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Alhakamy NA, Alamoudi AJ, Asfour HZ, Ahmed OAA, Abdel-Naim AB, Aboubakr EM. L-arginine mitigates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats through regulation of HO-1/PPAR-γ/β-catenin axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111834. [PMID: 38493696 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressively deteriorating lung condition that can be replicated in laboratory animals by administering bleomycin, a chemotherapeutic antibiotic known for its lung fibrosis-inducing side effects. L-arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, is recognized for its diverse biological functions, including its potential to counteract fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the antifibrotic properties of L-arginine on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The administration of a single intratracheal dose of bleomycin resulted in visible and microscopic damage to lung tissues, an uptick in oxidative stress markers, and an elevation in inflammatory, apoptotic, and fibrotic indicators. A seven-day treatment with L-arginine post-bleomycin exposure markedly improved the gross and histological architecture of the lungs, prevented the rise of malondialdehyde and carbonyl content, and enhanced total antioxidant capacity alongside the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Also, L-arginine attenuated the expression of the pro-fibrotic factors, transforming growth factor-β and lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In the lung tissue, L-arginine reduced collagen deposition, hydroxyproline concentration, and mucus production, along with decreasing expression of α-smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor-α, caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and β-catenin. Moreover, it boosted levels of nitric oxide and upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and E-cadherin and downregulating the expression of β-catenin. These findings suggest that L-arginine has preventive activities against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This effect can be attributed to the increased production of nitric oxide, which modulates the HO-1/PPAR-γ/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsin J Alamoudi
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani Z Asfour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Kazemi N, Javad Mahalati M, Kaviani Y, Al-Musawi MH, Varshosaz J, Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari S, Tavakoli M, Alizadeh M, Sharifianjazi F, Salehi S, Najafinezhad A, Mirhaj M. Core-shell nanofibers containing L-arginine stimulates angiogenesis and full thickness dermal wound repair. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123931. [PMID: 38387821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in medicine, wound healing is still challenging and piques the interest of biomedical engineers to design effective wound dressings using natural and artificial polymers. In present study, coaxial electrospinning was employed to fabricate core-shell nanofiber-based wound dressing, with core composed of polyacrylamide (PAAm) and shell comprising 0.5 % solution of L-Arginine (L-Arg) in aloe vera and keratin (AloKr). Aloe vera and keratin were added as natural polymers to promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation, and provide antibacterial activity, whereas PAAm in core was used to improve the tensile properties of the wound dressing. Moreover, L-Arg was incorporated in shell to promote angiogenesis and collagen synthesis. The fiber diameter of PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) core-shell fibers was (93.33 ± 35.11 nm) with finer and straighter fibers and higher water holding capacity due to increased surface area to volume ratio. In terms of tensile properties, the PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) core-shell nanofibers with tensile strength and elastic modulus of 2.84 ± 0.27 MPa and 62.15 ± 5.32 MPa, respectively, showed the best mechanical performance compared to other nanofibers tested. Furthermore, PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) exhibited the highest L-Arg release (87.62 ± 3.02 %) and viability of L929 cells in vitro compared to other groups. In addition, the highest rate of in vivo full thickness wound healing was observed in PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) group compared to other groups. It significantly enhanced the angiogenesis, neovascularization, and cell proliferation. The prepared PAAm/(AloKr/L-Arg) core-shell nanofibrous dressing could be promising for full-thickness wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafise Kazemi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Mahalati
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Iran.
| | - Yeganeh Kaviani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Meybod, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mastafa H Al-Musawi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Soleymani Eil Bakhtiari
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
| | - Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mansoor Alizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Sharifianjazi
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi 0171, Georgia.
| | - Saeideh Salehi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Najafinezhad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
| | - Marjan Mirhaj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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Yusof NY, Quay DHX, Kamaruddin S, Jonet MA, Md Illias R, Mahadi NM, Firdaus-Raih M, Abu Bakar FD, Abdul Murad AM. Biochemical and in silico structural characterization of a cold-active arginase from the psychrophilic yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica PI12. Extremophiles 2024; 28:15. [PMID: 38300354 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 is a psychrophilic yeast isolated from Antarctica. In this work, we describe the heterologous production, biochemical properties and in silico structure analysis of an arginase from this yeast (GaArg). GaArg is a metalloenzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. The cDNA of GaArg was reversed transcribed, cloned, expressed and purified as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. The purified protein was active against L-arginine as its substrate in a reaction at 20 °C, pH 9. At 10-35 °C and pH 7-9, the catalytic activity of the protein was still present around 50%. Mn2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and K+ were able to enhance the enzyme activity more than two-fold, while GaArg is most sensitive to SDS, EDTA and DTT. The predicted structure model of GaArg showed a very similar overall fold with other known arginases. GaArg possesses predominantly smaller and uncharged amino acids, fewer salt bridges, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions compared to the other counterparts. GaArg is the first reported arginase that is cold-active, facilitated by unique structural characteristics for its adaptation of catalytic functions at low-temperature environments. The structure and function of cold-active GaArg provide insights into the potentiality of new applications in various biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Yusnoraini Yusof
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Doris Huai Xia Quay
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shazilah Kamaruddin
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Anuar Jonet
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, Jalan Bangi Lama, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Md Illias
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Muhammad Mahadi
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus-Raih
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farah Diba Abu Bakar
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Munir Abdul Murad
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Menichini D, Feliciello L, Neri I, Facchinetti F. L-Arginine supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review of maternal and fetal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2217465. [PMID: 37258415 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2217465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM OF THE STUDY L-Arginine (L-Arg)/Nitric Oxide (NO) system is involved in the pathophysiology of relevant Obstetric conditions. This review aims at summarizing the effects of L-Arg supplementation in pregnancy looking at safety and efficacy. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature utilizing PubMed for studies published from inception to September 2022. The search included human and animal studies where L-Arg was supplemented pre-conceptionally or during pregnancy, by either oral or intravenous route. The main perinatal outcomes were focused. RESULTS Among 1028 publications, 51 studies were eligible for inclusion, 25 were performed in women, and the remnant in animals. Compared to controls/placebo, the supplementation with L-Arg reduced the development of pre-eclampsia (four studies), decreased blood pressure, and reduced the need for antihypertensive drugs in women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP, eight studies). In women carrying growth retarded fetuses, L-Arg improved fetoplacental circulation, birth weight and neonatal outcomes (five studies), while in the case of threatened preterm birth, L-Arg reduced uterine contractions (two studies). In several animal species, L-Arg supplementation in pregnancy improved reproductive performance by increasing the litter number and size. Moreover, in pre-eclamptic and metabolic syndrome experimental models, maternal hypertension and fetal growth were improved. CONCLUSION L-Arg displays biological activities in pregnancies complicated by HDP and growth restriction, both in women and animal models. L-Arg administration is safe and could be a candidate as an intervention beneficial to maternal and fetal outcomes, at least in moderate clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Menichini
- Obstetrics Unit, Mother-Infant Department, University Hospital Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Lia Feliciello
- Obstetrics Unit, Mother-Infant Department, University Hospital Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Neri
- Obstetrics Unit, Mother-Infant Department, University Hospital Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Obstetrics Unit, Mother-Infant Department, University Hospital Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Volpe M, Ferrera A, Piccinocchi R, Morisco C. The Emerging Role of Prediabetes and Its Management: Focus on L-Arginine and a Survey in Clinical Practice. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:489-496. [PMID: 38060094 PMCID: PMC10721705 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide impressive growth of metabolic disorders observed in the last decades, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, has generated great interest in the potential benefits of early identification and management of patients at risk. In this view, prediabetes represents a high-risk condition for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, and an ideal target to intercept patients before they develop type 2 diabetes gaining a prominent role even in international guidelines. For prediabetic individuals, lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of diabetes prevention, with evidence of about 50% relative risk reduction. Accumulating data also show potential benefits from pharmacotherapy. In this context, the only available data pertain to metformin as a pharmaceutical drug and vitamin D and L-arginine as nutraceuticals. L-arginine appears to be a very interesting tool in the clinical management of patients with pre-diabetes. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of L-arginine in prediabetes as a potentially useful preventive strategy against the progression to type 2 diabetes, with a particular focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms and the past and ongoing trials. In this article we also report the interesting data about the perception of the prediabetic condition and its therapeutic management in the clinical practice in Italy. An early identification and a prompt management of people with prediabetes appears to be of paramount importance to prevent the progression to diabetes and avoid its cardiovascular consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
| | - Armando Ferrera
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Shi J, Leonardo TR, Han C, Bangash HI, Chen D, Trivedi HM, Chen L. L-Arginine Enhances Oral Keratinocyte Proliferation under High-Glucose Conditions via Upregulation of CYP1A1, SKP2, and SRSF5. Molecules 2023; 28:7020. [PMID: 37894498 PMCID: PMC10609441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose inhibits oral keratinocyte proliferation. Diabetes can lead to delayed oral wound healing and periodontal disease. L-Arginine, one of the most versatile amino acids, plays an important role in wound healing, organ maturation, and development. In this study, L-Arginine was found to enhance oral keratinocyte proliferation under high-glucose conditions. RNA sequencing analysis discovered a significant number of genes differentially upregulated following L-Arginine treatment under high-glucose conditions. Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) was the most significantly upregulated gene at 24 and 48 h after L-Arginine treatment. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis found that cell proliferation- and mitosis-related biological processes, such as mitotic nuclear division, mRNA processing, and positive regulation of cell cycle processes, were significantly upregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis found that S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) and serine- and arginine-rich splicing factor 5 (SRSF5) were the top upregulated genes in cell cycle and spliceosome pathways, respectively. Indirect immunofluorescent cytochemistry confirmed increased protein levels of CYP1A1, SKP2, and SRSF5 after L-Arginine treatment. Knockdown of CYP1A1, SKP2, and SRSF5 abolished the enhanced proliferative effect of L-Arginine on oral keratinocytes under high-glucose conditions. In conclusion, L-Arginine enhances oral keratinocyte proliferation under high-glucose conditions via upregulation of CYP1A1, SKP2, and SRSF5, suggesting that supplemental L-Arginine in oral care products may be beneficial for oral tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China;
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Trevor R. Leonardo
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hiba I. Bangash
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dandan Chen
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.C.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Harsh M. Trivedi
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.C.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Zhang M, Jin H, Liu Y, Wan L, Liu S, Zhang H. L-Arginine self-delivery supramolecular nanodrug for NO gas therapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:517-529. [PMID: 37536496 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
NO gas therapy is a supplementary approach for tumor treatment due to the advantages of minimal invasion, little drug resistance, low side effect and amplified efficacy. l-Arginine (L-Arg), a natural NO source with good biocompatibility, can release NO under the stimulation of H2O2 in tumor microenvironment. However, the conventional l-Arg delivery systems via noncovalent loading usually lead to inevitable premature leakage of nano-cargos during blood circulation. In this work, an efficient l-Arg self-delivery supramolecular nanodrug (SDSND) for tumor treatment is demonstrated by combining Mannich reaction and π-π stacking. l-Arg links to (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with the assistance of formaldehyde through Mannich reaction, and then assembles into nanometer-sized particles via π-π stacking. The guanidine group of l-Arg and the phenolic hydroxyl groups of EGCG are preserved in the SDSNDs, which allows for accomplishing gas therapy by provoking tumor cell apoptosis and combining with EGCG to amplify apoptosis, respectively. In addition, the SDSNDs exhibit high biocompatibility and avoid the premature leakage of l-Arg in blood circulation, providing an alternative l-Arg delivery system for NO gas therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: NO gas therapy has attracted emerging interest in tumor treatment. However, the controlled NO release and the avoidance of premature leakage of NO donors remain challenging. In this work, L-Arginine (L-Arg) self-delivery supramolecular nanodrug for efficient tumor therapy is demonstrated through the Mannich reaction of L-Arg, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and formaldehyde. Stimulated by tumor microenvironment, the guanidine groups of L-Arg allow for accomplishing NO release and thus provoking tumor cell apoptosis. The nanodrug also avoids the premature leakage of L-Arg in blood circulation. Moreover, the preserved phenolic hydroxyl groups of EGCG combine with L-Arg to amplify apoptosis. The nanodrug exhibits high biocompatibility and good therapeutic effect, providing an alternative L-Arg delivery system for NO gas therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Optical Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Lanlan Wan
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China.
