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Wang YF, Li JW, Wang DP, Jin K, Hui JJ, Xu HY. Anti-Hyperglycemic Agents in the Adjuvant Treatment of Sepsis: Improving Intestinal Barrier Function. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1697-1711. [PMID: 35693534 PMCID: PMC9176233 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s360348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier injury and hyperglycemia are common in patients with sepsis. Bacteria translocation and systemic inflammatory response caused by intestinal barrier injury play a significant role in sepsis occurrence and deterioration, while hyperglycemia is linked to adverse outcomes in sepsis. Previous studies have shown that hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for intestinal barrier injury. Concurrently, increasing evidence has indicated that some anti-hyperglycemic agents not only improve intestinal barrier function but are also beneficial in managing sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. Therefore, we assume that these agents can block or reduce the severity of sepsis by improving intestinal barrier function. Accordingly, we explicated the connection between sepsis, intestinal barrier, and hyperglycemia, overviewed the evidence on improving intestinal barrier function and alleviating sepsis-induced organ dysfunction by anti-hyperglycemic agents (eg, metformin, peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-γ agonists, berberine, and curcumin), and summarized some common characteristics of these agents to provide a new perspective in the adjuvant treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Peng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jie Hui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yin Y, Tang L, Liu K, Ding X, Wang D, Chen L. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and hepatocyte pyroptosis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:361-369. [PMID: 35392791 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220407103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) has been shown to be an effective means of treating sepsis-related organ damage. Pytoptotic cell death, in turn, has recently been identified as a key driver of sepsis-related damage. At present, there are few studies on the effect of BMSC transplantation on pytoptotic cell death. OBJECTIVE We explored the ability of BMSCs to attenuate hepatic damage in a pyroptosis-related manner in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. METHODS Following injury modeling and BMSC transplantation, we assessed the expression of the NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and key downstream pyroptosis-related signaling molecules. RESULTS It was found that BMSC transplantation was sufficient to significantly improve rat survival after LPS injection. Significantly reduced expression of the pyroptosis-related proteins NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in rats that had undergone BMSC transplantation compared to control animals. Notably, this activity was superior to single-agent administration of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that BMSC transplantation may alleviate LPS-induced hepatic damage by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the induction of pyroptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Yin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Kui Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Xuefeng Ding
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong,China
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3
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Raj V, Natarajan S, C M, Chatterjee S, Ramasamy M, Ramanujam GM, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Arockiaraj J, Karuppiah K. Cholecalciferol and metformin protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial dysfunction and senescence by modulating sirtuin-1 and protein arginine methyltransferase-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174531. [PMID: 34710370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation through nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFkB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases leads to increased biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, cellular injury and vascular inflammation under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Recent studies report that LPS up-regulated global methyltransferase activity. In this study, we observed that a combination treatment with metformin (MET) and cholecalciferol (VD) blocked the LPS-induced S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase (SDM) activity in Eahy926 cells. We found that LPS challenge (i) increased arginine methylation through up-regulated protein arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1) mRNA, intracellular concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine (HCY); (ii) up-regulated cell senescence through mitigated sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) mRNA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentration, telomerase activity and total antioxidant capacity; and (iii) lead to endothelial dysfunction through compromised nitric oxide (NOx) production. However, these LPS-mediated cellular events in Eahy926 cells were restored by the synergistic effect of MET and VD. Taken together, this study identified that the dual compound effect inhibits LPS-induced protein arginine methylation, endothelial senescence and dysfunction through the components of epigenetic machinery, SIRT1 and PRMT1, which is a previously unidentified function of the test compounds. In silico results identified the presence of vitamin D response element (VDRE) sequence on PRMT1 suggesting that VDR could regulate PRMT1 gene expression. Further characterization of the cellular events associated with the dual compound challenge, using gene silencing approach or adenoviral constructs for SIRT1 and/or PRMT1 under inflammatory stress, could identify therapeutic strategies to address the endothelial consequences in vascular inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Raj
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital & Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Suganya Natarajan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Marimuthu C
- Gleneagles Global Health City, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Mohankumar Ramasamy
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy Ramanujam
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam, 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Humanities, Kattankulathur 603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanchana Karuppiah
- Department of Medical Research, Medical College Hospital & Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, India.
