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Almatawah QA, Al-Khalaifah HS, Aldameer AS, Ali AK, Benhaji AH, Varghese JS. Microbiological Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality in Chicken Fattening Houses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:3512328. [PMID: 37283812 PMCID: PMC10241568 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3512328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted at one of the largest poultry companies in Kuwait during November and December 2019 to evaluate the microbiological threats of Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella spp., and Aspergillus fumigatus to chickens in fattening houses by counting and identifying the microorganisms by culturing and pyrosequencing analysis. During the fattening cycle, the temperature and humidity ranged between 23.6°C and 29°C and 64.1% and 87.1%, respectively. The total bacterial population and Aspergillus fumigatus measured in the indoor and outdoor air exhibited a linear relationship during the fattening cycle. The total bacterial and Aspergillus concentrations determined during the cycle ranged between 150 and 2000 CFU/m3 and 0 and 1000 CFU/m3, respectively. E. coli and Salmonella spp. concentrations determined during the cycle ranged between 1 and 220 CFU/m3 and 4 and 110 CFU/m3, respectively. Pyrosequencing analysis of the air inside the houses at the end of the cycle revealed extensive biodiversity in the microorganisms, detecting 32 bacterial genera and 14 species. The identified species belonging to the genera Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Aspergillus were identified as potentially affecting human and broiler health. The emission of potentially pathogenic bacteria to the outdoor environment from chicken housing can pose a considerable risk to human health and environmental microbial pollution. This study could guide the development of integrated control devices for monitoring microbes in broiler production facilities during chicken collection for transport to slaughterhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qadreyah A. Almatawah
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Hanan S. Al-Khalaifah
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad S. Aldameer
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Abdulmohsen K. Ali
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed H. Benhaji
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Julie S. Varghese
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
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Olagunju A, Martinez J, Kenny D, Gideon P, Mookadam F, Unzek S. Virulent endocarditis due to Haemophilus parainfluenzae: A systematic review of the literature. World J Cardiol 2022; 14:546-556. [PMID: 36339888 PMCID: PMC9627352 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i10.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemophilus parainfluenzae (HPI) belongs to the HACEK (Haemophilus spp., Aggregatibacter spp., Cardiobacterium spp., Eikenella spp., and Kingella spp.) group of organisms. The HACEK group of organisms are a part of the oropharyngeal flora and can cause invasive opportunistic infection such infective endocarditis (IE) in hosts with compromised immunological barriers.
AIM To perform a 20-year systematic review of the literature characterizing the clinical presentation, epidemiology and prognosis of HPI IE.
METHODS We performed a systematic review of Medline, Pubmed, Scopus and Embase from 2000 to 2022 to identify all cases of HPI IE.
RESULTS Thirty-nine adult cases were identified. HPI IE was found to affect males slightly more than females and is common in patients with predisposing risk factors such as underlying valvular abnormalities. It mostly affected the mitral valve and had an indolent course; significantly sized vegetations (> 1 cm) developed in most cases. Central nervous system septic embolization was common. It had a favorable prognosis compared to staphylococcal and streptococcal IE.
