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Guardiola M, Rehues P, Amigó N, Arrieta F, Botana M, Gimeno-Orna JA, Girona J, Martínez-Montoro JI, Ortega E, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Margalet V, Pedro-Botet J, Ribalta J. Increasing the complexity of lipoprotein characterization for cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14214. [PMID: 38613414 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease is particularly high among individuals with diabetes, even when LDL cholesterol is normal or within the therapeutic target. Despite this, cholesterol accumulates in their arteries, in part, due to persistent atherogenic dyslipidaemia characterized by elevated triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, smaller LDL particles and reduced HDL cholesterol. The causal link between dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis in T2DM is complex, and our contention is that a deeper understanding of lipoprotein composition and functionality, the vehicle that delivers cholesterol to the artery, will provide insight for improving our understanding of the hidden cardiovascular risk of diabetes. This narrative review covers three levels of complexity in lipoprotein characterization: 1-the information provided by routine clinical biochemistry, 2-advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based lipoprotein profiling and 3-the identification of minor components or physical properties of lipoproteins that can help explain arterial accumulation in individuals with normal LDLc levels, which is typically the case in individuals with T2DM. This document highlights the importance of incorporating these three layers of lipoprotein-related information into population-based studies on ASCVD in T2DM. Such an attempt should inevitably run in parallel with biotechnological solutions that allow large-scale determination of these sets of methodologically diverse parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Guardiola
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Rehues
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Botana
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - José A Gimeno-Orna
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Vascular, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Dong S, Qiao J, Gao A, Zhao Z, Huang X, Kan Y, Yang Z, Ma M, Fan C, Han H, Zhou Y. Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and coronary collateral circulation in patients with chronic total occlusion. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:360. [PMID: 39009987 PMCID: PMC11251254 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is considered an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study investigated whether AIP correlates with the formation of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in CAD patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). METHODS This retrospective study included 1093 CAD patients with CTO confirmed by coronary angiography from January 2020 to December 2020 at Beijing Anzhen Hospital. Based on the Rentrop scoring system, the patients were divided into the good CCC group and the poor CCC group. AIP was calculated by log (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Meanwhile, the study population was further divided into four groups according to the quartiles of AIP. RESULTS Patients in the poor CCC group exhibited significantly higher AIP compared to those in the good CCC group (0.31 ± 0.27 vs. 0.14 ± 0.24, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed an independent association between AIP and poor CCC, regardless of whether AIP was treated as a continuous or categorical variable (p < 0.001), after adjusting for confounding factors. Besides, this association remained consistent across most subgroups. The incorporation of AIP into the baseline model significantly enhanced the accuracy of identifying poor CCC [area under the curve (AUC): baseline model, 0.661 vs. baseline model + AIP, 0.721, p for comparison < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS Elevated AIP is independently associated with an increased risk of poor CCC in CAD patients with CTO, and AIP may improve the ability to identify poor CCC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiaming Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zehao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi Kan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Meishi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chu Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongya Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Salah A, Mohammed El-Laban N, Mafiz Alam S, Shahidul Islam M, Abdalla Hussein M, Roshdy T. Optimization of Naringenin-loaded nanoparticles for targeting of Vanin-1, iNOS, and MCP-1 signaling pathway in HFD-induced obesity. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123967. [PMID: 38438083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Naringenin, a natural dihydrochalcone flavonoid, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties. This study investigates the hypolipidemic effects of Nar-NPs on obese mice. The characteristics of Nar-NPs, including morphology, particle size, zeta potential, UV-vis, and FT-IR spectra, were examined. The anti-obesity properties of Nar-NPs were evaluated in obese rats, considering LD50, 1/20 LD50, and 1/50 LD50 for treatment preparation. Results indicated that synthesized Nar-NPs were uniform, spherical, and well-dispersed, with a size of 130.06 ± 1.98 nm and with a zeta potential of -25.6 ± 0.8 mV. Nar-NPs exhibited enhancement in the cumulative release of naringenin (56.87 ± 2.45 %) as compared to pure naringenin suspension 87.83 ± 1.84 % in 24 h of the study. The LD50 of Nar-NPs was determined as 412.5 mg/kg.b.w. HFD induced elevated glycemic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers while reducing HDL-C, GSH, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Administration of Nar-NPs significantly mitigated body weight, glucose, insulin, leptin, TC, TG, SREBP1c, pAMPK, PPAR-α, as well as vanin-1, MCP-1, and iNOS mRNA gene expression. Histological investigations supported the biochemical and PCR findings. In a nutshell, the study suggests that the Nar-NPs could serve as a promising and viable pharmacological strategy for the treatment of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Salah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Nada Mohammed El-Laban
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, October 6 University, Sixth of October City, Egypt