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Optical Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Optical Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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Ma C, Liao K, Wang J, Li T, Liu L. L-Arginine, as an essential amino acid, is a potential substitute for treating COPD via regulation of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:152. [PMID: 37596640 PMCID: PMC10436497 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent and common disease in clinical respiratory medicine and its mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to find the new biomarkers of COPD and elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Analysis of metabolites in plasma of COPD patients were performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). The differential metabolites were analyzed and identified by multivariate analysis between COPD patients and healthy people. The role and mechanisms of the differential biomarkers in COPD were verified with COPD rats, arginosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS-l) KO mice and bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). Meanwhile, whether the differential biomarkers can be the potential treatment targets for COPD was also investigated. 85 differentials metabolites were identified between COPD patients and healthy people by metabonomic. RESULTS L-Arginine (LA) was the most obvious differential metabolite among the 85 metabolites. Compare with healthy people, the level of LA was markedly decreased in serum of COPD patients. It was found that LA had protective effects on COPD with in vivo and in vitro experiments. Silencing Ass-1, which regulates LA metabolism, and α-methy-DL-aspartic (NHLA), an Ass-1 inhibitor, canceled the protective effect of LA on COPD. The mechanism of LA in COPD was related to the inhibition of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway. It was also found that exogenous LA significantly improved COPD via regulation of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway. L-Arginine (LA) as a key metabolic marker is identified in COPD patients and has a protective effect on COPD via regulation of ROS/NLRP3/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION LA may be a novel target for the treatment of COPD and also a potential substitute for treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Tranfusion Research, Department of Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Kexi Liao
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Shapingba District, Gaotanyan Road 30, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suzhou University, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Tranfusion Research, Department of Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Shock and Tranfusion Research, Department of Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
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Nie M, Wang J, Zhang K. A novel strategy for L-arginine production in engineered Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:138. [PMID: 37495979 PMCID: PMC10373293 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-arginine is an important amino acid with applications in diverse industrial and pharmaceutical fields. N-acetylglutamate, synthesized from L-glutamate and acetyl-CoA, is a precursor of the L-arginine biosynthetic branch in microorganisms. The enzyme that produces N-acetylglutamate, N-acetylglutamate synthase, is allosterically inhibited by L-arginine. L-glutamate, as a central metabolite, provides carbon backbone for diverse biological compounds besides L-arginine. When glucose is the sole carbon source, the theoretical maximum carbon yield towards L-arginine is 96.7%, but the experimental highest yield was 51%. The gap of L-arginine yield indicates the regulation complexity of carbon flux and energy during the L-arginine biosynthesis. Besides endogenous biosynthesis, N-acetylglutamate, the key precursor of L-arginine, can be obtained by chemical acylation of L-glutamate with a high yield of 98%. To achieve high-yield production of L-arginine, we demonstrated a novel approach by directly feeding precursor N-acetylglutamate to engineered Escherichia coli. RESULTS We reported a new approach for the high yield of L-arginine production in E. coli. Gene argA encoding N-acetylglutamate synthase was deleted to disable endogenous biosynthesis of N-acetylglutamate. The feasibility of external N-acetylglutamate towards L-arginine was verified via growth assay in argA- strain. To improve L-arginine production, astA encoding arginine N-succinyltransferase, speF encoding ornithine decarboxylase, speB encoding agmatinase, and argR encoding an arginine responsive repressor protein were disrupted. Based on overexpression of argDGI, argCBH operons, encoding enzymes of the L-arginine biosynthetic pathway, ~ 4 g/L L-arginine was produced in shake flask fermentation, resulting in a yield of 0.99 mol L-arginine/mol N-acetylglutamate. This strain was further engineered for the co-production of L-arginine and pyruvate by removing genes adhE, ldhA, poxB, pflB, and aceE, encoding enzymes involved in the conversion and degradation of pyruvate. The resulting strain was shown to produce 4 g/L L-arginine and 11.3 g/L pyruvate in shake flask fermentation. CONCLUSIONS Here, we developed a novel approach to avoid the strict regulation of L-arginine on ArgA and overcome the metabolism complexity in the L-arginine biosynthesis pathway. We achieve a high yield of L-arginine production from N-acetylglutamate in E. coli. Co-production pyruvate and L-arginine was used as an example to increase the utilization of input carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Nie
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 Zhejiang China
- Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 Zhejiang China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 Zhejiang China
| | - Kechun Zhang
- Center of Synthetic Biology and Integrated Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030 Zhejiang China
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Porto AA, Gonzaga LA, Benjamim CJR, Valenti VE. Absence of Effects of L-Arginine and L-Citrulline on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081995. [PMID: 37111214 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repercussions on oxidative and inflammatory stress markers under the effects of arginine and citrulline in response to exercise are not fully reached. We completed a systematic review to investigate the effects of L-Citrulline or L-Arginine on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers following exercise. EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS, and Web of Science databases were used to record the trials. This study includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs with subjects over 18 years old. Those under the intervention protocol consumed L-Citrulline or L-Arginine, and the controls ingested placebo. We recognized 1080 studies, but only 7 were included (7 studies in meta-analysis). We observed no difference between pre- vs. post-exercise for oxidative stress (subtotal = -0.21 [CI: -0.56, 0.14], p = 0.24, and heterogeneity = 0%. In the sub-group "L-Arginine" we found a subtotal = -0.29 [-0.71, 0.12], p = 0.16, and heterogeneity = 0%. For the "L-Citrulline" subgroup we observed a subtotal = 0.00 [-0.67, 0.67], p = 1.00, and heterogeneity was not applicable. No differences were observed between groups (p = 0.47), and I² = 0%) or in antioxidant activity (subtotal = -0.28 [-1.65, 1.08], p = 0.68, and heterogeneity = 0%). In the "L-Arginine" sub-group, we found a subtotal = -3.90 [-14.18, 6.38], p = 0.46, and heterogeneity was not applicable. For the "L-Citrulline" subgroup, we reported a subtotal = -0.22 [-1.60, 1.16], p = 0.75, and heterogeneity was not applicable. No differences were observed between groups (p = 0.49), and I² = 0%), inflammatory markers (subtotal = 8.38 [-0.02, 16.78], p = 0.05, and heterogeneity = 93%. Tests for subgroup differences were not applicable, and anti-inflammatory markers (subtotal = -0.38 [-1.15, 0.39], p = 0.34 and heterogeneity = 15%; testing for subgroup differences was not applicable). In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis found that L-Citrulline and L-Arginine did not influence inflammatory biomarkers and oxidative stress after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Porto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, SP, Brazil
- Autonomic Nervous System Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marília 17525-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana A Gonzaga
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, SP, Brazil
- Autonomic Nervous System Center, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Marília 17525-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Cicero Jonas R Benjamim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor E Valenti
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-080, SP, Brazil
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Forzano I, Avvisato R, Varzideh F, Jankauskas SS, Cioppa A, Mone P, Salemme L, Kansakar U, Tesorio T, Trimarco V, Santulli G. L-Arginine in diabetes: clinical and preclinical evidence. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:89. [PMID: 37072850 PMCID: PMC10114382 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Arginine (L-Arg), is a semi-essential amino acid involved in the formation of nitric oxide. The functional relevance of L-Arg in diabetes mellitus has been evaluated both in animal models and in human subjects. In the literature there are several lines of evidence indicating that L-Arg has beneficial effects in diabetes and numerous studies advocate its administration to attenuate glucose intolerance in diabetic patients. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the main studies exploring the effects of L-Arg in diabetes, including preclinical and clinical reports on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Forzano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta Avvisato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo Cioppa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Montevergine Clinic, Mercogliano (AV), Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes Research (FIDAM), Einstein - Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein University College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Quan X, Chen W, Gao S, Zhai N, Wang J, Luo H, Dai F. Effects and underlying mechanisms of L-arginine on spontaneous muscle contraction of rat colon. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03264-7. [PMID: 36947257 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Arginine (Arg), as a basic amino acid, has been reported to be involved in regulation of gut motility. However, the evidence is limited and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Our study was conducted to investigate the effects of L-Arg on spontaneous contraction of the longitudinal muscle strip (LMS) of the rat colon and the relevant mechanisms. An organ bath system was used to detect the contractile force of the LMS. Whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques were applied to observe alterations in the currents of large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels, voltage-dependent potassium (KV) channels, and L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the colon. We found that L-Arg within the physiological concentration had no effect on contraction of LMS, while 1 mM L-Arg significantly increased both the amplitude and frequency of LMS contractility. And the increase in force was mucosa-dependent, whereas changes in frequency as well as in amplitude were inhibited by atropine. In addition, L-Arg (1 mM) activated the LTTCs and inhibited both KCa channels and KV channels on SMCs. Thus, L-Arg above the physiological concentration exerted an excitatory effect on colonic LM contraction, and stimulation by L-Arg was mediated by ACh. In addition, LTCCs, KCa channels, and KV channels on SMCs were involved in the action of L-Arg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuna Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Zhai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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Park HY, Kim SW, Seo J, Jung YP, Kim H, Kim AJ, Kim S, Lim K. Dietary Arginine and Citrulline Supplements for Cardiovascular Health and Athletic Performance: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1268. [PMID: 36904267 PMCID: PMC10005484 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global market for nutritional supplements (NS) is growing rapidly, and the use of L-arginine (Arg), L-citrulline (Cit), and citrulline malate (CitMal) supplements has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health and athletic performance. Over the past decade, Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements have received considerable attention from researchers in the field of exercise nutrition, who have investigated their potential effects on hemodynamic function, endothelial function, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, strength, power, and endurance. Previous studies were reviewed to determine the potential impact of Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements on cardiovascular health and exercise performance. By synthesizing the existing literature, the study aimed to provide insight into the possible uses and limitations of these supplements for these purposes. The results showed that both recreational and trained athletes did not see improved physical performance or increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with 0.075 g or 6 g doses of Arg supplement per body weight. However, 2.4 to 6 g of Cit per day for 7 to 16 days of various NSs had a positive impact, increasing NO synthesis, enhancing athletic performance indicators, and reducing feelings of exertion. The effects of an 8 g acute dose of CitMal supplement were inconsistent, and more research is needed to determine its impact on muscle endurance performance. Based on the positive effects reported in previous studies, further testing is warranted in various populations that may benefit from nutritional supplements, including aerobic and anaerobic athletes, resistance-trained individuals, elderly people, and clinical populations, to determine the impact of different doses, timing of ingestion, and long-term and acute effects of Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements on cardiovascular health and athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanghoon P. Jung