CONCLUSION Clinicians should be attentive to the indolent course of HPI IE and the presence of predisposing risk factors in order to allow for timely management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaril Olagunju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - Jake Martinez
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
| | - Dorothy Kenny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85013, United States
| | - Philip Gideon
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
| | - Farouk Mookadam
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
- Department of Cardio-oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
| | - Samuel Unzek
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85006, United States
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Roslund MI, Puhakka R, Nurminen N, Oikarinen S, Siter N, Grönroos M, Cinek O, Kramná L, Jumpponen A, Laitinen OH, Rajaniemi J, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Long-term biodiversity intervention shapes health-associated commensal microbiota among urban day-care children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106811. [PMID: 34403882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In modern urban environments children have a high incidence of inflammatory disorders, including allergies, asthma, and type1 diabetes. The underlying cause of these disorders, according to the biodiversity hypothesis, is an imbalance in immune regulation caused by a weak interaction with environmental microbes. In this 2-year study, we analyzed bacterial community shifts in the soil surface in day-care centers and commensal bacteria inhabiting the mouth, skin, and gut of children. We compared two different day-care environments: standard urban day-care centers and intervention day-care centers. Yards in the latter were amended with biodiverse forest floor vegetation and sod at the beginning of the study. RESULTS Intervention caused a long-standing increase in the relative abundance of nonpathogenic environmental mycobacteria in the surface soils. Treatment-specific shifts became evident in the community composition of Gammaproteobacteria, Negativicutes, and Bacilli, which jointly accounted for almost 40 and 50% of the taxa on the intervention day-care children's skin and in saliva, respectively. In the year-one skin swabs, richness of Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria was higher, and the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus sp., and Veillonella sp., was lower among children in intervention day-care centers compared with children in standard day-care centers. In the gut, the relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto decreased, particularly among the intervention children. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a 2-year biodiversity intervention shapes human commensal microbiota, including taxa that have been associated with immune regulation. Results indicate that intervention enriched commensal microbiota and suppressed the potentially pathogenic bacteria on the skin. We recommend future studies that expand intervention strategies to immune response and eventually the incidence of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nathan Siter
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kramná
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan KS66506, KS, United States of America
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Rajaniemi
- Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 5, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku, Finland.
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Bridwell RE, Cibrario A, Long B, Cho AM. Multisystem organ failure secondary to Haemophilus parainfluenzae infective endocarditis on an ICD lead: A case report. Am J Emerg Med 2019; 37:1602.e1-1602.e3. [PMID: 31109781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of implanted cardiac devices (ICD) is an unusual but life threatening event, rarely caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. While clinical presentation varies widely, infective endocarditis (IE) involving an ICD lead requires aggressive resuscitation and a multidisciplinary approach. We present a case of a 33-year-old intravenous drug user who presented in multisystem organ failure secondary to infective endocarditis on an ICD lead. This patient had a complicated hospital course requiring removal of her ICD, highlighting the dramatic presentation of this clinical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Bridwell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, United States of America.
| | - Amber Cibrario
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, United States of America
| | - Brit Long
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, United States of America
| | - Anthony M Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America
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Gantuya B, El-Serag HB, Matsumoto T, Ajami NJ, Oyuntsetseg K, Azzaya D, Uchida T, Yamaoka Y. Gastric Microbiota in Helicobacter pylori-Negative and -Positive Gastritis Among High Incidence of Gastric Cancer Area. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E504. [PMID: 30974798 PMCID: PMC6520852 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) related chronic gastritis is a well-known major etiological factor for gastric cancer development. However, H. pylori-negative gastritis (HpN) is not well described. We aimed to examine gastric mucosal microbiota in HpN compared to H. pylori-positive gastritis (HpP) and H. pylori-negative non-gastritis group (control). Here, we studied 11 subjects with HpN, 40 with HpP and 24 controls. We performed endoscopy with six gastric biopsies. Comparison groups were defined based on strict histological criteria for the disease and H. pylori diagnosis. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to profile the gastric microbiota according to comparison groups. These results demonstrate that the HpP group had significantly lower bacterial richness by the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) counts, and Shannon and Simpson indices as compared to HpN or controls. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed the enrichment of Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria at phylum level in the HpN group. In the age-adjusted multivariate analysis, Streptococcus sp. and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were at a significantly increased risk for HpN (odds ratio 18.9 and 12.3, respectively) based on abundance. Treponema sp. was uniquely found in HpN based on occurrence. In this paper, we conclude that Streptococcus sp., Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Treponema sp. are candidate pathogenic bacterial species for HpN. These results if confirmed may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boldbaatar Gantuya
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia.
| | - Hashem B El-Serag
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Khasag Oyuntsetseg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia.
| | - Dashdorj Azzaya
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig Street, Ulaanbaatar-14210, Mongolia.
