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Naik AR, Save SN, Sahoo SS, Yadav SS, Kumar A, Chugh J, Sharma S. Metabolic perturbations associated with hIAPP-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscles: Implications to the development of type 2 diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 176:106665. [PMID: 39322038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) tends to misfold and self-assemble to form amyloid fibrils, which has been associated with the loss of function and viability of pancreatic β-cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The role of hIAPP in the development of insulin resistance (a hallmark of T2DM) in skeletal muscles - the major sites for glucose utilization - needs further investigation. Even though, insulin-resistant conditions have been known to stimulate hIAPP aggregation, the events that lead to the development of insulin resistance due to hIAPP aggregation in skeletal muscles remain unidentified. Here, we have attempted to identify metabolic perturbations in L6 myotubes that were exposed to increasing concentrations of recombinant hIAPP for different time durations. It was observed that hIAPP exposure was associated with increased mitochondrial and cellular ROS levels, loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and viability of the myotubes. Metabolomic investigations of hIAPP-treated myotubes revealed significant perturbations in o-phosphocholine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and dimethylamine levels (p < 0.05). Therefore, we anticipate that defects in glycerophospholipid metabolism and the associated oxidative stress and membrane damage may play key roles in the development of insulin resistance due to protein misfolding in skeletal muscles. In summary, the perturbed metabolites and their pathways have not only the potential to be used as early biomarkers to predict the onset of insulin resistance and T2DM but also as therapeutic targets for the effective management of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya R Naik
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Shreyada N Save
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Soumya S Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Saurabh S Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian institute of technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Jeetender Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India.
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Janovsky CCPS, Meneghini V, Tebar W, Martins JRM, Sgarbi JA, Teixeira PDFDS, Jones SR, Blaha MJ, Toth PP, Lotufo PA, Bittencourt MS, Santos RD, Santos IS, Chaker L, Bensenor IM. Branched-Chain Amino Acids, Alanine, and Thyroid Function: A Cross-Sectional, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Based Approach from ELSA-Brasil. Metabolites 2024; 14:437. [PMID: 39195533 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of thyroid function with essential and non-essential amino acids is understudied, despite their common metabolic roles. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the association of thyroid function with the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs-leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and of alanine in the general population. We utilized data from the São Paulo research center of ELSA-Brasil, a longitudinal population-based cohort study. Thyroid parameters included thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 and free T3 levels, and the FT4:FT3 ratio. BCAAs and alanine were analyzed on a fully automated NMR platform. The current analysis included euthyroid participants and participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. We used Pearson's coefficient to quantify the correlation between thyroid-related parameters and amino acids. Linear regression models were performed to analyze whether thyroid parameters were associated with BCAAs and alanine levels. We included 4098 participants (51.3 ± 9.0 years old, 51.5% women) in this study. In the most adjusted model, higher levels of TSH were associated with higher levels of alanine, FT4 levels were inversely associated with isoleucine levels, FT3 levels were statistically significant and positively associated with valine and leucine, and the T3:T4 ratio was positively associated with all amino acids. We observed that subclinical hypothyroidism was positively associated with isoleucine and alanine levels in all models, even after full adjustment. Our findings highlight the association of subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid-related parameters (including TSH, free T4, free T3, and FT4:FT3 ratio) with BCAAs and alanine. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this association. These insights contribute to our understanding of the influence of thyroid-related parameters on BCAA and alanine metabolism.