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Jin Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonwoo Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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14
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Khalighi Sikaroudi M, Sedaghat M, Shidfar F, Talebi S, Hosseini-Baharanchi FS, Masoodi M, Farahani SV. L-Arginine is a feasible supplement to heal chronic anal fissure via reducing internal anal sphincter pressure: a randomized clinical trial study. Amino Acids 2023; 55:193-202. [PMID: 36449096 PMCID: PMC9713143 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The hypertonicity of internal anal sphincter resting pressure is one of the main causes of chronic anal fissure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral administration of L-arginine on the improvement of the anal fissures by relaxing the internal anal sphincter. Seventy-six chronic anal fissure patients (aged 18-65 years) who were referred to Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran from February 2019 to October 2020 participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were allocated into treatment (L-arginine) and placebo groups. They took a 1000 mg capsule three times a day for 1 month, and then we followed them at the end of the first and third months after the intervention. Clinical symptoms, anal sphincter resting pressure, and quality of life (QoL) were completed at baseline and the end of the study. The analysis of data showed a significant decrease in bleeding, fissure size, and pain for each group; however, in the L-arginine group was more than the control group at the end of the study (P values < 0.001). Following that, a significant increase in QoL was seen just in patients treated with L-arginine (P value = 0.006). In addition, the comparison of anal pressures at baseline and, between groups at the end of the study showed a significant reduction in sphincter pressure in patients treated with L-arginine (P value < 0.001, = 0.049; respectively). The oral administration of 3000 mg L-arginine can heal chronic anal fissures by reducing internal anal sphincter pressure with more negligible side effects. However, we recommend long-term study with more extended follow-up.Clinical trial registry: IRCT20190712044182N1 at Iranian clinical trials, date: 2019-08-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Khalighi Sikaroudi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1445613131 Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghdad Sedaghat
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1445613131 Tehran, Iran ,School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Masoodi
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1445613131, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Ortiz-Cerda T, Mosso C, Alcudia A, Vázquez-Román V, González-Ortiz M. Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia and L-Arginine/L-Citrulline Supplementation as a Potential Strategy to Improve Birth Outcomes. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1428:127-148. [PMID: 37466772 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In preeclampsia, the shallow invasion of cytotrophoblast cells to uterine spiral arteries, leading to a reduction in placental blood flow, is associated with an imbalance of proangiogenic/antiangiogenic factors to impaired nitric oxide (NO) production. Proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF), require NO to induce angiogenesis through antioxidant regulation mechanisms. At the same time, there are increases in antiangiogenic factors in preeclampsia, such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase type 1 receptor (sFIt1) and toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), which are mechanism derivates in the reduction of NO bioavailability and oxidative stress in placenta.Different strategies have been proposed to prevent or alleviate the detrimental effects of preeclampsia. However, the only intervention to avoid the severe consequences of the disease is the interruption of pregnancy. In this scenario, different approaches have been analysed to treat preeclamptic pregnant women safely. The supplementation with amino acids is one of them, especially those associated with NO synthesis. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia to highlight L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation as potential strategies to improve birth outcomes. Clinical and experimental data concerning L-arginine and L-citrulline supplementation have shown benefits in improving NO availability in the placenta and uterine-placental circulation, prolonging pregnancy in patients with gestational hypertension and decreasing maternal blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Ortiz-Cerda
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Constanza Mosso
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ana Alcudia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Victoria Vázquez-Román
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcelo González-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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16
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Cao C, Xu Y, Liu M, Kong B, Zhang F, Zhang H, Liu Q, Zhao J. Additive Effects of L-Arginine with Potassium Carbonate on the Quality Profile Promotion of Phosphate-Free Frankfurters. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223581. [PMID: 36429173 PMCID: PMC9688976 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the additive effects of L-Arginine (L-Arg) with potassium carbonate (PC) on the quality characteristics of phosphate-free frankfurters. The results showed that L-Arg combined with PC could act as a viable phosphate replacer by decreasing cooking loss and improving the textural properties of phosphate-free frankfurters (p < 0.05), mainly because of its pH-raising ability. Moreover, L-Arg could assist PC in effectively retarding lipid oxidation in phosphate-free frankfurters during storage (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.1% L-Arg combined with 0.15% PC was found to exhibit the best optimal phosphate-replacing effect. This combination could also overcome quality defects and promote the sensory attributes of phosphate-free frankfurters to the maximum extent. Therefore, our results suggest that L-Arg combined with PC can be considered a feasible alternative for the processing of phosphate-free frankfurters with an improved quality profile and superior health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanai Cao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yining Xu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Meiyue Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science & Research Institute, Harbin 150028, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-5519-0675 (Q.L.)
| | - Jinhai Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Science, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-5519-0675 (Q.L.)
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McDougall ARA, Hastie R, Goldstein M, Tuttle A, Tong S, Ammerdorffer A, Gülmezoglu AM, Vogel JP. Systematic evaluation of the pre-eclampsia drugs, dietary supplements and biologicals pipeline using target product profiles. BMC Med 2022; 20:393. [PMID: 36329468 PMCID: PMC9635102 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Accelerating Innovation for Mothers (AIM) project established a database of candidate medicines in research and development (R&D) between 2000 and 2021 for five pregnancy-related conditions, including pre-eclampsia. In parallel, we published target product profiles (TPPs) that describe optimal characteristics of medicines for use in preventing/treating pre-eclampsia. The study objective was to use systematic double screening and extraction to identify all candidate medicines being investigated for pre-eclampsia prevention/treatment and rank their potential based on the TPPs. METHODS Adis Insight, Pharmaprojects, WHO international clinical trials registry platform (ICTRP), PubMed and grant databases were searched (Jan-May 2021). The AIM database was screened for all candidates being investigated for pre-eclampsia. Candidates in clinical development were evaluated against nine prespecified criteria from TPPs identified as key for wide-scale implementation, and classified as high, medium or low potential based on matching to the TPPs. Preclinical candidates were categorised by product type, archetype and medicine subclass. RESULTS The AIM database identified 153 candidates for pre-eclampsia. Of the 87 candidates in clinical development, seven were classified as high potential (prevention: esomeprazole, L-arginine, chloroquine, vitamin D and metformin; treatment: sulfasalazine and metformin) and eight as medium potential (prevention: probiotic lactobacilli, dalteparin, selenium and omega-3 fatty acid; treatment: sulforaphane, pravastatin, rosuvastatin and vitamin B3). Sixty-six candidates were in preclinical development, the most common being amino acid/peptides, siRNA-based medicines and polyphenols. CONCLUSIONS This is a novel, evidence-informed approach to identifying promising candidates for pre-eclampsia prevention and treatment - a vital step in stimulating R&D of new medicines for pre-eclampsia suitable for real-world implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R A McDougall
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Roxanne Hastie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | | | | | - Stephen Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | | | | | - Joshua P Vogel
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Izzo R, Trimarco V, Mone P, Aloè T, Capra Marzani M, Diana A, Fazio G, Mallardo M, Maniscalco M, Marazzi G, Messina N, Mininni S, Mussi C, Pelaia G, Pennisi A, Santus P, Scarpelli F, Tursi F, Zanforlin A, Santulli G, Trimarco B. Combining L-Arginine with vitamin C improves long-COVID symptoms: The LINCOLN Survey. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106360. [PMID: 35868478 PMCID: PMC9295384 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction play critical roles in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and Long-COVID. We hypothesized that a supplementation combining L-Arginine (to improve endothelial function) and Vitamin C (to reduce oxidation) could have favorable effects on Long-COVID symptoms. METHODS We designed a survey (LINCOLN: L-Arginine and Vitamin C improves Long-COVID), assessing several symptoms that have been associated with Long-COVID to be administered nationwide to COVID-19 survivors; the survey also included effort perception, measured using the Borg scale. Patients receiving the survey were divided in two groups, with a 2:1 ratio: the first group included patients that received L-Arginine + Vitamin C, whereas the second group received a multivitamin combination (alternative treatment). RESULTS 1390 patients successfully completed the survey. Following a 30-day treatment in both groups, the survey revealed that patients in the L-Arginine + Vitamin C treatment arm had significantly lower scores compared to patients who had received the multivitamin combination. There were no other significant differences between the two groups. When examining effort perception, we observed a significantly lower value (p < 0.0001) in patients receiving L-Arginine + Vitamin C compared to the alternative-treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS Our survey indicates that the supplementation with L-Arginine + Vitamin C has beneficial effects in Long-COVID, in terms of attenuating its typical symptoms and improving effort perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simone Mininni
- Associazione Scientifica Interdisciplinare Aggiornamento Medico (ASIAM), Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Mussi
- Department of Biomedical and Metabolic Sciences and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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El-Sherbiny HR, Samir H, El-Shalofy AS, Abdelnaby EA. Exogenous L-arginine administration improves uterine vascular perfusion, uteroplacental thickness, steroid concentrations, and nitric oxide levels in pregnant buffaloes under subtropical conditions. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1493-1504. [PMID: 35946135 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) during pregnancy adversely affects uterine vascular perfusion and fetal development. L-arginine (L-Arg), a nitric oxide (NO) precursor, has been proven to enhance an organ's vascular perfusion. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of L-Arg administration on the pregnant buffaloes' uterine hemodynamics and uteroplacental thickness under environmental HS conditions. For this purpose, pluriparous (n=12) HS-pregnant buffaloes (mid-gestation, 180-190 d; temperature humidity index > 85) were haphazardly assigned into two groups, either administered a single intravenous (IV) bolus of 5 mg/kg BW of L-Arg Hcl (n=6; ARG) or received normal saline (0.9%; IV; 25 ml) that served as a control group (n=6; CON). Combined uteroplacental thickness (CUPT, mm), middle uterine arteries' (MUA) diameter (mm), and uterine Doppler hemodynamics (ipsi-lateral and contralateral to the pregnant horn) were examined utilizing B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography, respectively. The serum levels of progesterone (P4), estradiol 17 β (E2), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed using commercial kits. The experimental time points were -1, 0, 2, 4, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h post-L-Arg administration. The ARG group showed higher (P < 0.05) CUPT and MUA diameter values starting at 24 h post-treatment and onward than the control buffalo cows. In addition, there were improvements (P<0.05) in the blood flow parameters in the ipsilateral MUA after L-Arg treatment evidenced by lower values of pulsatility and resistive indices starting at 48 and 4 h, respectively and onward, and higher values of peak systolic velocity, colored areas toward the pregnant uterine horn (both 24-72 h). Increases in the NO levels were found during the period between 4 and 120 h in the ARG group compared to the CON group. Moreover, significant increases in the E2 and P4 means were noted in the ARG group, especially at 24 h onward, respectively compared to the CON group. Concerning the TAC status, neither the administration nor the hours affected serum TAC levels in the HS pregnant buffaloes (CON and ARG). In conclusion, L-Arg administration improved uteroplacental thickness and enhanced uterine hemodynamics, NO levels, and steroids production in mid-pregnant buffalo cows under environmental heat stress conditions which could improve fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Haney Samir