| | - Tomohisa Uchida
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
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6
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Ambrosioni J, Martinez-Garcia C, Llopis J, Garcia-de-la-Maria C, Hernández-Meneses M, Tellez A, Falces C, Almela M, Vidal B, Sandoval E, Fuster D, Quintana E, Tolosana JM, Marco F, Moreno A, Miró JM. HACEK infective endocarditis: Epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome: A case-control study. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 76:120-125. [PMID: 30153485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to describe the epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical features of a population sample of 17 patients with HACEK infective endocarditis (HACEK-IE) and to compare them with matched control patients with IE caused by viridans group streptococci (VGS-IE). METHODS Cases of definite (n=14, 82.2%) and possible (n=3, 17.6%) HACEK-IE included in the Infective Endocarditis Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (IE-HCB) database between 1979 and 2016 were identified and described. Furthermore, a retrospective case-control analysis was performed, matching each case to three control subjects with VGS-IE registered in the same database during the same time period. RESULTS Seventeen out of 1209 IE cases (1.3%, 95% confidence interval 0.69-1.91%) were due to HACEK group organisms. The most frequently isolated HACEK species were Aggregatibacter spp (n=11, 64.7%). Intracardiac vegetations were present in 70.6% of cases. Left heart failure (LHF) was present in 29.4% of cases. Ten patients (58.8%) required in-hospital surgery and none died during hospitalization. In the case-control analysis, there was a trend towards larger vegetations in the HACEK-IE group (median (interquartile range) size 11.5 (10.0-20.0) mm vs. 9.0 (7.0-13.0) mm; p=0.068). Clinical manifestations, echocardiographic findings, LHF rate, systemic emboli, and other complications were all comparable (p>0.05). In-hospital surgery and mortality were similar in the two groups. One-year mortality was lower for HACEK-IE (1/17 vs. to 6/48; p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS HACEK-IE represented 1.3% of all IE cases. Clinical features and outcomes were comparable to those of the VGS-IE control group. Despite the trend towards a larger vegetation size, the embolic event rate was not higher and the 1-year mortality was significantly lower for HACEK-IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ambrosioni
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Llopis
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Garcia-de-la-Maria
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández-Meneses
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Tellez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Falces
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Almela
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Vidal
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sandoval
- Cardiac Surgery Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Fuster
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Quintana
- Cardiac Surgery Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Tolosana
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Marco
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asunción Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wienholtz NH, Barut A, Nørskov-Lauritsen N. Substitutions in PBP3 confer resistance to both ampicillin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Haemophilus parainfluenzae as revealed by site-directed mutagenesis and gene recombinants. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:2544-2547. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Haemophilus parainfluenzae as a marker of the upper respiratory tract microbiota changes under the influence of preoperative prophylaxis with or without postoperative treatment in patients with lung cancer. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:62. [PMID: 27052615 PMCID: PMC4823876 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0679-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophili are representative microbiota of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis and/or postoperative treatment on Haemophilus parainfluenzae prevalence, and antimicrobial sensitivity in short-term hospitalized patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery. Results Samples were collected from 30 short-term hospitalized patients with lung cancer and from 65 healthy people. The nasal and throat specimens were taken twice from each patient: before (EI, Examination I), on the fourth/fifth day (EII, Examination II) after surgery, and once from healthy people. The isolates identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were detected by routine diagnostic methods. H. parainfluenzae was found in throat specimens of 42/65 (64.6 %) healthy people, while in 19/30 (63.3 %) lung cancer patients in EI (p = 0.6203) and in 13/30 (43.3 %) ones in EII (p = 0.0106). Neither the disease itself nor short-term hospitalization with perioperative prophylaxis alone affected H. parainfluenzae prevalence in EII, while perioperative prophylaxis with postoperative treatment significantly decreased its colonization in EII. The differences in the number of patients colonized by Candida spp. in EI and in EII were observed (p = 0.0082).Totally, 23/58 (39.7 %) of H. parainfluenzae isolates were resistant mainly to beta-lactams; among 11 ampicillin-resistant isolates only 3 were beta-lactamase positive. Conclusions The antimicrobial perioperative prophylaxis together with postoperative treatment may disturb the composition of the airways microbiota represented by H. parainfluenzae, in addition to selecting the resistant strains of bacteria and promoting yeasts colonization in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery.