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4
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A Cross-Talk between the Erythrocyte L-Arginine/ADMA/Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway and the Endothelial Function in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072306. [PMID: 34371816 PMCID: PMC8308357 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Type-2-diabetes-mellitus (DM) is one the most important cardiovascular-risk-factors. Among many molecules regulating vascular tone, nitric oxide appears to be the most pivotal. Although micro- and macrovascular-abnormalities are extensively studied, the alterations in the nitric-oxide-metabolic-pathway require further investigations. Additionally, the role of erythrocytes in the vascular tone regulation has not been extensively explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the endothelial-function and the nitric-oxide-metabolic-pathway in erythrocytes and plasma of diabetic individuals. (2) Methods: A total of 80 subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, including 35 patients with DM and 45 healthy individuals. The endothelial-function was evaluated in response to different stimuli. (3) Results: In the DM group, decreased Arginine and citrulline concentrations in the plasma compartment with reduced Arginine/ADMA and ADMA/DMA-ratios were observed. Preserved nitric-oxide-metabolism in erythrocytes with reduced citrulline level and significantly higher NO-bioavailability were noted. Significant endothelial dysfunction in DM individuals was proved in response to the heat-stimulus. (4) Conclusions: DM patients at an early stage of disease show significant differences in the nitric-oxide-metabolic-pathway, which are more pronounced in the plasma compartment. Erythrocytes constitute a buffer with a higher nitric-oxide-bioavailability, less affected by the DM-related deviations. Patients at an early-stage of DM reveal endothelial-dysfunction, which could be diagnosed earlier using the laser-Doppler-flowmetry.
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5
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Kar E, Alataş Ö, Şahıntürk V, Öz S. Effects of metformin on lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation by activating fibroblast growth factor 21. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:44-52. [PMID: 33663305 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1894353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria that produces endotoxemia, which may cause septic shock. Metformin (MET) is a widely used hypoglycemic drug that exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine polypeptide that affects glucose and lipid metabolism, and also possesses anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the effects of MET and FGF21 on inflammation due to LPS induced endotoxemia in male rats. Animals were divided into five groups: control, LPS, pre-MET LPS, LPS + 1 h MET and LPS + 3 h MET. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, FGF2, interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured. Malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and FGF21 levels were measured in liver tissue samples. Histopathology of all groups was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin stained sections. LPS caused severe inflammatory liver damage. MET exhibited a partially protective effect and reduced inflammation significantly. FGF21 is produced in the liver following inflammation and MET may increase its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Özkan Alataş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Şahıntürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Semih Öz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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6
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Ismail Hassan F, Didari T, Khan F, Niaz K, Mojtahedzadeh M, Abdollahi M. A Review on The Protective Effects of Metformin in Sepsis-Induced Organ Failure. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:363-370. [PMID: 31376317 PMCID: PMC6722446 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in sepsis management, it remains a major intensive-care-unit (ICU) concern. From new prospective, positive
effects of metformin, such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are considered potentially beneficial properties
for management of septic patients. This article reviewed the potential ameliorative effects of metformin in sepsis-induced
organ failure. Information were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Multi-organ damage, oxidative
stress, inflammatory cytokine stimulation, and altered circulation are hallmarks of sepsis. Metformin exerts its effect via
adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. It improves sepsis-induced organ failure by inhibiting
the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, preventing the activation of transcription
factors related to inflammation, decreasing neutrophil accumulation/infiltration, and also maintaining mitochondrial membrane
potential. Studies reported the safety of metformin therapeutic doses, with no evidence of lactic acidosis, in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ismail Hassan
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Didari
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Niaz
