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Beneficial effects of liraglutide on peripheral blood vessels. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200423089z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Macroangiopathy is the major cause of death and disability in type 2 diabetic patients. Studies have shown that liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, can protect cardiovascular system by inhibiting chronic inflammation of diabetes. However, a study about the effects of liraglutide on peripheral blood vessels and peripheral blood leukocytes has not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to determine vasculoprotective effect, vascular protection and mechanism of action of liraglutide in addition to its hypoglycemic effect. Methods. A total of 60 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from December 2013 to December 2014 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, PR China. Before the treatment with liraglutide, height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and so on were detected. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and islet ? cell function (HOMA-?) were computed. After applying liraglutide for three months, all indexes were measured again. The effects of liraglutide on these indexes were analyzed by paired sample t-test. Results. After the treatment with liraglutide, values of glycosylated hemoglobin ? HbA1c (8.46 ? 1.62 vs. 7.26 ? 1.40%) and 2h postprandial blood glucose ? 2hPBG (11.95 vs. 9.6 mmol/L) decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Body weight (87.3 vs. 82.5 kg) and BMI (30.37 vs. 28.63 kg/m2) decreased by 5.5% and 5.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). Also, levels of triglycerides (TG) (2.57 ? 1.54 vs. 1.81 ? 0.70 mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol (2.92 ? 0.78 vs. 1.89 ? 0.66 mmol/L) reduced significantly (p < 0.05). Ankle-brachial index (ABI) decreased from 1.24 ? 0.10 to 1.14 ? 0.06 cm/s by 8%, while brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) decreased from 1,442.15 ? 196.26 to 1,316.85 ? 146.63 cm/s by 8.7%, and both differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Liraglutide, with a good hypoglycemic effect, can significantly reduce postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c, but cannot significantly improve fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance and islet ? cell function. It also considerably decreased body weight, BMI and TG. Liraglutide can significantly lower ba-PWV and ABI to protect peripheral blood vessels.
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Cos FX, Gómez-Huelgas R, Gomez-Peralta F. Are There Different Viewpoints About the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Comorbidities? A Multidisciplinary Spanish Qualitative Research. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:189-203. [PMID: 34927212 PMCID: PMC8776935 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to explore the vision of a large multidisciplinary group of physicians treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Spain, with a special focus on controversial management aspects. The perceptions of primary care (PC) physicians and hospital care (HC) specialists were compared. METHODS This was a mixed survey that included Delphi-like statements and opinion, attitude and behaviour (OAB) questions. The Delphi-like statements were assessed on the basis of the degree of agreement among respondents, and a descriptive analysis was performed on the answers to the OAB questions. RESULTS A total of 296 participants responded to the first wave of the survey, of whom 293 responded to the second wave (211 from PC and 80 from HC, with two respondents for whom there were no data on specialty). A high degree of consensus (CNS ≥ 0.8) was obtained in all the statements. A proactive approach to detect prediabetes or T2DM in asymptomatic people was highly supported (80.4% of agreement). Introducing early treatment intensification was considered to favour the durability of glycaemic control and to delay the progression of the disease (80.4%). There was agreement on the statement that glycaemic variability constitutes a risk factor for chronic complications, although differences in the perceptions of HC physicians and PC specialists were identified (86.3 vs. 80.1%, respectively). More HC physicans than PC specialists considered comorbidities to affect the ability to self-care (95 vs. 82.9%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The survey revealed that there was a high, albeit not universal, degree of agreement amongst PC physicians and HC specialists in relation to prevention, screening and diagnosis of T2DM; early treatment intensification; dysglycaemias; and the management of patients with comorbidities. The statement on the management of patients with comorbidities elicited the highest difference between PC physicans and HC specialists. The results of this survey indicate that there is room for improvement in terms of implementing strategies in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc-Xavier Cos
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Fundación Instituto Universitario para la Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salud Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Innovation Officer, Institut Català de la Salut., Centro de Atención Primaria Sant Martí de Provençals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, CIBER Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Bollig C, Torbahn G, Bauer J, Brefka S, Dallmeier D, Denkinger M, Eidam A, Klöppel S, Zeyfang A, Voigt-Radloff S. Evidence gap on antihyperglycemic pharmacotherapy in frail older adults : A systematic review. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 54:278-284. [PMID: 32303827 PMCID: PMC8096761 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-020-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Although antihyperglycemic pharmacotherapy in frail older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is challenging, recommendations from international guidelines are mainly based on indirect evidence from trials not including frail participants. Objective This systematic review investigated the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy in frail older adults with T2DM. Material and methods Randomized (RCT) and non-randomized prospective clinical trials (non-RCT) were searched in three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Central) up to October 2018. Trials in older adults with T2DM who were assessed as significantly or severely impaired by defined cut-off scores of assessment instruments on frailty, activities of daily living or physical functional impairment were included. Results Two reviewers independently screened 17,391 references for inclusion and assessed risk of bias with ROBINS‑I. Five non-RCTs and no RCT were identified. Treatment of T2DM without insulin compared to insulin could be associated with increased improvement in cardiac functions in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy and with decreased falls in frail older women. While better glycemic control with low variability and low HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) values (<7%) was associated with better maintenance of physical function in community-dwelling older persons, higher HbA1c values (8–8.9%) were associated with a reduction in the composite outcome of death or functional decline in community-dwelling diabetic older adults with need for skilled assistance. Due to serious risk of bias in all studies, results should be considered with caution. Conclusion Well-designed, large-scale RCTs including this important group of patients are required to assess the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy and HbA1c targets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00391-020-01724-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bollig
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 49, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Cochrane Germany, Cochrane Germany Foundation, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Torbahn
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 49, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauer
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, University of Heidelberg and Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Brefka
- Agaplesion Bethesda Clinic, Geriatric Research Unit Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dhayana Dallmeier
- Agaplesion Bethesda Clinic, Geriatric Research Unit Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Denkinger
- Agaplesion Bethesda Clinic, Geriatric Research Unit Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Eidam
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, University of Heidelberg and Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Zeyfang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Voigt-Radloff
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 49, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Center for Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology Freiburg, Medical Center Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Mechanick JI, Farkouh ME, Newman JD, Garvey WT. Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease, Addressing Knowledge and Clinical Practice Gaps: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:539-555. [PMID: 32029137 PMCID: PMC8168371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the second part of this JACC State-of-the-Art Review, an early and sustainable preventive care plan is described for cardiometabolic-based chronic disease. This plan can improve cardiometabolic health by targeting early mechanistic events to decrease the risk for certain cardiovascular diseases (e.g., coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation). Included are various prevention modalities, intensive lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy and cardiovascular outcome trial evidence, and bariatric/metabolic procedures. A tactical approach of implementing published clinical practice guidelines/algorithms for early behavioral, adiposity, and dysglycemia targeting is emphasized, as well as relevant educational and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Mechanick
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute/Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Michael E Farkouh
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Newman
- Division of Cardiology and Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Scheen AJ. Series: Implications of the recent CVOTs in type 2 diabetes: Impact on guidelines: The endocrinologist point of view. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 159:107726. [PMID: 31108136 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) essentially consists in controlling hyperglycaemia, together with other vascular risk factors, in order to reduce the incidence and severity of diabetic complications. Whereas glucose control using classical glucose-lowering agents (except perhaps metformin) largely fails to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD), two new pharmacological classes, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), have proven their ability to reduce major cardiovascular events in patients with established CVD. Furthermore, SGLT2is reduced the risk of hospitalisation for heart failure and the progression of renal disease. According to the 2018 ADA-EASD consensus report, the choice of a second agent to be added to metformin should now be driven by the presence or not of atherosclerotic CVD, heart failure or renal disease, all conditions that should promote the use of a SGLT2i or a GLP-1 RA with proven efficacy. Thus endocrinologists have to face a new paradigm in the management of T2DM, with a shift from a primary objective of glucose control without inducing hypoglycaemia and weight gain to a goal of cardiovascular and renal protection, largely independent of glucose control. Of note, however, the latter remains crucial to reduce the risk of microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CHU Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Li K, Zhang L, Xue J, Yang X, Dong X, Sha L, Lei H, Zhang X, Zhu L, Wang Z, Li X, Wang H, Liu P, Dong Y, He L. Dietary inulin alleviates diverse stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus via anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in db/db mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:1915-1927. [PMID: 30869673 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely correlated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Prebiotic inulin (INU) is conducive to modulate