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Kosikowska U, Biernasiuk A, Korona-Głowniak I, Kiciak S, Tomasiewicz K, Malm A. The Association of Chronic Hepatitis C with Respiratory Microbiota Disturbance on the Basis of Decreased Haemophilus Spp. Colonization. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:625-32. [PMID: 26912163 PMCID: PMC4771098 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus species are the most common microbiota in humans. The aim of this paper was to investigate Haemophilus spp., mainly H. parainfluenzae prevalence, in the upper respiratory tract of chronic hepatitis C (CHC-positive) patients with or without therapy using pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin. Material/Methods We collected 462 samples from 54 healthy people and 100 CHC-positive patients at various stages: before (group A), during (group B), and after (group C) antiviral therapy. Identification of bacterial isolates including biotypes and antimicrobials susceptibility was accomplished by means of standard microbiological methods. Results In 70.4% of healthy people (control group) and in 27.0% of CHC-positive patients, the presence of haemophili, mainly H. parainfluenzae was observed, and those differences were statistically significant (p<0.0001). Statistically significant differences in Haemophilus spp. colonization were also observed among healthy people and CHC-positive patients from group A (p=0.0012) and from B or C groups (p<0.0001). Resistance to ampicillin in beta-lactamase-positive isolates and multidrug resistance (MDR) of H. parainfluenzae was detected mainly in group A. Conclusions The obtained data suggest that chronic hepatitis C, together with antiviral therapy, may influence the respiratory tract microbiota composition as found using haemophili, mainly H. parainfluenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kosikowska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kiciak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Anna Malm
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology with Laboratory for Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Patel SR, Patel NH, Borah A, Saltzman H. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus pacemaker endocarditis: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:885. [PMID: 25486984 PMCID: PMC4295285 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregatibacter bacteria are a rare cause of endocarditis in adults. They are part of a group of organisms known as HACEK--Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacter, Eikenella, and Kingella. Among these organisms, several Haemophilus species have been reclassified under the genus Aggregatibacter. Very few cases of Aggregatibacter endocarditis in patients with pacemaker devices have been reported. CASE PRESENTATION We present here what we believe to be the first case of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus pacemaker endocarditis. A 62-year-old African American male with a medical history significant for dual-chamber pacemaker placement in 1996 for complete heart block with subsequent lead manipulation in 2007, presented to his primary care doctor with fever, chills, night sweats, fatigue, and ten-pound weight loss over a four-month period. Physical examination revealed a new murmur and jugular venous distension which prompted initiation of antibiotics for suspicion of endocarditis. Both sets of initial blood cultures were positive for A. aphrophilus. Transesophageal echocardiogram revealed vegetations on the tricuspid valve and the right ventricular pacemaker lead (Figure 1). This case highlights the importance of identifying rare causes of endocarditis and recognizing that treatment may not differ from the standard treatment for typical presentations. The patient received intravenous ceftriaxone for his endocarditis for a total of six weeks. Upon device removal, temporary jugular venous pacing wires were placed. After two weeks of antibiotic treatment and no clinical deterioration, a new permanent pacemaker was placed and the patient was discharged home. CONCLUSIONS This is the first case of A. aphrophilus endocarditis in a patient with a permanent pacemaker. Our patient had no obvious risk factors other than poor dentition and a history of repeated pacemaker lead manipulation. This suggests that valvulopathies secondary to repeated lead manipulation can be clinically significant factors in morbidity and mortality in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nishi H Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Necessity of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identifying Haemophilus parainfluenzae-like strains associated with opportunistic urinary tract infections. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:805-811. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.071803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of Haemophilus spp. from urogenital sites can be challenging due to the lack of appropriate media for culturing the organisms and the poor resolution of biochemical methods. By incorporating chocolate agar and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis in our protocol to identify Haemophilus spp. from urinary specimens, we isolated and characterized 30 genetically homogeneous strains of a cryptic species that is phylogenetically close to, but distinct from, Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Commercial biochemical kits and VITEK 2 could not distinguish between the two species. Over 90 % of the strains were isolated from urine and the urogenital area, made possible with the inclusion of chocolate agar in our urine culture protocol. In contrast, no Haemophilus strains isolated from respiratory specimens were identified as the cryptic genospecies. The cryptic genospecies was associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in certain patient populations. Distinct from Haemophilus quentinii that also causes urogenital infection, the cryptic genospecies required V factor (NAD) but not X factor (haemin) to grow. The data indicated that 16S rRNA gene sequencing may be necessary in identifying Haemophilus species and that inaccurate categorization of Haemophilus strains isolated from urogenital specimens based on phenotypic characteristics may prevent accurate diagnosis of UTIs.