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Huang S, Xu Y, Peng WF, Cheng J, Li HH, Shen LS, Xia LL. Asymmetric dimethylarginine targets MAPK pathway to regulate insulin resistance in liver by activating inflammation factors. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7474-7481. [PMID: 30506883 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with impaired glucose uptake and altered protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. Previous studies have suggested asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and inflammation are two distinguish factors that correlate with insulin resistance (IR). How ADMA and inflammation factors interact and synchronize in the regulation of IR in liver remain to be elucidated. In this study, we systematically investigated whether ADMA is involved in IR using primary hepatocytes, if yes, by via which molecular mechanism. Our results demonstrated that ADMA inhibits insulin sensitivity in a concentration-dependent manner by activating inflammation factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in primary hepatocytes. Further analysis revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway act downstream of ADMA and inflammation factors, and inhibition of MAPK pathway rescued the IR. Furthermore, metformin effects has been found which could reverse ADMA-induced IR by suppressing MAPK signaling pathway. To our knowledge, we, for the first time, unveiled the complicated regulatory network and interactions among ADMA, inflammation, and MAPK signaling pathway, which advanced current research on the development and regulation of IR in liver. This study also certainly provided novel insights on comprehensive diagonistics roles of ADMA as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Wen-Fang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Sha Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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8
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Bollenbach A, Tsikas D. Pharmacological activation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity by inorganic nitrate and DDAH inhibition by N G-hydroxy-L-arginine, N ω,N ω-dimethyl-L-citrulline and N ω,N ω-dimethyl-N δ-hydroxy-L-citrulline: results and overview. Amino Acids 2018; 51:483-494. [PMID: 30536052 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase. SDMA is excreted in the urine without major metabolization. About 10% of daily produced ADMA are excreted unchanged in the urine. The major elimination route of ADMA (about 90%) involves its hydrolysis to dimethylamine (DMA) and L-citrulline by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and excretion of DMA in the urine. High circulating and low excretory concentrations of ADMA are considered risk factors. Experimentally, DDAH activity can be inhibited by SH-specific agents such as inorganic and organic mercury compounds, and by S-nitrosothiols which block the SH group of a particular cysteine moiety of DDAH that is essential for its hydrolytic activity. Alternatively, DDAH activity can be inhibited by organic compounds that compete with the substrate ADMA for DDAH. Arginine analogs that contain substituents on guanidine nitrogen atom(s) (NG) represent a class of DDAH inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated the effects of physiological and natural amino acid derivatives of L-arginine and L-citrulline as well as of nitrate and nitrite, the major circulating and excretory metabolites of NO and NO donating drugs. Here, we report for the first time that the physiological NG-hydroxy-L-arginine, an isolable intermediate in NO synthesis, inhibits recombinant DDAH-1 activity (IC50 ≈ 100 µM). Two plant L-citrulline derivatives, i.e., Nω,Nω-dimethyl-L-citrulline and Nω,Nω-dimethyl-Nδ-hydroxy-L-citrulline (connatin), were found to inhibit almost completely hepatic DDAH activity in vitro in rat homogenate at a concentration of 100 µM each. At pharmacological concentrations (i.e., 1 mM), inorganic nitrate, but not inorganic nitrite, was found to increase rat liver DDAH activity. In urine of 18 patients with Becker's muscular dystrophy, nitrate was found to correlate closely with DMA (Spearman, r = 0.73, p = 0.002). In summary, NG-hydroxy-L-arginine, Nω,Nω-dimethyl-L-citrulline and Nω,Nω-dimethyl-Nδ-hydroxy-L-citrulline are novel inhibitors of DDAH activity. This article provides an overview of amino acid-based DDAH inhibitors and discusses potential underlying inhibition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Ramachandran S, Loganathan S, Cheeran V, Charles S, Munuswamy-Ramanujan G, Ramasamy M, Raj V, Mala K. Forskolin attenuates doxorubicin-induced accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine and s-adenosylhomocysteine via methyltransferase activity in leukemic monocytes. Leuk Res Rep 2018; 9:28-35. [PMID: 29892545 PMCID: PMC5993357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor drug, associated with cardiomyopathy. Strategies to address DOX-cardiomyopathy are scarce. Here, we identify the effect of forskolin (FSK) on DOX-induced-asymmetric-dimethylarginine (ADMA) accumulation in monocytoid cells. DOX-challenge led to i) augmented cytotoxicity, reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) production and methyltransferase-enzyme-activity identified as ADMA and s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) accumulation (SAH-A). However, except cytotoxicity, other DOX effects were decreased by metformin and FSK. FSK, did not alter the DOX-induced cytotoxic effect, but, decreased SAH-A by >50% and a combination of three drugs restored physiological methyltransferase-enzyme-activity. Together, protective effect of FSK against DOX-induced SAH-A is associated with mitigated methyltransferase-activity, a one-of-a-kind report.