| | - Seikh Mafiz Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata 700 156, India
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Abdalla Hussein
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, October 6 University, Sixth of October City, Egypt
| | - Tamer Roshdy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
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Afzal S, Abdul Manap AS, Attiq A, Albokhadaim I, Kandeel M, Alhojaily SM. From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1269581. [PMID: 37927596 PMCID: PMC10622810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1269581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress. This can cause genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level. This review delves into how ROS plays a role in disorders caused by oxidative stress. We also look at animal models used for researching ROS pathways. This study offers insights into the mechanism, pathology, epigenetic changes, and animal models to assist in drug development and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryar Afzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aimi Syamima Abdul Manap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Attiq
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Albokhadaim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Xiao L, Zhang K, Wang F, Wang M, Huang Q, Wei C, Gou Z. The LDL-C/ApoB ratio predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:104. [PMID: 37480052 PMCID: PMC10362700 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generally, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size can be inferred from the LDL cholesterol concentration to total apolipoprotein B concentration ratio (LDL-C/ApoB ratio, hereinafter called LAR), which is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, the predictive ability of LAR for mortality risk in the general population is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between LAR and cardiovascular as well as all-cause mortality among American adults. METHODS The present study was a secondary analysis of existing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The final analysis included 12,440 participants from 2005 to 2014. Survival differences between groups were visualized using Kaplan‒Meier curves and the log-rank test. The association of LAR with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was evaluated using multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic spline analysis. Age, sex, coronary artery disease, diabetes, lipid-lowering medication use and hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed in subgroup analyses. RESULTS The median age in the study cohort was 46.0 years [interquartile range (IQR): 31.0-62.0], and 6,034 (48.5%) participants were male. During the follow-up period, there were 872 (7.0%) all-cause deaths and 150 (1.2%) cardiovascular deaths. Compared with individuals without cardiovascular events, those who experienced cardiovascular deaths had a lower LAR (1.13 vs. 1.25) (P < 0.001). The adjusted Cox regression model indicated that lower LAR was an independent risk factor for both cardiovascular [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.304, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.114-0.812] and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.408, 95% CI: 0.270-0.617). Moreover, a significant age interaction was observed (P for interaction < 0.05), and there was a strong association between LAR and mortality among participants over 65 years of age. Further analysis showed an inverse association between LAR and both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS LAR can independently predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Guangji Road, Jiangsu, 215002, Suzhou, China
| | - Kerui Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Guangji Road, Jiangsu, 215002, Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Guangji Road, Jiangsu, 215002, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Guangji Road, Jiangsu, 215002, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Guangji Road, Jiangsu, 215002, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Wei
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Guangji Road, Jiangsu, 215002, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhongshan Gou
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Guangji Road, Jiangsu, 215002, Suzhou, China.
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Pik-Shan Kong A, Siu-Him Lau E, Chun-Kwan O, On-Yan Luk A, Cheuk-Fung Yip T, Yee-Kwan Chow E, Kwok R, Won Lee H, Lai-Hung Wong G, Ching-Wan Ma R, Lik-Yuen Chan H, Wai-Sun Wong V, Chung-Ngor Chan J. Advanced liver fibrosis predicts heart failure and hospitalizations in people with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study from Hong Kong Diabetes Register. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110825. [PMID: 37442241 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to examine the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Between 2013 and 2014, 1,734 patients with T2D underwent transient elastography (TE) to assess liver status indicated by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Liver steatosis was defined by CAP ≥248 dB/m and advanced liver fibrosis by LSM ≥10kPa. In 2019, we assessed their clinical outcomes including hospitalizations and mortality. RESULTS In this prospective cohort [56% men, mean (±standard deviation) age:60.8±11.5 years; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)7.8±1.6 %], 798 patients had liver steatosis, 296 patients had advanced liver fibrosis and 640 patients had normal liver at baseline. T2D with advanced liver fibrosis had higher body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure and lipid profiles than their counterparts with NAFLD or normal liver (all p<0.05). After a median follow-up of 6.07 (interquartile range:5.84 to 6.30) years, there were 4,403 incident hospitalizations, 32,119 days of hospital stay, and 171 deaths. Using Cox regression analysis, advanced liver fibrosis was associated with increased risk of heart failure (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] HR:3.07[1.08-8.68], p=0.035) and hospitalizations (HR: 1.39[1.14 -1.70], p=0.001) while liver steatosis was associated with reduced mortality (HR:0.60[0.41-0.87], p=0.007) compared to their counterparts with normal liver after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS T2D comorbid with liver steatosis and advanced liver fibrosis are distinct clinical entities with differences in outcomes. Advanced liver fibrosis is an important predictor for worse outcomes including heart failure and hospitalizations in people with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pik-Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Siu-Him Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - O Chun-Kwan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrea On-Yan Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Yee-Kwan Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Kwok
