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Vidyashree M, Deepeshwar S, K MN, Kaligal C, Kanthi A, Krishna D, Raghuram N, Bathala L, Sharma VK. Cerebral Haemodynamic Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Following a Three-Month Yoga Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2024; 16:e51548. [PMID: 38313913 PMCID: PMC10835018 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Cerebral haemodynamics and cognitive performance may be adversely affected in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Previous studies reported reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and altered cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in T2DM. Yoga, an ancient holistic health approach, is known to be beneficial for T2DM. We hypothesized that yoga practice may alter CBF and the flow resistance in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and improve cognition in T2DM. Our secondary objective was to explore the relationship between changes in cerebral haemodynamics and cognition in T2DM. Materials and methods Participants were randomly allotted into the yoga and control groups based on the eligibility criteria. One hour of yoga intervention specific to type 2 diabetes was provided to the yoga group for three months, while conventional treatment was provided to the control group. A transcranial Doppler was used to evaluate longitudinal changes in cerebral haemodynamics in MCA. A Corsi block tapping test was used to assess visio-spatial working memory. Results There were 75 participants recruited, of whom 38 participated in yoga and 37 participated in a control group. Both intention to treat and per protocol analysis showed significant results. At day 90, intention-to-treat analysis showed significant changes in CBF velocities (mean difference -10.85%, 95% CI (-13.26, -6.15), p<0.001), cerebral vasodilatory reserve (mean difference -0.23%, 95% CI (-0.43, -0.03), p=0.02) and cognition (mean difference -12.13%, 95% CI (-17.48, -6.78), p≤0.001). There was no between-group effect. Also, the correlation between the CBF and cognition did not show any significant results. Conclusion The three-month yoga intervention was associated with an improvement in cerebral hemodynamics. The study also revealed an improvement in visio-spatial working memory among patients with T2DM. The study did not show any correlation between the improvement in cerebral haemodynamics and working memory. We recommend larger and longer studies on yoga intervention for T2DM patients to evaluate whether such benefits are sustained and improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevappa Vidyashree
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Deemed to be University, Bangalore, IND
| | - Singh Deepeshwar
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, IND
- Department of Yoga, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Manjunath N K
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, IND
| | - Chidananda Kaligal
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, IND
| | - Amit Kanthi
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, IND
| | - Dwivedi Krishna
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, IND
| | - Nagarathna Raghuram
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Vijay K Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, SGP
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Wu Y, Tang J, Chen D, Zou Y, Yu P, Xu H, Cai S, Ren Y, Mei Y, Mu L. Effect of 23 % low-sodium salt applied to Chinese modified DASH diet on cerebrovascular function in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:993-999. [PMID: 37732352 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aim: to investigate the effects of low sodium formula salt combined with the Chinese Modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on cerebrovascular function in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Methods: an eight-week single-arm trial was conducted in 66 patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes to investigate effects of low sodium formula salt (potassium chloride 56 %, sodium chloride 23 %, 5 g/day) combined with Chinese Modified DASH diet on cerebrovascular function (measured by transcranial Doppler sonography), indicators of chronic diseases (blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids) and urinary excretion. The above indicators were performed before and after intervention. Results: fifty-nine subjects completed the study. Peak systolic velocity, mean flow velocity, end-diastolic velocity, pulsatility index and resistance index of internal cerebral artery and vertebral artery decreased significantly (p < 0.05); pulsatility index and resistance index of anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery decreased significantly (p < 0.05); and end-diastolic velocity and pulsatility index of basilar artery decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Blood pressure and blood glucose control rates increased significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusions: based on the study, 23 % low-sodium formula combined with CM-DASH diet pattern can improve cerebrovascular function in community patients with hypertension complicated with diabetes and has a good short-term benefit of blood pressure and glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development. Chongqing Medical University
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development. Chongqing Medical University
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development. Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yujia Zou
- Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development. Chongqing Medical University
| | - Pingping Yu
- Health Management Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Huini Xu
- Chongqing Nan'an District People's Hospital
| | - Shuwen Cai
- Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development. Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yanni Ren
- Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development. Chongqing Medical University
| | - Ying Mei
- Health Management Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Lihong Mu
- Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development. Chongqing Medical University
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Galdino GAM, Moura-Tonello SCG, Linares SN, Milan-Mattos JC, Spavieri DL, Oliveira SM, Porta A, Beltrame T, Catai AM. Intracranial compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with the cardiovascular autonomic nervous control. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12150. [PMID: 36102416 PMCID: PMC9467282 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracranial compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and the association with cardiovascular autonomic control have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess intracranial compliance using the noninvasive intracranial pressure (niICP) and the monitoring of waveform peaks (P1, P2, and P3) and the relationship with cardiovascular autonomic control in T2DM patients. Thirty-two men aged 40-60 years without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) were studied: T2DMG (n=16) and control group CG (n=16). The niICP was evaluated by a noninvasive extracranial sensor placed on the scalp. Cardiovascular autonomic control was evaluated by indices of the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), from temporal series of R-R intervals of electrocardiogram and systolic arterial pressure, during supine and orthostatic positions. The participants remained in the supine position for 15 min and then 15 min more in orthostatism. T2DMG presented a decrease of the P2/P1 ratio during the orthostatic position (P<0.001). There was a negative moderate correlation between the P2 peak with cardiovascular coupling (K2HP-SAPLF) in supine (r=-0.612, P=0.011) and orthostatic (r=-0.568, P=0.020) positions in T2DMG. We concluded that T2DM patients without CAN and cardiovascular complications presented intracranial compliance similar to healthy subjects. Despite preserved intracranial adjustments, T2DM patients had a response of greater magnitude in orthostatism. In addition, the decoupling between the heart period and blood pressure signal oscillations in low frequency appeared to be related to the worsening of intracranial compliance due to the increased P2 peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A M Galdino
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - S C G Moura-Tonello
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - S N Linares
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Milan-Mattos
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - D L Spavieri
- Divisão de Ciência de Dados, brain4care, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - S M Oliveira
- Divisão de Ciência de Dados, brain4care, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.,Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - A Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - T Beltrame
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.,Samsung R&D Institute Brazil (SRBR), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - A M Catai
- Laboratório de Fisioterapia Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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Pan X, Chen X, Ren L, Li Z, Chen S. Correlation of Obesity and Overweight with Cervical Vascular Function Among Healthy Populations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2927-2938. [PMID: 36186940 PMCID: PMC9521237 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s383880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of obesity and overweight on carotid vascular function among healthy populations by carotid ultrasound (CAU) and transcranial Doppler (TCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Basic clinical characteristics, CAU and TCD parameters were collected from recruited healthy individuals. Firstly, all participants were divided into three groups: normal, overweight and obese. Then, the variability of basic clinical characteristics and lipids between the three groups was calculated. Subsequently, CAU and TCD parameters were compared between the three groups. Finally, the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and neck vascular function was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 613 healthy participants were included, of whom 241 were normal, 264 were overweight, and 108 were obese. Overweight and obesity significantly decreased systolic, diastolic and mean flow velocities in the basilar, vertebral and internal carotid arteries, but had no effect on pulsatility index. In addition, BMI was significantly negatively correlated with systolic, diastolic, and mean flow velocities in the basilar, vertebral, and internal carotid arteries, and remained correlated after adjusting for other factors. There was no effect of overweight and obesity on carotid plaques. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that overweight and obesity decreased carotid vascular flow velocity and showed a decreasing trend in vascular flow velocity with increasing BMI. Overweight and obesity appear to have no effect on carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuchun Chen, Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 31185988406, Email
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