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López-Hernández I, Rodríguez-Martínez JM, Ortiz-de la Tabla V, Pascual A. Alto nivel de resistencia a fluoroquinolonas en un aislado respiratorio de Haemophilus parainfluenzae asociado a una nueva mutación en ParC. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 31:636-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Emergence of extensively drug-resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae in Switzerland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2867-9. [PMID: 23545526 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00221-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two homosexual men were colonized in the urethra with Haemophilus parainfluenzae nonsusceptible to ampicillin (MIC, 8 μg/ml), amoxicillin-clavulanate (MIC, 4 μg/ml), cefotaxime (MIC, 1.5 μg/ml), cefepime (MIC, 3 μg/ml), meropenem (MIC, 0.5 μg/ml), cefuroxime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol (all MICs, ≥ 32 μg/ml). Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) showed that the strains were indistinguishable. The isolates had amino acid substitutions in PBP3, L4, GyrA, and ParC and possessed Mef(A), Tet(M), and CatS resistance mechanisms. This is the first report of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) H. parainfluenzae.
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Lin YT, Hsieh KS, Chen YS, Huang IF, Cheng MF. Infective endocarditis in children without underlying heart disease. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2012; 46:121-8. [PMID: 22727890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Although pre-existing heart disease is the main predisposing factor for pediatric infective endocarditis (IE), cases of IE in children without underlying heart disease have been increasingly reported. This study reviews the clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric IE patients with and without underlying heart disease, and presents the unique features of patients with no apparent pre-existing heart disease. METHODS Children who were admitted to our hospital from January 1991 to April 2011 and met the Modified Duke criteria for definite or possible IE were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics and laboratory data were collected by chart review. RESULTS Forty-seven patients with a total of 48 episodes of IE were enrolled. Of these patients, 31 children (64.6%) had congenital heart disease (CHD), six (12.5%) had non-CHD chronic disease, and eleven (22.9%) were previously healthy adolescents. Five patients with non-CHD chronic conditions acquired infection from central catheter: two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), two Candida albicans and one coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). The microbial pathogens in 11 previously healthy individuals were Streptococcus viridans (n = 3), methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA, n = 2), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (n = 2), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (n = 1), Enterococcus (n = 1), and Diphtheroid (n = 1). In total, five of 17 non-CHD patients were infected with S. aureus (two MRSA and three MSSA) and the vegetations in these five patients were detected in the right side of the heart (tricuspid valve or right atrium). The average interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of IE in the CHD and previously healthy groups was 18 and 31 days, respectively. Patients in the previously healthy group were older and more often required surgical interventions for removal of vegetation. CONCLUSION Over one-third (35.4%) of cases of IE in children occurred in patients without pre-existing cardiac disease. Early identification of these patients is critical and requires a high index of suspicion. The pathogenesis of IE in previously healthy individuals is still uncertain, but previous skin infection or dental problems may contribute to potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Raza SS, Sultan OW, Sohail MR. Gram-negative bacterial endocarditis in adults: state-of-the-heart. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 8:879-85. [PMID: 20695743 DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative endocarditis due to HACEK bacteria (Haemophilus species, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella and Kingella species) and non-HACEK organisms is an infrequent occurrence but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, non-HACEK Gram-negative endocarditis has been associated with injection drug use. However, emerging data from more contemporary cohorts suggest changing epidemiology and risk factors for Gram-negative endocarditis, necessitating an updated review of this subject. Moreover, optimal management, including the need for surgical intervention, and strategies for the prevention of Gram-negative endocarditis need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania S Raza
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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