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Liu C, Yu J, Chen C, Li X, Ye Y, Dong Y, Ying X, Li H, Wang W. Characterization of linezolid- and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in a tertiary hospital in China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:486. [PMID: 38730362 PMCID: PMC11088155 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, linezolid-resistant staphylococci have become an emerging problem worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance, molecular epidemiology and transmission of linezolid-resistant CoNS in hospitals is very important. METHODS The antimicrobial susceptibilities of all isolates were determined by the microdilution method. The resistance mechanisms and molecular characteristics of the strains were determined using whole-genome sequencing and PCR. RESULTS All the strains were resistant to oxacillin and carried the mecA gene; 13 patients (36.1%) had prior linezolid exposure. Most S. epidermidis and S. hominis isolates were ST22 and ST1, respectively. MLST typing and evolutionary analysis indicated most linezolid-resistant CoNS strains were genetically related. In this study, we revealed that distinct CoNS strains have different mechanisms of linezolid resistance. Among ST22-type S. epidermidis, acquisition of the T2504A and C2534T mutations in the V domain of the 23 S rRNA gene, as well as mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 (L101V, G152D, and D159Y) and L4 (N158S), were linked to the development of linezolid resistance. In S. cohnii isolates, cfr, S158Y and D159Y mutations in the ribosomal protein L3 were detected. Additionally, emergence of the G2576T mutation and the cfr gene were major causes of linezolid resistance in S. hominis isolates. The cfr gene, G2576T and C2104T mutations, M156T change in L3 protein, and I188S change in L4 protein were found in S. capitis isolates. CONCLUSION The emergence of linezolid-resistant CoNS in the environment is concerning because it involves clonal dissemination and frequently coexists with various drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaogai Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafei Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yani Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yichuan People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Luohe Sixth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanhai Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Göller PC, Elsener T, Lorgé D, Radulovic N, Bernardi V, Naumann A, Amri N, Khatchatourova E, Coutinho FH, Loessner MJ, Gómez-Sanz E. Multi-species host range of staphylococcal phages isolated from wastewater. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6965. [PMID: 34845206 PMCID: PMC8629997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The host range of bacteriophages defines their impact on bacterial communities and genome diversity. Here, we characterize 94 novel staphylococcal phages from wastewater and establish their host range on a diversified panel of 117 staphylococci from 29 species. Using this high-resolution phage-bacteria interaction matrix, we unveil a multi-species host range as a dominant trait of the isolated staphylococcal phages. Phage genome sequencing shows this pattern to prevail irrespective of taxonomy. Network analysis between phage-infected bacteria reveals that hosts from multiple species, ecosystems, and drug-resistance phenotypes share numerous phages. Lastly, we show that phages throughout this network can package foreign genetic material enclosing an antibiotic resistance marker at various frequencies. Our findings indicate a weak host specialism of the tested phages, and therefore their potential to promote horizontal gene transfer in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline C. Göller
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tabea Elsener
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Lorgé
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natasa Radulovic
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viona Bernardi
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Naumann
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nesrine Amri
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Khatchatourova
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felipe Hernandes Coutinho
- grid.26811.3c0000 0001 0586 4893Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Martin J. Loessner
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gómez-Sanz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
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Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Clones Are Widely Distributed in the Hospital and Community. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070792. [PMID: 34201417 PMCID: PMC8308670 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) may be considered contaminants when isolated from clinical specimens but may also be a cause of true infection. This study aimed to compare the clonality and SCCmec type of a collection of CoNS isolated from blood cultures of inpatients, nasal swabs of healthy individuals, and patients with chronic wounds, all from the same community, using SCCmec typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and MLST. Staphylococcus epidermidis, exhibited high clonal diversity, but hospital and community clusters were observed. Nosocomial S. epidermidis clones belonged to sequence types ST2, ST6, and ST23. Some Staphylococcus haemolyticus clones were found to circulate in the hospital and community, while Staphylococcus saprophyticus exhibited very high clonal diversity. Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus capitis revealed several isolates belonging to the same clone in the hospital and community. The detection of different SCCmec types within the same cluster indicated high diversity. S. epidermidis was associated with SCCmec I and III, S. haemolyticus with I and II, S. capitis with type V, Staphylococcus hominis with mec complex type A and ccr1, and S. warneri and S. saprophyticus with SCCmec I. The generation of elements and new combinations of cassette genes were highly associated with CoNS isolates, suggesting that SCCmec may not be a good marker of clonality in these bacteria.