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr S El-Shalofy
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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20
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Vaziriamjad S, Solgi M, Kamarehei F, Nouri F, Taheri M. Evaluation of L-arginine supplement on the growth rate, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility in Streptococcus mutans. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:108. [PMID: 35780174 PMCID: PMC9250241 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacteria associated with dental caries have a high ability to produce organic acids from dietary carbohydrates during growth and metabolism under acidic conditions. In contrast, many symbiotic bacteria produce ammonia through the arginine deiminase (ADS) system, which modulates the pH of the oral cavity. l-Arginine metabolism by ADS is a significant inhibitor in the progression of tooth decay. This study aimed to investigate the effect of l-arginine on growth, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility in Streptococcus mutans. Methods In this study, the effect of l-arginine in different concentrations on the growth rate, antibiotic susceptibility, and inhibition of biofilm formation in S. mutans was investigated. Results The bacterial exponential growth rate was enhanced by 100 μM l-arginine (P > 0.05). The growth inhibition zone diameter of CAZ, CTR, AMP, and AMC-Clav antibiotics was reduced after 24 h of exposure in the presence of various concentrations of l-arginine specifically at 100 μM. l-Arginine also enhanced biofilm development at 5 and 10 μM concentrations, but reduced it at 50 and 100 μM concentrations. Conclusion According to the results of the present study, optimization of l-arginine concentration and its use as an adjunctive therapy or in combination with mouthwash or varnish is recommended to prevent oral caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Vaziriamjad
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mobina Solgi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farideh Kamarehei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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21
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Bladowski M, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Wiśniewski J, Fortuna P, Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Budrewicz S, Fleszar M, Doroszko A. Changes in the Plasma and Platelet Nitric Oxide Biotransformation Metabolites during Ischemic Stroke-A Dynamic Human LC/MS Metabolomic Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050955. [PMID: 35624819 PMCID: PMC9137966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvement in the management of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, ischemic stroke remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult population. The aim of this study was to analyze the time-dependent dynamic differences in expression of the nitric oxide (NO) metabolic pathway in the platelet and plasma compartment between subjects with and without ischemic stroke. Additionally, the interplay between these parameters and platelet aggregation was investigated. A total of 418 patients in acute phase of non-cardioembolic stroke were investigated. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 40 subjects with stroke and 39 demographically matched healthy participants were enrolled. Neurological physical examination, followed by assessment of the platelet and plasma levels of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, including asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), as well as NOS substrate-L-Arginine were performed dynamically three times within the first 24-h, then on the 3rd and 7th day after the stroke onset, which was compared with the healthy control. The platelet L-Arginine concentration was significantly higher on the 1st and 3rd day of stroke, while the plasma levels were significantly lower on exact days in comparison to the control. The competitive NOS-inhibitors in platelets were stably elevated in stroke subjects, whereas no significant differences in plasma compartment were noted. The arachidonic-acid-induced platelet aggregation was negatively associated with the platelet NOS substrate bioavailability, as assessed by the L−Arginine ADMA-ratio on the 3rd and 7th day. Subjects with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke are characterized by elevated platelet levels of NOS inhibitors. Management of stroke results in increasing the platelet L-Arginine concentration and subsequent NO bioavailability in the platelet compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bladowski
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10 Str., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (P.F.); (M.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Fortuna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10 Str., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (P.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Justyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz
- Department and Clinic of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.C.-Ł.); (S.B.)
| | - Slawomir Budrewicz
- Department and Clinic of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.C.-Ł.); (S.B.)
| | - Mariusz Fleszar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 10 Str., 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (P.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213 Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (E.S.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-736-4000
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22
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Mone P, Pansini A, Jankauskas SS, Varzideh F, Kansakar U, Lombardi A, Trimarco V, Frullone S, Santulli G. L-Arginine Improves Cognitive Impairment in Hypertensive Frail Older Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:868521. [PMID: 35498050 PMCID: PMC9039514 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.868521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a prevailing event in hypertensive patients and in frail older adults. Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to underlie both hypertension and cognitive dysfunction. Our hypothesis is that L-Arginine, which is known to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, could counteract cognitive impairment in a high-risk population of hypertensive frail older adults. We designed a clinical trial to verify the effects of 4-weeks oral supplementation of L-Arginine on global cognitive function of hypertensive frail older patients. The study was successfully completed by 35 frail hypertensive elderly patients assigned to L-Arginine and 37 assigned to placebo. At follow-up, we found a significant difference in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test score between the L-Arginine treated group and placebo (p: 0.0178). Moreover, we demonstrated that L-Arginine significantly attenuates Angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate for the first time that oral L-Arginine supplementation significantly improves cognitive impairment in frail hypertensive older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy.,Campania University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Banjarnahor S, König J, Maas R. Screening of commonly prescribed drugs for effects on the CAT1-mediated transport of L-arginine and arginine derivatives. Amino Acids 2022. [PMID: 35377022 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1/SLC7A1) plays a key role in the cellular uptake or export of l-arginine and some of its derivatives. This study investigated the effect of 113 chemically diverse and commonly used drugs (at 20 and 200 µM) on the CAT1-mediated cellular uptake of l-arginine, l-homoarginine, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Twenty-three (20%) of the tested substances showed weak inhibitory or stimulatory effects, but only verapamil showed consistent inhibitory effects on CAT1-mediated transport of all tested substrates.
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Kamkin AG, Kamkina OV, Shim AL, Bilichenko A, Mitrokhin VM, Kazansky VE, Filatova TS, Abramochkin D, Mladenov MI. The role of activation of two different sGC binding sites by NO-dependent and NO-independent mechanisms in the regulation of SACs in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15246. [PMID: 35384354 PMCID: PMC8981922 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanoelectrical feedback (MEF) mechanism in the heart that plays a significant role in the occurrence of arrhythmias, involves cation flux through cation nonselective stretch-activated channels (SACs). It is well known that nitric oxide (NO) can act as a regulator of MEF. Here we addressed the possibility of SAC's regulation along NO-dependent and NO-independent pathways, as well as the possibility of S-nitrosylation of SACs. In freshly isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, using the patch-clamp method in whole-cell configuration, inward nonselective stretch-activated cation current ISAC was recorded through SACs, which occurs during dosed cell stretching. NO donor SNAP, α1-subunit of sGC activator BAY41-2272, sGC blocker ODQ, PKG blocker KT5823, PKG activator 8Br-cGMP, and S-nitrosylation blocker ascorbic acid, were employed. We concluded that the physiological concentration of NO in the cell is a necessary condition for the functioning of SACs. An increase in NO due to SNAP in an unstretched cell causes the appearance of a Gd3+ -sensitive nonselective cation current, an analog of ISAC , while in a stretched cell it eliminates ISAC . The NO-independent pathway of sGC activation of α subunit, triggered by BAY41-2272, is also important for the regulation of SACs. Since S-nitrosylation inhibitor completely abolishes ISAC , this mechanism occurs. The application of BAY41-2272 cannot induce ISAC in a nonstretched cell; however, the addition of SNAP on its background activates SACs, rather due to S-nitrosylation. ODQ eliminates ISAC , but SNAP added on the background of stretch increases ISAC in addition to ODQ. This may be a result of the lack of NO as a result of inhibition of NOS by metabolically modified ODQ. KT5823 reduces PKG activity and reduces SACs phosphorylation, leading to an increase in ISAC . 8Br-cGMP reduces ISAC by activating PKG and its phosphorylation. These results demonstrate a significant contribution of S-nitrosylation to the regulation of SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G. Kamkin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Olga V. Kamkina
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Andrey L. Shim
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Andrey Bilichenko
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Vadim M. Mitrokhin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Viktor E. Kazansky
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tatiana S. Filatova
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Department of Human and Animal PhysiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Denis V. Abramochkin
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Department of Human and Animal PhysiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Mitko I. Mladenov
- Department of PhysiologyPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityMoscowRussia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsInstitute of Biology, “Ss. Cyril and Methodius” UniversitySkopjeMacedonia
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Gallo L, Pecoraro S, Sarnacchiaro P. Adjuvant daily therapy with L-arginine 2,500 mg and tadalafil 5 mg increases efficacy and duration of benefits of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy for erectile dysfunction: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded study with 1-year follow-up. Investig Clin Urol 2022; 63:83-91. [PMID: 34983126 PMCID: PMC8756145 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate a therapeutic protocol for erectile dysfunction (ED) based on the combination of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT), tadalafil, and L-arginine. Materials and Methods Recruited patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain (IIEF-EF) and the Erection Hardness Score (EHS) questionnaires at baseline and were randomly assigned in two groups: A (treatment group) and B (control group). Men in both groups received six weekly applications of Li-ESWT. Group A was prescribed adjuvant oral therapy with tadalafil 5 mg and L-arginine 2,500 mg. Follow-up visits were scheduled 1, 6, and 12 months after the last Li-ESWT application. At each follow-up visit, the IIEF-EF and EHS questionnaires were administered again. The main outcome measures were the changes from baseline to every follow-up visit in IIEF-EF and EHS scores. Results The mean IIEF-EF score in group A was 16.0±4.0, 24.8±3.4, 23.3±4.6, and 21.6±5.5 at baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months of follow-up, respectively, whereas in group B the mean IIEF-EF score was 16.5±4.1, 22.7±4.2, 21.5±4.5, and 19.5±4.9, respectively. We reported an increase in the mean EHS score in group A from 2.07±0.72 at baseline to 3.39±0.59, 3.17±0.67, and 2.98±0.72 at 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively, and in group B from 2.12±0.80 at baseline to 3.07±0.78 and 2.95±0.76 at 1 and 6 months, respectively. Conclusions Adjuvant daily therapy with L-arginine 2,500 mg and tadalafil 5 mg was safe and effective in increasing the efficacy and the duration of benefits of Li-ESWT.