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Key Words
- ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine
- CT, chemotherapy
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular disease
- DDAH, dimethylarginine diaminohydrolase
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Endothelial dysfunction
- FSK, forskolin
- Forskolin
- HCY, homocysteine
- HTRF, homogenous time-resolved fluorescence
- L-arg, L-arginine
- L-cit, L-citrulline
- MET, metformin
- Metformin
- Methyltransferase
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- OS, oxidative stress
- PRMT1, protein arginine methyltransferase1
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAH, s-adenosylhomocysteine;
- SAH-A, SAH accumulation
- SAHH, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase
- SAM, s-adenosylmethionine
- SIRT1, sirtuin1
- cAMP, cyclic AMP
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhiya Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Swetha Loganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Vinnie Cheeran
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Soniya Charles
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India.,Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | | | - Mohankumar Ramasamy
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Vijay Raj
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India
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10
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Toxic Dimethylarginines: Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA). Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030092. [PMID: 28272322 PMCID: PMC5371847 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA, respectively) are toxic, non-proteinogenic amino acids formed by post-translational modification and are uremic toxins that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production and play multifunctional roles in many human diseases. Both ADMA and SDMA have emerged as strong predictors of cardiovascular events and death in a range of illnesses. Major progress has been made in research on ADMA-lowering therapies in animal studies; however, further studies are required to fill the translational gap between animal models and clinical trials in order to treat human diseases related to elevated ADMA/SDMA levels. Here, we review the reported impacts of ADMA and SDMA on human health and disease, focusing on the synthesis and metabolism of ADMA and SDMA; the pathophysiological roles of these dimethylarginines; clinical conditions and animal models associated with elevated ADMA and SDMA levels; and potential therapies against ADMA and SDMA. There is currently no specific pharmacological therapy for lowering the levels and counteracting the deleterious effects of ADMA and SDMA. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impact of ADMA and SDMA on a wide range of human diseases is essential to the development of specific therapies against diseases related to ADMA and SDMA.
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11
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Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Hepatic Encephalopathy: Cause, Effect or Association? Neurochem Res 2016; 42:750-761. [PMID: 27885576 PMCID: PMC5357500 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The methylated derivative of l-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is synthesized in different mammalian tissues including the brain. ADMA acts as an endogenous, nonselective, competitive inhibitor of all three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and may limit l-arginine supply from the plasma to the enzyme via reducing its transport by cationic amino acid transporters. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a relatively frequently diagnosed complex neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with acute or chronic liver failure, characterized by symptoms linked with impaired brain function leading to neurological disabilities. The l-arginine—nitric oxide (NO) pathway is crucially involved in the pathomechanism of HE via modulating important cerebral processes that are thought to contribute to the major HE symptoms. Specifically, activation of this pathway in acute HE leads to an increase in NO production and free radical formation, thus, contributing to astrocytic swelling and cerebral edema. Moreover, the NO-cGMP pathway seems to be involved in cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, altered in HE. For this reason, depressed NO-cGMP signaling accompanying chronic HE and ensuing cGMP deficit contributes to the cognitive and motor failure. However, it should be remembered that ADMA, a relatively little known element limiting NO synthesis in HE, may also influence the NO-cGMP pathway regulation. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of ADMA to the regulation of the NO-cGMP pathway in the brain, correlation of ADMA level with CBF and cognitive alterations observed during HE progression in patients and/or animal models of HE.
