rate (HR), and systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial (MAP) and pulse (PP) BP, as well as lactataemia (Lac), VO(2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during exercise and control (CON) periods, and 60min after interventions. After each session, BP was also monitored over a 24h period. RESULTS Peak Lac (RES: 6.4 ± 1.4mM; AER: 3.8 ± 1.2mM), RER (RES: 1.1 ± 0.1; AER: 0.9 ± 0.1) and RPE (RES: 14.0 ± 1.3; AER: 11.0 ± 2.3) were higher following the RES session (P < 0.05). Similar VO₂ (~70% VO(₂peak)) was reached during AER and RES sessions (14.0 ± 3.0 vs 14.3 ± 1.6 mL.kg.min⁻¹; P > 0.05). Compared with CON, only RES elicited post-exercise BP reduction that lasted 8h after exercise. Also, in comparison to pre-exercise rest, the BP dip during sleep was greater following RES (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A single exercise bout decreases BP in T2D patients over a 24h period, with RES being more effective than AER exercise for BP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Morais
- Postgraduate Program on Physical Activity and Health, Catholic University of Brasilia-UCB, Brasília DF, EPTC, QS07, LT1s/n, Bloco G Sala 120-D, CEP 72030-170 Águas Claras Taguatinga, Brazil
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Esteves LMZS, Simões HG, Oliveira SMLD, Cunha VNDC, Coelho JMDO, Botelho Neto W, Lima LCDJ, Almeida WSD, Silva CBD, Campbell CSG. Respostas cardiovasculares pós-exercício de natação. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922010000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: A crescente procura da natação como um tratamento não-farmacológico da hipertensão arterial tem aumentado. Objetivo: Analisar as respostas da pressão arterial (PA) após o exercício de natação e durante a rotina diária de trabalho de indivíduos pré-hipertensos. MÉTODOS: Oito indivíduos pré-hipertensos (128,2 ± 7,8 / 77,8 ± 6,0mmHg; 41,8 ± 3,2 anos; 84,7 ± 17,9kg; 180,4 ± 4,8cm; 27,3 ± 5,8kg.m2(-1)) foram submetidos a duas sessões, sendo uma de natação (SN) e a outra de controle (SC). A PA foi medida no repouso pré-exercício e durante 12 horas de recuperação pós-exercício. Na SN, os pacientes nadaram por 45min em uma intensidade moderada a alta (PSE 14,5 ± 1,6), e, durante a SC, os sujeitos permaneceram em repouso na posição sentada pelo mesmo período de tempo. RESULTADOS: ANOVA para medidas repetidas evidenciou diminuição significativa (p < 0,05) na PAS por duas horas após a SN em relação ao repouso, e uma diferença significativa entre os deltas do PAS (Δ - PAS variação na recuperação pós-exercício em relação ao repouso pré-exercício) foi observada entre as sessões na primeira e segunda horas após a recuperação, respectivamente (ΔSS = -10,4 e -9,3 vs. ΔCS = 0,8 e 4,4mmHg, p < 0,05). Nγo houve diferenças significativas da PAD, intra e entre as sessões. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício de natação em intensidade moderada a alta foi eficaz para promover redução da PA pós-exercício em indivíduos hipertensos durante a sua rotina de trabalho.
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Motta DF, Lima LCJ, Arsa G, Russo PS, Sales MM, Moreira SR, Morais PK, Almeida WS, Araujo RC, Moraes MR, Pesquero JL, Simões HG, Campbell CSG. Effect of type 2 diabetes on plasma kallikrein activity after physical exercise and its relationship to post-exercise hypotension. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2010; 36:363-8. [PMID: 20579916 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 03/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on plasma kallikrein activity (PKA) and postexercise hypotension (PEH). METHODS Ten T2D patients (age: 53.6±1.3 years; body mass index: 30.6±1.0kg/m(2); resting blood glucose: 157.8±40.2mgdL(-1)) and 10 non-diabetic (ND) volunteers (age: 47.5±1.0 years; body mass index: 28.3±0.9kg/m(2); resting blood glucose: 91.2±10.5mgdL(-1)) underwent two experimental sessions, consisting of 20min of rest plus 20min of exercise (EXE) at an intensity corresponding to 90% of their lactate threshold (90LT) and a non-exercise control (CON) session. Blood pressure (BP; Microlife BP 3AC1-1 monitor) and PKA were measured during rest and every 15min for 135min of the postexercise recovery period (RP). RESULTS During the RP, the ND individuals presented with PEH at 30, 45 and 120min (P<0.05) while, in the T2D patients, PEH was not observed at any time. PKA increased at 15min postexercise in the ND (P<0.05), but not in the T2D patients. CONCLUSION T2D individuals have a lower PKA response to exercise, which probably suppresses its hypotensive effect, thus reinforcing the possible role of PKA on PEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Motta
- Catholic University of Brasília, UCB, Brazil; Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Brazil
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Pari L, Sankaranarayanan C. Beneficial effects of thymoquinone on hepatic key enzymes in streptozotocin–nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2009; 85:830-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Biesenbach G, Bodlaj G, Sedlak M, Pieringer H, Kiesling G. Exercise program for older patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: long-term effects on metabolic control and BMI. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 42:465-9. [PMID: 19806293 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-009-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is an important treatment for diabetes. In our study, we evaluated the acceptance of an exercise program and investigated the long-term effects of exercise on metabolic control and body mass index in older, insulin-treated type 2-diabetic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 72 type 2 diabetic patients, aged >or=50 years, participated in an exercise program. At the beginning of the study and after 3 and 12 months, patients completed a questionnaire concerning current activity. Finally, the patients were divided into two groups: those with and without regular exercise. Metabolic control was compared in both groups. RESULTS Even during the first workout, blood glucose levels fell. No patient suffered from severe hypoglycemia. Motivation for regular exercise increased from 33 to 77%, decreasing slightly to 65% at 12 months. The mean HbA 1c levels were similar in both groups. However, in the exercise group no weight gain was observed in contrast to 2.5% weight gain in the other group. Moreover, insulin requirements were considerably lower in the exercise group. CONCLUSION The acceptance of regular exercise is also high in older patients with newly insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Metabolic control was significantly improved in patients with and without regular exercise; however, in the exercise group, body weight did not increase and insulin requirements were significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biesenbach
- Abt. Interne 2, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Linz, Krankenhausstrasse 9, 4021, Linz, Osterreich.
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Current literature in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 25:i-viii. [PMID: 19267326 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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