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Goloshchapov D, Kashkarov V, Nikitkov K, Seredin P. Investigation of the Effect of Nanocrystalline Calcium Carbonate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite and L-Lysine and L-Arginine Surface Interactions on the Molecular Properties of Dental Biomimetic Composites. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:70. [PMID: 34940013 PMCID: PMC8698581 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in the surface interactions of non-stoichiometric nanocrystalline B-type carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (n-cHAp) with the amino acids L-Lysine hydrochloride (L-LysHCl) and L-Arginine hydrochloride (L-ArgHCl) in acidic and alkaline media were determined using structural and spectroscopic analysis methods. The obtained data confirm that hydroxyapatite synthesized using our technique, which was used to develop the n-cHAp/L-LysHCl and n-cHAp/L-ArgHCl composites, is nanocrystalline. Studies of molecular composition of the samples by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy under the change in the charge state of L-Lysine in environments with different alkalinity are consistent with the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, as evidenced by the redistribution of the modes' intensities in the spectra that is correlated with the side chains, i.e., amide and carboxyl groups, of the amino acid. During the formation of a biomimetic composite containing L-Lysine hydrochloride and n-cHAp, the interaction occurred through bonding of the L-Lysine side chain and the hydroxyl groups of hydroxyapatite, which created an anionic form of L-Lysine at pH ≤ 5. In contrast, in biocomposites based on L-Arginine and n-cHAp, the interaction only slightly depends on pH value, and it proceeds by molecular orientation mechanisms. The X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy results confirm that changes in the molecular composition of n-cHAp/L-ArgHCl biomimetic composites are caused by the electrostatic interaction between the L-ArgHCl molecule and the carbonate-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite. In this case, the bond formation was detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; the vibrational modes attributed to the main carbon chain and the guanidine group of L-Arginine are shifted during the interaction. The discovered interaction mechanisms between nanocrystalline carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite that has physicochemical properties characteristic of the apatite in human dental enamel and specific amino acids are important for selecting the formation conditions of biomimetic composites and their integration with the natural dental tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Goloshchapov
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, University Sq. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (D.G.); (V.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Vladimir Kashkarov
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, University Sq. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (D.G.); (V.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Kirill Nikitkov
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, University Sq. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (D.G.); (V.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Pavel Seredin
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, University Sq. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (D.G.); (V.K.); (K.N.)
- Scientific and Educational Center “Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies”, Ural Federal, Mir Av., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Zheng X, Zhou L, Jin Y, Zhao X, Ahmad H, OuYang Y, Chen S, Du J, Chen X, Chen L, Gao D, Yang Z, Tian Z. β-Aminoisobutyric acid supplementation attenuated salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats through prevention of insufficient fumarase. Amino Acids 2021; 54:169-180. [PMID: 34837556 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The human Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-Sodium Trial has shown that β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) may prevent the development of salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHT). However, the specific antihypertensive mechanism remains unclear in the renal tissues of salt-sensitive (SS) rats. In this study, BAIBA (100 mg/kg/day) significantly attenuated SSHT via increased nitric oxide (NO) content in the renal medulla, and it induced a significant increase in NO synthesis substrates (L-arginine and malic acid) in the renal medulla. BAIBA enhanced the activity levels of total NO synthase (NOS), inducible NOS, and constitutive NOS. BAIBA resulted in increased fumarase activity and decreased fumaric acid content in the renal medulla. The high-salt diet (HSD) decreased fumarase expression in the renal cortex, and BAIBA increased fumarase expression in the renal medulla and renal cortex. Furthermore, in the renal medulla, BAIBA increased the levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, and ADP/ATP ratio, thus further activating AMPK phosphorylation. BAIBA prevented the decrease in renal medullary antioxidative defenses induced by the HSD. In conclusion, BAIBA's antihypertensive effect was underlined by the phosphorylation of AMPK, the prevention of fumarase's activity reduction caused by the HSD, and the enhancement of NO content, which in concert attenuated SSHT in SS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Luxin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuexin Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hussain Ahmad
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanan OuYang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Sa Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie Du
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiangbo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Di Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhongmin Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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Costa G, Shushanof M, Bouskela E, Bottino D. Oral L-Arginine (5 g/day) for 14 Days Improves Microcirculatory Function in Healthy Young Women and Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Elderly Women. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:24-33. [PMID: 34784595 DOI: 10.1159/000519428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral supplementation with L-arginine on serum biochemical profile, blood pressure, microcirculation, and vasoreactivity/endothelial function in young controls, and elderly women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Healthy young (n = 25), healthy elderly (n = 25), and elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DME, n = 23, glycated Hb ≥6.4% and mean of 7.7 years for duration of the disease), aged 18-30 and older than 65 years, respectively, were included in the study. All patients underwent biochemical analysis (fasting glycemia and lipidogram), arterial blood pressure, nailfold videocapillaroscopy (capillary diameters, functional capillary density [FCD], peak red blood cell velocity [RBCVmax] after 1 min ischemia, time to reach peak RBCV [TRBCVmax]), and venous occlusion plethysmography (vasoreactivity), before and after 14 days of oral supplementation with L-arginine (5 g/day). RESULTS L-Arginine did not change fasting glycemia and lipidogram, but it decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in elderly women, increased RBCVmax in all groups, and did not decrease TRBCVmax in T2DME. Capillary diameters and FCD remained unchanged in all groups. L-Arginine improved vasoreactivity during reactive hyperemia and after sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) in all groups. CONCLUSION L-Arginine supplementation (5g/day during 14 days) was able to improve vascular/microvascular health in the elderly women with or without T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerusa Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (PGCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milenna Shushanof
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bottino
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (PGCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Flores-Ramírez AG, Tovar-Villegas VI, Maharaj A, Garay-Sevilla ME, Figueroa A. Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation and Aerobic Training on Vascular Function in Individuals with Obesity across the Lifespan. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092991. [PMID: 34578869 PMCID: PMC8466140 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with obesity are at higher risk for developing cardiometabolic diseases that once were considered health conditions of adults. Obesity is commonly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertension that contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, precedes vascular abnormalities including atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Thus, early detection and treatment of cardiometabolic risk factors are necessary to prevent deleterious vascular consequences of obesity at an early age. Non-pharmacological interventions including L-Citrulline (L-Cit) supplementation and aerobic training stimulate endothelial NO mediated vasodilation, leading to improvements in organ perfusion, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and metabolic health (glucose control and lipid profile). Few studies suggest that the combination of L-Cit supplementation and exercise training can be an effective strategy to counteract the adverse effects of obesity on vascular function in older adults. Therefore, this review examined the efficacy of L-Cit supplementation and aerobic training interventions on vascular and metabolic parameters in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaisa Genoveva Flores-Ramírez
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
| | - Verónica Ivette Tovar-Villegas
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
| | - Arun Maharaj
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Science, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León 37320, Mexico; (A.G.F.-R.); (V.I.T.-V.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.G.-S.); (A.F.)
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.E.G.-S.); (A.F.)