gut dysbiosis. However, the impact of dietary inulin on the diverse stages of T2DM remains largely unknown. In the present study, according to the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), mice were randomly divided into six groups (15 mice per group): pre-diabetic group (PDM group); inulin-treated pre-diabetic group (INU/PDM group); early diabetic group (EDM group); inulin-treated early diabetic group (INU/EDM group); diabetic group (DM group); inulin-treated diabetic group (INU/DM group). All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (No. 2016-232). After 6 weeks of inulin intervention, the mice were euthanized and the associated indicators were investigated. Dietary inulin significantly reduced FBG, body weights (BWs), glycated hemoglobin (GHb), blood lipid, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17A in the three inulin-treated groups compared to the untreated groups. But for IL-17A, there remained no significant difference between the PDM group and the INU/PDM group. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory IL-10 showed significant alteration in the INU/PDM and INU/EDM groups, but no significant alteration in the INU/DM group. Sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota showed an elevation in the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides and a reduction in the relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium_6 in three inulin-treated different stages of T2DM groups, as well as a reduction in the relative abundance of Deferribacteres and Tenericutes in the INU/DM group. A reduction in the relative abundance of Mucispirillum was detected in the INU/PDM and INU/EDM groups. Correlation analysis revealed that Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides abundance were positively correlated with IL-10; Deferribacteres, Tenericutes, Mucispirillum and Ruminiclostridium_6 abundance were closely related to IL-6, TNF-α or IL-17A respectively. Additionally, Mucispirillum and Ruminiclostridium_6 abundance were positively correlated with LPS. Taken together, dietary inulin alleviated the diverse stages of T2DM via suppressing inflammation and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Alharbi T, Thomacos N, McLelland G. Core competencies for diabetes educators: A scoping review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2671-2682. [PMID: 31405693 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes educators (DEs) play a major role in diabetes education and management. The aims of this scoping review were to compile the currently identified core competencies for DEs and, to review the currently used criteria to assess DEs' core competencies. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Five databases (Ovid, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed) were searched. Keywords as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified as search strategies and study selection for this review. RESULTS A total of (n = 22) publications comprising sixteen peer-reviewed studies and six professional-organisations (grey literature) were selected for review, as they listed the core competencies of DEs. The most common core competencies were related to knowledge and skills in diabetes self-management education, knowledge of pathophysiology and epidemiology, teaching skills, clinical skills and cultural competency. Evidently, an appropriate tool for assessing DEs' competencies is currently unavailable. CONCLUSIONS Given the importance of diabetes education in the care of people living with diabetes, it is imperative that DEs possess competencies in diabetes education and management. The review also identified the need to develop a globally applicable core competency assessment tool for DEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Alharbi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia; University Diabetes Centre, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nikos Thomacos
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - Gayle McLelland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
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Giugliano D, Maiorino MI, Longo M, Esposito K. Are gliflozins the new statins for diabetes? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 153:191-193. [PMID: 30959149 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Giugliano
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Care of type II diabetes in older adults: untapped opportunities and remaining challenges. ASIAN BIOMED 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/abm-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Scheen AJ. Cardiovascular outcome studies in type 2 diabetes: Comparison between SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 143:88-100. [PMID: 29944969 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are two pharmacological classes that have proven their efficacy to reduce major cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and established cardiovascular disease in large prospective cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs): EMPA-REG OUTCOME (empagliflozin), CANVAS (canagliflozin), LEADER (liraglutide) and SUSTAIN 6 (semaglutide). Some heterogeneity appears to exist between the various agents within the two pharmacological classes. Whether these positive results could be extrapolated to patients without cardiovascular disease is still unknown. The underlying mechanisms remain a matter of debate but appear to differ between SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs. One crucial question is which patient's characteristics should be taken into account to guide the choice between a SGLT2i or a GLP-1RA according to a personalized approach. Heart failure should encourage the use of a SGLT2i whereas moderate to severe chronic kidney disease should favour the prescription of a GLP-1RA. Despite the results of recent CVOTs, numerous patients who are good candidates for benefiting of these agents do not receive them in clinical practice. Currently, there is a paradigm shift in T2DM management, moving from a primary objective of glucose control to a cardiovascular and renal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Scheen
- Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CHU Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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