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Geronikolou SA, Vasdekis V, Mantzou A, Davos C, Cokkinos DV, Chrousos GP. Neuroendocrine System Adaptation during Consecutive Extrinsic Stimuli: A Pilot Dynamic Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020248. [PMID: 36832376 PMCID: PMC9954945 DOI: 10.3390/children10020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This pilot repeated measures study aims to evaluate the dynamics of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and/or their interplay with low-level inflammation in healthy schoolchildren during consecutive extrinsic stimuli. Twenty healthy schoolchildren and adolescents aged 11-14 years (12.5 ± 1.5) were consecutively exposed to an oral task (#2) and an arithmetic task (#3) (Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C)), lasting 5 min each, and a three-minute cellular phone call (#4). Salivary cortisol (SC) was sampled at baseline (#1) and immediately after each exposure (#2, 3, and 4). Baseline serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and cortisol levels were also assessed. ANS dynamics and complexity were measured using Sample Entropy (SampEn) at each experimental time period (#1-4). Baseline serum hCRP and cortisol correlated negatively to each other, while the ANS and HPA axis acute reactions to the three consecutive stimuli differed over time. The ANS adaptation to these stimuli included complexity modulation, which was not dependent on baseline hsCRP or cortisol, and weakened during the third stimulation. However, baseline hsCRP and cortisol had a weakening and an increasing effect on the HPA axis over time, respectively. We conclude that low-level inflammation and baseline morning cortisol level have no effect on ANS dynamics but influence the HPA axis response to consecutive external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani A. Geronikolou
- Clinical, Translational Research and Experimental Surgery Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4, Soranou Ephessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Thivon 1, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Levadias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106597403
| | - Vasilis Vasdekis
- Department of Statistics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Kodrigtonos 12, 11257 Athens, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Thivon 1, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Davos
- Clinical, Translational Research and Experimental Surgery Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4, Soranou Ephessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dennis V. Cokkinos
- Clinical, Translational Research and Experimental Surgery Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4, Soranou Ephessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Clinical, Translational Research and Experimental Surgery Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4, Soranou Ephessiou Str., 11527 Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Thivon 1, 11527 Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Levadias 8, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Araújo JR, Keating E, Martel F. Impact of gestational diabetes mellitus in the maternal-to-fetal transport of nutrients. Curr Diab Rep 2015; 15:569. [PMID: 25620402 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-014-0569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder prevalent among pregnant women. This disease increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and diseases in the offspring later in life. The human placenta, the main interface between the maternal and fetal blood circulations, is responsible for the maternal-to-fetal transfer of nutrients essential for fetal growth and development. In this context, the aim of this article is to review the latest advances in the placental transport of macro and micronutrients and how they are affected by GDM and its associated conditions, such as elevated levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Data analyzed in this article suggest that GDM and its associated conditions, particularly high levels of glucose, leptin, and oxidative stress, disturb placental nutrient transport and, consequently, fetal nutrient supply. As a consequence, this disturbance may contribute to the fetal and postnatal adverse health outcomes associated with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardo Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal,
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The prothrombotic paradox of severe obesity after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Thromb Res 2014; 134:346-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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