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Grants
- grants of baseline: 01 06 0010.00 RS, 01 06 0212.00 BA, 01 06 0300.00 ES, 01 06 0278.00 MG, 01 06 0115.00 SP, 01 06 0071.00 RJ; and grants of 4-year follow-up 01 10 0643-03 RS, 01 10 0742-00 BA, 01 12 0284-00 ES, 01 10 0746-00 MG, 01 10 0773-00 SP, and 01 National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
- 2015/17213- 2 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Vandrize Meneghini
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - William Tebar
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Joao Roberto Maciel Martins
- Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Sgarbi
- Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine of Marília (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, Brazil
| | | | - Steven R Jones
- Johns Hopkins, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins, Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Department of Preventive Cardiology, Sterling, IL 61081, USA
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcio S Bittencourt
- Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Calice-Silva V, Bensenor IM, Titan SM, Cavalcante MRN, Lotufo PA. Association between branched-chain amino acids and renal function in the ELSA-Brasil study. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1051-1056. [PMID: 38555679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiologic studies show high circulating Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with excess body weight, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. There is scarce data on the association between renal function and circulating levels of BCAA. Therefore, we aim to study this association in a sample of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adults (ELSA-Brasil) METHODS: We analyzed participants who had at the baseline BCAA: valine, isoleucine, and leucine measured through nuclear magnetic resonance. The outcomes evaluated were estimated glomerular function (eGFR - CKD-EPI without race) and 12h-albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). In addition, we built unadjusted and adjusted multivariable linear regression models to investigate the association between the BCAA (total and individual) and eGFR and ACR. RESULTS We studied 4912 participants (age 51.7(±9.0) years, 53.4% women, 59.5% White (59.5%), 32.7% hypertension, and 18.2% diabetes). The mean BCAA level was 429.15 ± 87.15. The mean eGFR was 84.95 ± 15 ml/min/1.73 m2, and the median ACR was 6.5 (1.8-4920) mg/g. Descriptive analyses comparing eGFR stratified <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and ACR≥30 mg/g demonstrate that BCAA levels are higher in patients with eGFR<60 and ACR ≥30. Regarding eGFR, an inverse association was detected with BCAA levels when adjusted for demographic variables, and it is not maintained after adjustments for other confounders. Also, a positive association was found for ACR≥30 mg/g, and BCAA levels, and this association is not confirmed after adjustments. CONCLUSIONS BCAA levels were inversely associated with eGFR and positively associated with ACR. Further studies are necessary to allow the comprehension of those associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Calice-Silva
- Pro-rim Foundation, Joinville, Brazil; School of Medicine, UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil; Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Hospital Universitario, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Hospital Universitario, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia M Titan
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Hospital Universitario, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Hospital Universitario, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wang M, Ou Y, Yuan XL, Zhu XF, Niu B, Kang Z, Zhang B, Ahmed A, Xing GQ, Su H. Heterogeneously elevated branched-chain/aromatic amino acids among new-onset type-2 diabetes mellitus patients are potentially skewed diabetes predictors. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:53-71. [PMID: 38313852 PMCID: PMC10835491 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of specific predictors for type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) severely impacts early intervention/prevention efforts. Elevated branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs: Isoleucine, leucine, valine) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs: Tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine)) show high sensitivity and specificity in predicting diabetes in animals and predict T2DM 10-19 years before T2DM onset in clinical studies. However, improvement is needed to support its clinical utility. AIM To evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) and sex on BCAAs/AAAs in new-onset T2DM individuals with varying body weight. METHODS Ninety-seven new-onset T2DM patients (< 12 mo) differing in BMI [normal weight (NW), n = 33, BMI = 22.23 ± 1.60; overweight, n = 42, BMI = 25.9 ± 1.07; obesity (OB), n = 22, BMI = 31.23 ± 2.31] from the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China, were studied. One-way and 2-way ANOVAs were conducted to determine the effects of BMI and sex on BCAAs/AAAs. RESULTS Fasting serum AAAs, BCAAs, glutamate, and alanine were greater and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was lower (P < 0.05, each) in OB-T2DM patients than in NW-T2DM patients, especially in male OB-T2DM patients. Arginine, histidine, leucine, methionine, and lysine were greater in male patients than in female patients. Moreover, histidine, alanine, glutamate, lysine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan were significantly correlated with abdominal adiposity, body weight and BMI, whereas isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with HDL. CONCLUSION Heterogeneously elevated amino acids, especially BCAAs/AAAs, across new-onset T2DM patients in differing BMI categories revealed a potentially skewed prediction of T2DM development. The higher BCAA/AAA levels in obese T2DM patients would support T2DM prediction in obese individuals, whereas the lower levels of BCAAs/AAAs in NW-T2DM individuals may underestimate T2DM risk in NW individuals. This potentially skewed T2DM prediction should be considered when BCAAs/AAAs are to be used as the T2DM predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiang-Lian Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhuang Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital & The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Guo-Qiang Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital and Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Research and Development, Lotus Biotech.com LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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Liu M, Yang Y, Liu Y, Peng X, Hou Y, Zhang X, Sun H, Shan C. Serum branched chain amino acids: an effective indicator of diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269633. [PMID: 38089615 PMCID: PMC10711269 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing association between elevated circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between serum BCAA levels and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains ambiguous. This study aims to investigate serum BCAA levels in DKD patients at various stages and assess the correlation between BCAA and clinical characteristics. Materials and methods We enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were admitted to our hospital and categorized them into three groups based on different DKD stages: normal proteinuria, microproteinuria, and macroalbuminuria groups. Forty healthy volunteers were included as the control group, and we measured serum BCAA concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Subsequently, we conducted correlation and regression analyses to assess the associations between BCAA and clinical indicators. Results Serum BCAA levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls. However, these levels exhibited a gradual decline with the progression of DKD. Furthermore, after adjusting for age, gender, and disease duration, we observed an independent association between serum albumin, urinary transferrin, and urinary microalbumin with BCAA. Discussion Our findings suggest a noteworthy decline in serum BCAA levels alongside the advancement of DKD. Additionally, serum BCAA exhibits an independent correlation with renal function indicators. These observations point to the possibility that serum BCAA concentrations in individuals with T2DM hold promise as a crucial predictor for both the initiation and progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Witkowska AM, Salem JE. Pharmacological and Nutritional Modulation of Metabolome and Metagenome in Cardiometabolic Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1340. [PMID: 37759740 PMCID: PMC10526920 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disorders are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A growing body of research indicates that the gut microbiota, whether it interacts favorably or not, plays an important role in host metabolism. Elucidating metabolic pathways may be crucial in preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases, and omics methods are key to studying the interaction between the fecal microbiota and host metabolism. This review summarizes available studies that combine metabolomic and metagenomic approaches to describe the effects of drugs, diet, nutrients, and specific foods on cardiometabolic health and to identify potential targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Białystok, Poland
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-1901), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France;
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Wang N, Zhou T, Ma X, Lin Y, Ding Y. The Association between Maternal B Vitamins in Early Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235016. [PMID: 36501046 PMCID: PMC9736031 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the association between maternal B vitamins in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Methods: A cohort of 1265 pregnant women was recruited at 8−15 weeks of gestation in 2021−2022 (Shanghai, China). Pregnancies with both serum B vitamin measurements at recruitment and glucose measurements at 24−28 weeks of gestation were included in the final analysis. Results: Of the 1065 pregnancies, in the final analysis, GDM occurred in 121 women (11.36%). In multivariate logistic models, an increased risk trend across serum vitamin B1 quartiles with GDM was observed (p-Trend = 0.001). Compared with women in the lowest quartile of serum vitamin B6, those in the upper two quartiles had approximately twofold higher odds of GDM. Moreover, compared with women with vitamin B12 levels < 150 pmol/L, those with vitamin B12 levels > 150 pmol/L had lower odds of GDM (p = 0.005). The restricted cubic spline regression models also revealed that serum vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 were associated with an increased risk of GDM in a nonlinear fashion. Conclusions: Our study shows that higher maternal serum vitamin B1 and B6 levels in early pregnancy are associated with increased GDM risk, while sufficient vitamin B12 status is associated with lower GDM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Nursing Department, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Tianchun Zhou
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ma
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuping Lin
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Nursing Department, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-137-9535-7887
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Izumi M, Sonoki K, Akifusa S. Correlation of Salivary Occult Blood with the Plasma Concentration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158930. [PMID: 35897295 PMCID: PMC9332040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) levels are predictors of glycometabolic disorders, leading to diabetes. Microbes, including periodontal pathogens, are thought to be associated with elevated plasma BCAA levels. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between salivary occult blood (SOB) and plasma BCAA levels in middle-aged Japanese individuals. Methods: Sixty-four Japanese individuals aged ≥ 40 years were recruited for this study, which was conducted in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, from August to December 2021. Individuals diagnosed with and/or treated for diabetes were excluded from the study. The body mass index (BMI); plasma concentrations of total, high-density, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; triglyceride, glucose, and BCAA; and glycosylated hemoglobin ratio were measured. A basic periodontal examination was performed after the SOB test. Results: The median age of participants (men—20; women—44) was 55 (range, 41–78) years. The plasma BCAA concentration in the SOB-positive group (477 [400–658] μmol/L) was higher than that in the SOB-negative group (432 [307–665] μmol/L). Linear regression analysis revealed that SOB remained independently associated with the plasma BCAA level with statistical significance (β = 0.17, p = 0.02) after adjusting for sex, age, and BMI. Conclusions: SOB was positively correlated with plasma BCAA levels in middle-aged Japanese individuals. Thus, SOB may be a predictor of elevated plasma BCAA levels.