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Sacchi A, Grassi G, Notari S, Gili S, Bordoni V, Tartaglia E, Casetti R, Cimini E, Mariotti D, Garotto G, Beccacece A, Marchioni L, Bibas M, Nicastri E, Ippolito G, Agrati C. Expansion of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells Contributes to Platelet Activation by L-Arginine Deprivation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2021; 10:2111. [PMID: 34440879 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive platelet activation and thrombotic events characterize severe COVID-19, highlighting their critical role in SARS-CoV-2-induced immunopathology. Since there is a well-described expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in severe COVID-19, we evaluated their possible role in platelet activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection. During COVID-19, a lower plasmatic L-arginine level was observed compared to healthy donors, which correlated with MDSC frequency. Additionally, activated GPIIb/IIIa complex (PAC-1) expression was higher on platelets from severe COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls and inversely correlated with L-arginine plasmatic concentration. Notably, MDSC were able to induce PAC-1 expression in vitro by reducing L-arginine concentration, indicating a direct role of PMN-MDSC in platelet activation. Accordingly, we found a positive correlation between ex vivo platelet PAC-1 expression and PMN-MDSC frequency. Overall, our data demonstrate the involvement of PMN-MDSC in triggering platelet activation during COVID-19, highlighting a novel role of MDSC in driving COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Li S, Wang C, Wu Z. Dietary L-arginine supplementation of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) alters the microbial population and activates intestinal fatty acid oxidation. Amino Acids 2021; 54:339-351. [PMID: 34212252 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the function of L-arginine in the homeostasis of intestinal lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary L-arginine supplementation may alter intestinal microbiota and lipid metabolism in tilapia. Tilapia were fed a basal diet (containing 16.9 g L-arginine per kilogram diets) or the basal diet supplemented with 1% or 2% L-arginine for 8 wks. In the present study, we found that dietary supplementation with 1% or 2% L-arginine induced a shift in the community structure of gut microbiota, as showed by increased (p < 0.05) α-diversity, altered (p < 0.05) β-diversity and function profile. This finding coincided with decreased lipid accretion in the intestine of tilapia, which was associated with an enhancement in mRNA levels for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Pparα), acyl-coenzyme a oxidase 1 (Acox1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α). Using intestinal epithelial cell culture, we demonstrated that the lipid-lowering effect of L-arginine was mainly mediated by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and PPARα, as well as mRNA levels for Acox1 and Acox2. Collectively, our results suggest that dietary L-arginine supplementation of tilapia changed the intestinal microbiota and activated intestinal fatty acid oxidation. However, future studies are warranted to determine the relationship between microbiota and lipid metabolism in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Abdelmageed ME, Nader MA, Zaghloul MS. Targeting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway by protocatechuic acid protects against l-arginine induced acute pancreatitis and multiple organs injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174279. [PMID: 34197778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common pancreatic inflammation associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. AP may be mild or severe which can spread systemically causing multiple organs failure (MOF) and even death. In the current study, protocatechuic acid (PCA), a natural phenolic acid, was investigated for its possible protective potential against L-arginine induced AP and multiple organs injury (MOI) in rats. AP was induced by L-arginine (500 mg/100 g, ip). Two dose levels of PCA were tested (50 and 100 mg/kg, oral, 10 days before L-arginine injection). PCA successfully protected against L-arginine induced AP and MOI that was manifested by normalizing pancreatic, hepatic, pulmonary, and renal tissue architecture and restoring the normal values of pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase), serum total protein, liver enzymes (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and kidney function biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr)) that were significantly elevated upon L-arginine administration. Additionally, PCA restored balanced oxidant/antioxidants status that was disrupted by L-arginine and normalized pancreatic levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) content. Moreover, PCA significantly decreased L-arginine induced elevation in pancreatic high motility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. PCA significantly ameliorated L-arginine-induced AP and MOI through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB was the major pathway involved in the observed protective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Zaghloul
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Zhang YF, Yang JY, Meng XP, Nie N, Tang MC, Yang XL. L-Arginine protects mouse Leydig cells against T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:1031-1038. [PMID: 33215568 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720964312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To explore the protective mechanism of L-arginine against T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in mouse Leydig cells, we investigated whether L-arginine can prevent T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in mouse Leydig cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Leydig cells were isolated and cultured with control, T-2 toxin (10 nM), L-arginine (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mM), and T-2 toxin (10 nM T-2 toxin) + L-arginine (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mM) for 24 h. Cells and supernatants were harvested to examine proliferation of the cells, the apoptosis rate, activity of caspase-3 and mitochondria, and the gene expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, PARP, and caspase-3. Results showed that proliferation and mitochondrial activity of Leydig cells were inhibited by administration of T-2 toxin. Bcl-2 gene expression levels was decreased, while the gene expression levels of Bax and PARP were increased, which could trigger mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, activate downstream caspase-3, and then increased caspase-3 at both activity and gene expression levels. The expression of the Bcl-2 gene was upregulated and the expression of Bax, caspase-3, and PARP gene were downregulated when L-arginine was added to the cultured cells. The results of this study showed that L-arginine could block T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in mouse Leydig cells by regulating specific intracellular death-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fa Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, 74623Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jian Ying Yang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, 74623Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiang Ping Meng
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, 74623Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Na Nie
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, 74623Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mei Cui Tang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, 74623Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Li Yang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, 74623Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Feng H, Kishimura A, Mori T, Katayama Y. Evaluation of a Synergistic Effect of L-Arginine on the Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin by Using a Co-culture System. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:1279-1283. [PMID: 32624523 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the early stage of tumor development, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) works to suppress tumor growth by secreting soluble factors including nitric oxide (NO). L-Arginine (Arg) is a substrate of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expressed in TAM. Here we examined whether NO produced from Arg by macrophages works to enhance the effect of the anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox) by using a co-culture system of cancer cells with macrophages. By employing colorimetric analyses methods (Griess Reagent and Cell Counting kit-8), we found that NO produced from Arg by co-cultured macrophages could enhance the cytotoxic effect of Dox to cancer cells. Moreover, we found that augmentation is affected by the order of the addition of Arg and Dox. A prior addition of Arg to Dox and simultaneous addition showed the same enhancement effect, but a prior addition of Dox to Arg abolished the augmentation. This suggests that the co-administration of Arg with Dox would be an effective treatment to improve chemo-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Graduate School of System Life Science, Kyushu University.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University.,Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University
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Sztormowska-Achranowicz K, Jankowski Z, Kocić I. Protective effect of nicotinamide and L-arginine against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats: gender dependence. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1334-1346. [PMID: 32632916 PMCID: PMC7550290 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of nicotinamide (ND) and l-arginine (l-ARG) on pulmonary vascular and heart changes induced by pulmonary hypertension in rats in a gender-dependent way. Methods Experiments were performed on male (M) and female (F) rats. PAH was induced via monocrotaline injection (sc, 60/kg B.W.) on day one of the 23-day observational period. After that, the animals were sacrificed, hearts removed and weighed and the papillary muscles isolated to measure force of contraction (Fc). Morphological changes of pulmonary vessels were also examined. Results Mixed diet supplementation with l-ARG + ND prevented highly significant right ventricle enlargement induced by PAH in both, male and female rats. Weight ratios between the right ventricle (RV) on one side and the left ventricle with septum on the other (LV + S) decreased from 0.46 ± 0.016 g to 0.29 ± 0.006 g in males and from 0.63 ± 0.03 g to 0.24 ± 0.008 g in females, n = 6, p < 0.001. Additionally, PAH increased basal contractility in female groups, and each of the diet allocations (l-ARG, ND, and mixed) were found to restore contractility to control values. All diet protocols in male and female restored decreased responsiveness of the myocardium to norepinephrine in hearts obtained from rats with PAH and prevented vascular changes observed in pulmonary hypertension (thickness of blood vessels and cell infiltration). Conclusion Our study suggests that l-arginine, nicotinamide or both play a positive role in right ventricle function or the process reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling especially in a gender-independent way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zbigniew Jankowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ivan Kocić
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Lee J, Ha SJ, Park J, Kim YH, Lee NH, Kim YE, Hong YS, Song KM. Arctium lappa root extract containing L-arginine prevents TNF-α-induced early atherosclerosis in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Res 2020; 77:85-96. [PMID: 32388084 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the aorta and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Arctium lappa root is a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and Arctium lappa root extract (ALE) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory capacity and to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we hypothesized that ALE would inhibit the early atherosclerotic stage. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of ALE on early arteriosclerosis and its mechanisms of action. ALE suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium by suppressing NF-κB signaling in HUVECs. In an acute mouse model of atherosclerosis, ALE suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte infiltration of the vascular endothelium and the expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the mouse aorta. Moreover, inulin-type fructan and amino acids, especially L-aspartate and L-arginine (60.27 and 42.17 mg/g, respectively) were detected by NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, and HPLC analysis as the main components of ALE. Notably, L-arginine suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to HUVECs. Therefore, these results suggest that ALE may be a functional food for the suppression or prevention of early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Lee
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Jeong Ha
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Park
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Hyouck Lee
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Eon Kim
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Shick Hong
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Division of Strategic Food Technology Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Rattazzi M, Donato M, Bertacco E, Millioni R, Franchin C, Mortarino C, Faggin E, Nardin C, Scarpa R, Cinetto F, Agostini C, Ferri N, Pauletto P, Arrigoni G. l-Arginine prevents inflammatory and pro-calcific differentiation of interstitial aortic valve cells. Atherosclerosis 2020; 298:27-35. [PMID: 32169720 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis. Herein, we investigated the effects of l-Arginine, the main precursor of NO, on the osteogenic differentiation of aortic interstitial valve cells (VICs). METHODS We isolated a clonal population of bovine VICs that expresses osteogenic markers and induces calcification of collagen matrix after stimulation with endotoxin (LPS 500 ng/mL). VICs were treated in vitro with different combinations of LPS ± l-Arginine (50 or 100 mM) and cell extracts were collected to perform proteomic (iTRAQ) and gene expression (RT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS l-Arginine prevents the over-expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, p < 0.001) and reduces matrix calcification (p < 0.05) in VICs treated with LPS. l-Arginine also reduces the over-expression of inflammatory molecules induced by LPS (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta, p < 0.001). The proteomic analysis allowed to identify 49 proteins with an altered expression profile after stimulation with LPS and significantly modified by l-Arginine. These include proteins involved in the redox homeostasis of the cells (i.e. Xanthine Oxidase, Catalase, Aldehyde Oxidase), remodeling of the extracellular matrix (i.e. ADAMTSL4, Basigin, COL3A1) and cellular signaling (i.e. Fibrillin-1, Legumain, S100A13). The RT-PCR analysis confirmed the modifications of Fibrillin-1, ADAMTSL4, Basigin and Xanthine Oxidase, whose expression levels increase after stimulation with LPS and are reduced by l-Arginine (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS l-Arginine prevents osteogenic differentiation of VICs and reduces matrix calcification. This effect is achieved through the modulation of proteins involved in the cellular redox system, remodeling of extracellular matrix and inflammatory activation of VICs.