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12
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Rotroff DM, Oki NO, Liang X, Yee SW, Stocker SL, Corum DG, Meisner M, Fiehn O, Motsinger-Reif AA, Giacomini KM, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Pharmacometabolomic Assessment of Metformin in Non-diabetic, African Americans. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:135. [PMID: 27378919 PMCID: PMC4906013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of individuals are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which increases the risk for a plethora of adverse outcomes including cardiovascular events and kidney disease. Metformin is the most widely prescribed medication for the treatment of T2D; however, its mechanism is not fully understood and individuals vary in their response to this therapy. Here, we use a non-targeted, pharmacometabolomics approach to measure 384 metabolites in 33 non-diabetic, African American subjects dosed with metformin. Three plasma samples were obtained from each subject, one before and two after metformin administration. Validation studies were performed in wildtype mice given metformin. Fifty-four metabolites (including 21 unknowns) were significantly altered upon metformin administration, and 12 metabolites (including six unknowns) were significantly associated with metformin-induced change in glucose (q < 0.2). Of note, indole-3-acetate, a metabolite produced by gut microbes, and 4-hydroxyproline were modulated following metformin exposure in both humans and mice. 2-Hydroxybutanoic acid, a metabolite previously associated with insulin resistance and an early biomarker of T2D, was positively correlated with fasting glucose levels as well as glucose levels following oral glucose tolerance tests after metformin administration. Pathway analysis revealed that metformin administration was associated with changes in a number of metabolites in the urea cycle and in purine metabolic pathways (q < 0.01). Further research is needed to validate the biomarkers of metformin exposure and response identified in this study, and to understand the role of metformin in ammonia detoxification, protein degradation and purine metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Rotroff
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA; Department of Statistics, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Noffisat O Oki
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Xiaomin Liang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sophie L Stocker
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel G Corum
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michele Meisner
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California DavisDavis, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah, Saudi-Arabia
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, USA; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, USA
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OKUYUCU A, ŞALIŞ O, ALICI Ö, GÜVENLİ A, TERZİ Y, KELEŞ ME, İLKAYA F, GÖREN İ, ALAÇAM H. The restorative effect of ascorbic acid on liver injury inducedby asymmetric dimethylarginine. Turk J Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1508-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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14
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Lai L, Ghebremariam YT. Modulating DDAH/NOS Pathway to Discover Vasoprotective Insulin Sensitizers. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2016:1982096. [PMID: 26770984 PMCID: PMC4684877 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1982096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is a configuration of cardiovascular risk factors involved in the development of metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to diet, age, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, genetic factors that impair insulin signaling are centrally involved in the development and exacerbation of IRS. Genetic and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) genes are critically involved in the regulation of insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The generation of NO by the NOS enzymes is known to contribute to vascular homeostasis including insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation and insulin sensitivity. By contrast, excessive inhibition of NOS enzymes by exogenous or endogenous factors is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous molecule that competitively inhibits all the NOS enzymes and contributes to metabolic perturbations including IR. The concentration of ADMA in plasma and tissue is enzymatically regulated by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), a widely expressed enzyme in the cardiovascular system. In preclinical studies, overexpression of DDAH has been shown to reduce ADMA levels, improve vascular compliance, and increase insulin sensitivity. This review discusses the feasibility of the NOS/DDAH pathway as a novel target to develop vasoprotective insulin sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yohannes T. Ghebremariam
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Metabonomic analysis of potential biomarkers and drug targets involved in diabetic nephropathy mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11998. [PMID: 26149603 PMCID: PMC4493693 DOI: 10.1038/srep11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the lethal manifestations of diabetic systemic microvascular disease. Elucidation of characteristic metabolic alterations during diabetic progression is critical to understand its pathogenesis and identify potential biomarkers and drug targets involved in the disease. In this study, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR)-based metabonomics with correlative analysis was performed to study the characteristic metabolites, as well as the related pathways in urine and kidney samples of db/db diabetic mice, compared with age-matched wildtype mice. The time trajectory plot of db/db mice revealed alterations, in an age-dependent manner, in urinary metabolic profiles along with progression of renal damage and dysfunction. Age-dependent and correlated metabolite analysis identified that cis-aconitate and allantoin could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of DN. Further correlative analysis revealed that the enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMG-CoA lyase) were involved in dimethylamine metabolism, ketogenesis and GTP metabolism pathways, respectively, and could be potential therapeutic targets for DN. Our results highlight that metabonomic analysis can be used as a tool to identify potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of diseases.
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Differential associations of circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine and cell adhesion molecules with metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease. Amino Acids 2015; 47:1951-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-1976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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