- Department of Gastroenterology, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Medical Data Analytics Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald Ching-Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Juliana Chung-Ngor Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Mosaad YO, Hussein MA, Ateyya H, Mohamed AH, Ali AA, Ramadan Youssuf A, Wink M, El-Kholy AA. Vanin 1 Gene Role in Modulation of iNOS/MCP-1/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Obese Diabetic Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6745-6759. [PMID: 36540060 PMCID: PMC9760040 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cysteamine, a powerful endogenous antioxidant, is produced mostly by the vanin-1 with pantetheinase activity. With regard to glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors, the current study sought to evaluate the association between the expression of the vanin-1 gene, oxidative stress, and inflammatory and iNOS signaling pathway in obese diabetic patients. METHODS We enrolled 67 male subjects with an average age of 53.5 ± 5.0 years, divided into 4 groups according to the WHO guideline. We determined their plasma levels of glucose, insulin, IRI, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, TNF- α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, SOD, CAT, and TBARs, as well as expression of the iNOS and Vanin1 genes. RESULTS Overweight and obese class I and II diabetics had significantly higher levels of plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, TNF-α, MCP-1, TGF-β1, CAT, and TBAR as well as iNOS and vanin-1 gene expression compared to healthy control individuals. In addition, as compared to healthy control individuals, overweight obese class I and II diabetics' plasma HDL-C levels and blood SOD activity were significantly lower. In addition, ultrasound and computed tomography showed that the presence of a mild obscuring fatty liver with mild hepatic echogenicity appeared in overweight, class I and II obese diabetic patients. CONCLUSION These findings provide important information for understanding the correlation between Vanin 1 and glycemic, inflammatory, and redox factors in obese patients. Furthermore, US and CT analysis were performed to visualize the observed images of fatty liver due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser O Mosaad
- Department of Pharmacy, Practice & Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdalla Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Health Science, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Hayam Ateyya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Mohamed
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, October 6th University, October 6th City, Egypt
| | - Ali A Ali
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ramadan Youssuf
- Consultant and Head of Cardiology Department, AL-AHRAR Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amal A El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on the Clinical Significance of Atherogenic Small, Dense LDL and New Therapeutical Options. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111579. [PMID: 34829807 PMCID: PMC8615620 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a potent risk factor for the genesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and both the concentration and type of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) augment this association. The small, dense LDL (sdLDL) subfraction is the subtype which is most strongly predictive of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. In addition to the traditionally available lipid-lowering treatment options, certain novel therapies have been shown to favorably impact sdLDL, among them the antidiabetic class of agents known as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs). These drugs seem to alter the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for the formation and accumulation of atherogenic lipoprotein particles, thus potentially reducing cardiovascular outcomes. They represent a uniquely targeted therapeutic approach to reduce cardiometabolic risk and warrant further study for their beneficial nonglycemic actions.
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Apolipoprotein B and Cardiovascular Disease: Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100690. [PMID: 34677405 PMCID: PMC8540246 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) B, the critical structural protein of the atherogenic lipoproteins, has two major isoforms: apoB48 and apoB100. ApoB48 is found in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants with one apoB48 molecule per chylomicron particle. Similarly, a single apoB100 molecule is contained per particle of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein, LDL and lipoprotein(a). This unique one apoB per particle ratio makes plasma apoB concentration a direct measure of the number of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins. ApoB levels indicate the atherogenic particle concentration independent of the particle cholesterol content, which is variable. While LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying serum lipoprotein, is the primary therapeutic target for management and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, there is strong evidence that apoB is a more accurate indicator of cardiovascular risk than either total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol. This review examines multiple aspects of apoB structure and function, with a focus on the controversy over use of apoB as a therapeutic target in clinical practice. Ongoing coronary artery disease residual risk, despite lipid-lowering treatment, has left patients and clinicians with unsatisfactory options for monitoring cardiovascular health. At the present time, the substitution of apoB for LDL-C in cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines has been deemed unjustified, but discussions continue.
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