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Unita S, Hirashima N, Shimada M, Tsunekawa T, Tanaka D, Kondo T, Urata N, Kondo H, Saito M, Iwase H, Ito S, Togawa T, Saitoh S, Tanaka Y. Successful treatment of adult-onset type II citrullinemia with a low-carbohydrate diet and L-arginine after DNA analysis produced a definitive diagnosis. Clin J Gastroenterol 2020; 13:823-33. [PMID: 31898207 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-019-01083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A 60-year-old male, who exhibited finger tremors, obnubilation, and hyperammonemia (409 μg/dL), was admitted to our hospital. Initially, we suspected that a portosystemic shunt had caused his hyperammonemia. However, his symptoms did not improve after balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. He was subsequently found to have some peculiar eating habits, including a fondness for bean curd and peanuts, and an aversion to alcohol and sweets. Furthermore, marked citrullinemia (454.2 nmol/mL) was revealed, which led us to suspect adult-onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). DNA analysis of the patient and his mother, son, and daughter confirmed that he was homozygous for the c.852_855del mutation in the SLC25A13 gene, and his relatives were heterozygous for the c.852_855del mutation, which led to a definitive diagnosis. A low-carbohydrate diet and the administration of L-arginine ameliorated his symptoms. It is important to be aware that CTLN2 can occur in elderly patients. Thus, patients who exhibit symptoms of CTLN2 should be interviewed about their dietary habits and subjected to plasma amino acid analysis.In this report, we consider the metabolic disorders seen in citrin deficiency and the associated compensatory mechanisms in relation to the clinical features and treatment of CTLN2.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of global mortality and disability. Abundant evidence indicates that amino acids play a fundamental role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Decades of research established the importance of L-arginine in promoting vascular health through the generation of the gas nitric oxide. More recently, L-glutamine, L-tryptophan, and L-cysteine have also been shown to modulate vascular function via the formation of a myriad of metabolites, including a number of gases (ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide). These amino acids and their metabolites preserve vascular homeostasis by regulating critical cellular processes including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, contractility, and senescence. Furthermore, they exert potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the circulation, and block the accumulation of lipids within the arterial wall. They also mitigate known risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. However, in some instances, the metabolism of these amino acids through discrete pathways yields compounds that fosters vascular disease. While supplementation with amino acid monotherapy targeting the deficiency has ameliorated arterial disease in many animal models, this approach has been less successful in the clinic. A more robust approach combining amino acid supplementation with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and/or specific amino acid enzymatic pathway inhibitors may prove more successful. Alternatively, supplementation with amino acid-derived metabolites rather than the parent molecule may elicit beneficial effects while bypassing potentially harmful pathways of metabolism. Finally, there is an emerging recognition that circulating levels of multiple amino acids are perturbed in vascular disease and that a more holistic approach that targets all these amino acid derangements is required to restore circulatory function in diseased blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Nasehi M, Mohammadi-Mahdiabadi-Hasani MH, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Zarrindast MR. Additive interaction between scopolamine and nitric oxide agents on immobility in the forced swim test but not exploratory activity in the hole-board. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3353-3362. [PMID: 31175384 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The muscarinic cholinergic antagonist scopolamine has received an attention due to its unique antidepressant effects. However, the considerable adverse effects on nervous system limit the use of scopolamine as a psychiatric drug. OBJECTIVE In order to overcome the limitations and increase the therapeutic effects of scopolamine, we decided to examine the effects of joint administration of sub-effective dose of scopolamine and the sub-effective dose of a nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-Arginine or a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in male NMRI mice. METHODS To this aim, animal behavior was assessed in the forced swim test (FST) and hole-board apparatus. RESULTS Scopolamine (0.05 mg/kg) significantly decreased immobility time in the FST, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. Moreover, L-Arginine (50 mg/kg) produced an antidepressant-like response in the FST and decreased head-dip counts in the hole-board apparatus, indicating an anxiety-like effect. The same doses of scopolamine and L-Arginine decreased the locomotor activity in mice. Joint administration of sub-effective dose of scopolamine (0.01 mg/kg) with a low dose of L-Arginine (25 mg/kg) or L-NAME (1 mg/kg) induced a profound antidepressant-like effect in the FST. These drug combinations did not influence on anxiety-related behaviors. Meanwhile, L-NAME alone did not alter the performance of mice in the FST and hole-board. Isobolographic analysis revealed an additive effect for scopolamine and L-Arginine or L-NAME. CONCLUSION Data suggests that NO agents could positively impact the therapeutic profile of scopolamine, because they might be useful for inducing antidepressant-like effect associated to scopolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohaddeseh Ebrahimi-Ghiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zanjan, P.O. Box 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xia Z, Huang L, Yin P, Liu F, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Lin J, Zou W, Li C. L-Arginine alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage by promoting expression of tight junction proteins via the AMPK pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:6435-51. [PMID: 31576512 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) and secondary restricted blood flow to the intestines cause dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Tight junctions (TJs) are essential to maintain intestinal integrity. L-Arginine has beneficial effects on gut functions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that L-arginine regulates the TJ network by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which in turn improves intestinal barrier functions under HS. IEC-6 cells and rat small intestines were used as experiment models of heat stress. AICAR and dorsomorphin were used to activate and inhibit the AMPK pathway, respectively. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, differential gene expression and KEGG pathway analysis, intestinal paracellular permeability, intestinal morphology, and expression of HSP and TJ proteins, and p-AMPK were determined. L-Arginine promoted cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis after heat exposure at an optimal concentration of 5 mmol. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes associated with the HSP family and TJs were elevated by L-arginine. According to KEGG pathway analysis, L-arginine activated the AMPK signaling pathway. In vivo, intestinal damage resulted in obvious morphological changes as well as apoptosis with TUNEL and caspase-3 staining under HS and dorsomorphin treatments. Furthermore, HS and dorsomorphin increased the serum D-lactate concentration, diamine oxidase activity, and mRNA expression level of MLCK (P < 0.05). In contrast, L-arginine and AICAR treatments reduced intestinal injury, maintained intestinal permeability, and increased the villus/crypt ratio under hyperthermia. L-Arginine had the same effect as AICAR both in vitro and in vivo, namely increasing p-AMPK protein expression. L-Arginine and AICAR also upregulated the mRNA expression level of HSP70 and HSP90, and downregulated mRNA expression of MLCK (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of TJ proteins ZO-1 and claudin-1 were suppressed by heat stroke and dorsomorphin, but enhanced by L-arginine and AICAR. Our findings indicate that activation of AMPK signaling by L-arginine is associated with improved intestinal mucosal barrier functions by enhancing the expression of TJs in rat small intestines and IEC-6 cells during HS.
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Nukala PK, Palekar S, Patki M, Fu Y, Patel K. Multi-dose oral abuse deterrent formulation of loperamide using hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118629. [PMID: 31425818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Loperamide, an over the counter anti-diarrheal drug, also infamously referred to as "poor man's methadone". Due to the ease of availability and low price, people/patients abuse it by consuming more than 30 tablets to achieve euphoric effect and to combat opioid withdrawal. But supratherapeutic doses of loperamide result in severe respiratory depression, cardiac dysrhythmia and mortality. To address this issue, we developed a unique and innovative technology to deter multi-dose oral abuse. The concept is to design a tablet which can immediate release loperamide in diarrheic patients (single tablet) while stops loperamide release in case of intentional multi-dose ingestion. Loperamide was molecularly dispersed into gastric soluble cationic polymers - Eudragit® EPO and Kollicoat® Smartseal 100P using hot melt extrusion to obtain filament. Filaments were milled and compressed into tablets ((Eudragit® EPO (SJU1) and Kollicoat® Smartseal (SJU2)) with optimized amount of L-Arginine. Dissolution in 250 mL of Fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FaSSGF) revealed that single tablet of Imodium® (marketed formulation) and SJU1 showed >85% of release within 15 min. Most importantly, in multi-unit dissolution (15 tablets), Imodium® exhibited >90% release but SJU tablets showed <2% of drug release thus demonstrating its ability to deter multi-dose oral abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Nukala
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Siddhant Palekar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Manali Patki
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Yige Fu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States.
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Nikkar E, Ghoshooni H, Hadipour MM, Sahraei H. Effect of Nitric Oxide on Basolateral Amygdala on Persistence of Anxiety and Depression in Stressed Male Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:13-22. [PMID: 31031890 PMCID: PMC6484182 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The current study aimed at investigating the role of Nitric Oxide (NO) in the maintenance of anxiety and depression induced by stress in male Wistar rats using intra-Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) injection of NO precursor, L-arginine, Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and L-NAME. Methods: Two 23-gauge stainless steel cannulas were placed in the BLA, stereotaxically. Seven days later, animals experienced electro foot shock stress based on the following protocol: animals experienced four sessions of stress for 60 minutes in four consecutive days. Five minutes before each stress session, the animals received different doses of L-arginine or L-NAME (1, 5 and, 10 μg/rat) or saline (0.5 μL/rat) intra-BLA. Six days after the stress termination, animals were tested for maintenance of anxiety-like behavior (elevated plus maze; EPM) and eight days after the stress they were examined for depression (forced swimming test; FST). Results: Stress reduced the time and number of open arms and decreased motor activity on EPM. Stress-induced anxiety was inhibited by L-arginine and L-NAME (1, 5, and 10 μg/rat). L-Arginine and L-NAME induced anxiety in non-stressed rats. Stress also increased the immobility time in animals in FST paradigm. Interestingly, both L-arginine and L-NAME, in all doses reduced the stress effect. Conclusion: BLA nitric oxide may play a pivotal role in anxiety and depression induced by stress in rats. Since the effects of both L-arginine and L-NAME were similar, NO might have a modulatory role in the BLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Nikkar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ghoshooni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hedayat Sahraei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gao L, Zhang JH, Chen XX, Ren HL, Feng XL, Wang JL, Xiao JH. Combination of L-Arginine and L-Norvaline protects against pulmonary fibrosis progression induced by bleomycin in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108768. [PMID: 30889486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) progression may be involved with arginine (Arg) metabolism and immune balance. The present study aimed to explore the effects of L-Arginine (L-Arg) and L-Norvaline (L-Nor) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF in mice, meanwhile, and observe dynamic changes of Arg metabolism, immune balance and crosstalk between them in PF progression. Followed intratracheal instillation of BLM or saline, Kunming mice were treated orally with saline, L-Arg, L-Nor and L-Arg + L-Nor three times a day. And the mice were sacrificed on Day 3, 14 and 28 after treatment. Changes of body weight, lung index, lung hydroxyproline and histopathology were analyzed to evaluate the PF degree. Peripheral blood Arg, Citrulline (Cit), Ornithine (Orn) and Proline (Pro), lung NO, NOS and arginase were analyzed to evaluate the Arg metabolism. Peripheral blood Tregs, Th17 and γδT cells were analyzed to evaluate the immune balance. Our data showed that combination of L-Arg and L-Nor dynamically reversed the weight loss, decreased lung index and hydroxyproline, and improved lung histopathological damages induced by BLM. The combination dynamically and significantly rectified Tregs, Th17, γδT and Tregs/Th17 abnormal changes. Meanwhile, these disorders of peripheral blood Arg, Cit, Orn, Pro, Orn/Cit and Pro/Orn, and lung NO, iNOS and TNOS were also improved accordingly. These results demonstrated that combination of L-Arg and L-Nor had inhibitory effects on BLM-induced PF progression, possibly due to their corrective action on immune imbalance, Arg metabolism disorder and crosstalk abnormality in the progression of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Li Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Szefel J, Danielak A, Kruszewski WJ. Metabolic pathways of L-arginine and therapeutic consequences in tumors. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:104-10. [PMID: 30605863 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Difference in the metabolism of normal and cancer cells inspires to search for new, more specific and less toxic therapies than those currently used. The development of tumors is conditioned by genetic changes in cancer-transformed cells, immunological tolerance and immunosuppression. At the initial stages of carcinogenesis, the immune system shows anti-tumor activity, however later, cancer disrupts the function of Th1/Th17/Th2 lymphocytes by regulatory T (Treg) cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and finally causes immunosuppression. Recently, much attention has been devoted to the influence of l-arginine metabolism disorders on both carcinogenesis and the immune system. l-Arginine is essential for the maturation of the T cell receptor zeta (TCRζ), and its absence deprives T-cells of the ability to interact with tumor antigens. MDSCs deplete l-arginine due to a high expression of arginase 1 (ARG1) and their number increases 4-10 times depending on the type of the cancer. L-Arginine has been shown to be essential for the survival and progression of arginine auxotrophic tumors. However, the progression of arginine non-auxotrophic tumors is independent of exogenous l-arginine, because these tumors have arginine-succinate synthetase (ASS1) activity and are available to produce l-arginine from citrulline. Clinical studies have confirmed the high efficacy of arginine auxotrophic tumors therapy based on the elimination of l-arginine. However, l-arginine supplementation may improve the results of treatment of patients with arginine non-auxotrophic cancer. This review is an attempt to explain the seemingly contradictory results of oncological therapies based on the deprivation or supplementation of l-arginine.