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Schwarz S, Zhang W, Du XD, Krüger H, Feßler AT, Ma S, Zhu Y, Wu C, Shen J, Wang Y. Mobile Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0018820. [PMID: 34076490 PMCID: PMC8262807 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00188-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven mobile oxazolidinone resistance genes, including cfr, cfr(B), cfr(C), cfr(D), cfr(E), optrA, and poxtA, have been identified to date. The cfr genes code for 23S rRNA methylases, which confer a multiresistance phenotype that includes resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A compounds. The optrA and poxtA genes code for ABC-F proteins that protect the bacterial ribosomes from the inhibitory effects of oxazolidinones. The optrA gene confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, while the poxtA gene confers elevated MICs or resistance to oxazolidinones, phenicols, and tetracycline. These oxazolidinone resistance genes are most frequently found on plasmids, but they are also located on transposons, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), genomic islands, and prophages. In these mobile genetic elements (MGEs), insertion sequences (IS) most often flanked the cfr, optrA, and poxtA genes and were able to generate translocatable units (TUs) that comprise the oxazolidinone resistance genes and occasionally also other genes. MGEs and TUs play an important role in the dissemination of oxazolidinone resistance genes across strain, species, and genus boundaries. Most frequently, these MGEs also harbor genes that mediate resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes, but also to metals and biocides. Direct selection pressure by the use of antimicrobial agents to which the oxazolidinone resistance genes confer resistance, but also indirect selection pressure by the use of antimicrobial agents, metals, or biocides (the respective resistance genes against which are colocated on cfr-, optrA-, or poxtA-carrying MGEs) may play a role in the coselection and persistence of oxazolidinone resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Henrike Krüger
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shizhen Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Ruiz-Ripa L, Feßler AT, Hanke D, Eichhorn I, Azcona-Gutiérrez JM, Alonso CA, Pérez-Moreno MO, Aspiroz C, Bellés A, Schwarz S, Torres C. Mechanisms of Linezolid Resistance Among Clinical Staphylococcus spp. in Spain: Spread of Methicillin- and Linezolid-Resistant S. epidermidis ST2. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:145-153. [PMID: 32456543 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the mechanisms of linezolid resistance and the molecular characteristics of clinical Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 15) isolates obtained from four Spanish hospitals. The detection of linezolid resistance mechanisms (mutations and acquisition of resistance genes) was performed by PCR/sequencing. The antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile was determined, and the isolates were typed by different molecular techniques. Moreover, the genetic environment of the cfr gene was determined by whole-genome sequencing. The cfr gene was detected in one methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) that also displayed the amino acid change Val118Ala in the ribosomal protein L4. The second S. aureus isolate was methicillin susceptible and showed different alterations in the ribosomal protein L4. All remaining linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 14) and Staphylococcus hominis isolates (n = 1) showed the mutation G2576T (n = 14) or C2534T (n = 1) in the 23S rRNA. Moreover, different amino acid changes were detected in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 in S. epidermidis isolates. All S. epidermidis isolates belonged to the multilocus sequence type ST2. Linezolid-resistant staphylococci (LRS) showed a multiresistance phenotype, including methicillin resistance that was detected in all isolates but one, and was mediated by the mecA gene. The cfr gene in the MRSA isolate was located together with the fexA gene on a conjugative 38,864 bp plasmid. Linezolid- and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis ST2 showing mutations in the 23S rRNA and in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4 are spread among Spanish hospitals, whereas LRS carrying acquired linezolid resistance genes are rarely detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Hanke
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Aspiroz
- Servicio Microbiología, Hospital Royo-Villanova, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Bellés
- Sección Microbiología, Hospital Universitari Arnau Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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6