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Okabe K, Yaku K, Uchida Y, Fukamizu Y, Sato T, Sakurai T, Tobe K, Nakagawa T. Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects. Front Nutr 2022; 9:868640. [PMID: 35479740 PMCID: PMC9036060 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NNM) is an orally bioavailable NAD+ precursor that has demonstrated beneficial effects against aging and aging-associated diseases in animal models. NMN is ultimately converted to NAD+, a redox cofactor that mediates many metabolic enzymes. NAD+ also serves as the substrate for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and sirtuins, and regulates various biological processes, such as metabolism, DNA repair, gene expression, and stress responses. Previous mouse models showed that NMN administration can increase NAD+ in various organs and ameliorate aging-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, and Alzheimer's disease through NAD+-mediated pathways. However, evidence of its effect on humans is still scarce. In this study, we conducted a placebo-controlled, randomized, double blind, parallel-group trial to investigate the safety of orally administered NMN and its efficacy to increase NAD+ levels in thirty healthy subjects. Healthy volunteers received 250 mg/day of NMN (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) for 12 weeks, and physiological and laboratory tests were performed during this period. In addition, NAD+ and its related metabolites in whole blood were examined. Oral supplementation of NMN for 12 weeks caused no abnormalities in physiological and laboratory tests, and no obvious adverse effects were observed. NAD+ levels in whole blood were significantly increased after NMN administration. We also observed the significant rise in nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) levels, but not in NMN. We also found that the increased amount of NAD+ was strongly correlated with pulse rate before the administration of NMN. These results suggest that oral administration of NMN is a safe and practical strategy to boost NAD+ levels in humans. Clinical Trial Registration: JRCT [https://jrct.niph.go.jp/], identifier: [jRCTs041200034].
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okabe
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Fukamizu
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Toshiya Sato
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Takanobu Sakurai
- Research and Development Division, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Limited, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Toyama University Hospital, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Price D, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI. The effects of whey proteins, their peptides and amino acids on vascular function. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:9-26. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drew Price
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Kim G. Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - David Ian Givens
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
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Liu N, Chen X, Song J, Chen M, Gong P, Jia W, Li G. Hypoglycemic effects of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides on high fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice using metabolomics analysis. Food Funct 2021; 12:9994-10007. [PMID: 34505615 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the hypoglycemic effect of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (AAPs) on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice using metabolomic analysis. The results of fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, fasting serum insulin level, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and histopathological observation demonstrated that 200 mg per kg body weight per day AAP led to significant hypoglycemic activities. The metabolic profile of the mice was significantly changed after AAP intervention. 45 differential metabolites were screened as biomarkers for AAP adjuvant treatment, and AAPs' effects on the metabolism of amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, bile acids, and glycerophospholipids were analyzed. Thus, the current results elucidated the metabolic pathway of AAPs for T2DM alleviation and provided guidance for functional food adjuvant development for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China. .,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714000, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Juanna Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Mengyin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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