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Walia V, Garg C, Garg M. Nitrergic signaling modulation by ascorbic acid treatment is responsible for anxiolysis in mouse model of anxiety. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:85-98. [PMID: 30738102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) treatment on the anxiety related behavioral and neurochemical alterations. AA (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the mice and anxiety related behavior and levels of glutamate and nitrite in the brain of mice were determined. The results obtained revealed that the administration of AA (100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the anxiety related behavior and the levels of nitrite in the brain of mice. Nitrergic interactions were further determined by the pretreatment of mice with nitric oxide (NO) modulator and AA treatment followed by behavioral and neurochemical measurements. The results obtained suggested that NO inhibition potentiated the anxiolytic like activity of AA in mice. It was also observed that the glutamate and nitrite level in the brain of mice were significantly reduced by the NO inhibitor pretreatment. Thus, the present study demonstrated the possible nitrergic pathways modulation in the anxiolytic like activity of AA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Walia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Chanchal Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Munish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India.
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Bollenbach A, Bakker SJL, Tsikas D. GC-MS measurement of biological N G-hydroxy- L-arginine, a stepmotherly investigated endogenous nitric oxide synthase substrate and arginase inhibitor. Amino Acids 2019; 51:627-640. [PMID: 30610471 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-02695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
L-Arginine is converted by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to L-citrulline and nitric oxide (NO). NG-Hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA) is the isolable intermediate of this reaction. NOHA has been identified in biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reportedly, NOHA concentrations in human plasma and serum range over four orders of magnitude (e.g., 2 nM-34 µM). The natural occurrence of NOHA in urine has not been reported thus far. Here, we report a validated stable-isotope dilution GC-MS method for the quantitative determination of NOHA in 10-µL aliquots of human serum and urine samples. The method is based on a two-step derivatization of NOHA to the methyl ester pentafluoropropionyl (PFP) derivatives using newly synthesized trideuteromethyl ester NOHA (d3Me-NOHA) as the internal standard and GC-MS quantification. NOHA was found to form a methyl ester-NG,Nδ,Nα-pentafluoropropionyl derivative, i.e., Me-(PFP)3 (M, 642) with the NG-hydroxy group remaining non-derivatized. Selected-ion monitoring of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio of 458 for endogenous NOHA and m/z 461 for d3Me-NOHA in the negative-ion chemical ionization mode revealed NOHA concentrations of the order of 0.2 µM in human serum and 3 µM in urine samples. Accuracy (recovery, %) was 91.6 ± 1.6% in serum and 39.9 ± 4.5% in urine. Inorganic nitrate was found to decrease NOHA recovery from urine presumably through the reaction of the OH group of NOHA with nitric acid. Imprecision (RSD, %) ranged between 1.4 and 14.8% in serum, and between 5.3 and 18.4% in urine in the investigated concentration range (0-15 µM NOHA). Ten healthy kidney donors excreted in the urine (mean ± SEM) 13.9 ± 1.81 µmol NOHA per day before and 10.9 ± 1.4 µmol NOHA per day after kidney donation (P = 0.24). Similar results were observed for dimethylamine (DMA), the major urinary metabolite of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Changes in NOHA and DMA correlated positively (r = 0.718, P = 0.019). This is the first report on the occurrence and measurement of NOHA in human urine and on the effect of human unilateral nephrectomy on urinary NOHA and DMA. Healthy kidney donation may be useful as a model for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bollenbach
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30623, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Kidney Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30623, Hannover, Germany.
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Boon MR, Hanssen MJW, Brans B, Hülsman CJM, Hoeks J, Nahon KJ, Bakker C, van Klinken JB, Havekes B, Schaart G, Jazet IM, Rensen PCN, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD. Effect of L-arginine on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in South Asian and Europid prediabetic men: a randomised double-blinded crossover study. Diabetologia 2019; 62:112-122. [PMID: 30377712 PMCID: PMC6290676 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Individuals of South Asian origin are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities compared with Europids. Disturbances in energy metabolism may contribute to this increased risk. Skeletal muscle and possibly also brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in human energy metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) is suggested to play a pivotal role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in both tissues. We aimed to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of supplementation with L-arginine, a precursor of NO, on energy metabolism by BAT and skeletal muscle, as well as glucose metabolism in South Asian men compared with men of European descent. METHODS We included ten Dutch South Asian men (age 46.5 ± 2.8 years, BMI 30.1 ± 1.1 kg/m2) and ten Dutch men of European descent, that were similar with respect to age and BMI, with prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose level 5.6-6.9 mmol/l or plasma glucose levels 2 h after an OGTT 7.8-11.1 mmol/l). Participants took either L-arginine (9 g/day) or placebo orally for 6 weeks in a randomised double-blind crossover study. Participants were eligible to participate in the study when they were aged between 40 and 55 years, had a BMI between 25 and 35 kg/m2 and did not have type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, ethnicity was defined as having four grandparents of South Asian or white European origin, respectively. Blinding of treatment was done by the pharmacy (Hankintatukku) and an independent researcher from Leiden University Medical Center randomly assigned treatments by providing a coded list. All people involved in the study as well as participants were blinded to group assignment. After each intervention, glucose tolerance was determined by OGTT and basal metabolic rate (BMR) was determined by indirect calorimetry; BAT activity was assessed by cold-induced [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography scanning. In addition, a fasting skeletal muscle biopsy was taken and analysed ex vivo for respiratory capacity using a multisubstrate protocol. The primary study endpoint was the effect of L-arginine on BAT volume and activity. RESULTS L-Arginine did not affect BMR, [18F]FDG uptake by BAT or skeletal muscle respiration in either ethnicity. During OGTT, L-arginine lowered plasma glucose concentrations (AUC0-2 h - 9%, p < 0.01), insulin excursion (AUC0-2 h - 26%, p < 0.05) and peak insulin concentrations (-26%, p < 0.05) in Europid but not South Asian men. This coincided with enhanced cold-induced glucose oxidation (+44%, p < 0.05) in Europids only. Of note, in skeletal muscle biopsies several respiration states were consistently lower in South Asian men compared with Europid men. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION L-Arginine supplementation does not affect BMR, [18F]FDG uptake by BAT, or skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in Europid and South Asian overweight and prediabetic men. However, L-arginine improves glucose tolerance in Europids but not in South Asians. Furthermore, South Asian men have lower skeletal muscle oxidative capacity than men of European descent. FUNDING This study was funded by the EU FP7 project DIABAT, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation and the Dutch Heart Foundation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02291458.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëtte R Boon
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, post zone C7Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark J W Hanssen
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Brans
- Dept of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy J M Hülsman
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberly J Nahon
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, post zone C7Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Bakker
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Dept of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, post zone C7Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, post zone C7Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Corbett Y, D'Alessandro S, Parapini S, Scaccabarozzi D, Kalantari P, Zava S, Giavarini F, Caruso D, Colombo I, Egan TJ, Basilico N. Interplay between Plasmodium falciparum haemozoin and L-arginine: implication for nitric oxide production. Malar J 2018; 17:456. [PMID: 30522493 PMCID: PMC6282336 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum haemozoin, a detoxification product of digested haemoglobin from infected erythrocytes, is released into the bloodstream upon schizont rupture and accumulates in leukocytes. High levels of haemozoin correlate with disease severity. Some studies have shown that concentrations of the substrate of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), l-arginine, as well as nitric oxide are low in patients infected with P. falciparum malaria. The present study investigates, in vitro, the role of P. falciparum haemozoin on nitric oxide production, iNOS expression in macrophages, and the possible interaction between l-arginine and haemozoin. Methods Plasmodium falciparum haemozoin was obtained from in vitro cultures through magnetic isolation. Phagocytosis of haemozoin by immortalized bone marrow derived macrophages was detected by confocal reflection combined with fluorescence microscopy. Nitrite concentrations in the supernatants was evaluated by Griess assay as a standard indication of nitric oxide production, while iNOS expression was detected on cell extracts by western blotting. Detection of l-arginine in haemozoin-treated or untreated media was achieved by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Results Haemozoin synergizes in vitro with interferon-gamma to produce nitric oxide. However, when mouse macrophages were stimulated with haemozoin, a proportional increase of nitric oxide was observed up to 25 μM of haemozoin, followed by a decrease with doses up to 100 μM, when nitric oxide release was completely abrogated. This was not due to reactive oxygen species production, nor to an effect on iNOS activity. Interestingly, when at 24 h, haemozoin-treated macrophages were washed and incubated in fresh medium for further 24 h, the nitric oxide production was restored in a dose–response manner. Similar results were seen when l-arginine-enriched media was used in the stimulation. Moreover, muramyldipeptide, a strong nitric oxide inducer, was unable to activate macrophages to release nitric oxide in the presence of haemozoin-treated medium. By LC–MS/MS a complete depletion of l-arginine was observed in this haemozoin-treated, conditioned medium. Conclusions It is proposed that haemozoin interacts with l-arginine reducing its availability for iNOS, and thus decreasing nitric oxide production. The clinical (or pathological) implications of these results are discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2602-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Corbett
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy.
| | - Sarah D'Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Silvia Parapini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Diletta Scaccabarozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Parisa Kalantari
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stefania Zava
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Flavio Giavarini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Irma Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Timothy J Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, MI, Italy
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Xiao CW, Wood C, Bertinato J. Dietary supplementation with L-lysine affects body weight and blood hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:433-42. [PMID: 30488372 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
L-Lysine (Lys) is a popular additive in foods, but the physiological effects of excess Lys supplementation are poorly understood and upper limits of safe intake have not been established. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of dietary supplementation with increasing amounts of Lys on body weight (BW), food intake, and various blood hematological and biochemical parameters in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats at 10 weeks of age were assigned to ten diet groups (eight rats/group) and fed diets containing either 7% or 20% casein and supplemented with either 0% (Control), 1.5%, 3%, 6% Lys, or 6% Lys + 3% arginine for 1 week. Rats fed 7% casein with ≥ 1.5% Lys supplementation had lower serum albumin and leptin and higher LDL cholesterol (LDLC), ratios of total cholesterol (TC):HDL cholesterol (HDLC) and LDLC:HDLC than those fed 7% casein Control diet (P < 0.05). Rats fed 7% casein diet supplemented with 3% Lys diet had lower BW gain, food intake, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, blood urea nitrogen and serum pancreatic polypeptide compared to rats fed the Control diet (P < 0.05). Addition of 6% Lys in 7% casein caused significant BW loss (P < 0.001) and altered additional parameters. Addition of 6% Lys in a 20% casein diet reduced BW gain and food intake and altered numerous parameters. Arg supplementation normalized many of the endpoints changed by Lys. Collectively, these results show that Lys supplementation affects BW, food intake and a number of hematological and biochemical parameters. These effects of Lys supplementation were confined primarily in diets with lower levels of dietary protein. In the context of a low protein diet (7% casein), levels of Lys supplementation ≥ 1.5% may exert adverse health effects in rats.
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