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Ruiz-Ripa L, Bellés A, García M, Torres C. Detection of a cfr-positive MRSA CC398 strain in a pig farmer in Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 39:139-141. [PMID: 32386788 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize one linezolid- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate recovered from a nasal sample of a pig farmer patient. METHODS The detection of linezolid resistance mechanisms was performed by PCR and sequencing. The antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile was investigated, and the molecular typing was performed by molecular techniques. The transference of cfr gene was assessed by conjugation experiments and its genetic environment was investigated by specific PCRs. RESULTS The linezolid-resistant MRSA isolate was typed as t011-ST398/CC398-SCCmecV-agrI and carried the cfr gene. The isolate was multidrug-resistant but lacked the virulence genes studied. The cfr gene was co-located with the fexA gene on a Tn558 variant and was successfully transferred by conjugation. CONCLUSION We report the first description of LA-MRSA-CC398 carrying the cfr gene in Spain. This finding highlights the importance of surveillance programmes to determine the presence and spread of the cfr gene in the livestock and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Alba Bellés
- Sección de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mercè García
- Sección de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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7
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Kosecka-Strojek M, Sadowy E, Gawryszewska I, Klepacka J, Tomasik T, Michalik M, Hryniewicz W, Miedzobrodzki J. Emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in the tertiary children's hospital in Cracow, Poland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1717-1725. [PMID: 32350737 PMCID: PMC7427702 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, ubiquitous commensals of human skin, and mucous membranes represent important pathogens for immunocompromised patients and neonates. The increasing antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus epidermidis is an emerging problem worldwide. In particular, the linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis (LRSE) strains are observed in Europe since 2014. The aim of our study was to genetically characterize 11 LRSE isolates, recovered mostly from blood in the University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Poland, between 2015 and 2017. For identification of the isolates at the species level, we used 16S rRNA sequencing and RFLP of the saoC gene. Isolates were characterized phenotypically by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods such as PFGE, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of the ica operon, and analysis of antimicrobial resistance determinants. All isolates were multidrug-resistant, including resistance to methicillin, and exhibited so-called PhLOPSA phenotype. In PFGE, all isolates (excluding one from a catheter) represented identical patterns, were identified as ST2, and harbored the ica operon, responsible for biofilm formation. Linezolid resistance was associated with acquisition of A157R mutation in the ribosomal protein L3 and the presence of cfr gene. All isolates revealed new SCCmec cassette element composition. Recently, pediatric patients with serious staphylococcal infections are often treated with linezolid. The increasing linezolid resistance in bacterial strains becomes a real threat for patients, and monitoring such infections combined with surveillance and infection prevention programs is very important to decrease number of linezolid-resistant staphylococcal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gawryszewska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Children's University Hospital, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Children's University Hospital, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Miedzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Mama OM, Ruiz-Ripa L, Lozano C, González-Barrio D, Ruiz-Fons JF, Torres C. High diversity of coagulase negative staphylococci species in wild boars, with low antimicrobial resistance rates but detection of relevant resistance genes. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 64:125-129. [PMID: 31094318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This work was focused to determine the prevalence and the species diversity of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in wild boars, and to study their antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype. Nasal samples of 371 wild boars from six Spanish regions were collected for CoNS recovery. The identification was performed by MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility for eight antimicrobial agents was studied by disc-diffusion method and the presence of 31 antimicrobial resistance genes by PCR. CoNS were detected in nasal samples of 136/371 animals tested (36.6%), and 161 isolates were obtained (1-3/animal); a high diversity of species was found (n = 17), with predominance of S. sciuri (n = 64), S. xylosus (n = 21) and S. chromogenes (n = 17). Among CoNS isolates, 22.4% showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial tested. Tetracycline-resistance phenotype was the most frequently detected (10.5%), generally mediated by tet(K) gene [associated or not with tet(L)]. Other relevant resistance genes were identified including unusual ones [mecA, erm(B), erm(F), mphC, erm(43), msr(A)/msr(B), lnu(A), dfrG, fexA, and catpC221]. This is the first study in which CoNS isolates from wild boars are analysed. The knowledge of antimicrobial phenotype and genotype of CoNS in natural ecosystems is highly important since these staphylococcal species can act as vectors of relevant antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - David González-Barrio
- Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Jose Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Grupo SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Dissemination ofStaphylococcus epidermidisST22 With Stable, High-Level Resistance to Linezolid and Tedizolid in the Greek-Turkish Region (2008–2016). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39:492-494. [DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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10
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Dziri R, Klibi N, Lozano C, Ben Said L, Bellaaj R, Tenorio C, Boudabous A, Ben Slama K, Torres C. High prevalence of Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in environmental samples of a Tunisian hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:136-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Cafini F, Nguyen LTT, Higashide M, Román F, Prieto J, Morikawa K. Horizontal gene transmission of thecfrgene to MRSA andEnterococcus: role ofStaphylococcus epidermidisas a reservoir and alternative pathway for the spread of linezolid resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:587-92. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Karavasilis V, Zarkotou O, Panopoulou M, Kachrimanidou M, Themeli-Digalaki K, Stylianakis A, Gennimata V, Ntokou E, Stathopoulos C, Tsakris A, Pournaras S. Wide dissemination of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in Greece is associated with a linezolid-dependent ST22 clone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1625-9. [PMID: 25712317 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dependence on linezolid was recently described as significant growth acceleration of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE) isolates upon linezolid exposure. We investigated the possible contribution of linezolid dependence to LRSE dissemination in Greece. METHODS Linezolid resistance rates were estimated in six tertiary hospitals located throughout Greece between 2011 and 2013. Sixty-three randomly selected LRSE recovered in these hospitals during this period were studied. Growth curve analysis was conducted with and without linezolid. Clonality of the isolates was investigated by PFGE and MLST. RESULTS During the study period, the LRSE rate in the participating hospitals rose significantly from 6.9% to 9% (P = 0.006); the increase was more prominent in ICUs (from 15.1% to 20.9%; P = 0.005). Forty-seven (74.6%) of the 63 LRSE, derived from all study hospitals, clearly exhibited linezolid dependence, growing significantly faster in the presence of 16 and 32 mg/L linezolid. Of note, 61 (96.8%) LRSE exhibited a single macrorestriction pattern and belonged to ST22, which included all linezolid-dependent LRSE. The remaining two LRSE belonged to unique STs. Five of six linezolid-dependent isolates tested also exhibited linezolid dependence upon exposure to 8 mg/L linezolid. Interestingly, five of six ST22 linezolid-non-dependent isolates tested developed linezolid dependence when linezolid exposure preceded growth analysis. CONCLUSIONS The rapid LRSE dissemination in Greek hospitals threatens linezolid activity. The observation that most LRSE belonged to ST22 and expressed dependence on linezolid clearly implies that the spread of linezolid resistance should have been driven by this trait, which provided the LRSE with a selective advantage under linezolid pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Karavasilis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Maria Panopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Melina Kachrimanidou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thesaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Vassiliki Gennimata
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Ntokou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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A novel fexA variant from a canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolate that does not confer florfenicol resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5763-6. [PMID: 23979755 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00948-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposon Tn558 integrated in the chromosomal radC gene was detected for the first time in Staphylococus pseudintermedius. It carried a novel fexA variant (fexAv) that confers only chloramphenicol resistance. The exporter FexAv exhibited two amino acid substitutions, Gly33Ala and Ala37Val, both of which seem to be important for substrate recognition. Site-directed mutagenesis that reverted the mutated base pairs to those present in the original fexA gene restored the chloramphenicol-plus-florfenicol resistance phenotype.
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Caracterización de cepas de Staphylococcus epidermidis y S. haemolyticus resistentes a meticilina y linezolid en un hospital español. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 31:136-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mechanisms of linezolid resistance among Staphylococci in a tertiary hospital. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:998-1001. [PMID: 23269737 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01598-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of linezolid resistance among 86 staphylococcal isolates from two intensive care units were investigated. The most frequent was the G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA (82%). The cfr gene was found in 17% of the isolates, seven S. aureus and eight S. epidermidis isolates. Four of the S. epidermidis isolates had the G2576T mutation and the cfr gene. In four S. haemolyticus isolates, the mechanism could not be identified.
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